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Academic literature on the topic 'Chaussées – Dégradations – Modèles mathématiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chaussées – Dégradations – Modèles mathématiques"
Quijano, Murillas Alejandro. "Application de méthodes et d'outils mécaniste-empiriques pour la conception et la réhabilitation des chaussées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27388/27388.pdf.
Full textDuvignacq, Carole. "Caractérisation et modélisation numérique des dégradations des peintures blanches en environnement spatial simulé." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ESAE0014.
Full textBlain, Christophe. "Modélisation des dégradations de composants passifs par processus stochastiques et prise en compte des incertitudes." Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TROY0003.
Full textThis thesis is a part and parcel of research project at EDF to control the wear of its nuclear power plants and to maintain an acceptable level of safety. In this framework, the aim of the present work is to investigate for passive components the estimation of reliability indicators such as failure probability or residual lifetime by using the experience feedback data collected during Non Destructive Tests (NDT). This evaluation implies the modelling of some degradation phenomena such as fatigue or stress corrosion cracking. The stochastic processes and especially the gamma process appeared to be well-adapted tools to reach this objective. In the industrial context of EDF, the experience feedback data are very rare because of the costs of inspections and of NDT. There are many uncertainties from different origins : measurement errors, time-censored data making unknown the initial increases, or size-censored data carrying incomplete information (presence of a defect of a lower size than the characterization threshold). From then on, the purpose of this research work is to integrate these uncertainties into the model and to control their impact on the reliability indicators
Le, Vern Mickaël. "Conception mécaniste-empirique des chaussées non revêtues." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27115.
Full textUnpaved roads generally undergo heavy loads. For this reason, a rigorous design method based on mechanistic-empirical principles and on subgrades mechanical behaviors for unpaved roads is needed. A mechanistic design approach, combined with empirical damage laws, will optimize unpaved road structures and reduce maintenance and construction costs. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to create a mechanistic-empirical method for the design of unpaved roads. First, a calculation model was developed in order to determine the level of stress and strain in the pavement structure This model consists of an elastic multilayer road, using Odemark’s transformation and Boussinesq’s equations. Then, empirical damage curves for unpaved roads were developed. Finally, this work produced design charts. A two-step approach was adopted for the development of the transfer functions. The first step established rutting threshold values according to suitable functional and structural road conditions. Then, an allowable strain criterion that combines the calculated theoretical strains with the observed strains on real roads was developed. Laboratory testing took place on typical roads samples. The tests were carried out using a vehicle load simulator. The instrumentation of the structures was designed to measure the resilient and permanent vertical deformation at the top of the subgrade. The rutting rate was also measured during the tests.
Mellizo, Suarez Claudia Andrea. "Estimation du module réversible des matériaux granulaires de chaussées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27405/27405.pdf.
Full textZdiri, Mustapha. "Etude de formulation et de comportement mécanique des Bétons Compactés au Rouleau (BCR) : Applications routières - Cas des matériaux de gisements locaux." Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0202.
Full textThis research work presents a study of the Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) for an application in road engineering. The RCC was prepared using materials of local quarries with the specificity of a low cement proportioning. The study dealt with the formulation problem through graphics, semi-empirical methods and the Compressible Packing Model “CPM”. We introduced also, into this work, the use of the special aggregates type Siderite and the addition of the admixtures in the formulation of the RCC. The rheology of the fresh RCC and the sensitivity of this mixture to the compaction phenomenon were studied by proposing a new approach, based on Compactability, for the prediction of this material rheology. The characterization of the hardened RCC was carried out by experimental measurements of strengths and elastic modules E as well as ultrasonic tests. The experimental results were compared with those obtained by predictions through models like those of Feret-De Larrard-Tondat, ACI, Ouellet and Oluokun. Some models were considered to be reliable for the formulation and the predictions of the RCC strengths. However, we proposed others models which were adapted to this mixture and their components. A 3D modelling of a rigid RCC pavement, using the computer code of finite elements "Abaqus 6. 7" was achieved by introducing to this code the behaviour law corresponding to this material. This modelling was made for several cases of loadings on RCC slabs. A convergence was deduced between the results obtained, of the distribution in 3D of the stresses and of the deformations in the RCC slabs and those obtained by the other 2D methods such as that of Westergaard, of Ioannides et al
Aldalati, Rami. "Conception des chaussées en béton bitumineux sous l’effet des conditions climatiques : application au phénomène du gel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10024/document.
