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Journal articles on the topic 'Charrúas'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Szilágyi Chebi, Mariá Elena. "Los charrúas en la memoria nacional de Uruguay." Acta Hispanica 20 (January 1, 2015): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actahisp.2015.20.105-120.

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The Charrúas were an indigenous group who lived in the territories of the former Banda Oriental (present Uruguay, the provinces of Entre Ríos, Santa Fe and Corrientes in Argentina, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Throughout the 18th century occurred campaigns of “civilization” of the governors of Buenos Aires against indigenous, resulting hundreds of deaths. In the first half of the 19th century the indigenous people, after they fought in the armies for independence of Uruguay, were persecuted and sought to exterminate systematically the Charrúas. This fact is known as “the massacre of Salsipuedes” (1831). Nowadays several organizations have been created to rebuild, investigate and clarify the facts, and assist all kinds of Charruan cultural survival. This paper attempts to present the various ways in which the Charrúas survive in the national memory of Uruguayan society at present. At the same time, the role of the Charrúas in the formation of the national identity of Uruguay is also examined.

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2

Rodríguez, Mariela Eva, and Mónica Michelena Díaz. "MEMORIAS CHARRÚAS EN URUGUAY." Abya-yala: Revista sobre Acesso à Justiça e Direitos nas Américas 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 179–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/abyayala.v2i2.13075.

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Resumen: En este artículo abordaremos interrogantes y argumentos en torno a la memoria colectiva que los miembros del pueblo charrúa comenzaron a plantear hace más de veinticinco años en Uruguay, en una época en la que se autoadscribían como descendientes. En el marco de los debates en torno al colonialismo de colonos ””que sustentan la ideología de blanqueamiento y de la excepcionalidad de los países del Plata”” repasaremos las trayectorias que los llevaron a consolidarse como sujetos políticos en términos de aboriginalidad (o indigeneidad). Posicionados como charrúas (y en algunos casos también como descendientes), diversos colectivos cuestionan los dispositivos que niegan su existencia ””a través de la premisa de que “en Uruguay no hay indios” ”” y demandan la ratificación del Convenio 169 de la OIT. Analizaremos asimismo cómo las continuidades y las interrupciones en la transmisión intergeneracional impactaron en los procesos de reemergencia indígena ””a los que consideramos en relación con los debates sobre etnogénesis”” y nos detendremos particularmente en las acciones contra los olvidos y los silencios que emprenden colectivamente, entre las cuales se encuentran diversos proyectos llevados a cabo en el marco de la etnografía colaborativa. Palabras claves: Memoria colectiva, charrúas en Uruguay, etnografía colaborativa, reemergencia indígena, etnogénesis

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3

Viegas Barros, J. Pedro. "Antropónimos charrúas de Cayastá (1758-1760): algunas observaciones lingüísticas." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 46, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 235–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v46i2.43279.

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El presente trabajo se basa en tres listas de antropónimos charrúas, compiladas en los años 1758 y 1760 en la reducción de Nuestra Señora de Cayastá (actual comuna de Cayastá, provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina) y publicadas por Bracco (2016). El objetivo del trabajo es interpretar lingüísticamente la mayor cantidad posible de datos a partir de estos antropónimos. Los métodos empleados incluyeron la comparación de las tres listas entre sí, la crítica filológica, el análisis interno de los datos, el cotejo con otros testimonios de la lengua charrúa, y la comparación con las lenguas emparentadas genéticamente. Los resultados obtenidos permiten proponer varias hipótesis sobre el charrúa, en lo que respecta a aspectos sociolingüísticos, morfológicos y fonético/fonológicos de esta deficientemente conocida lengua.

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4

Azpiroz, Andrés. "De “salvajes” a heroicos: la construcción de la voz y la imagen del “indio Charrúa” desde 1830 a los inicios del siglo XX." Almanack, no. 16 (August 2017): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-463320171601.

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Resumen El artículo se centra en el análisis del recorrido del concepto de “indios charrúas” desde la creación del Estado Oriental hasta las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Desde una perspectiva de la historia conceptual se analizan los diversos significados de la voz “charrúa” a través de fuentes escritas e iconográficas. De la lectura del artículo se advierte el proceso complejo por el cual el concepto pasó desde una tradición negativa, asociada al concepto de salvaje, a una valoración positiva relacionada con la incorporación de ese grupo de indígenas a la identidad nacional del Uruguay.

