Academic literature on the topic 'Chasse – Aspect social – France'
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Journal articles on the topic "Chasse – Aspect social – France"
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Araujo, Marcos Vinícius, Grégory Lo Monaco, and Kelly Lissandra Bruch. "Social Mobility and the Social Representation of Sparkling Wine in Brazil and France." Wine Economics and Policy 10, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/wep-8873.
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Wine is a social object, established in the Old World and later migrated to the New World. Champagne is an internationally important and famous French sparkling wine, significantly present worldwide. Brazil, a New-World wine producer, has a recent but expanding history of sparkling wine production and consumption. As to its social aspect, this product has different representations and roles in both these countries. Therefore, this study aims to understand how culture and social status influence the organization of social representations associated with sparkling wines in Brazil and France. Thus, we used the Social Representation approach, a theory of knowledge and communication. For content collection, we carried out a verbal association task. Two hundred and thirteen Brazilians and one hundred ninety-eight French participants provided the first four words which came to mind after hearing four inducted words. The verbal associations were categorized using semantic contextualization. Then, we performed a Correspondence Factor Analysis. The results supported our hypothesis that culture, social status, and social origins all influence social representations associated with sparkling wine, revealing this kind of wine to be a product of social distinction and affluence.
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Chamussy, Henri. "Postmodernisme et nouveaux espaces en France." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 41, no. 114 (April 12, 2005): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/022674ar.
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Dans les sociétés postindustrielles, les nouveaux modes de vie, caractérisés par la facilité des communications matérielles et immatérielles entraînent un rapport à l'espace radicalement nouveau. C'est cet aspect de la postmodernité (notion fort polysémique) qui intéresse les géographes. On peut se demander si la mondialisation, qui semble inhérente aux sociétés postindustrielles, n'entraîne pas, par choc en retour, des replis identitaires, des «reterritorialisations», des retours à des conceptions de l'organisation de l'espace qui semblaient disparues à jamais. En France, le retour du pays (un des concepts fondateurs de la géographie française) comme cadre spatial et social d'aménagement et de développement local, tel qu'il est prévu par la Loi d'orientation pour l'aménagement (1995) connaît un succès étonnant. Malgré de fortes ambiguïtés, c'est peut-être l'amorce d'une revitalisation de la vie locale, échappant à un découpage administratif que l'on croyait intangible.
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Panova, Liydmyla, Liliya Radchenko, Ernest Gramatskyy, Anatolii Kodynets, and Stanislav Pohrebniak. "Digitization in Law: International-Legal Aspect." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 69 (July 17, 2021): 547–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3969.34.
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Due to the development of the information society, countries face the task of effectively regulating the relevant social relations. The mechanisms of such regulation should correspond to the specifics of such relations. Digitization is one of the modern methods of legal regulation, which is the use of information technology at the state level. The existing scientific achievements on digitalization processes need constant improvement, which corresponds to the specifics of this field. The object of research is digitalization in law in the light of international experience. The article aims to study and analyze digitalization in law in the international legal aspect. The following methods were used during the study: systemic, systemic-functional, comparative, sociological, analysis, synthesis, analogy, observation, classification, and statistical analysis. The article analyzes the phenomenon of digitalization, identifies the main approaches to understanding it. On the example of international experience (such countries as France, Germany, Italy, Georgia, Greece, and Great Britain), the mechanisms of using digitalization in public administration are determined, the legal regulation of informatization is analyzed. Also, based on the study and analysis of doctrinal teachings of international information experience, it is proposed to improve the domestic legal mechanism to ensure the effective functioning of public relations.
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Khan, M. A. Muqtedar. "The Annual Convention of the Association of Muslim Social scientists." American Journal of Islam and Society 16, no. 4 (January 1, 1999): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v16i4.2094.
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The Annual Convention of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists(AMSS), was held at the Graduate School of Islamic and Social Sciencesin Leesburg, VA 29-31 October.By all accounts, this convention was a success and heralds a resurgenceof the Association. The convention generated an air of excitement andexpectations about the Association’s immediate future. Over 150 participantsattended and 70 presentations were made. In addition, the conventionwas graced by nine foreign scholars: two from India, one from Brunei, onefrom Malaysia, three from Canada, one from France, and one from Turkey.The Faruqi memorial lecture was delivered by AbdulHameedAbuSulayman, the president of the International Institute of IslamicThought (IIlT). He focused on the Muslim communities’ need to focus onthe intellectual development of children because it is an important aspect ofthe revival of the ummah. The keynote address at the banquet was given byTariq Ramadan a prominent Muslim social scientist and community leaderfrom France. His talk brought a Efreshing focus to what it means to be anengaged Western Muslim.In many ways this convention was a turning point in the history ofAMSS. Here, the old and the new met and had a meaningfid dialogue aboutthe direction of the Association. The convention also marked a change ofguard as many new and younger Muslim scholars, particularly graduatestudents, joined the board. Faizan Haq, a B.D. student at SUNY Buffalowas elected general secretary and is also in charge of the AMSS outreach ...
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Boureau, Alain. "Franck Mercier et Martine Ostorero L’énigme de la Vauderie de Lyon. Enquête sur l’essor de la chasse aux sorcières entre France et Empire (1430-1480) Florence, Sismel-Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2015, viii-463 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 74, no. 1 (March 2019): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ahss.2019.178.
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Katermina, Veronika, and Anna Gnedash. "Linguistic models of social and political communication in the online-space: cognitive and pragmatic aspect." SHS Web of Conferences 88 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208801003.
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The socio-political context of the «post-truth» era, conditioned by the digitalization of all spheres of life, transforms the network content, which forms the basis of network discourses and is the main source of information for the network society. As a result, network content is not simply determined by the categorical concepts of «fact» – «myth», but is completely transformed into the conceptual-categorical apparatus «fact» – «alternative fact», which is essentially informational speculation and leads to the development of destructive socio-political practices and distribution of fake online content. Based on a comprehensive analysis of network data (a methodology developed by the authors that combines theories and methodologies of several areas of scientific knowledge), linguistic models of social and political communication in the online-space were identified and described («Ali Juppe» in France, «Pizzagate» in the USA, «Migrantskidnappers» in India and Pakistan); the result of consumption of new linguo-pragmatic patterns («Allan Juppe – an accomplice of Islamic extremists»; «Don’t vote for Clinton, Vote for Trump» and the side pattern «Save children from pedophiles»; «Pakistani migrants pose a threat») by users of the online-space in the specified countries was investigated; the results of the models’ actions are given and the offline result of the consumption of these patterns is described. The research develops a new direction of linguistic science – network linguistics; consideration of new network models of communication (cognitive stereotypes and linguopragmatic patterns) in the online-space is the main genuine identifier of the discourse varieties formed offline that determine the further behavior (constructive and / or destructive) of the user both online and offline.
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Borisenko, Mariya K. "LINGUISTIC ASPECT OF CONTEMPORARY GENDER CHALLENGES IN THE FRENCH LANGUAGE." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Psychology. Pedagogics. Education, no. 3 (2020): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6398-2020-3-60-67.
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The article discusses the morphological features associated with the formation of feminine words to designate professions, ranks and positions. The change in the social status of a woman – a politician, public figure, government official, professional – in the fields confined to male representatives – requires adequate expression in the language. The need search correct forms that do not violate the traditional structure of the language is felt both by linguists and authorities of the country. Their acceptance or non-acceptance by the language depends on the reaction of the native speaker, the media, representatives of the Internet community. The author reviews the possibilities presented by the French language in the formation of the feminine nouns – suffix formation, epicenes. Issues related to the peculiarities of matching plural nouns are also considered. The article does not only deal with the situation in France, but also with what is being done in this direction in Geneva canton, in the French-speaking community of Belgium, in Quebec. The author found it interesting to dwell on some of the reasons that impede the entry of new forms into modern French. The conclusion contains some observations covering the period of the last two years, made on the basis of viewing media materials.
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Bruyneel, Anne-Violette, Juliette Beauviche, Benoit Caussé, and Kylie Walters. "Curriculum Development, Implementation, and Evaluation During the COVID-19 Confinement Period in France." Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12678/1089-313x.24.4.147.
