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Academic literature on the topic 'Chaussées – Comportement – Essais'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chaussées – Comportement – Essais"
Gaborit, Philippe. "Comportement thermo-mécanique de structures de chaussées bitumineuses." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENTP0004.
Full textThis thesis was conducted into a parnership between ENTPE university of Lyon, AREA and Eiffage Travaux Publics. Current methods of determination and prediction of damage to highway pavement structures are unreliable and need to be improved. The aim of the thesis is to establish an back analysis procedure from the deflection measurements fiving access to material behavior parameters of each pavement layers. A first step is to define more precisely the states of stress and deformation existing in the different layers of pavement. For this reason, a motorway pavement instrumentation was performed near Aix les Bains in France. 47 strain sensors and temperature were implanted into the structure in three layers during maintenance works in August 2012.In parallel, pavement materials were collected on motorways to characterize their behavior. Complex modulus tests were used to determine the thermo-viscoelalstic properties of materials. These results were used to modeling the deformation of the pavement and compared with measurements. Deflection measurements were also performed on the instrumented pavement with a curviameter device. The reseults were compared to modeling. The observed differences have helped to provide a critical analysis of deflection measurements
Yan, Xili. "Comportement mécanique des enrobes au bitume et au bitume-polymère (Styrelf 13) : Utilisation de l'essai triaxial de révolution." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0024.
Full textThis research deals with the mechanical behaviour of bituminous mixture. A large experimental project comprising of two principal stages has been performed The first one concerns the preparation of the samples and the second deals with the accomplishment of the mechanical tests. Two types of variables in the tests can be distinguished: formulation variables and loading pattern variables. An experimental study based on temperature regulated triaxial revolution tests has been performed. The influence of the binder content, the compactness, the temperature, the confinement pressure and the axial strain rate were the principal aspects of the studied, for two types of materials treated respectively with classical bitumen and with polymer bitumen (Styrelf 13). The mechanical behaviour of the bituminous mixtures has been analysed, on one hand with a statistical study performed at the "Centre de Recherche ELF Solaize (CRES)", and on the other hand with the interpretation of the performed tests at the "Laboratoire Géomatériaux" of the "ENTPE". Finally, a failure criteria has been proposed for the materials "bituminous mixtures". Some differencies in the mechanical properties the mixtures treated with bitumen and with Styrelf 13 have been specified
Le, Vern Mickaël. "Conception mécaniste-empirique des chaussées non revêtues." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27115.
Full textUnpaved roads generally undergo heavy loads. For this reason, a rigorous design method based on mechanistic-empirical principles and on subgrades mechanical behaviors for unpaved roads is needed. A mechanistic design approach, combined with empirical damage laws, will optimize unpaved road structures and reduce maintenance and construction costs. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to create a mechanistic-empirical method for the design of unpaved roads. First, a calculation model was developed in order to determine the level of stress and strain in the pavement structure This model consists of an elastic multilayer road, using Odemark’s transformation and Boussinesq’s equations. Then, empirical damage curves for unpaved roads were developed. Finally, this work produced design charts. A two-step approach was adopted for the development of the transfer functions. The first step established rutting threshold values according to suitable functional and structural road conditions. Then, an allowable strain criterion that combines the calculated theoretical strains with the observed strains on real roads was developed. Laboratory testing took place on typical roads samples. The tests were carried out using a vehicle load simulator. The instrumentation of the structures was designed to measure the resilient and permanent vertical deformation at the top of the subgrade. The rutting rate was also measured during the tests.
Martínez, Juan Luis. "Contribution au dimensionnement rationnel des structures de chaussées souples et inverses : comportement des graves non traitées et des sols support." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20271.
Full textCiza, Ferdinand. "Détermination du module réversible des matériaux granulaires à l'aide de l'essai pressiométrique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28084/28084.pdf.
Full textOne reason for the premature deterioration of roads in North America is inadequate mechanical properties of materials. Given the limited information on the anisotropic behavior of granular materials in the literature, the « Service des matériaux d’infrastructure du ministère des Transports du Québec » agreed to support the project (GE-004-09) which relates to the determination of resilient modulus of granular materials used to build the foundations of roads. Studies show that the resilient modulus of pavement soils is a key parameter for the design and analysis of paved asphalt roads. According to the design method (AASHTO, 2002), the different layers of the pavement structure are dimensioned so that the infrastructure layer remains within tolerated limits of elastic deformations. In order to determine the resilient modulus, triaxial and pressuremeter tests were performed in the facilities of the « Ministère des transports du Québec ». Pressuremeter tests were carried out in a mold compactor, designed specifically for vertical and horizontal testing. The results of pressuremeter tests differ from those (13 kg of granular material) of the triaxial tests. Values obtained from the pressuremeter tests on representative road material (72 kg), demonstrate the existence of structural anisotropy in the foundation and subgrade sections. It appears that the anisotropic ratio (Er/Ez) is roughly equal to 15%, which is consistent with results obtained by Tutumluer et al., (2003). Finally the pressuremeter test is very promising because, not only does it allows for the determination of anisotropy, but also allows the engineer to develop confidence in the results due to the shape of the pressure-volume curve.
