Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chasseurs-cueilleurs'
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Keller, Olivier Spanek Anne. "Le paléolithique & le monde des chasseurs-cueilleurs /." Paris : Vuibert, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392351691.
Full textGuyon, Frédérick. "Analyse des rapports pluriels à l'espace "naturel" : chasseurs, pêcheurs, cueilleurs." Strasbourg 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20046.
Full textOur research deals with the interaction between human beings and the space they are living in, particularly with reference to activities of predation or acquisition. Hunting, fishing and colleting of fruits in the contemporary French society are the main activities we analyse. The widespread picture of a uniformity of practices actually conceal the diversity of social patterns existing. Our data are principally based o interviews (68 peoples interviewed) and ethnological observations. The sociological analyses developed are both qualitative (case studies) and quantitative (statistical and factual). .
Iatropoulou, Calliope. "Chasse et societe : rites, imaginaire et organisation socio-territoriale chez les chasseurs-cueilleurs nomades." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0119.
Full textHunting and gatherting societies have inspired massive amounts of detailled descriptions among anthropologists. However, most of the works inspired by either evolutionism, marxism or cultural ecological theory have focused attention on processes of social and environmental adaptation and made almost no synthetic attempts to make sense of the systems of representations of hunters and gatherers. The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate that the social and territorialo organization of nomadic hunters and gatherers is not so much the result of an interaction between these peoples and their environmental conditions, but more the product of their systems of symbolic meaning. In our opinion, big game hunting and the symbolic meaning associated with it are central to the construction of value. The symbolic meanings related to big game hunting are a deciding factor in the definition of most of the institution of hunters and gatherers, in the attribution of roles and statutes to social individuals and in the definition of spce. But they make it possible to differentiate hunters and gatherers from small-scale agricultural and pastoral societies. The study of ritual is of major importance in the present thesis. We have, in fact, considered ritual as the principal tool for the construction of value, as the vehicle that imposes the choice of the relationship between humans and animals as the focus for cultural elaboration
Norström, Crister. "They call for us : strategies for securing autonomy among the Paliyans, hunter-gatherers of the Palni Hills, south India /." Stockholm : Department of social anthropology, Stockholm university, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39902635z.
Full textValentin, Boris. "Jalons pour une paléohistoire des derniers chasseurs : XIVe-VIe millénaire avant J.-C. /." Paris : Publications de la Sorbonne, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41363681k.
Full textBibliogr. p. 289-325. Notes bibliogr.
Martin, Hélène. "Nouveaux milieux, nouveaux chasseurs : une approche des comportements au post-glaciaire à travers l'étude des saisons de capture du gibier." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20017.
Full textThe study of cementum rings located on mammals dental roots allows to identify accurately the age and season corresponding to the death of the considered animals. Applied to the fossil remains found in the post - glacial prehistoric sites, this method will contribute to a better understanding of the strategies of new environment
Thorp, Carolyn R. "Hunter-gatherers and farmers : an enduring frontier in the Caledon Valley, South Africa /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372079972.
Full textBecker, Mark Steven. "Reconstructing prehistoric hunter-gatherer mobility patterns and the implications for the shift to sedentism : a perspective from the Near East /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertation Services, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39901278w.
Full textBeckmann, Madlena. "Pollenanalytische Untersuchung der Zeit der Jäger und Sammler und der ersten Bauern an zwei Lokalitäten des Zentralen Schweizer Mittellandes : Umwelt und erste Eingriffe des Menschen in die Vegetation vom Paläolithikum bis zum Jungneolithikum /." Berlin : J. Cramer, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40037988h.
Full textM'Hamdi, Mondher. "Chasseurs-cueilleurs acheuléens de la grotte du Lazaret UA 26, Nice, Alpes Maritimes : approche comportementale & analyse spatiale." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE2020.
Full textThis manuscript presents an overall study of behavior and lifestyle of Acheulean hunter gatherer groups from about 160,000 years ago, whose remains were found in the archaeological stratigraphic unit UA 26 of Lazaret cave in Nice (Maritime Alps). This occupation level was excavated between 2003 in 2006 over a surface of over 90 m², directed by Henry Lumley. The quality of the conservation and the abundance of the archaeological material from the different units of occupation make this site an important reference for research concerning the transitional period between the lower and the middle Paleolithic of Europe. Our research mainly concerned technical traditions, and subsistence behavior of Acheulean groups from the UA 26 and the type of occupation of Lazaret cave that occurred during the end of the middle Pleistocene. We analyzed the stone tool production and remains of large mammifers in order to determine precisely what activities were carried out in the cave during this period. The first results were complemented by an intra-site spatial analysis for which we developed an original methodology using GIS (the ArcGis program). Results obtained following upon this procedure, structured into several levels of interrogation concerning different domains (lithics, bone remains, combustion structures), showed a spatialization of activities of production/use of tools and of treatment of animal resources (here, principally of deer), an interesting result for the period under consideration. A study comparing these results with earlier data for UA 25, an adjacent occupation level published by H. De Lumley and his colleagues (2004), shows differences in spatial organization which corresponds to different modes of occupation of the cave according to the period (base camp for the UA 26, then a temporary encampment (hunting stop) for the UA 25). Beyond these conclusions concerning group organization and strategy of occupation of the territory and exploitation of the environment, this comparison between two occupation levels in the same site revealed a certain number of anthropological results concerning hunter-gatherers at the end of the lower Paleolithic
Samuelian, Nicolas. "Les chasseurs et cueilleurs du Natoufien final d'Eynan-Aïn Mallaha (Israël) : la structuration spatiale et fonctionnelle de leur habitat." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA01A507.
Full textPinto, Nolla María. "Recherches archéologiques dans le haut plateau de Bogota (Colombie) : le site Galindo." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010594.
Full textThe archaeological investigations of the pre-ceramic period on the high plain of cundinamarca and boyaca (colombia) have demonstrated that groups of hunters gatherers settled in this area in rock-shelters from 13000 b. P. Onwards. The excavation of Galindo, located on a natural terrace, allowed us to investigate the oldest open-air settlement of the preceramic period on the sabana de bogota. At this site, four successive periods of occupation can be distinguished, starting from 8745 b. P. The oldest two were of very short duration. Around 7735 the occupation of the terrace seems to be of a more stable character, but it was still seasonal. Towards 5000 b. P. The terrace was abandoned, to be resettled later by agriculturalists of the ceramic herreraperiod and more recent groups. The different occupants exploited the faunal resources that were typical of the area (deer, cavia and ducks). The lithic industry consists of one single technological system for the production of flakes and unifacial tools, without predetermination of the end-product. This technological tradition was used by the groups of hunters gatherers of the high plain from the beginnings of the pre-ceramic period until more recent times. It differs from another tradition found at some sites in colombia, where the stone toolkit consists of bifacials manufactured with predetermination
Thissen, Jürgen. "Jäger und Sammler : Paläolithikum und Mesolithikum im Gebiet des linken Niederrhein /." Köln : [S.n.], 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36994721g.
