Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Châtaignes'
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Rajon, Étienne. "Adaptation locale et optimalité des stratégies de dormance en environnement imprévisible : développements théoriques et validation expérimentale chez le balanin de la châtaigne, Curculio elephas." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10322.
Full textChevre, Anne Marie. "Recherches sur la multiplication végétative in vitro chez le Châtaignier." Bordeaux 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10624.
Full textVale, Ana Luís dos Santos. "Le fonctionnement de la miellée de châtaignier en Pyrénées Atlantiques." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4145.
Full textChestnut honey is an important revenue for beekeepers in Aquitaine. This study aims to understand the influence of different factors: weather, the condition of the colonies, flowering, and the state of the stands of chestnut. The optimum flowering is reached in early July, but these dates seem to vary gretly from one year to another. Two hives were followed with a continuous system register of the weight and weather conditions (temperature, humidity and rainfall). The locations of the two hives have an abundant forest cover, but often older and abandoned. The Gelos hive had a superior production. Within 1500 m, the two apiaries were located in a heavily forested area, dominant chestnut, 65% and 42% of forest land, for Gelos and Ordiarp respectively. Honey production is concentrated in about 8-10 days (late July). This pattern was maintained in two years and in two apiaries. During this period the colonies increased by about 15kg. The period of weight gain corresponds to the flowering chestnut. This is evidence that these two sites chestnut is the main source of nectar. From the peak of flowering, the colonies begin to lose or maintain weight, ie consumption is greater than the harvest. In a daily or hourly variation there was a positive correlation with temperature, but the high relative humidity had a negative influence on increases in weight. Rainfall had no significant influence on the added weight. Honey´s pollen analyses confirm that the chestnut is the main source of nectar in these two areas, but particularly in the Gelos hive. Concerning the Honey production origin designation in Ordiarp designation must be considered all floral flowers with chestnut honey as dominant ; in the Gelos‟s the chestnut pollen was the main source. Considering the value of 10 Euros per kg of honey, and an average production of 15 kg per hive, the beekeeper with 100 hives have an income, on average 15 000 Euros per year. We can conclude of the importance of this product in the local economy and rural development.
Pitte, Jean-Robert. "Hommes et paysages du châtaignier en Europe de l'Antiquité à nos jours." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040021.
Full textSome have regrets with actual chestnut-tree plantations disappearance, but this landscape is completely artificial. Even castanea sativa is autochthonous in most European countries. It has been created in acid soiled middle height mountains from southern Europe because it was absolutely necessary for high density populations unable to produce enough cereals for their own food. Between end of middle age and xXVIIth century, a real chestnut-tree civilization developed brightly; the end of it happened between mid-XIXth century and mid-XXth century. Chestnut-tree uses decay and demographic fall in mountains is his landscape's death cause. Bread-tree becomes unusefull and even a trouble
Maurel, Marion. "Impact écophysiologique sur jeunes chênes et châtaigniers de l'infection racinaire par Phytophthora cinnamomi." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112157.
Full textSabatier-Tarrago, Catherine. "Production de taillis de châtaignier (Castanea sativa Mill. ) en relation avec les caractéristiques stationnelles." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112054.
Full textSix sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill) coppices were studied in Hurepoix. The sample was constituted with 3 age classes and 2 site qualities. Their volume or biomass production was evaluated by linear ponderated regression method. At stational scale, square of individual circonference at breast heigth (Cbh) is sufficient to describe stand production (P). At regional scale, introduction of dominant heigth (Hd) improves the model : P = a. Cbh. Hd + b where a and b, regression parameters vary with coppices age classes. Complementary data about volume production concerning 8 more stands, allowed to establish the following model : V = a. G. Hd + b where V is the stand volume, G its basal area and Hd its dominant heigth. Such a model could not be established for biomass because of lack of data. A production index wich allowed comparison between stations (age independant) was definied as the stand dominant heigth at age 10. Stational characteristics, mainly edaphic factors, were studied. Macroelement foliar analysis were made. Mineral characteristics vary a lot between the different stations. A reduced nitrogen disponibility was observed for two of the less productive stations. Luminous climate index explains either a part of production variations. On the sample studied, soil aeration seems important
Berard, Pierre. "Valorisation des taillis de châtaignier en bois ronds pour usage extérieur : étude et optimisation d'un traitement oléo-thermique pour améliorer l'aspect et la durée de vie du produit." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20155.