Coronado, Garcia Octavio. "Étude du comportement mécanique de matériaux granulaires compactés non saturés sous chargements cycliques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0984.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study experimentally the permanent and reversible deformations of the unbound granular materials (UGM) due to hydric changes associated with the climate conditions. In practice, in order to design pavements, different design codes propose a rational method, using Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio as material properties. These parameters are, in general, determined by means of total stresses. Thus, the objective is to be able to measure negative pressures, as well as to incorporate them in the analysis in terms of effective stresses. Four types of UGM were used: one French reference case and three Colombian. The use of the latter, not satisfying the international standards, is justified by comparison of the obtained results with the reference case. Different tests were conducted: small strain precision triaxial test and large deformation triaxial test with negative pore pressure measures, determination of wetting paths, among others. These tests reveal the influence of the fines percentage, the plasticity index, the methylene blue value, the water content and the role of the negative pore pressure on the value of the moduli, in small strains and on the soil properties in large strain. The results were interpreted in terms of total and effective stresses, using different approaches for the calculation of the effective stresses, validated by tests on dry materials. This work shows the importance of the above mentioned aspects in the design and construction of pavements
Borel, Stéphanie. "Étude du comportement de la neige déposée sur une chaussée : caractérisation de l'interface neige/chaussée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10029.
Full textDiakhaté, Malick. "Fatigue et comportement des couches d'accrochage dans les structures de chaussée." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521906.
Full textLambert, Marion. "Comportement mécanique évolutif des enrobés bitumineux à l'émulsion : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0113/document.
Full textGiven a political context in which energy and environmental stakes have become increasingly dominant, road engineering practices have favoured saving energy and protecting the environment. Among these practices, the use of cold mixes treated with bitumen emulsion has proven to be a suitable technique. Cold mix design however, as well as the design of pavements including cold mix asphalt layers, is highly empirical and based on local skills. From prior experience, the transposition of established local rules from one site to another and their application to medium or heavy traffic pavements are not simple steps and tend to limit the development of this environmentally-friendly pavement technique. The first step in designing a pavement consists of knowing the stress-strain relationship of its constitutive materials in order to determine the stresses and strains generated by heavy lorry traffic. During a second step, these values must be compared with the mechanical durability of materials by reliance on damage tests comprising large numbers of load cycles. In the case of CMA, no mechanical behaviour law has been established to take into account both the fresh and cured states. This work aims to improve the knowledge acquired on this material. For this, an evolutiv model for the cold mix asphalt with bitumen emulsion incorporating the evolution of the material from its fresh state to its cured state has been developed. In addition, a new characterization test was developed and put in place to monitor the evolution of the reversible mechanical performance of the material. The results obtained from the test campaigns helped to calibrate the model and show the relevance of the model
Bornarel, Bruno. "Fondations superficielles sur pente et essai pressiométrique : Approche numérique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1810_bbornarel.pdf.
Full textAccording to French regulations, the bearing capacity of shallow foundations may be calculated by the mean ogf two different approaches. The first one is based on the theory of perfect plasticity. The second one is empirical, and derived from a direct interpretation of in-situ experimentation (pressuremeter or penetrometer test). Both methods give a basic formula dealing with the reference case : a non-embedded foundation resting on a horizontal ground surface and submitted to a vertical and centred load. Complex cases are solved applying reducing factors to the reference bearing capacity. The aim of this study is to analyse the pressuremeter approach, and more particularly, the influence of a slope on the bearing capacity of a shallow strip foundation. This problem is studied through a numerical approach using the finite element method. The soil behaviour is modelled using two elasto-plastic constitutive laws with hardening : CJS model for granular soils, and modified Cam-Clay model for clays. This study is made of three parts : first, the state of stress in a slope is analysed taking into account the stress history. It is shown that this history has a great influence on the final state of stress within the soil. In a second part, a pressuremeter test hold in a slope is modelled. Results analysed in terms of various parameters influence : test location within the slope, initial stress state, type of soil considered. The third part consists of loading simulaltions of a shallow foundation set up near a slope edge. Following the analysis of the initial stress influence, centrifugal tests are simulated using CJS constitutive law. Bearing capacity factors obtained through this approach are compared with those derived from official regulations. Finally, a global synthesis gathering all results is proposed