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Since March 2020 Europe has faced the COVID-19 epidemic. General confinement measures imposed by governments have had a strong impact on cultural practices, including within dance schools. This article describes the actions implemented by the Dance Department of the Lyon National Conservatory of Music and Dance (CNSMDL, France) in order to ensure pedagogical continuity during the confinement period. The study focused on the 12 preparatory-year students in contemporary dance. Despite numerous constraints—primarily small workspaces, unstable Internet connections, and the difficulty of correcting technical dance moves at a distance—all students and teachers were able to maintain pedagogical follow-up through a series of constructed activities. Students appreciated the social aspect (the relationship with their teachers and fellow students) and day-structuring component of the scheduling. The online activities helped to avoid student isolation, and motivation seemed unaffected. While online exercises can never replace "in the flesh" dance classes, this crisis provided an opportunity to develop pedagogical innovations and tools that could be reused in face-to-face dance instruction in other contexts such as injuries and intermittent work conditions.
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McDougall, Mary Lynn. "Implementing Reform: Factory Inspectors on Labour Reform in France, 1892‑1900." Historical Papers 17, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030888ar.
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Résumé Les historiens plus anciens qui se sont penchés sur la question de la réforme sociale en France pendant la Troisième République ont surtout fait ressortir les buts avoués des réformateurs et les succès ou insuccès des mesures adoptées. En règle générale, ils jetaient un regard sympathique sur les réformateurs tout en déplorant l'évidente inadéquation des mesures prises. Plus récemment, d'autres historiens ont dégagé une image beaucoup moins élogieuse de ces réformateurs en démontrant que leurs recommandations représentaient souvent un moyen de contrôle social. De plus, ils ont établi — même s'ils se sont peu attardés à l'application des réformes — que les diverses lois mises en vigueur à l'époque ont modifié certains comportements sociaux tels la discipline au travail et l'éducation des enfants. Selon l'auteur, aucun des deux groupes, cependant, ne s'est préoccupé de l'aspect politique de la question, c'est-à-dire de la façon dont le processus politique a pu altérer tant la nature que l'application des réformes. Pour remédier à cette carence, il se penche sur cet aspect particulier des réformes sociales en France en analysant les débats parlementaires qui ont précédé la promulgation de la loi sur le travail du 2 novembre 1892 de même que les divers éléments de sa mise en oeuvre.
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Cintas, Caroline, YingFei Héliot, and Pierre-Antoine Sprimont. "Religious accommodation in France: decoding managers' behaviour." Employee Relations: The International Journal 43, no. 1 (September 23, 2020): 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-02-2020-0050.
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PurposeThis research aims to explain, in the secular French context, the intention of managers to accommodate religious expression at work (REW) when they are not obliged to do so. This paper seeks to understand the determinants of managerial positions on REW. Building on previous studies on how organisations and managers deal with religious expression, this research seeks to extend the evidence on this important aspect of managerial behaviour in relation to accommodating REW.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses were tested using a structural equation model based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in diversity management (N = 151 French managers). This method highlights attitudinal and organisational determinants favourable to the intent to accommodate.FindingsThe present research provides new insight by identifying two main direct factors affecting managers' accommodation, namely, organisational flexibility (flexible hours, autonomy) and perceived consequences (advantages, disadvantages) and one indirect factor, religiosity. In line with the contradictions within diversity management, the perceived consequences are ambivalent and highly context dependent. One issue to explore is that managers seek to deal with religious expression by making it invisible.Research limitations/implicationsIn the French context, the explanatory social norm might not be “religiosity” but rather “perceived secularity”. The authors recommend that future studies use qualitative methods with interviews and photo elicitation to extend this first study. Indeed, the complexity of the managerial position requires an in-depth understanding of managers' attitudes and behaviours with regard to religion. How do managers apply a common ground strategy and create unity despite differences? Is the desire to make arrangements invisible with a view to inclusive neutrality specific to France, or can it be generalised to managers in other countries? Does the intention to accommodate not essentially depend on the manager-employee relationship dynamic? This research raises questions for scholars about the relationship with the other and ethical managerial conduct.Practical implicationsFrance is a secular country where a debate is emerging on cases of discrimination due to REW. The results contribute to approaches to drafting company guidelines for managers and may help organisations anticipate the risks associated with REW. The discussion of the results reveals the importance of social norms in the sense of hypernorms (religiosity) and undoubtedly of secularism, nondiscrimination and gender equality in the decision-making process on accommodation. These inclusive norms should therefore be handled with care in the various guidelines that have been developed.Originality/valueREW is increasing but is a neglected dimension of diversity management. This study helps explore this new field by promoting an understanding of managers' intention to accommodate in a specific secular context.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chasse – Aspect social – France"
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Baticle, Christophe. "Les pratiques de chasse comme affirmations politiques du principe d'autochtonie : dimensions territoriales des luttes cynégétiques." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0023.
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Ce travail vise à interroger les pratiques cynégétiques, en particulier en France et tout spécialement en Picardie, comme formes d’expression du rapport à la territorialité. Au-delà, c’est le statut du local qui se pose comme enjeu pour les populations les plus en marge des “bénéfices” de la globalisation. Après ces premiers regards parfois très microsociologiques et ethnographiques, la troisième approche visera à élargir l’angle pour décrire statistiquement parlant les chasseurs de la Somme, soit 5 240 répondants sur approximativement 28 000 pratiquants. Cette assise quantitative permettra de mesurer la concrétude de ces relations aux territoires locaux. En un mot, si au terme de ce travail la formule l’homme est un lieu pour l’homme nous apparaît excessive, force est néanmoins de constater la prégnance des liens à la territorialité hyper localisée, en complément presque logique de la mondialisation. En chassant, la majeure partie des pratiquants semble à la recherche d’un temps perdu. C’est en ce sens que l’étude de la pratique cynégétique intéresse les sciences sociales pour comprendre les transformations de la société française, via les relations entretenues à la nature. Parce que la chasse constitue une forme de fait social total, sa compréhension détient une capacité heuristiqueThis work aims to examine hunting practices, particularly in France and especially in Picardy, as forms of expression of the relationship with territorial identity. Beyond this it is the status of local geographical identity which is set up as a point of rivalry for those populations which are, more than others, excluded from the “benefits” of globalisation. After these first sometimes rather microsociological and ethnographic viewpoints, the third approach will aim to widen the angle in order to describe, strategically speaking, the hunters of the Somme : that is to say 5,240 people who replied to us out of approximately 28,000 practisers of the sport. This quantitive base will make it possible to measure the concreteness of the relations with the local territories. In a word, if at the end of thie work, the formula “Man is a place for man” appears excessive to us, we must nevertheless admit the significance of the links to over-localised territoriality, as an almost logical complement of globalisation. The greater part of the practisers of hunting seem to be searching for a lost period of time. It is in this sense that the study of hunting activities interests the social sciences in order to understand the transformation of French society, via relations maintained with nature. Because hunting constitutes a form of total social fact (Marcel Mauss), its understanding takes on a pioneering capacity
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Raynal, Jean-Claude. "Pratiques cynégétiques, transformations territoriales et régulations sociales : vers la mise en place d'une gestion concertée des populations de sangliers dans le Sud de la France." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30034.