Full textRouhier, Hervé. "Réponse du châtaignier (Castanea sativa Mill. ) à l'augmentation du CO² atmosphérique : croissance et activité rhizosphérique." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10140.
Full textGagnon, Julie. "Étude d'impacts de l'envahissement de la châtaigne d'eau, trapa natans sur le milieu naturel de la Rivière du sud." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4643.
Full textMenu, Frédéric. "Diapause prolongée et variabilité des émergences chez les insectes : exemple du balanin de la châtaigne Curculio elephas Gyll. (coléoptère, Curculionidae)." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10116.
Full textLaroche, Alban. "Approches expérimentales de la nutrition du chataignier : Influence d'apports nutritifs sur la croissance des plants, sur la distribution des éléments minéraux dans les organes et sur les caractéristiques générales des pectines, chez de jeunes arbres cultivés sous serre." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0009.
Full textPallen, Catherine. "Approche structurale et fonctionnelle en biologie de populations d'insectes : application à deux insectes de la châtaigne Laspeyresia splendana et Curculio elephas." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10142.
Full textCalliste, Claude-Alain. "Evaluation des potentiels antioxydant et antiprolifératif de plantes médicinales : valorisation des fractions de la feuille de châtaignier." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO309I.
Full textGely-Deschamps, Isabelle. "Le dépérissement de la chataigneraie audoise : analyse spatiale d'un complexe épidémiologique et contribution à la lutte contre l'Endothia parasitica dans la massif de Cuxac-Cabardés-Caudebronde." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20057.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify the different levels of sensibility of some areas infected by the chestnut blight. This kind of epidemiologic approach is designed as a spatialized analysis so as to emphasize the environment's factors which have a strong influence on the chestnut blight. In a first time, we used the functions geographic information system cartima, from which was created a localized data base including most of the factors assumed to influence the chestnut blight. The area of study is located in cabardes, south of montagne noire (south east of france). Working the data base allows to identify some of these factors propitious to the infection : exposition se-s-sw, altitude lower than 550m, location in valley bottom, copse density (strong in shoots and weak in stumps), high interspecificity in the chestnut population, nearness to roads and ways. In a second time, we attempted to search for more directs means for controlling the chestnut blight. Two experiments were achieved in field and in laboratory. These experiments point out the interest of a sanitary clearing in a sick but young (inferior to 15 years old) chestnut population, in so far as it allows to make healthier the infected copse, and to be propitious to the copse growth. However, all these experiments require further confirmations of these first conclusions
Barbat, Aline. "Extraction, caractérisation chimique et valorisation biologique de glucuronoxylanes de bois de châtaignier : développement de nouveaux procédés de délignification." Limoges, 2009. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/22be5a91-4656-419b-b6cd-5a9f0d8a8fbb/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4016.pdf.
Full textChestnut sawdust is rich in polysaccharides of industrial interest, including xylans. Experimental procedures for the extraction of these molecules usually make use of aggressive chemical treatments that hamper their large scale valorization. In a context of Green Chemistry, several chemical and biochemical delignification processes of chestnut sawdust have been developed, followed by water-extraction of xylans. Enzymatic delignification by laccases was found disappointing contrary to protocols taking advantage of radical reactions generated by phthalocyanine or iron porphyrin in presence of hydrogen peroxide. Characterization of the chemical structure along with studies of antitumoural properties led us to find a structure-activity relationship for a 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan from chestnut tree
Machon, Nathalie. "Etude de la variabilité génétique des arbres forestiers. Exemples du chataîgnier et de l'orme." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112309.
Full textCasasoli, Manuela. "Cartographie génétique comparée chez les Fagacées." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12903.
Full textDesouhant, Emmanuel. "Stratégies de ponte et traits d'histoire de vie chez les insectes : exemple du balanin de la châtaigne, Curculio elephas (coléoptère, curculionidae), en conditions naturelles." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10338.
Full textFernandez-Conradi, Pilar. "Diversité des arbres et résistance des forêts aux invasions biologiques : application au chataignier et son complexe de bioagresseurs exotiques, chancre (Cryphonectria parasitica) et cynips (Dryocosmus Kuriphilus)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0940/document.
