Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chauffage au gaz'
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FERMANEL, FLORENCE. "Regulation auto-adaptative d'une chaudiere murale gaz pour la fonction chauffage." Rennes, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAR0001.
Full textSavoye-Barbotteau, Isabelle. "Etude et modélisation d'un four-tunnel de biscuiterie à chauffage indirect au gaz naturel." ENSIA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EIAA0022.
Full textWilliot, Jean-Pierre. "Naissance d'un service public, le gaz à Paris /." Paris : Éd. Rive droite : Institut d'histoire de l'industrie, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37218057s.
Full textEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 697-722. Index.
Beaufumé, Pascale. "Transfert énergétique anormal dans les plasmas chauds : couronne solaire et tokamak." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0229.
Full textEtchebarne, Thierry. "Contribution à l'étude de phénomènes instables dans une chaudière à gaz domestique." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2092.
Full textLahmidi, Hicham. "Stockage d'énergie solaire par procédé à sorption solide-gaz : application au chauffage et à la climatisation." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0577.
Full textThe increase of the use of solar energy closely depends on the development of efficient storage processes. In this objective, solid-gas sorption processes are promising because of their high storage capacity and their specific working mode. In this thesis, the integration of a sorption process based on the use of bromide strontium as the reactant and water as the refrigerant fluid is investigated. Combined with flat plate solar collectors and direct floor heating and cooling, it makes it possible to provide a heating but also a cooling storage function. Experimental tests demonstrate the good adequacy of this process to the level of temperature involved in the solar system. The simple model presented allows a fairly good global representation of the coupling phenomena between heat and mass transfer in the reactant. Further use of this model will allow the optimization of the design of the solid-gas reactor according to a power criterion
Fechner, Benjamin. "Optimisation des antennes radio-fréquences A2 pour le chauffage cyclotronique ionique sur le tokamak JET." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11053.
Full textMérel, Jérôme. "Etude du captage post-combustion du CO2 grâce à un procédé TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption) à chauffage et refroidissements indirects." Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0700.
Full textFace à l’augmentation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, le captage post-combustion du CO2 associé à son stockage est une solution technologique prometteuse. Différentes méthodes sont actuellement développées dont l’adsorption qui fait l’objet de cette étude. Ce travail concerne l’utilisation d’un procédé TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption) pour le captage post-combustion du CO2. Ce procédé fait appel à un adsorbeur équipé d’un échangeur interne permettant un chauffage (vapeur d’eau) et refroidissement (circulation d’eau) indirects (pas de contact entre le caloporteur et l’adsorbant). Ce travail s’appuie à la fois sur une partie expérimentale et numérique. A partir des premières expériences, la zéolithe 5A a été sélectionnée. Différentes conditions opératoires (composition de l’alimentation, température de désorption, débit de purge, durée du cycle, étapes de pré-refroidissement / pré-chauffage,…) ont alors été testées à partir d’un mélange N2-CO2 afin d’obtenir un compromis optimal entre les critères de performance. D’autres configurations ont ensuite été testées au moyen d’un modèle numérique préalablement validé à partir d’expériences. En phase d’adsorption, la température d’alimentation et la température initiale du lit n’ont que peu d’influence sur les performances de l’adsorbeur. Grâce à une étude paramétrique effectuée pour des cycles, des conditions opératoires optimales, notamment avec une étape de pré-refroidissement, ont été déterminées pour cette application spécifique. Les résultats ainsi obtenus sont tout à fait encourageants puisqu’ils ont permis de mettre en évidence des performances comparables à celles des procédés de référence d’absorption par amine
Rasmussen, Yannick. "Forte hausse du prix du gaz naturel au cours de l'hiver 2000-2001 et élasticité-prix asymétrique de la demande de gaz naturel au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24067/24067.pdf.
Full textMarino, Raffaele. "Scaling laws in solar wind turbulence." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4104.
Full textIn my PhD thesis I re-derive the Yaglom law for the MHD, a proportionality relation between the mixed third-order moment of the longitudinal increments of the Elsässer fields and the increment scale. Using Ulysses spacecraft measurements, I evidenced for the first time the existence of this relation in the polar solar wind, proving the presence of a local energy cascade and the turbulent character of the field fluctuations in Alfvénic plasmas. The observation of the Yaglom law for MHD also permits the first direct estimation of pseudo-energy dissipation rates in solar wind turbulence. In the thesis I also explored the possibility that the dissipation of energy occurring at the end of a turbulent MHD cascade can be responsible for the solar wind heating. I found that incompressible turbulent cascade can contribute to the solar wind in situ heating from 8 % to 50 % on average, and up to 100 % in some cases. Analysis of the ecliptic wind measured by Ulysses show that while the fast ecliptic streams have similar properties as the polar fast wind, the slow streams show an highly enhanced energy transport. I also study the role of large scale solar wind density fluctuations in MHD turbulence and showed that a phenomenological compressible Yaglom-like relation is verified within the solar wind, indicating that compressible effects are an important ingredient of the turbulent cascade and permit the transfer of a considerably larger amount of energy toward the small scales, where it can be dissipated to heat the plasma and slow down the radial cooling of the wind as observed in interplanetary space
Nguepnang, Noume Arsène. "Etude d'un système innovant magnétothermique pour le chauffage et la climatisation sans gaz à effet de serre : application à un véhicule électrique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD029.