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Aujourd'hui, le sanglier est devenu une espèce qui recoupe les préoccupations de plusieurs catégories d'acteurs de l'espace rural. Dans de nombreuses régions et particulièrement dans le Sud de la France, l'activité cynégétique autour du sanglier est un phénomène nouveau, par son importance. Le sanglier est devenu la principale espèce chassée. La dynamique des populations de sangliers se traduit par un impact territorial aux effets socio-économiques multiples. La présence de sangliers mais également les pratiques cynégétiques peuvent être sources de confrontations sociales. Des conflits d'acteurs sont ainsi révélés autour du sanglier et des stratégies de régulation sont mises en œuvre. Le sanglier s'avère être une espèce qui illustre parfaitement les difficultés liées à la mise en place d'une gestion territorialisée dans un contexte de multi-usage de l'espace (coexistence entre activités économiques et de loisir). De fait, la connaissance de la répartition spatiale des populations de sangliers ainsi que de sa dynamique revêt une importance particulière dans la compréhension d'une gestion sociale des territoiresToday wild boars have become a species that concerns several groups of partners working in the rural environnement. In many areas and especially in the south of France, wild boar cynegetics is a new phenomenon due to its growth. Wild boars have become the main species that are hunted. The result of the wild boar population dynamics is having a territorial impact with various socio-economic effects. The presence of wild boars as well as hunting practices can give rise to social confrontation. Conflict between partners, about wild boars, have emerged and strategies in order to regulate them are being set-up. The wild boar is a species that clearly outlines the problems linked to setting-up space-related management within a multipurpose rural environnement (cohabitation of economic and leisure activities). In order to understand social land management it is very important to know the geographical distribution of the wild boar population as well as its dynamic
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Gigounoux, Alain. "Le sanglier - Chasses, maîtrise des populations et politiques publiques - Approche comparative depuis les confins du Périgord-Noir, du Quercy et du Haut-Agenais." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0067.
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Durant la seconde moitié du xxe siècle, la chasse a changé. D'une libre cueillette aléatoire du gibier, elle a été peu à peu dirigée vers des concepts de récolte modérément intrusive et vers la gestion de la faune sauvage. Caractérisant la chasse française, particulièrement lorsqu'elle est pratiquée traditionnellement, aux chiens courants, le jeu-duel avec le gibier a persisté, parfois avec difficulté. Longtemps peu abondant, le sanglier, comme tout le grand gibier de plaine, a observé une forte croissance démographique au cours des trente dernières années. Il engendre désormais de plus en plus de nuisances aux activités humaines. Alors que seuls les chasseurs régulent les sangliers, tout en assurant le financement de l'Administration de la chasse et l'indemnisation des dégâts à l'agriculture, leurs effectifs connaissent un déclin prononcé et continu. Les pouvoirs publics sont confrontés à un impératif de maîtrise des populations de sangliers. Afin d'optimiser l'efficacité des actions de chasse, les doctrines longuement enseignées et imposées au chasseur sont progressivement remises en cause au profit du rétablissement de techniques si longtemps bannies. Mus par une passion extraordinaire, les chasseurs, grâce à leur loisir, contribuent à l'intérêt public. Néanmoins, ils acceptent avec difficulté les objectifs qui leur sont fixés mais aussi et au-delà, la seconde révolution conceptuelle qui leur est imposée. Cultures cynégétiques, représentations symboliques, rapport au gibier, au sauvage et à la nature sous-tendent comme ils président à l'acte de chasse. Au risque d'hypothéquer les chances de réussite des nouvelles politiques publiques, il apparaît que ces dimensions fondatrices et essentielles doivent être prises en compte dans la promotion des mesures comme dans l'action normative conduites par cette Administration tripartite "sui generis" qui caractérise la chasse française, impliquant l'État, un établissement public dédié et les fédérations des chasseursIn the second half of the 20th century, hunting has changed. From a free random sampling of game, it has been orientated towards concepts of mildly intrusive wildlife harvest and management. Characterizing French hunting, in particular when practiced traditionally, with hounds, is that the dueling-play with the wild game has persisted, though with some difficulty. Having been scarce for a long period, wild boar, just as other lowland ungulates, experienced a strong demographic increase over the last three decades. The species nowadays causes harm to human activities which can be rather serious. And while only the hunters regulate wild boar population, contributing at the same time to the financing of the Hunting Administration and of the compensation of agricultural damages, their own numbers are in a clear and ongoing decline. Public authorities are confronted with the necessity to control wild boar populations. In order to optimize the efficacy of hunting activities, the rules submitted and imposed to the hunter are progressively put into question to the benefit of the return of techniques which had been barred much earlier. Moved by an extraordinary passion, hunters, through the practice of their leisure activity, make a contribution to the public interest. However, they do not eagerly accept the objectives which are set for them, nor the second conceptual revolution which is imposed on them. Representations, symbolism, the relationship with game, wildlife and nature are equally underlying in the hunters’ culture and way of thinking, and at the same time they do guide his actions and choices. With the risk to jeopardize the chances of success of the new public policies, it appears that these founding and essential dimensions of the hunting act need to be taken into consideration when promoting measures such as in the normative actions undertaken by the three-party Administration “sui generis” characterizing hunting in France, involving the State, a specific public establishment and the hunters’ federations
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Caillaud, Sabine. "Représentations sociales de l’écologie et pratiques individuelles : une étude comparative France – Allemagne." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20063.
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L’écologie s’est imposée comme un thème clef dans notre société moderne depuis les années 60 et interroge notre rapport à la nature. Néanmoins, l’écologie a trouvé un écho différent en France et en Allemagne dès l’apparition des premiers mouvements écologistes. L’objectif de cette étude est de saisir la manière dont la pensée sociale se représente l’écologie et la manière dont les pratiques individuelles prennent sens. L’approche théorique développée dans cette étude est celle des représentations sociales (RS), approche dialogique de la connaissance, envisageant le rôle du contexte socioculturel et historique dans la construction et le partage des RS. La comparaison France/Allemagne est utilisée afin d’éclairer le rôle de ce contexte. Une analyse documentaire permet de saisir certaines différences dans la manière dont l’écologie a été thématisé dans les deux pays. Le plan méthodologique qualitatif mis en place fonctionne sur le mode de la triangulation. Des entretiens, des focus groups et une analyse de presse ont été menés, et différentes méthodes d’analyse ont été mises à contribution. Les résultats permettent de dégager une structure représentationnelle reposant sur quatre thêmata, mobilisés de manière différentielle au niveau individuel, et rendant compte de la pensée sociale. De même, on observe une objectivation morale de l’écologie en Allemagne, avec un ancrage autour des risques globaux et des risques locaux. En France, l’écologie vient s’objectiver sur le mode du risque (économique, politique, sanitaire…) et donne lieu à des formes d’ancrage multiples qui renvoient à des inscriptions historiques variés du mouvement vert. Par ailleurs, les risques écologiques, et notamment le changement climatique, viennent s’ancrer, dans les deux pays, sur le mode de l’étrange, autour de l’idée d’une nature dénaturalisée qui constitue une menace pour l’identité. Dans ce contexte, les pratiques écologiques renvoient à des motifs variés. Elles prennent sens au sein d’un système représentationnel, dans une sphère interpersonnelle, mettant en jeu un Alter-ego en Allemagne et un Alter en FranceSince the 1960’s, ecology has become an important question for our modern societies to deal with. Yet ecology resonates differently in France and in Germany since the ecological movements first appeared. The aim of this study is to understand how social thinking represents ecology and how individual practices sense-making. The theoretical approach is the social representations (SR), which considers knowledge in a dialogical way and takes the role of the socio-cultural and historical context in the construction and the sharing of SR into account. The French/German comparison is used to highlight the role played by this context. A documents analysis gives some relevant elements about the way ecology is accepted in both countries. The qualitative methodological design is based on triangulation. Interviews, focus groups, and media analysis were conducted. Different kinds of methodological tools from Social Psychology were used. A representational structure based on four thêmata is derived from our results and shows the content and the processes of social representations. Moreover, at an individual level, some of these thêmata are preferred and structure daily knowledge. We also observed a moral objectification of ecology in Germany, with an anchoring on local and global risks. In France, ecology is objectified into risk (economical, political, health…) and anchoring categories are diverse. They refer to different evolutions of green movements in France. Moreover, in both countries, anchoring ecological risks, and particularly climate change, maintains strangeness through the idea of a denaturalized nature, which threatens the identity. Ecological practices are guided by different motives; nature’s protection is only of them. These practices are embedded in an interpersonal sphere; an Alter-ego emerged in Germany whereas in France it is an Alter
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Béquet, Gaëlle. "Innovation et patrimoine numérique dans trois bibliothèques nationales européennes (Bibliothèque nationale de France, British Library, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030169.