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5

Bracco, Diego. "Charrúas, guenoa minuanos y rapto." História Unisinos 24, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/hist.2020.243.04.

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6

Bracco, Diego. "Charrúas, Bohanes, Pampas y Guenoa Minuanos en los pueblos de Misiones." Folia Histórica del Nordeste, no. 27 (December 27, 2016): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/fhn.0271227.

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<p>En el marco de las investigaciones que se llevan a cabo en el Polo de Desarrollo Universitario: "Centro de investigaciones interdisciplinarias sobre la presencia indígena misionera en el territorio: patrimonio, región y frontera culturales" (Centro Universitario de Tacuarembó; Universidad de la República) se está prestando atención relevante a la presencia de charrúas, bohanes, pampas y guenoa minuanos en los pueblos de misiones. La investigación contribuye a resaltar que la expresión "guaraní misionero" -tradicionalmente empleada como sinónimo de "indígena misionero"- es inadecuada porque deja de lado esa presencia.<br />Muchos de los indígenas que eran preponderantes en las llanuras situadas al sur de las reducciones se incorporaron a los pueblos de misiones por voluntad o por fuerza. En algunos casos permanecieron allí durante generaciones, manteniendo aspectos relevantes de su identidad. El objetivo de esta contribución es poner de manifiesto esas circunstancias, especialmente en lo referido a San Borja y Yapeyú. Asimismo, destacar la influencia de la complejidad antes señalada en el espacio de frontera sobre el que se edificó la República Oriental del Uruguay.</p>

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7

Merenson, Silvina. "CUANDO SER INDIO NO RINDE: SOCIEDAD POLÍTICA, PARTICULARISMO Y EXCEPCIÓN EN LAS NARRATIVAS NACIONALES DEL URUGUAY." Espaço Ameríndio 4, no. 2 (December 23, 2010): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1982-6524.17363.

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El presente artículo analiza las relaciones entre sociedad política, particularismo y excepción en las narrativas nacionales del Uruguay. Para ello toma un evento reciente: la primera ocupación de tierras que tuvo lugar en la ciudad fronteriza de Bella Unión, protagonizada por un grupo de trabajadores rurales sindicalizados autodenominados “peludos”. A partir de las identificaciones propuestas para este colectivo, especialmente la que buscó emparentarlos con “los charrúas”, el texto explora el lugar que cabe al empleo de clasificaciones y categorías étnicas en la construcción de la agencia subalterna.

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8

Bracco, Diego. "Chanáes: aculturación y continuidad." Comechingonia. Revista de Arqueología 21, no. 2 (December 8, 2017): 305–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37603/2250.7728.v21.n2.26788.

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El objetivo principal de este artículo es reflexionar sobre cambios y continuidades entre los chanáes. Para ello se ha centrado la atención en los últimos años del siglo XVII e inicios del XVIII, principalmente a través de documentación inédita. Se ha excedido ese marco cronológico a la hora de considerar lo que parecen vínculos de larga duración con los charrúas, trayendo a consideración un documento del año 1749. Se destacan aspectos del proceso de aculturación relacionados con navegación, trabajo para la sociedad colonial, equitación y sincretismo religioso.

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9

Yujnovsky, Ines, Pablo Cansanello, Florencia Romero, and Carolina Montorfano. "La Batalla del Yi de 1702, aprender e investigar sobre una rebelión indígena casi desconocida." Clío & Asociados. La historia enseñada, no. 28 (June 1, 2019): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14409/cya.v0i28.7931.

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Desde una experiencia en el aula reflexionamos acerca de las formas de construcción de los saberes históricos, a partir de un enfoque y prácticas de enseñanza y aprendizaje colaborativo, que ha incluido el uso de tecnologías informáticas. La experiencia se refiere a una propuesta organizada en torno al tema de rebeliones indígenas americanas en el período colonial, con estudiantes de primer año, del profesorado de historia del Instituto Joaquín V. González. Se propuso un trabajo de investigación, sobre un tema poco conocido por la historiografía: la Batalla del Yi, un conflicto bélico que se produjo en 1702, en Sarandí del Yi, Uruguay. En ella se enfrentaron naciones indígenas coaligadas (Yaros, Bohanes, Charrúas) contra el ejército jesuítico-guaraní. Nos propusimos buscar e imaginar las voces de los vencidos que no sabían escribir y comprender la importancia de las distintas interpretaciones en la producción de los saberes históricos.