Full textThis work is intended for the study of an air conditioning system and heating based on themagnetic refrigeration. The study of this system based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) ismade in two parts: the first one represents the state of the art, that is a bibliographical analysis of the main existing air conditioning systems, the various studies relative to the numerical modelling of the magnetic refrigeration systems, and the most recent studies concerning fluid flow and heat transfer in the microchannels which constitute the matrix of the active magnetic regenerator studied in this work. Then the second part contains the study of the heat transfer coefficient h, between the solid regenerator and the coolant, and the simulation of the behaviour of an Active Magnetic Regeneration cycle. A numerical mode! is developed for each of the studies. The first one enables to calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient and to estimate the influence of the charmels height Hc and the fluid velocity Vf on the heat transfer coefficient.Two types of charmels are considered: charmels with smooth walls and charmels with rough walls. So the effect of the surface roughness of the magnetocaloric material on the fluid flow and the heat transfer is determined, and the resulting increase of h is estimated. An approach of sizing the air conditioning system based on a cycle AMR is proposed for an application in theair conditioning of a battery-driven vehicle. Finally this work is concluded by a synthesis including the contributions of this work, its limits, and the perspectives which ensue from it
Jassm, Sedki. "Étude d'un lit fluidisé chauffé par microonde." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10325.
Full textAssas, Stéphane. "Dynamique des ions suprathermiques et rotation toroïdale des plasmas de tokamak chauffés par les ondes à la fréquence cyclotronique ionique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11047.
Full textPecoul, Serge. "Détermination générale auto-cohérente du couplage d'antennes et application au chauffage d'un plasma de tokamak à la fréquence cyclotron ionique." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10299.
Full textBoudaa, Amar. "Optimisation de sources XUV générées par l'intéraction d'un laser sub-picoseconde avec un gaz rare." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112341.
Full textThis work deals with a theoretical study of an optical-field-ionized soft-x-ray laser generated in gas targets (krypton at 32. 8 nm, xenon at 41. 8 nm). These sources are experimentally studied intensively at the LOA (ENSTA, Palaiseau). The amplifying medium is created in a highly nonequilibrium state due to the interaction with a short and intense infrared beam. The steps of creation of the plasma and evolution of the atomic kinetics in the medium were investigated in order to characterize the plasma and to study the amplification and transport of XUV radiation. This latter point was considered depending on different parameters (gas pressure, pump intensity,. . . ). Particular emphasis was placed on the influence of the ion dynamics on the emission line. The ionic component of the OFI plasma is initially strongly coupled. The OCP model applied to this case predicted ion temperatures of the order of a few e V. The properties of the output XUV laser showed that the ionic heating can increase the laser energy up to 20% in the range of pressures of practical interest. On the other hand, simulations based on Maxwell-Bloch equations allowed US to compare the case of very low spatial coherence (AS E) with that of high spatial coherence (injection of harmonics in an OFI amplifier). In this latter case, the semi-adiabatic approximation can describe the amplification over long distances of propagation. Also, the semi-adiabatic approach, allows, even in the case of injected regime, to describe the characteristics of the average values of the XUV signal, but not those of the temporal or spectral profile at saturation
Felici, Romain. "Évolution spatio-temporelle des paramètres macroscopiques d'un plasma de tokamak lors d'un chauffage cyclotronique électronique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10129.
Full textKABDI, ZACHARIA. "Solutions analytique et numerique des equations de transfert de chaleur en milieu poreux. Applications au stockage de la chaleur et au chauffage des gaz." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4606.
Full textWilliot, Jean-Pierre. "L'industrie du gaz à Paris au XIXe siècle, 1799-1905 : la mise en place d'un puissant monopole." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040269.
Full textThe patent of lebon, dated 1799, introduces in france the first gaslighting. Promoters of this technology were more speculators than technicians. Only six companies lasted in paris after few years. Then, process of production and distribution were imported. Empiricism of these first years was responsible for many accidents yet, during the 1830's, appeared a network. Its growth has resulted from two markets: - first, an ostentatious lighting to increase the value of shops and pubblic rooms. - in the second place, to serve as substitute for oil-lamps into public illuminations. General statutes were adopted in the middle of the ninettenth century, after several incomplete laws. During the second empire, one company replaced the six first. It was a monopoly which has common interest with pereire. The "compagnie parisienne du gaz" increased uses of gaz with a connected network, a most important market with an increasing number of consumers and a dynamic policy of sales. It provided progress in everyday life and developed confort and luxury. Besides, it has associated the rise of production with a permanent research to find innovations
Lediankine, Andrei͏̈. "Mesures spectroscopiques de la densité et de la température électronique au bord du plasma dans TORE SUPRA." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11043.