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L’analyse historique et sociologique de la mise en place des bibliothèques numériques dans trois institutions patrimoniales (Bibliothèque nationale de France, British Library, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek), sur une période allant de 1990 à 2011, montre la façon dont ces organisations, produisant et conservant un patrimoine physique, se sont transformées pour constituer et préserver un patrimoine numérique. La bibliothèque numérique est ici considérée de manière double, à la fois innovation technique et organisation. Elle est une innovation technique car elle est fondée sur un ensemble d’inventions (photographie numérique, serveurs web, internet, reconnaissance optique de caractères, métadonnées, etc…). Ces inventions sont combinées sous l’action de groupes de référence (chercheurs, bibliothécaires, informaticiens, éditeurs, pouvoirs publics, responsables marketing, mécènes, entreprises privées). Ces groupes peuvent être soit marginaux, soit inclus dans un réseau socio-technique spécifique qui contribue à la mise en place de la bibliothèque numérique. Cette dernière est un artefact technique qui évolue dans le temps, passant du stade d’objet-valise, caractérisé par une grande flexibilité interprétative, à celui d’objet-frontière, répondant aux besoins de tous les groupes de référence inclus dans le réseau. Une bibliothèque numérique est également une organisation, émanant de la bibliothèque physique, qui crée des services spécifiques chargés de contrôler les zones d’incertitude majeures que sont les techniques numériques et l’émergence de fournisseurs de contenus en ligne. Ceux-ci concurrencent les bibliothèques nationales dans la diffusion du patrimoine culturel. Les controverses entre acteurs sont les moments privilégiés où se dévoilent leurs positions face à l’artefact technique : la traduction est alors le moyen d’enrôler les membres du réseau socio-technique pour aboutir à la fixation provisoire de l’artefact. Le réseau socio-technique évolue dans le temps pour créer de nouvelles versions de l’artefactThe historical and sociological analysis of the setting up of digital libraries in three heritage institutions (Bibliothèque nationale de France, British Library, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek), from 1990 to 2011, shows how these organisations, which produce and preserve physical cultural heritage, have evolved to produce and preserve digital cultural heritage. The digital library has two aspects: it is a technological innovation and an organisation of its own. As a technological innovation, it is grounded on inventions such as digital photography, web servers, internet, optical character recognition, metadata…These inventions are combined by the action of reference groups (scholars, librarians, computer specialists, public administrations, sponsors, private companies). These groups are either marginal or included in a socio-technical network which creates the digital library. The latter is a technical artefact that evolves from a “suitcase-object” with great interpretive flexibility to a boundary object which satisfies the needs of reference groups taking part in the socio-technical network. A digital library is also an organisation, stemming from the physical library which creates specific departments in charge of controlling major uncertainty zones such as digital technologies and emerging online content providers. The latter compete with national libraries in the diffusion of cultural heritage. Controversies between actors are key moments when actors reveal their opinions concerning the technical artefact: translation is the means to enlist members of the socio-technical network to achieve the temporary closure of the artefact. The socio-technical network evolves with time to create new versions of the artefact
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Lagneau-Ymonet, Paul. "Entre le marché et l'Etat, les agents de change : une socio-histoire économique de l'intermédiation officielle à la bourse de Paris." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0110.
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Cette socio-histoire économique de la bourse de Paris et de ses intermédiaires officiels, les agents de change expose une analyse des rapports entre l'État et le marché: au coeur des affaires. Là où l'État a encore trop d'intérêt pour ne pas exercer un contrôle sous la forme d'une position privilégiée qu'il reconnaît de fait ou octroie de droit ; là où, déjà, des agents privés peuvent en obtenir l'avantageuse exploitation. La première partie. Analyse la logique de constitution du groupe des agents de change en corporation, au dix-neuvième siècle. La deuxième partie examine les effets de cette organisation corporative sur les façons de travailler des agents de change dans les années 1960-1970 pour repérer les conditions permissives de l'innovation. La troisième partie restitue les dynamiques internationales et macroéconomiques qui contribuent au regain des activités financières transnationales dès les années 1960 et à la restauration de la bourse comme l'une des institutions cardinales de l'économie française à l'aube des années 1980. La quatrième partie décrit les effets de la dérégulation financière sur les agents de change et leur organisation corporative au cours de cette décennie. La dernière partie documente la disparition de l'organisation corporative des agents de change. Au terme de cette thèse, il apparaît que l'économie de marchés financiers dérégulés qui émerge, en France, dans les années 1980 ne résout pas les ambiguïtés constitutives des activités boursières. Elles affectent trop l'intérêt général pour que l'État les abandonne tout à fait à des agents privés, mais la dérégulation financière et les privatisations sapent ses moyens de contrôleBetween the Market and the State: the Agents de Change. A Historical Economic-Sociology of the Official Stockbrokers at the Paris Stock Exchange. The doctoral dissertation offers a historical economic-sociology of the official stockbrokers at the Paris stock exchange -the agents de change, until their disappearance in 1988. This study gives us a revealing insight of the relations between the State and the market. Where the State still has major interests in monitoring financial intermediation, through legal or informal delegation of powers ; where private actors already thrive in exploiting de jure or de facto monopolistic positions. The first part of the dissertation analyses the constitution into a guild ("une corporation") of the official stockbrokers' group during the nineteenth century. The second part examines the results of this corporative organisation on the way the agents de change ran their businesses in the nineteen-sixties and nineteen-seventies. In so doing, the study reveals the prerequisite for entrepreneurship. The third part describes the international and macroeconomic dynamics which contributed in the new rise of transnational financial activities as early as the nineteen-sixties. At the dawn of the nineteen-eighties, in France, this combination of international as well as national trends lead, to the renewal of the Paris stock exchange as a crucial institution of French capitalism. The fourth part shows the effects of the financial deregulation on the agents de change and their guild. The fifth and last part documents the disappearance of the agents'guild 10 the late runeteen-eighties. By the end of the dissertation, it appears that deregulated financial markets have not reduced the very ambiguities of financial activities. Indeed financial activities still involve general interest too much for the State to abandon them to private agents. But deregulation and privatizations have dispossessed the State from its traditional means to monitor financial activities and their professionals
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Daniel, Laurent. "Des hommes, des lévriers et du sport : essai d'analyse de la survie uniquement irlandaise et contemporaine de l'ultime rationalisation d'une pratique cynégétique médiévale et britannique." Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20001.