Full textFlexible asphalt pavements are widely used in road construction. The design of these roads must take into account the behavior of the materials, traffic loading and weather conditions. In areas subjected to the freezing phenomenon, it is essential to take this phenomenon into account in pavement design, maintenance and rehabilitation. In fact, it can cause significant damages to roads, which appear as cracks or excessive deformations. The present work aims at analysis of the behavior of asphalt pavements subjected both freezing and traffic : The first chapter includes a literature review of researches conducted on the phenomenon of freezing effects in pavements. The second chapter is dedicated to the numerical modeling of the freezing phenomenon in soils treated as a tri-phasic porous medium. It presents the mathematical formulation of the coupled problem and its numerical solution using the finite difference method.The final chapter presents a finite element analysis of the pavement mechanical response to the phenomenon of freezing and traffic loading. This analysis is performed with a simplified approach that includes two steps: 1) it concerns solving the problem of freezing using a finite difference modeling. 2) it consists of the resolution, by the finite element method, of a mechanical problem considering the mechanical loads and the temperature effect
Billon, Aurélie. "Modélisation de la fiabilité de composants d'un moteur aéronautique basée sur les données des dégradations en fonction de la maintenance programmée." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3053.
Full textThe aim of our studies is to propose a statistical model of turboshaft engines ageing behaviour in order to improve the reliability level assessment. Field and repair data feedback are used to fit our model. This model takes into account one component whose failure mechanisms are in competition with respect to a final event and scheduled maintenance policy. We want to estimate reliability of engine component and, for instance, optimize the preventive maintenance policy
Mhanna, Mohannad. "Analyse des vibrations induites par le trafic routier et étude de l’efficacité des systèmes de réduction de ces vibrations." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10055/document.
Full textTraffic induced Vibrations, especially by buses and heavy vehicles are a major concern in urban areas. The study of traffic vibrations is complex because it requires taking into account several aspects such as: vehicle modeling, the interaction between the vehicle and the road pavement and the wave propagation in free field or in a neighboring structure. The present work aims to study the vibrations induced by traffic in order to estimate their impact on the environment. The study was conducted by a three-dimensional numerical modeling in finite differences. The proposed model takes into account the mechanical characteristics of the vehicle, the interaction between the vehicle and the various types of road pavement and the vehicle speed. This model is validated by in situ measurements. In addition, we present measurements realized in cooperation with CETE North Picardy on an isolation method. The effectiveness of various isolation devices usually studied in the literature is analyzed. These devices include the trench barriers, the heavy surface blocks and the wave impeding blocks (WIBs)
Bouilloud, Ludovic. "Modélisation des caractéristiques de surface d’une chaussée en condition hivernale en fonction des conditions météorologiques." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30250.
Full textDuring winter, ice or snow presence on the road might have serious consequences on road traffic. To develop a decision-making tool for road management in winter, a numerical model which permits to simulate snow behaviour on roads was developed. It results from the coupling of the ISBA and CROCUS models, which are respectively the soil and snow model of Météo-France. This model was validated thanks to observed snow on road events, resulting from a previous experimental field campaign led on the Météo-France experimental station located at the Col de Porte (1320m, Isère). The validation was first done with the meteorological data measured on the site, and then with forecasted data. Results of the forecast on the experimental site were satisfactory, so the model was spatialized at the France scale, with a 8km grid resolution. The 2004/05 winter, with many snow on road events, was simulated. The validation was done thanks to road station data from several Highways and thanks to measurement from the Météo-France stations network