Full textInventaire des campagnes de fouilles de 1984 et 1985 ; publication complète prévue dans la série "Rheinische Ausgrabungen" du "Rheinisches Amt für Bodendenkmalpflege" Bibliogr. p. VIII-LV.
Guillaume, Henri. "Du miel au café, de l'ivoire à l'acajou : la colonisation de l'interfluve Sangha-Oubangui et l'évolution des rapports entre chasseurs-collecteurs pygmées Aka et agriculteurs, Centrafrique, Congo, 1880-1980 /." Louvain ; Paris ; Sterling (Va.) : Paris : Peeters ; SELAF, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388805199.
Full textLacarrière, Jessica. "Les ressources cynégétiques au Gravettien en France : acquisition et modalités d'exploitation des animaux durant la phase d'instabilité climatique précédant le dernier maximum glaciaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20050.
Full textThe Gravettian is a great cultural tradition of the Early Upper Palaeolithic, present throughout Europe starting from 33 000 cal BP. Its duration and its vast geographic distribution make it a complex entity to define, both in terms of the material culture and the dynamics that contributed to its preservation for almost 10 000 years. During this period, several successive climatic changes had an impact on the human and animal communities which are still difficult to apprehend. Despite unifying features (Gravette points, feminine statuettes), a strong regionalization is perceptible. In France, the renewal of studies on lithic and bone industries opens new perspectives of research. However, data on the archeozoological records are still fragmented and are seldom integrated into discussions. In this work, the archaeozoological study of four Gravettian sites was undertaken (les Bossats, Le Flageolet, La grotte du Renne and Roc de Combe). The results were compared with the existing data on Gravettian fauna coming from French deposits. The comparison of the faunal spectrum with other paleo-environemental data allows providing with a better assessment of the impact of some important climatic events, as well as their succession. Hunting strategies used for several taxa (reindeer, horse, bison) are diversified and take into account the seasonal movements of the preys. Carcasses treatment shows an intense exploitation of the animal resources. Together, this data gives perspective to their associated archaeological contexts (industry, habitat structure) and allows us to discuss the functions of the sites and the human mobility during this period
Huidobro, Marín Consuelo. "L'équipement lithique des chasseurs-cueilleurs maritimes de Patagonie australe pendant l'Holocène moyen : fabrication et utilisation des armes et des outils." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H021.
Full textThis work corresponds to a technological and functional study of the knapped lithic tool kit of the maritime hunter gatherers from Magallanes region between 6,000-3,500/3,000 BP. This period is characterised by several discontinuities, particularly in the lithic technology, that have led to the definition of two chrono-cultural unites. First, the so called “Englefield Culture” in the old period, characterised by an intensive exploitation of green obsidian. Then, the “Ponsonby Tradition”, in the middle period, which is defined by the absence of obsidian and the onset of big lanceolate bifacial points. The technological and functional analyses of the lithic tool kit of three archaeological sites, one associated to the old period and the other two related to the middle period, contributed to the evaluation of these technical discontinuities, which were seen in terms of human behaviour. The functional analysis required, in first place, of an analytic frame for applying the Traceology to the study context. This is because the canoeist groups exploited different lithic raw materials: obsidian, rhyolites, cinerites and metamorphic FGDR (Fine grain dark rocks). These raw materials respond in a different way to the use, therefore, their analysis implies methodological requirements and special interpretative possibilities. These particularities are evidenced in the description of the experimental use wear as well as in the results of the archaeological material analysis. In relation with the last ones, the analysis of the three sites yielded different results, and the data available for the contexts of the old period is more eloquent than the data of the middle period. This difference reveals a probable bias linked to the types of rocks used for the tool kit manufacture, and does not express necessarily human behaviour. Even though the bias presented above, the results of the functional analysis helped, in first place, to achieve a better understanding of the activities developed in each site (butchering, processing of skin, vegetable, bone and mineral materials). In second place, the data improved the definition of the lithic tool kit for every period, and allowed the discussion of some technical decisions in the manufacture chaine operatoires as well as the management behaviours of the tool kit. Finally, it was attempted to develop a diachronic comparison, discussing the changes and continuities in the composition and management of the lithic tool kit and stablishing the relationships with the manufacture and use chaine operatoires
Este trabajo corresponde a un estudio tecnológico y funcional del equipamiento lítico tallado de los cazadores recolectores marítimos de la región de Magallanes entre los 6.000-3500/3000 AP. Este periodo se caracteriza por varias discontinuidades, particularmente en la tecnología lítica, que han conducido a la definición de dos unidades crono-culturales. Primero, la llamada “Cultura Englefield” en el periodo antiguo, caracterizada por una explotación intensiva de la obsidiana verde. Luego, la “Tradición Ponsonby”, en el periodo medio, caracterizada por la ausencia de obsidiana y la aparición de grandes puntas bifaciales lanceoladas. El análisis tecnológico y funcional del equipamiento lítico de tres sitios arqueológicos, uno asociado al periodo antiguo y dos al periodo medio, permitió realizar aportes a la evaluación de estas discontinuidades técnicas, vistas en términos de comportamientos humanos. El análisis funcional requirió, en primer lugar, de un marco analítico para aplicar la traceología al contexto de estudio, ya que los grupos canoeros explotaron diferentes materias primas líticas: obsidianas, riolitas, cineritas y RGFO (Rocas de Grano Fino Oscuras) metamórficas. Estas materias primas reaccionan de forma diferente al uso, y su análisis implica requerimientos metodológicos y posibilidades interpretativas particulares. Esto se evidencia tanto en la descripción de huellas de uso experimentales como en los resultados del análisis del material arqueológico. Con respecto a estos últimos, el análisis de los tres sitios arrojó resultados de calidad diferente, y los datos disponibles para el sitio del periodo antiguo son más elocuentes que los de los sitios del periodo medio. Esto refleja probables sesgos asociados a los tipos de roca utilizados para la fabricación del equipamiento, y no necesariamente comportamientos humanos. A pesar de estos sesgos, los resultados del análisis funcional sirvieron en primer lugar para lograr una mejor comprensión de las actividades realizadas en cada sitio (carnicería, trabajo de piel, de materias vegetales, óseas y minerales…). En segundo lugar, los datos permitieron realizar una mejor definición del equipamiento lítico para cada periodo, así como discutir algunas elecciones técnicas en las cadenas operativas de fabricación y los comportamientos de gestión del instrumental lítico. Finalmente, se intentó realizar una comparación diacrónica, discutiendo los cambios y continuidades en la composición y gestión del equipamiento lítico y estableciendo relaciones con las cadenas operativas de fabricación y uso
Touzé, Olivier. "D'une tradition à l'autre, les débuts de la période gravettienne : trajectoire technique des sociétés de chasseurs-cueilleurs d'Europe nord-occidentale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H101.