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L'Irlande abrite un sport unique au monde, créé puis interdit en grande-bretagne. On lache en contrebas d'un champ clos, deux lévriers sur un lièvre entraîné à fuir vers l'extrémité supérieure où il peut trouver refuge. Les lévriers le rattrapent puis tentent de s'en emparer, et le plus méritant des deux est qualifié pour le tour suivant. Ce sport pose les problèmes de son adoption par les irlandais, et de sa survie contemporaine. En effet, la première partie montre qu'il s'agit de sublimation exclusivement britannique de l'agressivité guerrière conçue par les élites aristocratiques et marchandes du 16e siècle pour cautionner leur hégémonie sociale et politique, qui s'inscrit dans un processus de civilisation. La seconde partie montre que la version en espace clos, entre l'originel et les courses sur cynodrome, est un pur produit de la révolution commerciale du 19e siècle qui concentrait des comportements économiques, idéologiques et sociaux qui menaçaient le progressisme, sous-tendu par l'éthique puritaine. Sa disparition, avant qu'on l'interdit, prouve que les britanniques avaient intégré des normes comportementales que deux siècles de coercitions avaient imposées. La troisième partie propose quatre hypothèses pour rendre compte de la survie de ce sport d'un autre lieu et d'un autre temps : le faible degré d'industrialisation et d'urbanisation, qui n'imposait pas d'éradiquer les vices identifies en Grande-Bretagne ; l'histoire sociale, politique et économique du sport, particulièrement nationale. Au niveau individuel, ce travail fait l'hypothèse, toujours sur cet axe civilisateur, qu'il peut s'agir de sublimation cathartique de pulsions agressives et libidinales ou, inversement, de retour à une Irlande gaélique et authentique, sur un mode panthéiste violent exacerbe par le culte du sacrifice. La pratique témoignerait alors de ce grand écart irlandais entre passe glorieux et modernisme. Cette thèse pose enfin le problème du rapport du sport à la sociétéIreland is home to a sport unique the world over, created then banned by the British. Two greyhounds are slipped at one end of an enclosed field on a hare trained to run up field for his life. As the greyhounds are quicker they soon break the hare and try to kill her. The more meritorious of the two qualifies for the following round. This sport raises two questions, that of its adoption by the Irish and of its contemporary survival. The first part shows, indeed, that this sport is an exclusively British sublimation of war aggressiveness and a stage in the civilizing process devised by the 16th century aristocratic and merchant elites, to back their social and political hegemony. The second part shows how the artificial alternative is the outcome of the nineteenth century commercial revolution, in-between the original type and racing, and concentrated economic, ideological and social attitudes that imperilled puritan-based progressivism. Its demise, before it was banned, is evidence that the British had come to terms with the cast of mind forced upon them by two centuries of legal and cultural compulsion. The third part presents four hypotheses which may account for the survival of a sport of former times, out of its birthplace : the not-so-advanced level of industrialization and urbanization, which did not make it necessary yet to curb what was deemed as vices in Great Britain ; and the particularly 'national' social, political and economic history of the sport. At an individual level, this research hypothesizes, in the civilizing process there again, that it may either be the sublimation of aggression and sexual impulses, or, quite the opposite, a reversion to some authentic Gaelic Ireland, on a pantheistic and violent mode magnified by the cult of sacrifice. In the latter case it would bear witness to the typically Irish split between her glorious traditional past and modernity. Finally, this thesis raises questions regarding the link between sport and society
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Boucau, Jean-René. "La mobilisation des chasseurs en Aquitaine : 1989-1995." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR21009.
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Cette recherche est centrée sur le monde de la chasse en aquitaine et sa politisation. Elle s'articule en trois parties. La première, en donnant la parole aux chasseurs, tente du point de vue de la sociologie de l'expérience de mieux faire connaitre cette communauté, sa culture et ses difficultés. Elle montre notamment l'importance de la dimension culturelle de l'identité dans l'action collective ainsi que les différentes logiques qui sous-tendent l'engagement des acteurs. La seconde, sous l'angle de la sociologie de la mobilisation, s'intéresse à la constitution du mouvement chasse pêche nature traditions, aux différentes mobilisations et engagements électoraux qui ont eu lieu entre 1989 et 1995. Elle fait apparaitre la rupture existante entre base et élites dans le système représentatif français, rupture qui a précipité le passage au politique d'un groupe de pression. La troisième partie, dans une perspective socio-politique, tente de définir la nature d'un mouvement atypique qui révèle le malaise de la représentation démocratique. Forme particulière d'expression d'un groupe de pression, le mouvement des chasseurs évoque par certains traits le populisme. Il s'oppose sur des valeurs centrales aux mouvements écologistes, mais les rejoint sur certaines critiques relatives à la société moderne. Epiphénomène, ce mouvement met en lumière les symptômes du dysfonctionnement de notre société et révèle trois types d'enjeux : identitaire, politique et idéologique. Enjeu identitaire pour une minorité qui est en voie de disparition dans une société en mutation rapide et aux orientations plus économiques que sociales. Enjeu politique qui pose les problèmes de la place de la représentation nationale face à la communauté européenne, de la rupture de la chaine démocratique et de l'éloignement entre centres et périphéries. Enjeu idéologique où il est question de la place et des rapports de l'homme et de l'environnementThis research deals with hunting in Aquitaine. The text falls into three parts. The first describes the group, his culture and his problems. It shows the importance of cultural identity in collective behaviour. This first part is based on " sociologie de l'expérience ". The second part, through the sociology of mobilization, is about the movement " chasse pêche nature traditions " and his mobilizations. This movements reveals the breakdown between grassroot people and elected representatives in France. The third part defines the nature of hunter's movement. Alternative between lobby and populism, " chasse pêche nature traditions " is an " anti - new social movement". Epiphenomenon, this movement shows society's failure and reveals three stakes : - identity stake for an endangered minority in changing society, - political stake with the growing place of european community facing national representation and with democracy breakdown, - ideological stake for the place of man and environment
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Roulet, Pierre-Armand. ""Chasseur blanc, coeur noir" ? La chasse sportive en Afrique Centrale : une analyse de son rôle dans la conservation de la faune sauvage et le développement rural au travers des programmes de gestion de la chasse communautaire." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE1053.
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Cette thèse transdisciplinaire analyse le rôle de la chasse sportive dans les programmes de gestion participative de la faune sauvage en Afrique Centrale, plus particulièrement sur deux sites pilotes (nord RCA et sud-est Cameroun). Au cours du XXe siècle, la chasse sportive a vu ses pratiques évoluer fortement au travers de processus conjoints de "démocratisation", de professionnalisation et d'internationalisation de ses acteurs. Aujourd'hui, les sociétés de chasse peuvent jouer un rôle majeur dans la conservation, notamment en raison d'une emprise spatiale des zones cynégétiques conséquente, de prélèvements globalement soutenables et d'une bonne capacité de mise en défens du milieu naturel. Ce constat ne prend cependant tout son sens que lorsque leur activité s'insère dans des programmes associant Etat, projets et populations locales. L'analyse des techniques, des idéologies et des discours des guides de chasse puis de leur clientèle révèle l'antinomie de leurs conceptions du safari en même temps que la prégnance d'une nostalgie des chasses coloniales. On note aussi le fait surprenant que les "grands chasseurs blancs" s'insèrent souvent mieux dans les contextes socioculturels ruraux que d'autres acteurs exogènes. Enfin, si l'argumentaire économique qui présente la chasse sportive comme un outil pertinent des programmes de gestion participative de la faune sauvage reste valide, il est néanmoins essentiel de ne pas occulter les limites conceptuelles et techniques des modèles proposés ainsi que les véritables enjeux d'appropriation de la ressource et de l'espace qu'ils sous-entendentThe interdisciplinary thesis analyses the role of sport hunting in the programmes of participative management of wildlife in Central Africa, more particularly on two pilot sites (northern Central African Republic and south-east Cameroon). Over the course of the 20th century, sport hunting evolved greatly through the joint processes of "democratisation", professionalisation and internationalisation of its protagonists. These days, safari operators can play a major role in conservation, notably owing to their spatial control of sizeable cynegetic zones, globally sustainable harvesting and a sound capacity to look after and defend the natural environment. This statement can, however, only be fully appreciated when the activity of safari operators plays a part in programmes linking the state, specific projects and the local population. The analysis of the techniques, ideology and discourse of safari guides and those of their clients reveals the antinomy of their ideas of safari as well as the onset of a nostalgia for colonial hunting. We note also the surprising fact that the "great white hunters" often fit better into the rural socio-cultural context than do other non-indigenous protagonists. Finally, if the economic argument presenting sport hunting as a signifiant tool in programmes of participative management of wildlife remains valid, it is nevertheless essential not to overlook the conceptual and technical limits of the proposed models, as well as the very real stakes lying behind the appropriation of the land and resources
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Halgand, Nathalie. "Ethno-sociologie des clubs automobiles de prestige en France." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3032.