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Pedroso, Anayara Fantinel, and Antonio José Guimarães Brito. "Vidas do sul: Identidade, Direito e Resistência na América Latina." RELACult - Revista Latino-Americana de Estudos em Cultura e Sociedade 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.23899/relacult.v2i4.352.

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Os Charruas habitavam o Uruguai, Argentina e parte do território do Rio Grande do Sul, no Brasil antes da chegada dos colonizadores europeus, no século XVI. Durante muito tempo foram rotulados como bárbaros e demonizados, por resistir à cultura ocidental colonialista e eurocêntrica. Considerados uma ameaça, sofreram perseguições, principalmente no que diz respeito à formação dos Estados Nacionais, uruguaio e argentino. Entre 1701-1702 houve conflito na banda oriental onde 500 Charruas foram mortos. Tido como infiéis, em 1750 surgiram campanhas militares contra os indígenas, e no ano de 1831, os Charruas foram traídos e massacrados pelas tropas do General Rivera, onde a etnia Charrua foi dizimada, genocídio denominado Massacre de Salsipuedes.Devido às políticas anti-indigenistas instauradas, essa etnia foi dada como desaparecida. Acredita-se que houve uma resistência silenciosa por parte dos indígenas enquanto as condições políticas e sociais não os favoreciam. No Brasil, em 1970 houve o ressurgimento dos direitos indígenas e um fortalecimento das articulações, visando principalmente a questão da demarcação dos territórios, as retomadas, que ganhou força internacionalmente. Examina-se questões como a Identidade, Direito e Resistência dos Charruas na América Latina através de pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e ida a campo na aldeia Polidoro, localizada em Porto Alegre e Tacuarembó-UY.

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11

Rodríguez, Mariela Eva. "DEVENIR CHARRÚA EN EL URUGUAY." Abya-yala: Revista sobre Acesso à Justiça e Direitos nas Américas 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/abyayala.v2i2.23004.

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12

Groza, Marcus. "CHARRUA NATURAL." Revista Desassossego 4, no. 7 (June 10, 2012): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2175-3180.v4i7p169-172.

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13

Gomís, Anamari. "Reseña de Hernán Lara Zaval. Charras." Anuario de Letras Modernas 4 (March 31, 1993): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ffyl.01860526p.1990.4.987.

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14

Galan de Paula, Camila. "Um estudo dos dispositivos do apagamento indígena no Uruguai." Equatorial – Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social 7, no. 13 (September 16, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/2446-5674.2020v7n13id20823.

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15

Nelin, Timur. "Myths About the Charrua: Truth and Fiction in the History of the Indigenous People of Uruguay." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2020): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.1.14.

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Introduction. The article is devoted to the Charrua, a little-known indigenous people of Uruguay. This people was exterminated in the first half of the 19th century, giving rise to a number of myths about its history and culture. The author tries to find out, what information about the Charrua is based on facts, and what is a historical myth. The researcher considers such cases as the anthropological characteristics of the Charrua, the structure of the people, the history of its name, the case of the murder of Juan Diaz de Solis in 1516 and the history of the Natives taken to Paris in 1833. Methods and materials. The author uses the principles of historicism, objectivity, the general scientific, historical and genetic method. The data of linguistics, physical anthropology and ethnology are also involved. The article provides historiographical and source analysis related to the Charrua materials. Analysis. The physical appearance of the Charrua is related to the pampido anthropological type of the Chaco region. The tribe was heterogeneous and consisted of different groups. The name “Charrua” is of European origin and it is often used as a generic term for several related tribes. According to the sources, the Charrua were not involved in the murder of Juan Diaz de Solis. The latest historical studies of the Charrua taken to France show that there was not wonderful escaping of two members of this tribe. Results. The study shows that the most part of the existing historical and anthropological myths about the Charrua are completely or partially untrue.

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16

Largeaud, Jean-Marc. "Le lieutenant-colonel Charras, soldat de « la » République ?" Revue d'histoire du XIXe siècle, no. 20/21 (June 1, 2000): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rh19.209.

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17

Twardowski, Zbylut J. "Laudatio:Dr. Bernard Charra." Hemodialysis International 5, no. 1 (January 2001): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hdi.2001.5.1.1.