Full textThe models proposed to account for the emergence of the Gravettian are traditionally based on data from Central Europe and south-western France. Often perceived as being located on the edge of Gravettian territories, north-western Europe does not generally contribute to these debates. However, this geographical area now offers documentation for investing such a topic. Based on a technological analysis of lithic assemblages from the sites of Ormesson - Les Bossats (Seine-et-Marne, France), Flagy - Belle Fontaine (Seine-et-Marne, France), Maisières-Canal (Province of Hainaut, Belgium) and Station de Hermitage (Province of Liege, Belgium), we will examine the evolution of the lithic technical system in this region between approximately 28,000 and 26,000 BP. The recognition of an original technical entity, that preceded the first Gravettian assemblages and developed exclusively in north-western Europe, will throw a particular light on the way the technical traditions related to the Gravettian were acquired in this region. In doing so, we will try to reconstruct some fragments of the paleohistory of the societies belonging to this particular period, during which they experienced profound changes recorded throughout Europe
Modellen over de opkomst van het Gravettian zijn traditioneel gebaseerd op gegevens afkomstig van Midden-en Zuidwest-Frankrijk, waarbij de gevens uit Noordwest-Europa over het algemeen achterwege blijven, gezien deze regio wordt beschouwd al een grensgebied van het Gravettian. De regio beschikt tegenwoordig over gegevens die wel toelaten om dit onderwerp te onderzoeken. Hier onderzoeken we de evolutie van het lithische technische systeem in deze regio tussen ongeveer 28.000 en 26.000 BP op basis van een technologische analyse van lithische assemblages afkomstig van de sites van Ormesson - Les Bossats (Seine-et-Marne, Frankrijk), Flagy - Belle Fontaine (Seine-et-Marne, Frankrijk), Maisières-Canal (Provincie Henegouwen, België) en het Hermitage Station (Provincie de Luik, België). De identificatie van een originele technische entiteit, voorafgaand aan de eerste gravettische ensembles en dewelke zich uitsluitend ontwikkeld in het noordwesten van Europa, laten ons toe om een specifiek regionaal licht te werpen op de adoptie van de technische tradities gerelateerd aan het Gravettian. Op basis hiervan proberen we enkele fragmenten uit de paleogeschiedenis van deze samenlevingen te reconstrueren, een periode waarbij ingrijpende veranderingen hebben plaatsgevonden op schaal van het gehele Europese grondgebied
Bestehende Modelle zur Entwicklung des Gravettiens beruhen traditionellerweise auf Angaben aus Zentraleuropa und dem Südwesten Frankreichs. Der Nordwesten Europas wurde im Vergleich eher als ein Randgebiet des Gravettiens wahrgenommen und erhielt folglich nur geringe Aufmerksamkeit. Heute verfügt dieses Gebiet allerdings über umfassendes Untersuchungsmaterial, das eine Studie dieses Themenfeldes ermöglicht. Mittels einer technologischen Untersuchung lithischer Inventare der Fundplätze von Ormesson - Les Bossats (Seine-et-Marne, Frankreich), Flagy - Belle Fontaine (Seine-et-Marne, Frankreich), Maisières-Canal (Provinz Hennegau, Belgien) und der Station de l‘Hermitage (Provinz de Lüttich, Belgien), untersuchen wir die technologische Entwicklung der Steinartefakte in diesem Gebiet zwischen 28 000 und 26 000 v. Chr. Die Erkennung eines technisch einheitlichen Ursprungs, der sich vor den ersten Gravettien-Beständen und innerhalb des Nordwestens Europas entwickelt hat, bietet einen besonderen regionalen Blickwinkel auf die Übernahme der technologischen Traditionen, die dem Gravettien zugeordnet werden. So werden wir versuchen einzelne Fragmente paläohistorischer Gesellschaften aus einem Zeitraum zu rekonstruieren, in dem im gesamten europäischen Gebiet tiefgreifende Veränderungen aufgezeichnet wurden
Lacarrière, Jessica. "Les ressources cynégétiques au Gravettien en France : acquisition et modalités d'exploitation des animaux durant la phase d'instabilité climatique précédant le dernier maximum glaciaire." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20050/document.
Full textThe Gravettian is a great cultural tradition of the Early Upper Palaeolithic, present throughout Europe starting from 33 000 cal BP. Its duration and its vast geographic distribution make it a complex entity to define, both in terms of the material culture and the dynamics that contributed to its preservation for almost 10 000 years. During this period, several successive climatic changes had an impact on the human and animal communities which are still difficult to apprehend. Despite unifying features (Gravette points, feminine statuettes), a strong regionalization is perceptible. In France, the renewal of studies on lithic and bone industries opens new perspectives of research. However, data on the archeozoological records are still fragmented and are seldom integrated into discussions. In this work, the archaeozoological study of four Gravettian sites was undertaken (les Bossats, Le Flageolet, La grotte du Renne and Roc de Combe). The results were compared with the existing data on Gravettian fauna coming from French deposits. The comparison of the faunal spectrum with other paleo-environemental data allows providing with a better assessment of the impact of some important climatic events, as well as their succession. Hunting strategies used for several taxa (reindeer, horse, bison) are diversified and take into account the seasonal movements of the preys. Carcasses treatment shows an intense exploitation of the animal resources. Together, this data gives perspective to their associated archaeological contexts (industry, habitat structure) and allows us to discuss the functions of the sites and the human mobility during this period
Forsberg, Lars L. "Site variability and settement patterns : an analysis of the hunter-gatherer settlement in the Lule River Valley, 1500 B.C.-B.C.(A.D) /." Umeå : University of Umeå, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366809789.
Full textGourichon, Lionel Stordeur Danielle. "Faune et saisonnalité l'organisation temporelle des activités de subsistance dans l'Epipaléothique et le Néolithique précéramique du Levant nord (Syrie) /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2004. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/gourichon_l.