Full textPlants are the playground of a large diversity of biotic interactions between related and unrelated organisms exploiting them as common resources. The aim of this thesis was to understand how plant-insect interactions vary with fungal infection of their host plant and plant diversity. I first performed a meta-analysis to provide a theoretical background for plant-mediated effects of fungal infection on herbivorous insects. Overall, I found a negative plant-mediated effect of fungi on both insect preference and performance. However, this effect varied according to fungus lifestyle, insect feeding guild and spatial location of the interactions (local vs distant). Then I experimentally tested plant-fungus-insect tripartite interactions in the particular case of exotic bio-aggressors of the European chestnut (Castanea sativa): the Asian chestnut Gall Wasp (ACGW, Dryocosmus kuriphilus), and the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight. I performed an observational study, in natural chestnut forest stands in Italy, where I tested how ACGW infestation rates vary with the tree species composition. I also investigated the mechanisms underlying plant diversity effects on the invasive pest, with a particular focus on its natural enemies such as insect parasitoids and endophytic fungi. ACGW infestation rates was lower in oak and ash chestnut mixtures compared to monocultures or pine-chestnut mixtures. Plot composition also influenced ACGW parasitoid community composition but not their abundances, diversity or richness. Endophytic communities of galls, described by using next generation sequencing methods, did not vary with plot composition. However, they strongly differed from surrounding leaf tissues. We thus provided evidence that plant diversity and fungal pathogens are key drivers of plant-insect interactions. Understanding how plants interact with associated insects and fungi, and mechanisms underlying plant diversity effect on these interactions, will improve our knowledge on diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships and will have practical applications for the management of native and exotic forest pests
Derory, Jérémy. "Génomique et diversité du débourrement chez les chênes." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12982.
Full textChatelus, Sylvie. "Contribution à l'analyse du cycle des éléments minéraux dans un écosystème forestier : cas particulier du taillis de châtaigier (Castanea sativa Mill.)." Limoges, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIMO0007.
Full textBouchet, Michel-Ange. "Rôle de quelques facteurs dans la dynamique du châtaignier (Castanea Sativa Mill. ) en Cévennes et comparaison avec le chêne blanc (Quercus Pubescens Willd. ) : la survie des semis." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30032.
Full textSoula, Bertrand. "Evolution des caractères discrets en environnement variable : exemple de la durée du cycle de vie chez les insectes : application au balanin de la châtaigne Curculio elephas." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10041.
Full textRullier-Breval, Bénédicte. "Croissance d'un taillis de chataignier après coupe : étude au cours des trois premières années." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112320.
Full textJappiot, Marielle. "Essai de caractérisation et de suivi de peuplements de châtaigniers des Cévennes à partir de données de télédection : analyse critique des méthodologies utilisables." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30086.
Full textFreyssac, Véronique. "Influence de la nutrition calcique sur les contenus ioniques et les pectines de châtaignier : contribution à la connaissance du métabolisme pectique de vitroplants." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0046.
Full textRies, Sylvie. "Fonctionnement d'un écosystème forestier : le compartiment racines d'un taillis de châtaigniers (Castanea sativa Mill.) du Sud-Est de la France : biomasse, structure et évolution." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10011.
Full textPettini, Corinne. "Stratégies d'échantillonnage prenant en compte différents niveaux de structuration spatiale : application à deux insectes ravageurs de la châtaigne (Curculio elephas et Cydia splendana) et à une graminée, l'alfa (Stipa tenacissima)." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10288.
Full textRenault, Emmanuel. "Délignification du bois de châtaignier par une approche de chimie verte : Mise en œuvre et impacts sur la structure et le potentiel anti-radicalaire des phyto-polysaccharides extraits." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0076/document.