Full textVassal, Marie-Cécile. "Etude et miniaturisation d'un analyseur basse fréquence destiné à la correction de l'effet Doppler à bord d'une sonde en mouvement rapide par rapport au milieu étudié : application à la mission "Solar Probe"." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS0029.
Full textChemat, Farid. "Le chauffage micro-ondes dans les procédés de synthèse organique : application à l'hydrolyse des nitriles et à la pyrolyse de l'urée." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT017G.
Full textBounaceur, Arezki. "Interaction lit fluidisé de particules solides-rayonnement solaire concentré pour la mise au point d'un procédé de chauffage de gaz à plus de 1000 K." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409692.
Full textBounaceur, Arezki. "Interaction lit fluidisé de particules solides-rayonnement solaire concentré pour la mise au point d’un procédé de chauffage de gaz à plus de 1000 K." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5281/01/These-Bounaceur.pdf.
Full textAt the moment the traditional fossil energy (oil, coal. . . ) are beginning to run out, causing humanity to seek other sources of energy to meet his needs. Nature holds many sources of inexhaustible and clean energy like solar energy, biomass and wind energy. The availability of solar energy, its free and renewal encourage its collection and use. Solar energy can be collected for various uses as conducting an endothermic chemical reaction or production of electricity. The production of solar electricity is made by photovoltaic processes or by thermodynamic processes. Those have an interesting performance, but are currently limited by temperature steam cycles. One solution is to heat a gas at very high temperatures at the entrance of a gas turbine. The work presented in this report describes a process of collecting concentrated solar energy based on a change section fluidized bed. The collection of solar energy is directly through a transparent quartz window. The design of our solar receiver is based on two studies. The first enable us to cold test several transparent columns with different geometries and dimensions to optimize the distribution of particles during fluidization. This study enable us to choose the dimensions and geometry of the solar receiver. In parallel, we made a first receiver artificial illumination by infrared lamps. We have designed the receiver in RAPSODEE laboratory of the Ecole des Mines d'Albi. It helped us to verify the feasibility of the process and to have the first results of the hot fluidized bed. The solar receiver was then tested in 4. 6 m solar concentrator of PROMES-CNRS Odeillo. During our work we studied experimentally and numerically heat transfer in the fluidized bed and the influence of various physical parameters for the effectiveness of the receiver. A mathematical model of radiative transfer based on the Monte Carlo Method in 1 D was achieved. The model is used to determine the distribution of heat in the different layers of the fluidized bed and the radiative losses. We conclude for the relevance of our choice in this work and the perspectives. Key words : concentrated solar radiation, fluidized bed, hot gas, solar receiver, radiative heat transfer, Monte Carlo Method
Pei, Yan. "Effets du chauffage sur les matériaux cimentaires - impact du « self-healing » sur les propriétés de transfert." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0016/document.
Full textThis experimental work focused on the degradation of two cementitious materials, mortar (for most tests) and a concrete following an intense heating to 600 ° C and 700 ° C sometimes. The idea that underpinned the study was to "measure" this degradation via the transport properties : gas permeability and porosity to gas under confining stress and some poro-mechanical properties. To carry out this work, several experimental techniques have been developed or improved. This is particularly the porosity measurement gas under a confining stress. The use of a neutral gas is used to fill the voids in the material and connected to calculate its porosity. Rehydration with demineralized water has a considerable effect on the highly heated material because it restores much of the porosity which regains its initial level or sometimes a value less than one. Logically the "self-healing" also restores much of the permeability which does not recover its original level
Li, Xiaoming. "Développement d'une méthode connexionniste pour la détection et le diagnostic de défauts de systèmes de chauffage." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529470.
Full textArik, Elvan. "Se chauffer à Istanbul : Des pratiques thermiques face aux épreuves de la transition et de l’efficacité énergétiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI107/document.
Full textMy research focuses on the transformations of heating practices in Istanbul driven by the arrival of a new energy resource. Through the analysis of a contested and non linear trajectory of natural gas diffusion, my dissertation reveals the specificities and the contradictions of an « ordinary » process of energy transition (natural gas being a substitute for traditional fuels such as coal/wood) in light of the unequal dynamics of social appropriation of technological innovations, which reinforce and sometimes subvert the very nature of technical and political projects. Inspired by works on the sociology of energy and urban political ecology, I propose to analyze the construction of a new socio-technical system (network distribution service, boiler devices which pretend to be efficient for the most recent ones, meters, solar panels, etc.), to understand the conflicting logics of territorialization of these artefacts in relation with other dynamics of urban transformations, and finally to identify the material, cultural and socio-economic conditions, though which these new energy amenities success or failed to connect differents categories of people and neighbourhoods. In doing so, my thesis answers a double questioning : given the nature of various obstacles to overcome in the context of Istanbul (urban sprawl, high rates of poverty, heritage of a built environment which is inapropriate with the installation of central heating system), how can we explain the quickness and the large scale development of natural gas demand in Istanbul ? How can we interpret the multiple forms of vulnerability produced by an energy transition process, which is paradoxically, supposed to embody the modernization of Istanbul and to foster its internationalization ?
Jensen, Thor. "L'adoption de géothermique à des échelles multiples en Amérique du Nord." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV032/document.