Full textBoedhihartono, Agli Klintuni. "Dilemme à Malinau, Bornéo, être ou ne pas être un chasseur-cueilleur Punan : évolution et transformation d'une communauté de chasseurs-cueilleurs." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070023.
Full textThe Punan, a community of hunter-gatherers, lives in the island of Borneo, one of the remaining important forest areas on earth for its biodiversity. Nature and culture change with time. In the isolated area of Malinau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, the Punan Tubu and Punan Malinau manage the transformation to a modern life and have the desire to appear like others whom they consider to be more "advanced". They have an ideal vision of "modern" man, holder of power, without realizing the importance of their own cultural heritage. Disappearance of traditional knowledge, customs and a weakening cultural identity accompany development programme and its rapid "progress". Directly dependant to this rich environment, the indigenous population is constraint to change its way of life. The transformation of this sociocultural, economical, political and ecological environment due to settling process, is difficult
De, stefanis Cristina. "Systèmes techniques des derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs et des premiers agro-pasteurs du domaine liguro-provençal (7000-5500 av. J.C) : approche fonctionnelle." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR2012.
Full textThe coexistence of the last hunter-gatherers and the first farmers in the Liguro-Provencal arcbetween 7000 and 5000 B.C. generates questions about the nature of their interactions. Colonization and acculturation are the two main models used to explain the phenomenon of Neolithisation.In the northwestern Mediterranean area, this is the result of successive techno-culturalevolutions which are manifested in the form of an arrhythmic diffusion. These societies whichbelonged to the late Mesolithic Castelnovian techno-complex and the early Neolithic Impresso-Cardial complex, respectively, did not occupy the same sites but could have exploited thesame lithic resources.Our understanding of this moment of transition is based on the interdisciplinary investigation offive sites including Mourre-de-Sève, la Font-aux-Pigeons, Monte Frignone, Arene Candide andPendimoun that allowed for a precise characterization of the chrono-cultural, economic and environmental contexts. Certain sites illustrate the variety of biotypes exploited during the Mesolithic, while the remaining sites illuminate the first attestations of a Neolithic economic model for the region.It is by means of a functional approach to lithic production systems that combines low and highmagnification (binocular magnifier and microscope) of use-wear traces on tools, that we canaccess the technical universe of each of these groups. The results concern the lithic and ceramicproduction, as well as the hunting and agricultural behaviors of these populations.The characterization of the functional spectra, the resources exploited and the processing techniques clarifies the function of each of these sites and the modalities of territorial managementof these two techno-complexes. In the context of the Impresso-Cardial cultural complex, weidentify elements of continuity with the first agro-pastoralists of southern Italy and especially inwhat concerns projectile use and harvesting techniques. The study of several occupation of thiscultural complex demonstrates an evolution in bone working techniques and the appearance ofnew practices such as the use of lithic industries for ceramic fabrication. There is no evidence forNeolithic material influence on the Castelnovian culture, while in the Impresso-Cardial complex,a strong convergence is indicated through the cultural transfer of Mesolithic traditions includingthe typology and use of projectiles as well as tools used for plant processing. Continued researchon the entire period of Neolithisation is needed in order to understand the profound causes ofthis significant economic and social transformation
Bridault, Anne. "Les économies de chasse épipaléolithiques et mésolithiques dans le nord et l'est de la France." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100124.
Full textIn western Europe, between 12000 and 6500 bp, hunters-gatherers societies have gone through a succession of environnemental transformations. The consequences of these transormations on their living conditions are interpreted in very opposite ways. From an anthoropological wiewpoint, this research work takes a close look at the two antaonistic models that win aggreement for the status of these periods : economies of scarcity or affluent economies. Save the economic context, we analyuse the "chaine operatoire" of the predation (all the processes from procurement of animals until bones are discarded) to understand the economic decisions. The results are based on an archaeozoological analysis of twenty faunal assemblages, and on the analysis of a supra-reginal bibliographic database. Betwwen 12000 and 6500 bp no chronological broad spectrum evolution neither a chronological diversification of the subsistance can be attested in these regions. Hunters used to rely on the highest ranked preys (red deer and wild boar). Similarly they chose to exploit principally few biotopes : open forests and clearings. During the mesolithic hunting strategies were well differentiated : a high risk adult red deer hunting, a less selective and less risky wild boar hunting, and a more opportunistic small game predation. Other analysis suggest the the existence of hinting camps
Ngima, Mawoung Godefroy. "Le système alimentaire des groupes pygmées Bakola de Campo (sud-ouest du Cameroun)." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H093.
Full textThis work aims not only at describing and analyzing the food system of the Bakola in the campo region exclusively in relation with the Mvae, Yassa, Mabea and Bulu peoples, but also and above all at establishing relationships between known products that are effectively consumed and natural food items available in the forest. The first and second parts of the work which deal with material culture and its representations, and the foodstuffs consumed constitute its main element. The numerous ways in which pygmies conceive food through food, forest and soil interdicts have made it possible for us to better understand the life of these hunters-gatherers who are most often misunderstood by their neighbors and all other people. Food consumed and the acquisition thereof are proof of our people's dynamism and encourage inter-tribal exchanges. Though unbalanced, these relationships have made possible the establishment of new more intimate and human links between the hunter-gatherer Bakola and the neighboring farmers. The last part is an account of the effects of food (acquired, produced and consumed) on the life of the pygmy (morphology, health and behavior), and its various perspectives which enable a qualitative and quantitative improvement of foodstuffs
Ebert, David. "Predictive modeling and the ecology of hunter-gatherers of the boreal forest of Manitoba /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391866445.
Full textCordero, José Agustín. "Exploitation animale durant l'holocène au nord ouest de la Patagonie argentine : changements climatiques et transformations du comportement humain : une première approche." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S040.
Full textThis thesis is primarily organized around archaeozoological and organic chemistry data to contribute to understanding the social conditions of existence of hunter-gatherers who lived in northwestern Patagonia during the Holocene. To the taxonomic and anatomical identification of skeletal remains from several sites we add the studies of organic chemistry on soil to build a taphonomic history of Traful I cave, along with the data of scanning electron microscopy to identify the processes who affected the assemblage of bones. Based on isotope fatty acids data on soil and Lama guanicoe´s bone fat of Traful I cave, we propose a regional scale paleoclimatic sequence, from which we derive some hypotheses. In addition, chemical analysis of residues in potsherds from various sites in the study area showed the use of ceramics for both deferred consumption of meat and vegetable cooking, the latter cannot be consumed without being processed in some way previously. The analysis of taxonomic and anatomical abundance of assemblages bone determined important economically species exploited by hunter-gatherers throughout the Holocene. This behavior varied along the sequence
Philibert, Sylvie. "Les derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs du Sud de la France : approche des systèmes techno-économiques par l'analyse fonctionnelle d'industries de pierre taillée épipaléolithiques et mésolithiques." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA050.