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18

Sousa, Saulo Almeida, Vagner Maximino Leite, Vanessa de Oliveira Almeida, Douglas dos Santos Pina, Luana Marta de Almeida Rufino, Aracele Vieira Santos, Alexandre Fernandes Perazzo, Thiago Carvalho da Silva, Luis Gabriel Alves Cirne, and Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho. "Agronomic characterization of sunflower cultivars for animal feeding in tropical conditions." Bioscience Journal 37 (September 15, 2021): e37050. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-53618.

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This study was developed to examine morpho-agronomic traits of 18 sunflower cultivars and identify superior cultivars in terms of grain yield, forage quality, or both, for animal feeding. Twenty-two morpho-agronomic traits related to plant development and architecture; earliness of maturity; grain yield (achenes); dry matter yield; and dry matter content were evaluated. Cultivars Hélio 253, Hélio 358, Embrapa 122, BRS 321, and Hélio 360 showed inflorescence at the final stage. Aguará 4 showed the lowest flowering rate, characterizing it as late-maturing. For grain yield, cultivars Charrua, Olisun 3, BRS 321, Paraíso 103CL, Paraíso 65, Aguará 6, and CF 101 are recommended, as they showed the highest achene yields (average: 1,541.67 to 2,148.81 kg.ha−1, respectively). Cultivars Charrua, Hélio 251, Olisun 3, Hélio 360, Paraíso 55, and Paraíso 103CL exhibited higher dry matter yields (9,550.93 to 11,789.91 kg ha−1) and were thus indicated for forage production. Cultivars Charrua, Olisun 3, BRS 321, Paraíso 103CL, Paraíso 65, Aguará 6, and CF 101 are recommended for grain yield, for the diet of monogastric animals; Charrua, Hélio 251, Olisun 3, Hélio 360, Paraíso 55, and Paraíso 103CL for forage yield, for ruminant feeding; and Charrua, Olisun 3, and Paraíso 103CL for both purposes.

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19

LÓPEZ-GAPPA, J., M. G. LIUZZI, and C. PEREYRA. "A new species of Hippomonavella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from the Holocene and Recent of Argentina and Uruguay (Southwest Atlantic)." Zootaxa 4728, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4728.1.8.

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Hippomonavella charrua n. sp. is introduced based on material from the continental shelf off Uruguay. Bilaminar fragments of this species were also found in mid-Holocene deposits of Destacamento Río Salado Member, Canal de las Escobas Formation (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina), ca. 6,000 yr BP. Hippomonavella charrua n. sp. resembles H. brasiliensis Ramalho, Muricy & Taylor, 2008, but differs from this species in its more triangular and protruding avicularia occurring in just a small proportion of zooids. Hippomonavella charrua n. sp. is the third species of the genus with both fossil and Recent representatives. The tatiform ancestrula and the early astogeny are described for the first time in a species of Hippomonavella.

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Twardowski, Zbylut J. "Laudatio: Dr. Bernard Charra." Hemodialysis International 5, no. 1 (January 2001): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hdi.2001.5.1.1.

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21

Quintili, Paolo. "Rameau le Fou, adaptation de Pierre Charras, d’après Denis Diderot." Recherches sur Diderot et sur l'Encyclopédie, no. 33 (October 20, 2002): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rde.435.

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22

Hilbert, Klaus. "A interpretação étnica na Arqueologia dos caçadores-coletores da região do Prata." Estudos Ibero-Americanos 27, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-864x.2001.2.24436.

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Durante o século XIX, os índios Charrua e Minuano participaram ativamente da fixação das fronteiras nacionais na região do Prata. A consolidação dos estados nacionais transformou estes grupos de caçadores-coletores em elementos sociais considerados fora-da-lei, traidores e rebeldes. Somente após de seu extermínio, os Charrua e Minuano foram incorporados à identidade cultural das populações atuais e tornaram-se símbolo da resistência e da liberdade da população da Campanha.

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23

Batista Bortolotti, João Antônio. "Revista Charrua – relativizações das retóricas de intelectual revolucionário e literatura de combate (1977-1986)." Revista Discente Ofícios de Clio 5, no. 9 (January 8, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/clio.v5i9.19766.