Full textIn North America, space heating, hot water, and air conditioning use more secondary energy thanany other activity within buildings, thus emitting the majority of scope 1 and scope 2 GreenhouseGases (GHG). The Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) uses one-third the energy of traditionaltechnologies to provide space conditioning and hot water services.While GSHP is a well-established technology, the energy savings and lower GHG emissionshave not translated into their widespread adoption. Public policy measures and financialincentives adopted to promote GSHP have failed to lead to broad adoption or lower costs. Thisthesis examines the adoption of GSHP in response to supportive policies among residential,institutional, and city-scale adopters.Detailed site-level and panel data permit natural experiments on the response of residentialadopters in Canada and the US to changing incentives. At higher scales, regulatory proceedingsconcerning the offering of Thermal Energy Services (TES) has provided a case study for analysisof utility models to finance GSHP for commercial and institutional clients.In Canada and the US, financial incentives failed to sustain the adoption of GSHP throughout orafter the period of subsidy among residential households. Neither did incentives lead to adecrease in price over time. Free-ridership problems in Canada and an inability to make inroadsto areas served by natural gas have stranded GSHP technology. Further, the capital cost ofGSHP results in a higher lifecycle cost than most alternatives. The economy-wide benefits offinancial incentives for GSHP are limited in Canada, where most heat pumps are imported.iiiTES provide compelling innovations to bridge barriers at higher scales. TES overcome balancesheet constraints on debt common to public sector organizations by financing capital equipmentand renovations as utility payments. TES can overcome capital constraints faced by developersby financing equipment inside the building lowering construction costs. However, our casestudy of public procurement reveals TES to be a costly approach in the long run. The insightsfrom this research are translated into best practices and policy advice to improve contracting,increase awareness, and align incentives for greater efficiency
Berio, Stéphan. "Développement de coupleurs à la fréquence hybride pour la génération non inductive du courant dans un Tokamak." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30084.
Full textLu, LingFeng. "Modelling of plasma-antenna coupling and non-linear radio frequency wave-plasma-wall interactions in the magnetized plasma device under ion cyclotron range of frequencies." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0173/document.
Full textIon Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ICRH) by waves in 30-80MHz range is currently used in magnetic fusion plasmas. Excited by phased arrays of current straps at the plasma periphery, these waves exist under two polarizations. The Fast Wave tunnels through the tenuous plasma edge and propagates to its center where it is absorbed. The parasitically emitted Slow Wave only exists close to the launchers. How much power can be coupled to the center with 1A current on the straps? How do the emitted radiofrequency (RF) near and far fields interact parasitically with the edge plasma via RF sheath rectification at plasma-wall interfaces? To address these two issues simultaneously, in realistic geometry over the size of ICRH antennas, this thesis upgraded and tested the Self-consistent Sheaths and Waves for ICH (SSWICH) code. SSWICH couples self-consistently RF wave propagation and Direct Current (DC) plasma biasing via non-linear RF and DC sheath boundary conditions (SBCs) at plasma/wall interfaces. Its upgrade is full wave and was implemented in two dimensions (toroidal/radial). New SBCs coupling the two polarizations were derived and implemented along shaped walls tilted with respect to the confinement magnetic field. Using this new tool in the absence of SBCs, we studied the impact of a density decaying continuously inside the antenna box and across the Lower Hybrid (LH) resonance. Up to the memory limits of our workstation, the RF fields below the LH resonance changed with the grid size. However the coupled power spectrum hardly evolved and was only weakly affected by the density inside the box. In presence of SBCs, SSWICH-FW simulations have identified the role of the fast wave on RF sheath excitation and reproduced some key experimental observations. SSWICH-FW was finally adapted to conduct the first electromagnetic and RF-sheath 2D simulations of the cylindrical magnetized plasma device ALINE
Radhouani, Mohamed Sassi. "Analyse du transfert radiatif dans des milieux poreux semi-transparents gris à l'aide de la méthode de développement en mode normal application au chauffage des gaz et à la détermination expérimentale des coefficients d'extinction /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600617r.
Full textRadhouani, Mohamed Sassi. "Analyse du transfert radiatif dans des milieux poreux semi-transparents gris à l'aide de la méthode de développement en mode normal : application au chauffage des gaz et a la détermination expérimentale des coefficients d'extinction." Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0005.
Full textRoske, Laurent. "Packaging de composants grand gap haute température et haute tension." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30049/document.