Full textFractionation of wood, essential for the development of its molecular constituents, generally includes non eco-friendly steps. The key-step of the fractionation, the delignification, is generally based on the implementation of aggressive conditions, using harmful reagents, particularly chlorinated. In this work, we developed a new method of delignification of sawdust chestnut, emblematic species of the Limousin region, using phthalocyanine or porphyrin as a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Lignin degradation was characterized by various techniques, including FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption and by measuring the kappa number. Then we showed that the use of phthalocyanine, less effective that porphyrins in terms of degradation mass yields of lignocellulosic material are however more selective to lignin oxydation. It was then possible, from residues only partially delignified, to extract by a simple hot water a hemicellulose with a similar structure to the 4-O-M¨¦thylglucuronoxylans classically extracted from hardwood. This polysaccharide is characterized by the presence of phenolic residues providing it an interesting antioxidant activity, measured against the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and its IC50 is estimated at 225¦Ìg. mL-1. This value, compared to reference products such as vitamin E, allows to classify this compound among good candidates for development as a natural preservative for food or cosmetic industries
Gautier, Denis. "Analyse des rapports entre l'organisation spatiale et la gestion des ressources renouvelables, appliquée aux paysages de châtaigneraies en Cévennes." Avignon, 1996. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822584.
Full textThe objective of this work is to inderstand the relationship between the organization of territory and the management of renewable resources. The study is applied to the chesnut forest landscape in the cevennes. The process of analysis is at the spatial level. The spatial modelization of a landuse pattern is linked to an in-detph analysis of landscape elements. The combination of the spatial model and the landscape elements functionning allows for an understanding of the integration of rural pratices in space and in time
Oberli, Frantz. "Influence de l'hôte végétal et de l'hétérogénéité spatiale et temporelle de l'environnement sur l'évolution des traits d'histoire de vie chez les insectes phytophages : exemple du balanin de la châtaigne, Curculio elephas Gyll. (coléoptère, Curculionidae)." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10080.
Full textMesnard, Isabelle. "La réhabilitation des logements sociaux à travers les processus d'appropriation de l'espace par les habitants : les cas de l'immeuble Paul Eluard à Gennevilliers et de la résidence des Châtaigniers à Garches." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/mesnard_i.
Full textDurand, Jérôme. "Contribution à la cartographie génétique chez les Fagacées." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13957/document.
Full textThe Fagaceae family comprises species of economic, ecological and social importance. In addition, these species and particularly those belonging to the Quercus genus that are present in very diverse ecological niches, constitute good models to study the adaptation of forest trees to their natural environment. To understand the genetic architecture of adaptive traits in oak, genetic linkage maps have been previously established based on dominant markers. In this thesis, we developed a second generation genetic map using the genomic resources that were available in this species. First, we bioinformatically screened an expressed sequence tags catalog assembled into a 28 000 unigene elements, for simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A set of 748 markers was developed and 255 were localized on the pedunculate oak (Q. robur L.) linkage map using a bin mapping approach. Their transferability was tested in the European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), two phylogenetically related species to oak. Transferability rates of 28% and 56.6% were observed for beech and chestnut, respectively. A genetic map was then established for chestnut on the basis of orthologous SSRs already mapped in oak. The comparison between both maps clearly showed that the macro-synteny and the macro-colinearity were conserved across genus, opening interesting perspectives in respect to the transfer of genetic information (eg. QTLs, quantitative trait loci) from one species to another. This study will be soon completed by the mapping of orthologous markers derived from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This will made it possible to better understand the evolution of the genome of these three major species of the Fagaceae family
Shater, Zuheir. "Diversité végétale et sylviculture : effet de la plantation et de la gestion d'espèces forestières introduites sur la diversité végétale : étude du cas d'anciennes châtaigneraies des Cévennes-Midi de la France." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30074.
Full textAfforestation and management of introduced forest tree species have considerable consequences on the biodiversity. The managers require more scientific research to better understand these consequences and to enhance the biodiversity in their actions. Our objective is to analyse the effect (i) of the afforestation, on plant species diversity, by three introduced forest tree species (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus Laricio, Cedrus atlantica) and (ii) of the chesnut presence (Castanea sativa) in the understory mixed with these species. This work was carried out in the Cevennes region where considerable surfaces of these species have been planted in the last decades. Afterwards, the relation between plant species diversity and certain parameters, related or not to the silviculture of these species, such as stand dendrometric characteristics, Leaf Area Index (LAI), soil surface state and the flora of the station, was analyzed. .
Ibrahima, Adamou. "Approches expérimentale et spectroscopique de la décomposition de litières méditerranéennes." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20216.
Full textDodane, Clément. "Les nouvelles forêts du Massif Central : enjeux sociétaux et territoriaux : ces hommes qui plantaient des résineux pour éviter la friche." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines - ENS-LSH Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466263.
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