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Este artigo objetiva contextualizar e analisar os significados da Revista Charrua (1984-1986), periódico idealizado e publicado por um grupo de jovens escritores imbuídos de ideias e intenções de demarcar um novo momento da literatura moçambicana, distanciando-se das retóricas de intelectual revolucionário e poesia de combate, caras ao projeto nacional do Estado-Frelimo. Para tal, contextualizo brevemente o momento da formação da Frente de Libertação de Moçambique, e mais amplamente o período após a independência, marcado pelo início de uma guerra civil, bem como por um projeto nacionalista autoritário, a envolver a elaboração de um conceito de cultura moçambicana.Palavras-chave: Revista Charrua, Moçambique, literatura moçambicana, Frelimo, Renamo, poesia de combate.Abstract:This paper aims to contextualize and analyze the meanings of Charrua Magazine (1984-1986), idealized and published by a group of young writers imbued with ideas and intentions of lining off a new moment in Mozambican literature, distancing from the rhetoric of revolutionary intellectual and combat poetry, dear to the State’s national project. In order to accomplish that, I briefly contextualize the moment of Mozambique Liberation Front’s formation, e more widely the moment after independence, marked by the beginning of a civil war, as well as by an authoritarian nationalist project, which involved the elaboration of a concept of Mozambican culture.Keywords: Charrua Magazine, Mozambique, Mozambican literature, Frelimo, Renamo, combat poetry.

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Favier, Laura S., Matías Nieto, Oscar S. Giordano, and Carlos E. Tonn. "Diterpenoids and flavonoids from Ophryosporus charrua." Phytochemistry 45, no. 7 (August 1997): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00147-7.

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25

Verdesio, Gustavo. "Un fantasma recorre el Uruguay: la reemergencia charrúa en un “país sin indios”." Cuadernos de Literatura 18, no. 36 (November 18, 2014): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.cl18-36.frur.

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Este trabajo estudia la reemergencia de la etnicidad charrúa en Uruguay, un país que se ha imaginado a sí mismo, por lo menos desde ﬁnes del siglo XIX, como carente de indígenas. En el marco de un clima relativamente reciente de descolonización y de avance de las agendas políticas y sociales indígenas, los militantes de los grupos reemergentes presentan un desafío importante a las narrativas de la nación predominantes en Uruguay.

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San Román, Gustavo. "La garra charrúa : fútbol, indios e identidad en el Uruguay contemporáneo." Bulletin Hispanique 107, no. 2 (2005): 633–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/hispa.2005.5245.

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Vidal, Viviane Pouey, Ronaldo Bernardino Colvero, and Jeremyas Machado Silva. "Etnografias das etnias Charrua e Minuano: o olhar dos cronistas e viajantes dos séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII." Revista Memorare 3, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/memorare.v3e2201622-43.

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O presente artigo é resultado da revisão de registros históricos que mencionam a ocupação dos índios Charrua e Minuano na antiga Banda Oriental do Uruguai durante o período colonial. O objetivo é demonstrar como os colonizadores ibéricos agiram sobre as etnias Charrua e Minuano e como estas reagiram aos europeus nas diferentes etapas do andamento da colonização. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica na qual se consultou os relatos de viajantes e de cronistas dos séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII no que diz respeito aos costumes indígenas no referido recorte temporal e aos aspectos da formação econômica, política, social e cultural da região da Bacia do Rio da Prata.

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Devos, Emmanuelle. "Jules Gervais-Courtellemont à la Salle Charras. De la photographie au cinématographe." 1895, no. 56 (December 1, 2008): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/1895.4053.

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Campione-Piccardo, José. "Últimas palabras del médico charrúa Senaqué: novel hipótesis respecto a su interpretación." Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica 10, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v10i2.20942.

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En el presente artículo se sugiere una hipótesis alternativa respecto de la interpretación que se les ha dado a las últimas palabras del médico indígena charrúa Senaqué desde su fallecimiento en Paris el 26 de julio de 1833. La versión que iniciara el interno Camus, y que se ha mantenido hasta el presente, es entendible desde un punto de vista parisino y francés, pero no parece condecir con los orígenes de Senaqué, su carácter, su habla, su trayectoria y sus creencias, y es posible que se trate de una honesta pero errónea interpretación basada en la transcripción fonética al francés (mediante cambio de código lingüístico entre lo enunciado por quien habla y el decodificado por parte de quien le oye) por las personas de habla francesa que estaban presentes al momento de su muerte, y que fueran las únicas que le oyeron pronunciarlas.

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Londoño Motta, Jaime E. "Medófilo Medina. Juegos de Rebeldía. La trayectoria Política de Saúl Charris de la Hoz (1914)." Historia y Espacio, no. 16 (September 7, 2018): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/hye.v0i16.6918.