Full textIn power electronics, one of the main research topics concerns high temperature operation of the components. Under such a constraint, the encapsulation and the passivation of the semiconductors devices in power module appear as physical and technological bottleneck. As a matter of fact, usual polymeric materials are unable to endure the temperature requirements set out in our study (350 °C) without significant loss of their dielectric properties. Therefore, gas insulation is considered and encouraging results have been obtained. The Discharges Inception Voltage is studied for different gases that could be used in high temperature power modules. Thanks to their dielectric properties and their low GWP, two gases have been selected: octafluoropropane (C3F8) and octafluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8), nitrogen (N2) being used as reference in this study. In a first step, the high temperature behaviors of the most widely used substrate materials (ceramics) are studied. A change of the conduction mechanism from a pure capacitive behavior (at low temperature) to a pure resistive one (at high temperature) is observed for both alumina and AlN samples. On the contrary, Si3N4 remains capacitive whatever the temperature. Such a behavior has an impact on the charges located at the surface. They disappear quickly for the two formers while they slowly decrease for the later. The field reinforcement associated to their existence and its impact on the DIV will not be the same. Whatever the gas under study, a local heating leads to a decrease in the DIV with temperature. A decrease of the distance between the two electrodes, leads to a decrease of the DIV changes vs Temperature. These results are compared to the measurements performed when the samples were uniformly heated. The use of gas in power packaging seems to be promising but it still needs a better understanding of the mechanisms involved
Arcese, Emanuele. "Numerical modeling of microwave plasma actuators for aerodynamic flow control." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESAE0020/document.
Full textIn recent decades, microwave discharge plasmas have attracted increasing attention of aerospace scientific community to the subject of aerodynamic flow control because of their capability of sub- stantially modifying the properties of the flow around bodies by effective energy deposition. The design and optimization of these plasma actuators as flow control technique require a compre- hensive understanding of the complex physics involved that the sole experiments are incapable to provide.In this context, we have interest in the numerical modeling of the mutual interaction of elec- tromagnetic waves with plasma and gas in order to better understand the nature of microwave discharges and their applicability. A challenging problem arises when modeling such phenomena because of the coupling of different physics and therefore the multiplicity of spatial and tempo- ral scales involved. A solution is provided by this thesis work which addresses both physics and applied mathematics questions related to microwave plasma modeling.The first part of this doctorate deals with validity matters of the physical model of microwave breakdown based on the local effective field concept. Because of large plasma density gradients, the local effective field approximation is questionable and thus a second-order plasma fluid model is developed, where the latter approximation is replaced by the local mean energy approximation. This modeling approach enables to take into account the non-locality in space of the electron energy balance that provides a more accurate description of the energy deposition by microwave plasma leading to the shock waves formation into the gas. A dimensionless analysis of the plasma fluid system is performed in order to theoretically characterize the non-locality of the introduced electron energy equation as function of the reduced electric field and wave frequency. It also discusses other approximations related to the choice and method of calculation of electron transport coefficients.Concerning the mathematical aspects, the thesis work focuses on the design and the analysis of a multiscale method for numerically solving the problem of electromagnetic wave propagation in microwave plasma. The system of interest consists of time-dependent Maxwell’s equations coupled with a momentum transfer equation for electrons. The developed approach consists of a Schwartz type domain decomposition method based on a variational formulation of the standard Yee’s scheme and using two levels of nested Cartesian grids. A local patch of finite elements is used to calculate in an iterative manner the solution in the plasma region where a better precision is required. The proposed technique enables a conservative local and dynamic refinement of the spatial mesh. The convergence behavior of the iterative resolution algorithm both in an explicit and implicit time-stepping formulation is then analyzed.In the last part of the doctorate, a series of numerical simulations of microwave breakdown and the filamentary plasma array formation in air are performed. They allow to study in detail the consequences of the different types of physical approximations adopted in the plasma fluid model. Then, these numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy and the computational efficiency of the proposed patch correction method for the problem of interest. Lastly, a numerically investigation of the effects of gas heating on the formation and sustaining of the filamentary plasma array in atmospheric-pressure air is carried out. For doing this, the developed microwave-plasma model is coupled with unsteady Navier-Stokes equations for compressible flows. The simulations provide interesting features of the plasma array dynamics during the process of gas heating, in close agreement with experimental data
Peterschmitt, Simon. "Development of a Stable and Efficient Electron Cyclotron Resonance Thruster with Magnetic Nozzle." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX053.
Full textPlasma thrusters are the subject of growing interest as a means for small satellite propulsion. Miniaturizations of mature technologies as well as innovative concepts have been proposed such as the electron-cyclotron resonance thruster with magnetic nozzle (ECRT). This thruster appears as a potentially disruptive technology because it is gridless, neutralizerless, and only requires one power supply. This work consists in the development of an ECRT with magnetic nozzle and its accompanying experimental test bench, able to accurately demonstrate high thruster efficiency during prolonged steady state operation. Previous studies on the ECRT were limited by a significant lack of accuracy on key measurements, due to the specific setup and technology needed for this thruster. The experimental procedure and the setup are thus heavily upgraded to improve the accuracy of experimental data. However, peculiarities of the magnetic nozzle complicate the interpretation of the ion current density measurements, thus our analysis of performance is mainly based on thrust balance measurements. Besides, thruster performance is shown to significantly increase when decreasing vacuum tank pressure down to 10-7 mbar Xenon, and facility effects are investigated by testing the thruster both at ONERA (France) and at JLU (Germany). Well aware of these experimental difficulties, we study the efficiency of the thruster as a function of neutral gas injection, magnetic field topology, and boundary conditions of the magnetic nozzle. In addition, we address erosion issues in two ways: first by a change of materials, and second by a change of coupling structure (coaxial, or circular waveguide). Waveguide coupling yields insufficient ion energies for space propulsion requirements but manufacturing the coaxial coupling structure with graphite appears to substantially mitigate erosion. These results enable to design and test a ~ 30 W and a ~ 200 W thruster consistently yielding state-of-the-art efficiencies as compared to other thruster types while having sufficient estimated lifetime. In order to shed light on the experimental outcomes, a new modelling approach is developed based on the study of electron trajectories and a Fokker-Planck heating model calculating the formation of the electron energy distribution function in the thruster
Ding, Yi. "Application de la chimiluminescence de flamme et du courant d’ionisation à la surveillance de l’état de combustion pour une chaudière à gaz domestique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC039/document.