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Au-delà des apparences, les clubs automobiles de prestige en France sont des espaces culturels ouverts à un public hétérogène venu partager une même passion pour une même marque. Les membres, propriétaires ou sympathisants, se rassemblent autour des voitures ayant marqué l'histoire sociale. Leur caractère mythique est précieusement conservé par la pratique rituelle des sorties organisées par ces tribus modernes. Les clubmen préservent ce patrimoine immatériel lors des grands rassemblements au cours desquels ils réactualisent les événements ayant élevé l'automobile au rang d'Objet de prestige, d'Objet sacralisé. Le club est le mémorial de l'automobile ; il est, à la fois, l'espace de la dynamique de la pratique et de l'effusion passionnelle. Les souvenirs des événements liés aux automobiles et à l'enfance, que nous avons définis par l'ethos de la nostalgie, nourrissent cette passion qui est partagée, aussi, par les femmes, ces conductrices du troisième millénaire. Le rapport à l'Objet est de l'ordre de l'intime. Les clubs ont pour finalité de transmettre une culture automobilistique, mais aussi de conserver ce patrimoine industriel autour d'une pratique qu'est l'automobilismeFar beyond the appearances, the motor-car clubs of prestige in France are cultural spaces open to an heterogeneous public of fans, who come to share the same passion for an identical model. The participants, members or only followers, gather around cars that have marked the social history. The mythical character of those modern tribes is preciously maintained by the ritual habit of organizing runs out. The clubmen keep this non-material patrimony by means of huge gatherings during which they bring back the events that promoted the motor-car up to the rank of an Object of prestige, a sacralised Object. The club is the motor-car memorial; it is, altogether, the space for practicing dynamics and passionate bursts. The memory of events linked to motor-cars and childhood, witch we define as the custom "ethos" of nostalgy, feed their passion, also shared by women, the third millenium drivers. The relationship to the Object is an intimate one. The purpose of the clubs is to transmit a car culture, and also to preserve this industrial patrimony by means of a custom which consists in motoring
Books on the topic "Chasse – Aspect social – France"
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Hope, I. La Bretagne et la chasse : avec quelques remarques sur l'état de la France. Brest: Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique, Unité associée no 374 du CNRS, Université de Bretagne occidentale, 1994.
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Le terrain de chasse du roi: Les capitaineries royales de chasse en Île-de-France à la fin de l'Ancien Régime et sous la Révolution. Paris: Montbel, 2009.
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Le terrain de chasse du roi: Les capitaineries royales de chasse en Île-de-France à la fin de l'Ancien Régime et sous la Révolution. Paris: Montbel, 2009.
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Correction ou chatiment: Histoire des prisons en France au XIXe siècle. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1988.
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D'Angelo, Mario. Socio-économie de la musique en France: Diagnostic d'un système vulnérable. Paris: Documentation française, 1997.
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Manuel, Couvreur, ed. Le plaisir musical en France au XVIIe siècle. Sprimont: Mardaga, 2006.
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(1997), Rencontres Langevin-Wallon. Le plan Langevin-Wallon: Une utopie vivante : actes des Rencontres Langevin-Wallon, 6-7 juin 1997, organisées à l'initiative de La pensée. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1998.
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L' Ordinateur et après: 16 thématiques sur l'informatisation de la société. Montréal, Qué: Morin, 1988.
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Cros, Françoise. L' innovation à l'école: Forces et illusions. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1993.
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L' école et les tentations réactionnaires: Réformes et contre-réformes dans la France d'aujourd'hui. La Tour d'Aigues: Aube, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Chasse – Aspect social – France"
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Jarty, Julie, and Karina Batthyány. "Recent Evolutions of Gender, State Feminism and Care Models in Latin America and Europe." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 361–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_12.
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AbstractThis chapter presents and characterises the way in which, in the twenty-first century, after years of feminist struggles inside and outside of institutions, gender relations are organised in the different countries of the INCASI project (on the European side, Spain, Italy, Finland, France and the United Kingdom, on the side of the South American Southern Cone, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay). It pays special attention to the implementation of feminist issues on political agendas, and in particular the assignment of women to unpaid care work—an aspect of the power continuum that we look to relate to other aspects. Gradually and for almost a century all countries in both continents have granted women the status of subjects, citizens and employees. However, the conditions, challenges and timelines of this process differ considerably from one continent to another, so they need to be addressed separately. The neoliberal era did not have the same impact in Europe as it did in South America (nor was it exactly the same between particular European countries or among South American ones).
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Nuninger, Walter, and Jean-Marie Chatelet. "From Quality Assurance to Value Management to Improve Training and Increase All Actors' Competencies." In Impact of Economic Crisis on Education and the Next-Generation Workforce, 335–60. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9455-2.ch016.
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The construction of European Higher Education Area had urged the Higher Education providers to improve their operations for readability, trade and mutual recognition. The recent socio-economical phenomena had raised difficulties: a new and more constraint frame (funds reduction, greater profitability, autonomy of universities in France); evolution of the public's expectations symbolized by the “digital natives” (entirely connected urging instant satisfaction) and change of paradigm for actors facing complexity. These issues enhance the necessity of Quality Management for sustainability; by obligation or voluntary initiative, it is an opportunity to develop innovative trainings relying on the collective and intercultural skilled workforce. This paper shows how HE providers implement Quality Assurance; mainly focusing on organization. A feedback on trainings with distinct history will stress the operational aspect; bringing out good practices: trainers are customers too! Finally, a prospect will be done by focusing on social responsibility to involve the workforce in the process.
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"Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders: Demographic, Social, and Work Change Aspects in France." In International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors - 3 Volume Set, 2812–15. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849375477-552.
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"Cousin that’s not what you told me." In Stirring the Pot of Haitian History, edited by Mariana Past and Benjamin Hebblethwaite, 119–70. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800859678.003.0007.
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This final chapter opens with Toussaint Louverture in Santo Domingo in 1802, preoccupied with the possibility of a new French invasion. In February, General Leclerc invaded Cape Haitian in the north; Toussaint was captured by French troops and taken to France as prisoner. Although his demise occurred for various reasons, most problematic are the tactics he embraced during the period of 1793-1799, wherein he neglected the interests of the former enslaved people and instead allied himself with the upper class and military interests. The rallying cry of “freedom for all” for the population of the former French colony did not imply that formerly enslaved masses could enjoy autonomy or freely cultivate edible crops on their own properties. While not all rebel leaders fit into the same social category, they did have different interests than the former slaves. Trouillot reminds readers that a true revolution produces profound social changes, inverting the old social order; and thus formerly-enslaved people should have all become property owners. However, the competing revolutionary leaders (including Rigaud, Beauvais, and Toussaint) stunted this possibility, neglecting the needs of the poor majority. It was chiefly the economic aspect of independence that divided Toussaint from the masses. After taking control of the former colony, Toussaint imposed import and export taxes that benefited European countries and the United States instead of Haitians; U.S.-built warehouses popped up on the capital’s wharf, and Saint-Domingue remained economically dependent. The former slaves benefited in no way from growing the sugar, coffee or cotton that they were required to produce during Toussaint’s reign; they were punished for planting food crops. Worse still, Toussaint required that the ex-slaves “respect” the integrity of former plantations by staying and working on them, while he distributed free land to rebel officers. The idea of “freedom” thus lost its resonance amongst the masses. Although members of the State of Saint-Domingue and the ruling class gained economically, it was at the expense of the former enslaved workers. From this point, the behavior of the Haitian State was that of sitting heavily upon the new nation, since their economic and political interests were at odds with one another. A host of contradictions emerged: Dependence/ Independence, Plantations/Small Farms, Commodity/Food crops, White/Black, Mulatto/Black, Mulatto/White, Catholic/Vodou, and French/Creole. Although the Constitution of 1801 abolished slavery and supposedly “guaranteed freedom” to all, it reinforced these fundamental contradictions. The “Moyse Affair” in late 1801 illustrates Trouillot’s understanding of Toussaint’s betrayal of the Haitian people. Moyse, Toussaint’s adopted nephew, had populist political ideas that attracted the black masses. Fearing his potentially subversive ambitions, Toussaint had Moyse judged by a military commission that included Christophe, Vernet, and Pageaux. Moyse was condemned to death and executed, effectively crushing the interests of the masses. Throughout the Revolution Toussaint maintained power by crafting coalitions amongst a wide variety of social classes and competing interests. The dominance of the new military class was a social contradiction that had to be masked, and Toussaint’s actions showed a will to conceal it. Aspects of this problematic behavior and ideology have reappeared in Haiti under Dessalines, Christophe, Salomon, Estimé, Duvalier and others. Official discourse is grounded in several central notions that are easily manipulated by Haitian leaders: first, the notion of “family,” allowing the concealed dominance of one group and the privileging the organized Catholic religion; second, the idea that Haitians should “respect property”; and, the myth of nèg kapab (“capable people”) who possess an inherent right to govern and oppress the people. The political concept of “family,” common throughout Africa and countries with African descendants, was employed by Toussaint as a form of social control: throughout the revolution Toussaint refers to the new Haitian society as a family in order to advance his own “paternal” political objectives and conceal its many contradictions. The state—which his ideology came to epitomize—began to take advantage of the people; it was akin to a vèvè, a matrix holding society together, and a Gordian knot, where complex and twisted socio-economic contradictions favoring a certain class were inscribed. Although Toussaint was kidnapped by the invasion of Leclerc in 1802, this motivated the Haitian masses to stand up and fight for independence from France, which ultimately led to freedom. Thus, living up to the surname of “Louverture” that was given him, Toussaint indeed opened the barrier to independence and warrants appreciation for that. When one revisits the ideology of Toussaint Louverture, and concurrently that of the state of Saint-Domingue, one must not forget that, in spite of all its weaknesses, libèté jénéral (“freedom for all”, or “universal freedom” in today’s terms) was originally a powerful unifying factor, which merits recognition: it helped Toussaint’s troops defeat the British, crush Hédouville, etc. Toussaint was betrayed by plantation owners and French and American commissioners alike, and he always maintained some faith in France, even if the masses did not. Trouillot implies that Toussaint understood the direction in which he wanted to go, but he got lost on the way. To his credit, Toussaint’s experience demonstrated that liberty without political independence was a senseless notion, and others (such as Dessalines) were able to break with his approach and capitalize on this lesson. The book closes with Grinn Prominnin declaring that he is exhausted and that everyone must return to discuss the situation tomorrow to reach a conclusion. The scene remains peaceful, the people complacent. Trouillot suggests that, more than 170 years after the revolution, the task of bringing about real social change in Haiti—and seeing the ambitions of the Revolution fulfilled—remains starkly inert. Readers easily infer that Haiti’s stagnant socio-economic and political situation (in 1977) is due not only to the as yet unfulfilled promises of the Revolution and War for Independence, but also to the escalating damages wreaked upon the Haitian nation by the Duvalier regime and its manipulative cronyism coupled with its totalitarian indigenist ideology.