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Reseña elaborada por el historiador Jaime Londoño Motta, sobre un libro escrito por Médofilo Medina, referente a la vida política de Charris de la Hoz; siendo por tanto un tipo de estudio político-regional.

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BORTEIRO, CLAUDIO, FRANCISCO KOLENC, CARLOS PRIGIONI, MARIANA L. LYRA, and DIEGO BALDO. "A lost species or the loss of stripes? The case of Contomastix lizards from Cabo Polonio, Uruguay, with observations on C. lacertoides (Duméril & Bibron) and Cnemidophorus grandensis Cope (Squamata, Teiidae)." Zootaxa 3620, no. 2 (March 6, 2013): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.3.

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The main goal of this manuscript is the reevaluation of the taxonomic status of the teiid lizard Contomastix charrua, known only from Cabo Polonio, a small coastal rocky outcrop in southeastern Uruguay. This species was erected on the basis of the presence of a second pair of ceratobranchials and longer cornua in the hyoid bone, in addition to a reduced expression of the pattern of coloration as compared with C. lacertoides. Nevertheless, we found that both species have indistinguishable hyoid morphology, bearing C. lacertoides a noticeable second pair of ceratobranchials. Besides, we realized that the pattern of coloration in this species is more variable than previously considered. As a result of the present work, C. charrua is included in the synonymy of C. lacertoides. In addition, we provide some observations on the holotype of Cnemidophorus grandensis, a junior synonym of C. lacertoides.

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EMMERICH, DANIEL, and CAROLINA NIETO. "First record of the genus Paracloeodes Day (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Uruguay and description of two new species." Zootaxa 2225, no. 1 (September 9, 2009): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2225.1.3.

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Eleven species of the genus Paracloeodes are recorded from South America. This genus is reported for the first time in Uruguay. Two new species (P. charrua and P. morellii) are described based on nymphs. A key for all South American species of Paracloeodes is included.

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ŘÍČAN, OLDŘICH, and SVEN O. KULLANDER. "The Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguay and Parana River drainages." Zootaxa 1724, no. 1 (March 10, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1724.1.1.

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Australoheros Ř íčan and Kullander, 2006 includes four described species—Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842), Australoheros tembe (Casciotta, Gómez & Toresani, 1995), Australoheros scitulus (Říčan & Kullander, 2003) and Australoheros kaaygua Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006. Four additional species are newly described in this paper based on results presented in Ř íčan and Kullander (2006): Australoheros forquilha sp. nov., from the tributaries of the Upper Río Uruguay in Brazil; Australoheros charrua sp. nov. and Australoheros minuano sp. nov., from the tributaries of the Middle Río Uruguay in Brazil and Uruguay, and Australoheros guarani sp. nov. from the Río Paraná tributaries in Paraguay. Sympatric species are not found closely related and all sister species have allopatric distributions. Four species groups are recognized based on phylogenetic hypotheses generated from morphological and cyt b characters; the forquilha group—A. forquilha, A. tembe; the scitulus group—A. scitulus, A. charrua; the kaaygua group—A. kaaygua, A. minuano; and the facetus group—A. facetus, A. guarani.

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Laplace, Dominique, Karine De Prato, Philippe Bournot, and Louis Félouzis. "Mesure et modélisation des flux charriés dans un collecteur d'assainissement unitaire." La Houille Blanche, no. 5 (October 2008): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb:2008060.

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LOUREIRO, MARCELO, and GRACIELA GARCÍA. "Austrolebias reicherti Loureiro & García, a valid species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from Uruguay." Zootaxa 1940, no. 1 (November 24, 2008): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1940.1.1.

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This article analyzes the available morphological (morphometric, meristic, and coloration patterns) and molecular evidence that supports the taxonomic validity of Austrolebias reicherti. The species can be differentiated from A. charrua Costa & Cheffe, recently proposed as a senior synonym (Costa 2006), by the following combination of characters (characters of A. charrua in parenthesis): 1) origin of dorsal fin anterior to that of the anal fin (origin of dorsal fin posterior to that of the anal fin), 2) 18 to 24 caudal fin rays (23–26), 3) black supraorbital band well developed (moderately developed), 4) a vertical band present on the posterior borders of dorsal and anal fins (band absent), 5) base of dorsal fin banded and anal fin uniformly pigmented (both fins dotted at least on their proximal section), and 6) vertical dark bands on body flank narrower or equal in width to the lighter space between bands (vertical bands equal or wider than space between bands). According to morphological and molecular data, it is also concluded that A. salviai Costa, Litz & Laurino is a junior synonym of A. reicherti.