Full textThe variations of natural gas composition call for an automatic equivalence ratio regulation system for domestic gas boilers. Two potential techniques for this purpose are investigated, i.e. the flame chemiluminescence and ionization current. Equivalence ratio indicators are inferred from the chemiluminescence signal based on the experiments. The investigation proceeds by examining effects of the flameburner heat exchange on the chemiluminescence signal. The interference of several disturbing factors for the chemiluminescence signal characterization is also analyzed. The flame ionization current is investigated on a conical flame to understand the evolution of its intensity with the probe position and flame conditions. These changes are then attributed to modifications of the distance between the flame base and the burner rim. Finally a control loop is developed to demonstrate the feasibility of equivalence ratio self-regulation with the chemiluminescence signal
Urbanczyk, Guillaume. "Interaction of High-Power waves with the plasma periphery of WEST & EAST tokamaks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0181.
Full textThis thesis aims at studying phenomena by which Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) induces interactions between the plasma and the walls of tokamaks, the plasma-metal interactions being deleterious not only to prevent vessel materials degradation but also not to affect plasma performance due to the presence of heavy metallic impurity compared to foreseen fuel (namely deuterium and tritium). This problematic basically affects any machine aiming at heating the ions with waves at the ion cyclotron frequency, which in particular will be the case of ITER. This thesis is the result of a collaboration between CEA Cadarache (France) and the Institute of Plasma Physics in Hefei (China). Various experimental work have been carried out on the EAST (China) and WEST (France) tokamaks in order to identify the relevant parameters allowing to optimize the efficiency by which the ICRF waves – used to heat the plasma – must be excited in order to maximize the amount of power coupled, while simultaneously minimizing the plasma interactions with the walls due to this type of waves and the so called radiofrequency sheath excitation
Larass, Nikos. "Caractérisation expérimentale des champs thermiques et dynamiques de la combustion dans une chaudière domestique modèle." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES004.
Full textQuezada, Maxwell Josias. "Hydrogénation catalytique de CO₂ en méthanol en lit fixe sous chauffage conventionnel et sous plasma à DBD ZSM-5 surface modification by plasma for catalytic activity improvement in the gas phase methanol-to-dimethylether reaction." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR12.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to the optimisation of the production of methanol by hydrogenation of CO₂ by synthesising new catalysts in the form of extrudates for industrial use. In this regard, six Cu-ZnO based catalysts supported on alumina and ZSM-5 were prepared and tested. At 36 bar and under conventional heating, the CuZnO/Al₂O₃ showed the best methanol yield. An industrial process based on this catalyst has been proposed and optimised. The influence of extracting water and methanol from the reaction medium using two reactors in series instead of one was investigated and it was found to increase methanol yield considerably. Tests at atmospheric pressure and under DBD plasma showed that the Cu/Al₂O₃ gives better CO₂ conversions, while the CuZnO/ZSM-5 showed better methanol yields. This was attributed to the ionic conductivity and the dielectric constant of the catalysts
Rusterholtz, Diane. "Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Discharges in Atmospheric Pressure Air." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997397.
Full textLedig, Jordan. "Étude des structures de courant et de potentiel autour d’une antenne radio-fréquence dans un plasma magnétisé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0082.
Full textControlled thermonuclear fusion is a possible solution for the production of almost inexhaustible clean energy for future generations. However, the temperatures required to carry out the fusion of the nuclei are of the order of one hundred million degrees. At these temperatures matter is in the state of plasma, an ionized gas, which allows us to confine it in strong magnetic fields. Among the heating means used in magnetic fusion reactors (Tokamaks and Stellarators), we will be interested in ion cyclotron resonance heating via antennas emitting an electromagnetic field in the radio frequencies range. Understanding the behavior of plasma around these ICRH antennas or more generally in the presence of RF waves and a magnetic field is a major issue to minimize the flow of accelerated particles in RF sheaths in contact with an antenna or an electrode. The ALINE experimental reactor (a linear experiment) was precisely designed with the aim of studying the RF sheaths and the structures generated around the antennas. This thesis presents the experimental results obtained in ALINE by means of Langmuir probe measurements. A manipulator arm makes allows us to automatically move the probe within the wole device, and to draw up a map of the plasma parameters. After having studied in depth the problem of probe measurements under field (effective surface of electronic collection, bumped characteristics), the development of an iterative algorithm of exploitation only using the ionic saturation current of the probe characteristics made it possible to exploit automatically all acquired data. The measurements are confronted with several theories and simulations, in order to model and to better understand the plasma parameter structures in front of an RF electrode inclined with respect to the magnetic field lines
Dumont, Rémi. "Contrôle du profil de courant par ondes cyclotroniques électroniques dans les tokamaks." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001589.