Full textJoly, Delphine. "Étude de la gestion du combustible osseux et végétal dans les stratégies adaptatives des chasseurs-cueilleurs et des groupes agro-pastoraux d'Argentine durant l'Holocène." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S099.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of wood and bone fuel management in different examples of archaeological sites of the Holocene, in Argentina. On the one hand, we developed an ethnoarchaeological and experimental approach completed by a charcoal anthracological analysis, a description of burnt bones, physical and chemical analyses (SEM, CHN-RC, X-ray diffraction) and characterisation of Puna fuelwood properties (moisture and ash). On the other hand, we carried out the study of fuel residues (charcoal and burnt bones) from archaeological occupations of hunter-gatherers groups of the Pampa and Puna and agro-pastoral groups of the Puna. We were able to make different assumptions on fuel management in these groups linked to the type of society, the site functionality, the type of fuel and the environment
Merzoug, Souhila. "Comportements de subsistance des Ibéromaurusiens d'après l'analyse archéozoologique des mammifères des sites de Tamar Hat, Taza 1 et Columnata (Algérie)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0047.
Full textA new prehistoric culture, the Iberomaurusian, emerged at the 22nd millennium. It spread in the North of Africa and was organized around an industrial complex based on the production of bladelets. For a better comprehension of the subsistence behaviours of these prehistoric men, we carried out a zooarchaeological study from three Iberomaurusian sites of Algeria. We showed some analogies in hunting strategies: selective hunting of the most abundant local game (the Barbary sheep in the mountains and the Hartebeest in grasslands). Other taxa were occasionnally consumed. The intensive bone fracturing indicates complete carcass exploitation. Moreover, there were recurrent butchery techniques on the three Algerian sites which existed over a long period. Therefore, it may show that the Iberomaurusians belong to a cultural group that lived on a perfectly exploited territory and whose behaviour reveals shared traditions
Gardeisen, Armelle. "Restes fauniques et stratégies de chasse dans le Pléistocène supérieur de la grotte ouest du Portel (Ariège, France)." Montpellier 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON30002.
Full textWe have analyzed of 87054 bones and teeth of the west cave at Le Portel, focusing on the geochemical conditions of preservation and fossilization. In order of importance, we have identified 21 species, among the large herbivore community Rangifer tarandus, Equus caballus germanicus, Bison priscus, Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus, Capra pyrenaica, Rupicapra rupicapra, Megaloceros giganteus, Coelodonta antiquitatis, Mammuthus primigenius, Sus scrofa (large herbivore community) and Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes, Crocuta crocuta spelaea, Ursus spelaeus, Meles mels, Martes martes, Mustela putorius, Panthera (leo) spelaea, Lynx lynx, Felix sylvestris. It is possible to predict that the environmental conditions under which the large mammal community existed was an arcticor cold open biotope (steppe,toundra). The archaezoological analysis provide data on the hunting strategies and reveal an opportunistic behavior of the neandertal man. Nevertheless, the exploitation of the main ongulates (reindeer, horse, bison, red deer) shows a selective pattern in the hunting strategy by the sex and age composition of species samples. Le portel may have been a strategic hunting location where a multicomponent site has been formed, producing evidence for many episods of killing and butching leading to the early Wurm (upper Pleistocene, isotopic stage 6-3)
Enloe, James Gordon. "Subsistence organization in the Upper Paleolithic : carcass refitting and food sharing at Pincevent /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertation services, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39090469j.
Full textVisentin, Davide. "Sauveterrian hunter-gatherers in Northern Italy and Southern France : evolution and dynamics of lithic technical systems." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20024/document.
Full textThe Sauveterrian represents one of the main cultural aspects of the European Early Mesolithic. It was at first identified and described in southern France during the 1920ies. Following the discovery of similar lithic assemblages in north-eastern Italy (Adige Valley), during the 1970ies it was proposed that this culture had developed over a large territory whose central areas are represented by southern France and northern Italy. The presumed uniformity of this complex was based, in particular, on the presence in both regions of needle-like backed points (Sauveterre points) and triangular microliths. In the following years a first typological attempt to verify the actual homogeneity of the Early Mesolithic of this region arose some doubts regarding the appropriateness of this unification. Following this line of research the main aim of this work was, thus, to question and verify this association, by applying a broad technological approach to the study of the lithic assemblages belonging to 23 stratigraphic contexts from 12 French and Italian reference sites. More specifically these assemblages were investigated with the aim of reconstructing the entire reduction sequences, from the procurement of lithic raw materials to the use and discard of tools. Different analytical techniques were thus combined in order to understand and characterize the Sauveterrian assemblages from different and complementary viewpoints. Besides, the evaluation of the uniformity of the Sauveterrian complex in its central area with respect to the neighbouring cultural groups, allowed tentatively approaching the investigation of the very nature of western European Early Mesolithic
Visentin, Davide. "Sauveterrian hunter-gatherers in Northern Italy and Southern France : evolution and dynamics of lithic technical systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20024.
Full textThe Sauveterrian represents one of the main cultural aspects of the European Early Mesolithic. It was at first identified and described in southern France during the 1920ies. Following the discovery of similar lithic assemblages in north-eastern Italy (Adige Valley), during the 1970ies it was proposed that this culture had developed over a large territory whose central areas are represented by southern France and northern Italy. The presumed uniformity of this complex was based, in particular, on the presence in both regions of needle-like backed points (Sauveterre points) and triangular microliths. In the following years a first typological attempt to verify the actual homogeneity of the Early Mesolithic of this region arose some doubts regarding the appropriateness of this unification. Following this line of research the main aim of this work was, thus, to question and verify this association, by applying a broad technological approach to the study of the lithic assemblages belonging to 23 stratigraphic contexts from 12 French and Italian reference sites. More specifically these assemblages were investigated with the aim of reconstructing the entire reduction sequences, from the procurement of lithic raw materials to the use and discard of tools. Different analytical techniques were thus combined in order to understand and characterize the Sauveterrian assemblages from different and complementary viewpoints. Besides, the evaluation of the uniformity of the Sauveterrian complex in its central area with respect to the neighbouring cultural groups, allowed tentatively approaching the investigation of the very nature of western European Early Mesolithic
Féblot-Augustins, Jehanne. "La circulation des matières premières lithiques au paléolithique : synthèse des données, perspectives comportementales." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100186.