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Baldwin, Peter. "A Meeting of the Twain?" In The Narcissism of Minor Differences. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195391206.003.0017.
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So Where Does This Leave Us? There are, of course, differences between America and Europe. But in almost all cases, they are no greater, and oft en smaller, than the differences among European nations. The span of European circumstance is such that the United States tends to fall comfortably within it. Therefore, either no coherent Europe exists, or the United States is a European nation. Formulated in a more sensible way, the similarities across the North Atlantic are at least as salient as the divergences. Yes, there are differences between Europe and America: murder and incarceration rates, as well as gun ownership and, more arguably, relative poverty rates on the one hand; the strength of civil society, assimilatory abilities, and some aspects of religious belief on the other. Other differences are ones of degree rather than kind: social policy, taxation, labor regulation, inequality, environmental policies. Other much-remarked Atlantic divides can easily be exaggerated—the death penalty, for example. Popular opinion probably does not diverge across the Atlantic as much as official policy. A joint YouGov/Economist poll found almost identical responses between Americans and the British, with about one-fifth of respondents always in favor of death for murder and about the same number always opposed. The United States still enforces the death penalty, and most Americans support it under some circumstances. Yet, 12 states do not have it, and another five have not carried it out for the last 30 years. If we add those states that have executed only five or fewer people since 1976, we find that over half the states, in effect, do not have capital punishment. It could, in theory, be revoked tomorrow. Would America then be radically different? Did France change profoundly when it abolished the death penalty in 1981? Did the UK in 1998, Belgium in 1996, Spain in 1995, Italy in 1994, or Greece in 2004? Did they only then become truly European?
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Alter, Peter. "Playing with the Nation: Napoleon and the Culture of Nationalism." In Unity and Diversity in European Culture c.1800. British Academy, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263822.003.0005.
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In his time, Napoleon Bonaparte of France commanded the ideological environment which made nationalism grow and helped to turn the idea of the ‘nation’ into one of the most powerful political forces in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Napoleon's conquests, and the strong reactions they provoked in England, Spain, Germany, Poland, and Russia, intensified and diffused the civic ideas of national autonomy, unity, and identity across Europe and throughout Latin America. It is this aspect of Napoleon's historic impact which, more or less by accident, and only in a few instances deliberately, helped to spread a new political culture or, indeed, a new political cult whose origins can be traced back to the French Revolution. The new political culture which arose out of the Revolution focused on the concept of the democratic, sovereign nation as a novel political and social unit for the organisation of society. National aspirations turned against Napoleon and his rule over Europe, and helped substantially to bring him down, instead of lending him support in consolidating his overstretched empire.
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Crook, Malcolm. "Voting as a Subversive Activity." In How the French Learned to Vote, 177–202. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894786.003.0008.
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In the second round of the presidential elections of 2017, some four million French citizens went to the polls and spoiled their ballot papers, either by casting a blank vote, or adding comments which incur invalidation. This was an unprecedented example of a largely hidden, but entrenched aspect of voting in France which is now becoming more visible, not only on account of its increasing scale, but also because images of the practice are appearing on social media. It has been referred to as ‘civic abstention’, in so far as the voter visits the polling station, only to record negative verdict, since neither blank nor annotated ballots count towards the result. This behaviour has a long history, which indicates disaffection and represents a form of protest, not simply aimed at specific candidates, or the alternatives on offer in a referendum, but questioning the electoral process itself. The French have learned to subvert as well as support their culture of elections in order to express an opinion, or make an objection, which the system of representative democracy denies them.
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Morlino, Leonardo, and Francesco Raniolo. "Domestic Explanations: Inequalities." In Equality, Freedom, and Democracy, 110–55. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813873.003.0005.
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The most salient empirical results can be summed up in a few points. First, despite the complexities and necessary distinctions, the consensual democracies with coordinated economies tend to have redistributive policy solutions and to correct inequalities. Second, the salience of the migration issue derives either from the consequences of the economic crisis (Italy, Spain, and France) or from basic ideological orientations (Poland). Third, with the Great Recession, the presence of new parties and populist parties became a distinguishing aspect of our six countries. Greater dissatisfaction and the growth of the new protest parties pushed the incumbent leaders to be more responsive. Fourth, we distinguish between a revendicative populism (leftist or inclusionary) and an identitarian populism (rightist or exclusionary). Identitarian populism mainly prevailed in Poland—but has a specific salience also in other countries: from France, with the Front National, to Italy with the League of Salvini, the United Kingdom with UKIP and also with Boris Johnson, and, to a more limited extent, Germany with AfD, and lastly Spain with Vox. Revendicative populism became politically and electorally relevant where the economic crisis was felt most, as Southern European democracies. Fifth, the relationship between the vote of the left parties (moderate and radical) and the trend of inequality shows a rather random connection. It is possible to identify a few patterns in the six countries. Finally, the connection between protest movements and the related institutionalization is different from case to case, with Germany, the United Kingdom, and Poland, where there are no relevant social movements.
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O’Connor, Thomas. "The domestic and international roles of Irish overseas colleges, 1590–1800." In College Communities Abroad. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781784995140.003.0004.