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Bakhronovna, Rasulova Durdona. "The scientific expedition of french explorer charrles eugene ujfalvy in central asia." Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR) 8, no. 8 (2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2019.00269.6.

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Carey, Wayne E. "Comparative ontogeny of photobehavioural responses of charrs (Salvelinus species)." Environmental Biology of Fishes 12, no. 3 (March 1985): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00005150.

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van Koppen, Frans. "THE ORGANISATION OF INSTITUTIONAL AGRICULTURE IN MARI." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 44, no. 4 (2001): 451–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685200160052595.

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AbstractThe archives from the time of Zimri-Lim (1678-1664 BC) found in the palace at Mari allow a reconstruction of the accounting practises associated with institutional agriculture. Both the local relations of production and the political goals of the state are assessed in determining land use. The central government restricted itself to the distribution of a variety of resources to its rural estates and to the organisation of supplementary labourers. The "farmer" (ikkarum) managed the basic work unit, plough teams, in order to meet production goals, but his simultaneous contracts with directors of different estates both allowed for his investment (and private gain) and stimulated efficient employment of the palace's resources. This practice provided flexibility for the central government's management of its agricultural estates. Les archives de l'époque de Zimri-Lim (1678-1664 BC) exhumés dans le palais de Mari permettent une reconstruction de la système de comptabilité de l'agriculture institutionelle. Les moyens de production disponibles et des considérations politiques déterminaient l'emploi des terres. Le gouvernement se bornait à la distribution des ressources et à l'organisation de la main-d'oeuvre supplémentaire. Le "cultivateur" (ikkarum) dirigeait les unités de base de l'agriculture, les charrues, afin de produire une récolte fixée. Il investissait des ressources privées (et pourait en profiter) et dirigait des charrues dans des domaines agricoles differentes, que permettait un emploi economique de resources du palais. Cette pratique fournissait de la flexibilité dans un régime dirigé de façon centralisée.

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Rosillo, J. C., S. Olivera-Bravo, G. Casanova, J. M. García-Verdugo, and A. S. Fernández. "Olfacto-retinalis pathway in Austrolebias charrua fishes: A neuronal tracer study." Neuroscience 253 (December 2013): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.047.

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Arezo, M. J., S. D’Alessandro, N. Papa, R. de Sá, and N. Berois. "Sex differentiation pattern in the annual fish Austrolebias charrua (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)." Tissue and Cell 39, no. 2 (April 2007): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2007.01.004.

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Babana-Hampton, Safoi. "States and Women's Rights." American Journal of Islam and Society 19, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v19i4.1902.

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In her preface, Mounira Charrad traces the genesis of her study to her concerns as a sociologist regarding the inadequate analytical models used to account for the origin of political organization in the "predominantly classbased and capitalist societies" Maghribi societies. Charrad proposes "kinship" and tribal ties as more appropriate sociological categories for acquiring a good understanding of the foundations of social relations in Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. She focuses on three distinct historical periods: precolonial, colonial, and post-independence. Her investigation centers on documenting the historical relationship between the process of nationbuilding and state-formation, and the codification and articulation of a unified family law that replaced numerous (and sometimes conflicting) forms of customary law competing with Islamic law. The book combines historical, sociological, and geographical data and analytical concepts in order to frame the investigation's main subject. The subject is covered in three main parts divided into nine chapters, in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. The text is supplemented with tables and maps documenting linguistic and geographic features of the Maghrebi states under study. The book concludes with a useful glossary of transliterated Arabic words, chapter notes, a selected bibliography organized conveniently under five main headings, an author index, and a subject index ...

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Amaral, Alisson Macendo, Alefe Viana Souza Bastos, Maria Ângela Cruz Macêdo dos Santos, Marconi Batista Teixeira, and Frederico Antonio Loureiro Soares. "Respostas fisiológicas do girassol em fase reprodutiva ao estresse hídrico e salino." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 12 (September 14, 2021): e97101220199. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20199.