Full textBased on bibliographical data, this comprehensive research bearing on raw material transport and territorial exploitation patterns spans the archaic and lower Paleolithic of Africa and the whole of the western and central European Paleolithic. Behavioral perspectives are developed with reference to technology in relation to procurement distances. The question addressed through the study of raw material distribution is basically that of man's dealings with space over two million years. Is examined from two complementary viewpoints: that of diachronic change and that of synchronic variability. Evidence points to change within a continuum, a definite speeding up in the pace of change occurring across the middle upper Paleolithic divide. From the synchronic viewpoint of variability, a major result is the existence of a very significant relation between scale of mobility and increasing continentally. This brings to light the influence of environment on overall subsistence strategies. At the same time, the techno economic consistency within each period, irrespective of the environmental context, suggests the existence among contemporary groups of a shared conception of the constraints involved by their technical culture
Rillardon, Maryline. "ENVIRONNEMENT ET SUBSISTANCE DES DERNIERS CHASSEURS-CUEILLEURS DANS LA BASSE VALLEE DU RHÔNE ET SES MARGES DU PLENIGLACIAIRE SUPERIEUR (20 ka BP) A L'OPTIMUM CLIMATIQUE (8 ka BP)." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987084.
Full textRillardon, Maryline. "Environnement et subsistance des derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs dans la basse vallée du Rhône et ses marges du pléniglaciaire supérieur (20 ka BP) à l'optimum climatique (8 ka BP)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10052.
Full textTorres, Elgueta Jimena. "La pêche chez les chasseurs-cueilleurs marins de la région du détroit de Magellan et des mers adjacentes, de l'Holocène moyen aux temps ethnographiques : rôle, technologie et stratégies saisonnières." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H077.
Full textThis research highlights the importance of fishing in marine hunter-gatherers of the central region of the Magellan Strait and adjacent seas. The methodological approach takes into account the ichthyoarchaeological analysis of 13 archaeological sites covering a chronology from 6000 to 1000 years BP. The Sclerochronology method is applied to the vertebrae of the most important species (Salilota australis) to estimate the seasonality of fishing activities. Fishing techniques are discussed from technology elements discovered in the studied deposits (weight lithic, bone points, fishing weirs) and ethnographic information. The results allow to discuss and reassess the role of fisheries in respect to the hunting of marine mammals, generally estimated to be (along with shellfish) the main source of subsistence nomadic societies. Radical changes are observed on fishing strategies over time. We observe in the Early and Middle Periods (6000 to 2000 years BP) a specialization in demersals species exploited at different moments of the year, and the use of standardized and specialized technologies. ln the last 2000 years until the ethnographic period, fishing is concentrated on the seashore; the role in subsistence is variable and opportunistic strategies enabled by the use of various fishing technics can be observed. The fishing strategies observed throughout the chronological sequence is different from the one suggested by F. Zangrando for the marine nomads of the Beagle Channel, where a progressive intensification of fishing through time is detected. Finally this research emphasizes the high level of the fishing specialization of the first canoeros Indians who populated the region of Magallanes, 6000 years ago, which allows us to discuss the degree of adaptation of these populations to marine environments. This observation strengthens the hypothesis, increasingly documented, of the existence of a maritime population from the Northern regions, along the Pacific Coast
Fontana, Laure. "Mobilité et subsistance au Magdalénien dans le Languedoc occidental et le Roussillon." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010616.
Full textThis archaeozoological work is a contribution to the study of the subsistence strategies and settlement patterns of magdalenian groups of Aude (France). What kind of hunting economy and organization of acquisition (game and silex) can we observe to discuss the question of settlement patterns? We have chosen the basin of aude because of his great number of magdalenian sites, particular in the north before 13 000 bp and in the south between 13000 and 12 000 bp. The fauna collections come from magdalenian levels of fives sites : lassac and tournal (for the early magdalenian), canecaude and gazel (for the mid-magdalenian), belvis (upper magdalenian). This is a micro-regional study and if the mid-magdalenian period is the best known, we tried to understand the transformation of the settlement pattern since the early magdalenian until the upper magdalenian. This study met en evidence: * for the early and mid-magdalenian : specialized reindeer hunting and five months occupations (during the winter and the beginning of spring). The study identified a residential type of settlement pattern and gazel was probably a special site (art). No site of specialized acquisition (game or silex) has been identified. We did not identified sites which have been occupied during the other part of the year. More over, we did not know the place where the silex (50%) come from. Two hypothesis can be proposed: - occupations in an other region during the rest of the year, in the south of aude or in ariege - occupations in a region very far from the aude * for the upper magdalenian : specialiezed ibex hunting and spring-summer occupations this period is less documented than the previous one
Park, Sejin. "Contribution à une sociologie de l'hominisation : une expérience de pensée anthropologique à la lueur des données actuelles." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0655.
Full textAgainst the rejection of the evolutionism by the contemporary anthropologu, this thesis seeks to explore the evolution of the societies throughout the succession of different representatives of the genus Home. Because of the "invisibility of the social" in the material remains left by them, this study necessarily involves the thought experiment proceeding through questions like "what would happen if. . . ?" It follows conjecture on the social life of hominids, whose validity ismeasured in terms of their ability to tae account of current data in paleontology, in prehistory, in primatology, and in ethnology. More generally, the thesis intends to lay the foundations for a sociology of hominization that oppose the sociobiology project by its affirmation of the irreducibility of the soical. Indeed, this study adopts with respect to the hominid societies the same attitude as that of a classic sociology: it seeks to understand the conditions of emergence of different ways of organizing social life. This research led to the hypothesis of the tripartitedivision of the worlds during hominization, with a particular emphasis on the sociological mechanisms/principles that distinguish them. Social life within these three worlds is analyzed in terms of articulation between the modes of subsistence/production and that of reproduction. The thesis also reviews some of the specific traits of Homo Sapiens societies, such as the prohibition of incest, the sexual division of labor and the formation of land-owning group through the principle of kinship
Guillemard, Iris. "Change and continuity in the lithic technologies from Final to Ceramic Final Later Stone Age,Limpopo Basin, South Africa." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100111.