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Like other Catholic communities under Protestant jurisdiction, the Irish, initially with Spanish assistance, provided itself with the means of educating at least some of its clergy and a small number of laity. Traditionally, the resulting Irish colleges’ network has been understood almost exclusively as the product of the religious reform of the sixteenth century and of the phased English conquest of the island. Unsurprisingly, this resulted in a narrow view of their significance. It concentrated largely on the priest-producing aspect of their activities, to the neglect of their social, economic and cultural roles. This narrowness of approach has been a concern for a new generation of historians. Conscious of the social function of these institutions, some have tried to reintegrate the colleges into comprehensive, source-based explorations of their originating and target communities. This is now yielding more satisfactory accounts of their significance. Of particular importance has been work on the various roles played by the colleges in facilitating Catholic migration to the continent and in maintaining a Catholic pastoral infrastructure in Ireland in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. More recent studies have revealed how the colleges’ role changed over time and varied geographically and socially. It is now becoming clear how much their continued existence depended on their capacity to respond to alterations in the geo-political contexts that originally brought them into being. The relative decline of Spain in the early seventeenth century, the dominance of France from the 1660s and, perhaps most importantly, the growth of the British Empire after the 1690s crucially influenced the nature and role of the colleges. So too did directives from continental hierarchies and from Rome, frequently issued in response to endless collegial infighting. Even more significant, however, was the rapidly changing economic and political status of the Catholic communities in Ireland, to which the colleges had been providing clergy, and other services, since the 1590s. In the second half of the eighteenth century the demands, needs and aspirations of the emergent Catholic interest in Ireland posed a challenge that eventually overawed college administrations. Although European secularization and the French Revolutionary Wars were the occasion for their closure, it was the altered relationship between Irish Catholics and the imperial government that rendered the traditional role of continental colleges redundant. With growing opportunities in the imperial armies, the European connection in general was relatively less important for Irish Catholics. At the same time, the freedom to establish domestic seminaries provided the Irish hierarchy with convenient alternatives to the continental colleges, which, even in their heyday, had often seemed more trouble that they were worth. Few continental colleges re-established themselves in the nineteenth century. Those that did were only shadows of their former selves.
Conference papers on the topic "Chasse – Aspect social – France"
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Smits, Aletta, Annette Schenk, and Lizet Van Ewijk. "Stealing their beer time: turning studying for medical progress tests into a social game." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10189.
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Because of the specific requirements of the medical profession, it is imperative that doctors-to-be have a wide range of knowledge at their fingertips. In order to facilitate this, most medical programmes employ some kind of overall ready-knowledge test: a test that is not connected to one specific course, but contains questions on all the facts and figures from all the courses in the entire curriculum. The test is generally administered four times a year to all students participating in the program. First year students are required to answer the same questions as fourth year students. However, for first year students the thresh hold for passing the exam is at a lower level.The aim of this progress test is threefold: (1) testing if the knowledge of students is up to par; (2) making sure that students understand that being a medical professional means continuing to have all the knowledge readily available at all times; and (3) changing the way students prepare for a test: not a big cramming session for one test the night before the test happens and then forget about it, but continuously working on keeping knowledge at an acceptable level. This last goal has, however, not been achieved. While students appreciate the test because of the sense of progress it provides them, in a Dutch study into its effects, students widely report that also for this test, they still prepare in cramming sessions. The result is still that the retention level of the ready knowledge is not at the level it should be.Since studies have extensively shown that students enjoy studying in a gamified process more, that they more easily get into 'a flow', and that the retention rates of knowledge acquired during a flow are higher, we propose to attempt to change the way the student prepare for the test by gamifying the process. Gamifying the process neatly matches a feeling of progress that facilitates the control students feel over their studying process and over mastering the material. Rather than losing points for not having questions correct, a student gains levels/XP/avatar strength whenever he/she masters a specific topic, or nails a series of questions on different topics within a specific time frame (‘challenge’), etc. The game mechanics and the design of the gaming world will be two important aspects of this project. A third important aspect will be the distribution of knowledge in the game and the way topics are brought up again, practiced again, or combined with other topics. The algorithm that lie at the basis of that need to be smart, adaptive and non-repetitive. A final important aspect of this process concerns the question of how to make playing this game part of the social life of students (battles on Friday afternoon for instance, or leader boards in the hallway).As mentioned above: Research indicates that gamification has a positive effect on retention and on commitment. If we then also manage to embed the game in a social setting, it can be truly called a “stealing their beer time”-type of intervention: moments that they would normally chill out and have a beer with their peers have now turned into moments where they still chill out, maybe still have a beer, but also study.We would like to share our ideas and invite partners of other programs (not necessarily medical) to join in our quest to build an overall knowledge assessment game in a modular way.
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Abramov, Valery, Valery Abramov, Christiane Schmullius, Christiane Schmullius, Marcel Urban, Marcel Urban, Mathieu Belbeoch, et al. "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DECISION SUPPORT IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITHIN COASTAL SYSTEMS OF RUSSIAN NORTHERN SEAS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT NATURAL RISKS AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315281310.
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Socio-economic development within coastal systems of the Russian Northern seas is an important component of the Strategy for development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) till 2020 (here and after AS-2020). When implementing AS-2020 important aspect is the management of natural risks. The planning horizon of AS-2020 requires the development of measures to adapt to climate change. Management of natural risks and adaptation to climate change require the development of innovative technologies for decision support based on the principles of geo-information management for spatial areas including marine planning. We present the results of research on the development of such technologies over the last years in the Arctic and Subarctic Institute at the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (ASI RSHU). During research we widely use the instruments of international cooperation. Platform https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Valery_Abramov2/?ev=hdr_xprf gave excellent opportunities to preliminary discussion and data exchange in the frame of this research. The Ministry of education and science of Russia provides financial support for this research with the state order 2525.2014/166.
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Abramov, Valery, Valery Abramov, Christiane Schmullius, Christiane Schmullius, Marcel Urban, Marcel Urban, Mathieu Belbeoch, et al. "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DECISION SUPPORT IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITHIN COASTAL SYSTEMS OF RUSSIAN NORTHERN SEAS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT NATURAL RISKS AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b94102833e3.03684649.
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Socio-economic development within coastal systems of the Russian Northern seas is an important component of the Strategy for development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) till 2020 (here and after AS-2020). When implementing AS-2020 important aspect is the management of natural risks. The planning horizon of AS-2020 requires the development of measures to adapt to climate change. Management of natural risks and adaptation to climate change require the development of innovative technologies for decision support based on the principles of geo-information management for spatial areas including marine planning. We present the results of research on the development of such technologies over the last years in the Arctic and Subarctic Institute at the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (ASI RSHU). During research we widely use the instruments of international cooperation. Platform https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Valery_Abramov2/?ev=hdr_xprf gave excellent opportunities to preliminary discussion and data exchange in the frame of this research. The Ministry of education and science of Russia provides financial support for this research with the state order 2525.2014/166.
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Q. Huynh, Minh, and Eraj Khatiwada. "Online Teaching With M-Learning Tools in the Midst of Covid-19: A Reflection Through Action Research." In InSITE 2021: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4761.
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Aim/Purpose: In the midst of COVID-19, classes are transitioned online. Instructors and students scramble for ways to adapt to this change. This paper shares an experience of one instructor in how he has gone through the adaptation. Background: This section provides a contextual background of online teaching. The instructor made use of M-learning to support his online teaching and adopted the UTAUT model to guide his interpretation of the phenomenon. Methodology: The methodology used in this study is action research through participant-observation. The instructor was able to look at his own practice in teaching and reflect on it through the lens of the UTAUT conceptual frame-work. Contribution: The results helped the instructor improve his practice and better under-stand his educational situations. From the narrative, others can adapt and use various apps and platforms as well as follow the processes to teach online. Findings: This study shares an experience of how one instructor had figured out ways to use M-learning tools to make the online teaching and learning more feasible and engaging. It points out ways that the instructor could connect meaningfully with his students through the various apps and plat-forms. Recommendations for Practitioners: The social aspects of learning are indispensable whether it takes place in person or online. Students need opportunities to connect socially; there-fore, instructors should try to optimize technology use to create such opportunities for conducive learning. Recommendations for Researchers: Quantitative studies using surveys or quasi-experiment methods should be the next step. Validated inventories with measures can be adopted and used in these studies. Statistical analysis can be applied to derive more objective findings. Impact on Society: Online teaching emerges as a solution for the delivery of education in the midst of COVID-19, but more studies are needed to overcome obstacles and barriers to both instructors and students. Future Research: Future studies should look at the obstacles that instructors encounter and the barriers with technology access and inequalities that students face in online classes. NOTE: This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 18, 173-193. Click DOWNLOAD PDF to download the published paper.