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O objetivo do estudo foi compreender as alterações fisiológicas do girassol, em fase reprodutiva, quando submetido a estresses hídrico e salino. O estudo foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, aplicando-se 4 níveis de irrigação (25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura) e 2 níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (0,6 e 3,0 dS m-1) no cultivar Charrua. O delineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 com 3 repetições. Foram avaliados parâmetros de trocas gasosas e fluorescência. Para as trocas gasosas avaliou-se a taxa fotossintética (A), taxa transpiratória (E), condutância estomática (Gs), concentração interna de CO2 (Ci) e as razões Ci/Ca, A/Ci, A/Gs e A/E. Para a fluorescência da clorofila A foram mensurados o rendimento quântico efetivo do fotossistema II (ϕ PSII), o rendimento quântico potencial do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm) o quenching fotoquímico (qP) e o quenching não-fotoquímico (qNP). A fluorescência da clorofila A não sofreu alterações significativas com os tratamentos. A Charrua demonstrou adaptabilidade aos efeitos dos estresses, resultando em diminuição da abertura estomática, aumento de Gs, da A, da eficiência instantânea de carboxilação e eficiência do uso da água quando submetido aos menores níveis de irrigação e condutividade elétrica.

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Gaytán, Marie Sarita, and Ana G. Valenzuela Zapata. "Más allá del mito: mujeres, tequila y nación." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 28, no. 1 (2012): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2012.28.1.183.

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Junto con el mariachi y los charros, el tequila es uno de los íconos mexicanos más reconocidos en el mercado internacional. Sin embargo, en los dos primeros contamos con una presencia femenina indiscutible—mariachis con mujeres y escaramuzas. ¿Dónde están las mujeres del tequila? La presente investigación busca responder a esta pregunta al documentar la participación de mujeres en la cultura e industria del tequila, destacando sus contribuciones en relación a uno de los productos más importantes de México.

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Tunc Dede, Ozlem. "Steve E. Hrudey, Jeffrey W.A. Charrois (eds.): Disinfection By-Products and Human Health." Water Quality, Exposure and Health 4, no. 3 (July 31, 2012): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-012-0076-9.

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Díaz, George T. "Review: Charros: How Mexican Cowboys Are Remapping Race, by Laura R. Barraclough." Southern California Quarterly 102, no. 2 (2020): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2020.102.2.207.

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Papa, Nicolás G., Cora Chalar, Nibia Berois, and María José Arezo. "Annual killifish: an approach to the choriogenins of Austrolebias charrua egg envelope." Environmental Biology of Fishes 102, no. 6 (April 25, 2019): 829–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-019-00861-y.

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Yamashita, Oscar Mitsuo, Danillo De La Queyferr Goncalves, Marco Antonio Camillo de Carvalho, Rivanildo Dallacort, Ricardo Adriano Felito, Aureane Cristina Teixeira Ferreira, and Adriano Maltezo da Rocha. "Water Restriction Affects Germination and Initial Sunflower Development." Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i3.16050.

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Sunflower is a crop of great economic interest both nationally and internationally, due to its use especially in oil production. However, factors such as water restriction are commonly found in growing areas and exert a negative influence on the productive performance of the crop, especially in critical periods, such as the germination and initial development of the seedlings. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the germinate behavior of seeds of sunflower cultivars as a function of lower osmotic potentials. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, in a 3x5 factorial scheme, three sunflower cultivars (Charrua, Nussol and Olisiun 4) and five osmotic potentials (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2 MPa) with 3 replicates. For the study, solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) were repaired. Rolls of paper towels were moistened with the concentrations and later kept in a germination chamber at 25 °C, where they remained for ten days. First counts (4th day) and total counts (10th day) were performed, and the germination rate (%) was verified. In addition, in the last evaluation, aerial and root length, green mass and dry mass of seedlings were determined. Based on the results obtained it can be verified that in osmotic potential higher than -0.8 MPa, no germination occurred. Nussol germinated more in more negative concentrations, with a germination rate of 90%, differing from the cultivars Charrua and Olisiun 4, which, in larger potentials, reached only 30% of germination.

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Ehrhold, A., S. Guillou, J. P. Auffret, T. Garlan, and K. Dan Nguyen. "Modélisation des flux sédimentaires charriés dans la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel (Manche, France)." Oceanologica Acta 26, no. 5-6 (November 2003): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-1784(03)00039-2.

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Donaldson, Bryan. "Le français vu du ciel: voyage illustré en langue française par by Marion Charreau." French Review 90, no. 4 (2017): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tfr.2017.0207.

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GÜNTHER, ALBERT. "10. CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BRITISH CHARRS. PART III." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 33, no. 1 (July 6, 2010): 698–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1865.tb02411.x.

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