Full textThe late Holocene of southern Africa is a key period of social and economic change. From around two thousand years ago, the appearance of domesticated sheep and pottery at Later Stone Age (LSA) sites, traditionally associated with hunter-gatherers, marks the beginning of varied neolithization processes. The Limpopo River Basin is particularly important to the discussion of these processes. The area is thought to have been a major route of migration and settlement for varied populations, generally classified as ‘hunter-gatherers’, ‘herders’ and ‘farmers’. This thesis aims to investigate phenomena of stability and change in lithic systems through the late Holocene within the socially complex middle Limpopo River Basin. The microlithic assemblage from Balerno Main Shelter (BMS), dated from 300 BC to the second millennium AD is studied. The lithic technical system is defined using the chaîne opératoire and techno-functional methods and investigated to determine if change or stability can be observed throughout the sequence. Hypotheses are then formulated about the scenario observed, in relation to the potential economic and social shifts that occurred within hunter-gatherer societies. The thesis also questions what techno-complexes could represent beyond the classic vision of ‘archaeological cultures’. A discussion is finally opened about multi-disciplinary migration models that equate subsistence, language and genes in the context of the pastoral Khoe migration in southern Africa. Rather than correlating different ‘traits’ within ‘culture container models’, as per convention, this thesis proposes a dis-assembling of these characteristics for the investigation of the reason for change or stability within each analytical category
Treuillot, Julien. "A l'Est quoi de nouveau ? : l'exploitation technique de l'élan en Russie centrale au cours de la transition entre pécheurs-chasseurs-cueilleurs sans céramique ("Mésolithique récent") et avec céramique ("Néolithique ancien")." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H062/document.
Full textThis research covers the period between 7000 and 5500 cal. BC and deals with communities of nonceramic-using (Late Mesolithic) and ceramic-using (Early Neolithic) hunter-gatherer-fishers in Central Russia. At the beginning of the Atlantic period, the non-ceramic-using groups in this area became less mobile as they took advantage of a rich environment. The first fisheries were set up during this settling process as early as 6200 BC, even before the appearance of ceramics. Hard animal material dominates among the equipment on these sites, which is why we have decided to make it the subject matter of our study. From a diachronic point of view, the technological analyses of this equipment have enabled us to define working modalities for hard animal materials and to demonstrate a clearly differentiated use of moose bones, antlers and teeth at Zamostje 2. To achieve this, we used both a classic technological approach and an experimental method aimed at better characterizing the splitting techniques that were often used in these settings. Finally, these results have enabled us to highlight various typological, technical and economical evolutions and, on this basis, to propose assumptions about the organization of the societies in question, including their progressive specialization in the making of bone weapons. We have also been able to establish a new chronological seriation
Это исследование охватывает период между 7000 и 5500 лет до н. э. и посвящено обществам рыболовов-охотников-собирателей с керамикой (поздний мезолит) и без керамики (ранний неолит) в Центральной России. В начале Антлантикума благодаря богатой природной среде в регионе снижается подвижность групп населения без керамики. В это же время, начиная с 6200 лет до н. э., начинают возводиться первые рыболовные конструкции, вслед за которыми в свою очередь появилась керамика. На этих стоянках инвентарь из твердых животных материалов занимает главенствующее положение. Именно он стал объектом нашего изучения. В диахроническом ракурсе технологический анализ этого инвентаря позволил нам определить особенности обработки твердых животных материалов и выявить четкие различия в использовании костей, рогов и зубов лося в Замостье 2. Для этого нам пришлось обратиться, помимо классического технологического подхода, к экспериментальному методу, который помог лучше охарактеризовать техники раскалывания, часто использовавшиеся в этих контекстах. Наконец, эти результаты позволили нам выявить различные изменения типологического, технического и экономического порядка, что нам дало возможность предложить гипотезы об организации этих обществ – в том числе увеличивающаяся специализация в области производства костяного вооружения – а также установить новое хронологическое деление
Armentano, Gabriela Marisol. "Arqueología del curso inferior del Río Colorado : estudio tecnológico de las colecciones líticas de Norpatagonia Oriental durante el Holoceno tardío : departamentos de Villarino y Patagones, Provincia de Buenos Aires. Argentina." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100059.
Full textThe lower Colorado River is considered the geographical boundary between [the Argentinean regions of Pampa and Patagonia]. In this area converges various provinces and regions, as well as phytogeographical and zoogeographical sub-domains that give to the environment ecotonal characteristics. The project Archaeological Investigations in the Lower Colorado River, which is part of this work, has as its central objective the study of the material culture, adaptation and evolution of hunter-gatherer peoples who occupied the area during the Holocene-3000-250 years BP. The population’s dynamics of the Pampas and Patagonia regions in the final late Holocene (ca. 1000-250 years BP) was described by several researchers as a complex map of inter-ethnic contacts and networks between groups at local, extra-regional and transandean range scale. The aim of this thesis is to define the technological patterns of hunter-gatherer groups who inhabited the studied area during the late Holocene. In order to do so, the nature and presentation of raw materials exploited is stated, and the different methods of debitage and economic analysis of the lithic assemblages are identified, within the theoretical and methodological approach of chaîne opératoires. The results of this thesis allow concluding that during the late Holocene the basis of technological knowledge is kept constant. The technological changes experienced in behavior toward the final late Holocene (ca. 1000-250 years BP) are due to the choice among methods, materials, and types of instruments known and available, of those with proven efficacy, whose production was intensified in the last 1000 years B.P. The behavioral changes linked to lithic technological system are accompanied by -or produced as a result of- reorganization of the social system as a whole. In general terms, this situation is also observed in hunters gathered societies in neighboring areas and regions (Pampean and Northen Patagonic regions) towards final late Holocene
Chaffard-Sylla, Solange. "Des chasseurs aux abords d'une aire protégée : les Konon, les Manon et la réserve de biosphère des Monts Nimba (République de Guinée)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MNHN0007.
Full textIn Guinea forest, Around the Nimba Mount (biosphere reserve of Unesco), live the Konon and the Manon, farmers and hunters populations. Cynegetic activity is the essential way to get meat, but there are others functions : medicine, juridical, commercial. A study in three villages of the reserve analyse the cynegetic practices and show the local management of game. The village hunting is practiced by specialists actors who run areas and game animals with rules of access, prelevement and repartition. This activity is a way of social cohesion between the local communities. Actually, the majority of the prelevement of game is represented by small animals (big rodents and forest antelopes). But, the techniques are evoluting and practices are changing : from a subsistence hunt with access rules is appearing a commercial hunt who obey to market laws. Thus it is a threat from the wild fauna. In front of the dynamic situation of this market of bush meat, an acceptance of the traditional practices who get an interest for the conservation and sustainable use of the biodiversity have to be developed. Like that, the cynegetic uses and the protection of the wild fauna will be mixed in the Nimba reserve
Gourichon, Lionel. "Faune et saisonnalité : l'organisation temporelle des activités de subsistance dans l'Epipaléothique et le Néolithique précéramique du Levant nord (Syrie)." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/gourichon_l.