Full textNorscini, Claudia. "Self-organized turbulent transport in fusion plasmas." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4076.
Full textTransport barriers (TB) are a key element in controlling turbulent transport and achieving high performance burning plasmas. Theoretical studies are addressing the turbulence self-regulation as a possible explanation for transport barrier formation but a complete understanding of such complex dynamics is still missing. In this context, we address self-organized turbulent transport in fusion plasmas with the aim of presenting a novel understanding of transport barriers dynamics. The numerical tools we use span simulations from the most complex gyrokinetic turbulence to simpler 2D fluid turbulence and predator-prey like models.Two features of self-organizations, avalanches and zonal flows (ZFs), appear to control large scale transport. In the SOL (Scrape Off Layer) , intermittent avalanche events do not allow for time or space scale separation between mean fields and fluctuation terms. In the edge, the generation of long living double shear layers in the profiles of the velocity reduces radial turbulent transport. Such radially distributed barriers govern profile corrugations. A 2D turbulent model for pedestal generation, which is not specific of Tokamak plasmas, has been developed, the pedestal being localized at the interface between regions with different zonal flow damping: the edge region, where zonal flows are weakly damped by collisions, and the SOL region characterized by zonal flow damping due to boundary conditions. Quasi-periodic relaxation events are studied reducing the model to three modes coupling to identify the interplay between streamers and ZFs and the role of Reynolds stress in the generation and saturation of TBs
Li, Rui. "Solar pyrolysis of agricultural, forest and metal-contaminated biomass." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0026.
Full textBiomass, as a renewable energy source, can contribute to relieving the energy crisis and environmental pollutions. Pyrolysis is an attractive thermochemical process to convert biomass into biofuels. Solar energy processes improve the heat and mass balance of the biomass pyrolysis to produce transportable fuels, chemicals, and biomaterials. In the present study, solar pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry by-product biomass and metal-polluted wood has been examined. Pine sawdust, peach pit, grape stalk, and grape marc, were used as the raw materials as the agricultural and forestry by-products in a series of solar pyrolysis experiments in a lab-scale reactor. We studied the impacts of operating conditions (i.e., temperature from 800 to 2000°C, heating rate from 10 to 150°C/s, and lignocellulose composition) on the product yields (i.e., gas, tar, and char) and syngas composition. The gas yield of different biomass residues generally increases with the temperature and heating rate, while the liquid yield shows an opposite trend. Lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose contents, as well as pellet size, of the by-products studied have an impact on the product profile under fast solar pyrolysis. Lignin content is associated with greater char and tar yields, but less gas yields. Hemicellulose pyrolysis produces more volatiles, but less char and tar yields than cellulose pyrolysis.Solar pyrolysis of chicken-litter waste and rice husk of different particle sizes (280 and 500 µm) was performed at different solar conditions aiming at investigating optimal operating parameters, such as temperature, particle size, and heating rate, to produce pyrolysis gasses with high calorific value. Temperature was found to have the highest effect on the gas yield during pyrolysis. Gases produced from solar assisted biomass pyrolysis have high concentration of combustible products which can be directly used as fuels.Biomass can be contaminated by heavy metals. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of heavy metals (copper and nickel), in combination with heating temperature and heating rate, on solar pyrolysis products of impregnated willow. Results of the investigation indicate that solar pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated biomass is promising to produce valuable syngas such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Additionally, the effects of these heavy metals on the chemical composition, structure, and morphology of pyrolysis char from the impregnated willow were studied. Results prove that heavy metal and solar pyrolysis temperature affect the char properties. A conduction model was developed to describe the behavior of temperature inside the pellets. A kinetic scheme from literature involving the primary and the secondary reactions is adopted to carry out the simulations of temperature. A finite difference method was used for solving the heat transfer equation with an explicit scheme. The model is solved for two dimensions (i.e., time and axial position) in order to make it simpler and save computational time
Kubic, Martin. "Étude expérimentale d'interactions entre antennes HF et plasma périphérique d'un Tokamak." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0220/document.