Full textThis research is devoted to the cycles and modes of animal exploitation during the Neolithisation in northern Syria between 11th and the 7th millennia. Its objective is to explain through the study of seasonal markers the annual organisation of subsistence, on the one hand for the first farmers in the Euphrates valley and on the other the first pasturalists of occupy the Syrian desert. Firstly the methodological tools have been designed from bone remains of the fauna to identify seasonal indicators. The methods are based for the mammals on the development and wear of teeth and on cement growth; for the birds their phenological status. Then follows the application of these methods to the archaeological assemblages as well as the archaeozoological approach which established a calendar for the cultural phases of each site. Between the final Natufian and the beginning of the early PPNB, the results show an scheduling of communal big game hunting during the end of the spring and the autumn/winter which articulates perfectly with the agricultural calendar. This planning of subsistence activities guaranteed, with the storage of cereals, a sedentary life style in the Euphrates valley. In the Syrian desert, two adaptive strategies to the climatic constraints coexisted in the late PPNB. The economy of the sedentary farmers of El Kowm relied on a well defined stable calendar. On the other hand the nomadic pasturalists inhabited Qdeir during the spring and in the autumn depending on the availability of the pastures
Roulon-Doko, Paulette. "Une société d'autosubsistance et d'abondance alimentaire dans la savane centrafricaine : les Gbaya 'Bodoe." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H027.
Full textThis research focuses on the global phenomenon of food production among the gbaya 'bodoe a people of the western central African Republic. It is an ethnolinguistic study which associates native speech (both everyday speech and cultural speech (tales and proverbs) and direct ethnographic observation. In so doing it aims to capture the cultural realities underlying the linguistic organization of meaning, and seeks to reveal cognitive and symbolic values beyond the language itself. A short presentation of the gbaya 'bodoe language brings out the phonological and syntactical elements necessary to understand the text of the examples. The reste of the study is divided into four sections: - knowledge and organization of the natural environment (time and space) ; - food production (hunting, gathering and farming) ; - cooking and food preparation ; - consumption of food ; each of these sections associates linguistic expression, conceptual organization and symbolic values. Analysis reveals extensive knowledge which is not explicitly expressed by speakers, but constitutes an immense body of common knowledge of which everyone possesses all the pieces, like a puzzle, but which is never completely assembled at one time. This study seeks to put the pieces of the puzzle together. Cooking is here seen as a true art practiced by all, and a social means of communication. A gbaya-french vocabulary covering the 3500 items mentioned completes the study
Guidez, Aurélie. "Les derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs de l'Arc circum-alpin occidental et de ses marges : nouvelles données apportées par l'étude archéozoologique de l'abri sous roche de la Souche à Arconciel (Canton de Fribourg, Suisse)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG021/document.
Full textAt the end of the VIth millennium BC, the Neolithic propagated in central and western Europe through danubian and meridional streams. However, the first known traces of Neolithic occupation on the Swiss Plateau date from a thousand years later only. This PhD work focuses on the study of the fauna remains from the upper levels of the La Souche rock shelter (Arconciel, Canton of Fribourg, Switzerland). The site is characterized by unusually abundant fauna remains for the regional Second Mesolithic, an exceptionally extensive stratigraphy and the dating of the studied assemblages to the end of the Second Mesolithic. It therefore constitutes an ideal tool to investigate the various aspects of the last hunter-gatherers way of life in central Europe. The results of the study point to an evolution over time of the activities linked to hunting in this shelter. By integrating the results of this archeozoological analysis in a more general context, we can further address the factors that can affect the composition of the hunted faunal spectra, and the part they played at the end of the Second Mesolithic
Hoguin, Rodolphe. "Evolution et changements techniques dans les sociétés de chasseurs-cueilleurs de la Puna Sèche des Andes Centre-Sude ancien et moyen : technologie lithique dans la région de Susques durant l’Holocène ancien et moyen." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100102/document.
Full textThe research developed in this work focuses on the analysis of the evolution and change in lithic technology in the societies of hunter-gatherers in the Argentine Puna from the sites of the Susques locality, Jujuy. The Puna is an altitude desert (above 3000 masl). The hunter-gatherer period in Puna is between 11,000 and 3,500 years BP. This implies a chronological sequence that extends from the first settlement to the domestication of camelids. ln this context, the evolution of technical systems could then be dynamic during this period. The analysis of technical change is based here on the study of operative chains and technical systems. So we will use a technological approach, and thus the recovery of lithic reduction sequences can situate each object in his technical context and provides a methodological framework for interpretation at several levels of analysis. By studying the evolution of technology in two ways - one slow due to the continuous development and intrinsic techniques, other fast, due to abrupt changes and external contingencies - , we can highlight fast changes and the role of societies and their environment in this evolution. We see a number of innovations occurring throughout the sequence, whose nature is different, some are related to the first degree of the facts, and other are linked to the last degrees. We conclude that such development could occur through the development of stable societies
Mashkour, Marjan. "Chasse et élevage du Néolithique à l'Âge du Fer dans la plaine de Qazvin (Iran) : étude archéozoologique des sites Zagheh, Qabrestan et Sagzabad." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010518.
Full textBraguier, Séverine. "Economie alimentaire et gestion des troupeaux au Néolithique récent/final dans le centre-ouest de la France." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20049.
Full textHoffmann, Alizé. "Impacts de la néolithisation sur l'évolution des systèmes hôtes-parasites : étude paléoparasitologique des sociétés mésolithiques et néolithiques dans le sud-est de la France et le nord-est de l'Espagne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20066.
Full textPaleoparasitology is the study of parasitic remains in archaeological context. The neolithization process with all that it implies in terms of socio-economic changes has helped to modify our relations to parasitic diseases. The first humanity epidemiological transition was induced by the establishment and intensification of agro-pastoral systems. The populations clustering, the sedentarisation, the presence in the same space of different species (animal and vegetable, especially allochthonous), the deforestation, the irrigation, the use of fertilizer, the parking or the storage are as many behaviors that impacted host / parasite systems. The deposits in our corpus focused on southwestern France and northeastern Spain.Through the analysis of helminth eggs, the way in which parasitic/host/environmental systems have adapted to the socio-economic transformations of human populations, as well as the health consequences on human populations of this anthropisation, have been understood. In addition, thanks to a dual approach (chronological and geographical) to European deposits with different biotopes, from our corpus integrated with those available in the bibliography, it has been possible to specify and compare the extent of human influence on parasitic/host systems. The deposits sampled in this study came from very different contexts, including chronology, geology, taphonomy and type of use. The most suitable facies for the conservation of helminth eggs were therefore identified