Full textAntennas operating in the ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) provide a useful tool for plasma heating in many tokamaks and are foreseen to play an important role in ITER. However, in addition to the desired heating in the core plasma, spurious interactions with the plasma edge and material boundary are known to occur. Many of these deleterious effects are caused by the formation of radio-frequency (RF) sheaths. The aim of this thesis is to study, mainly experimentally, scrape-off layer (SOL) modifications caused by RF sheaths effects by means of Langmuir probes that are magnetically connected to a powered ICRH antenna. Effects of the two types of Faraday screens' operation on RF-induced SOL modifications are studied for different plasma and antenna configurations - scans of strap power ratio imbalance, injected power and SOL density. In addition to experimental work, the influence of RF sheaths on retarding field analyzer (RFA) measurements of sheath potential is investigated with one-dimensional particle-in-cell code. One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the RFA is able to measure reliably the sheath potential only for ion plasma frequencies wpi similar to RF cyclotron frequency wrf, while for the real SOL conditions (wpi > wrf), when the RFA is magnetically connected to RF region, it is strongly underestimated. An alternative method to investigate RF sheaths effects is proposed by using broadening of the ion distribution function as an evidence of the RF electric fields in the sheath. RFA measurements in Tore Supra indicate that RF potentials do indeed propagate from the antenna 12m along magnetic field lines
Skoviera, Jan. "Structure, interactions and reactivity of molecules not easily amenable to experiment." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10091/document.
Full textThe ITER reactor will exploit three types of heating: neutral beam injection (NBI), ohmic heating, and high frequency heating. NBI sources utilize the jet of accelerated H/D atoms. The driver region inside radio-frequency coil produces hydrogen ions by collisions with hot electrons. Ions are extracted by electric field to expansion region where the evaporated caesium enters the plasma. Plasma then enters extraction region where the atoms, ions and molecules of hydrogen are converted to negative ions on a grid that is being covered with caesium to lower its work function. Chemistry of these processes is rather complicated and not well understood. The goal of this work is to investigate the majority of processes which might have impact on hydrogen anions in either formative or destructive way associated with caesium. Reactivity of caesium, caesium hydride dynamics and geometries of chemical species associated with caesium hydride can be well described using ab initio methods. We have used CASSCF and CASPT2 methods to calculate the potential energy curves of CsH and CsH+ in their ground and excited states, to model their spectroscopy and to analyse the orbital picture of caesium hydride and its ions. We have also calculated the reaction energies of several chemical species CsxHy associated with caesium hydride and applied the CCSD(T) method to calculate the potential curves and precise reaction energies. Altogether our results bring deeper insight into the experimental data and change the understanding of these processes
Yoboue, N'Goran Pamela Marie Josephe. "Etude technologique pour l'amélioration des performances d'un capteur à gaz à oxyde métallique : développement d'une plateforme chauffante et intégration de couche sensible nanostructurée." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/911/.
Full textIn recent years, the development of metal oxides gas sensors has experienced a considerable growth because of an interest more and more important in the protection of environment and people safety. Thanks to technological advances in microelectronics that promote better performances, low costs in terms of consumption and production, these sensors can be used for monitoring air quality in many fields such as transport, industry or housing environment. It is clear that metal oxide sensors sold today present mixed performances. Indeed, despite an interesting sensitivity with a detection threshold around the ppm, those sensors also have low selectivity and great instability, which limit their use to simple detectors. For that matter, these imperfections are the motor of many researches including development of new sensing materials but also new transducers. The goal of this thesis is to prove that it is possible to improve the performances of those metal oxide gas sensors especially on aspects of consumption (<80mW) with a remarkable mechanical stability and electrothermal stability up to 600°C. For that, our work consisted firstly to redefine a new design and then to optimize technological process to develop high-temperature microhotplate. Then we worked on the optimization of ink jet process as a new technological way to integrate nanoparticular sensitive materials; a way much more reproducibly than current deposition techniques. The first tests were conducted with ZnO nanoparticles and have shown promising results especially for flexible integration of various sensing materials for new multisensors
Le, Coz Thomas. "Fonctionnalisation d'un fil métallique par croissance de films minces dans un magnétron cylindrique inversé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI016.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript deals with the optimization of the process of deposition of thin films on a moving stainless steel wire. Two inverted cylindrical magnetrons (ICMs) are used to study different aspects of sputtering. At first, an analytical model allowing the evaluation of the thermal contributions to the heating of the substrate is confronted with series of measurements. The results obtained are conclusive but suffer from the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field, which is responsible for the localized loss of high energy secondary electrons. In order to limit the thermal contribution of the charges on the substrate, auxiliary anodes designed to recover the energy flow, are added to each end of the magnetrons. Their influence on the plasma distribution, the microstructure and the chemical composition of the coatings is then discussed. In a second part, the study of reactive sputter deposition with ICMs highlights the need to homogenize the magnetic field in the cathodes. A discussion is then conducted on the influence of the magnetic field on the distribution of deposition rates within the magnetrons and an analytical model, aimed at reproducing the deposition profiles, is developed on the basis of the results obtained. A parametric study (pressure, target – substrate distance, magnetic field strength) is also performed to determine optimal deposition conditions in an ICM. Finally, finite element modeling using commercial software closes the manuscript
Soucasse, Laurent. "Effets des transferts radiatifs sur les écoulements de convection naturelle dans une cavité différentiellement chauffée en régimes transitionnel et faiblement turbulent." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978507.
Full textPujet, Stéphane. "Modélisation de l'écoulement autour d'une bulle de vapeur en formation sur une paroi chauffante en ébullition convective sous-saturée." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT028H.
Full textDuré, Franck. "Etude du plasma secondaire créé dans le neutraliseur d'ITER pour la formation de neutres rapides." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662475.
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