Relevant bibliographies by topics / CHCl3

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'CHCl3'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "CHCl3"

1

Tyczkowska, Krystyna, James E. Hutchins, and Winston M. Hagler. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Aflatoxicol in Porcine Liver." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 3 (May 1, 1987): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.3.475.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determination of aflatoxicol in porcine liver was developed. Liver sample is homogenized with water, diluted with saturated Na2S04 solution, and extracted with acetone. After filtration, less polar interferences are removed by partition with isooctane. Aflatoxicol in the aqueous fraction is partitioned into CHC13. The extract is dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and evaporated nearly to dryness at 35°C under a gentle flow of dry filtered air or nitrogen. Residue is dissolved in CHCl3-hexane and applied to a hexane-activated silica cartridge. The cartridge is washed with hexane-CHClj, then aflatoxicol is eluted with CHCl3-acetone. Purified extract is evaporated to dryness, dissolved in methanol, and analyzed by C18 reverse phase liquid chromatography using a water- CHjCN-acetic acid mobile phase and fluorescence detection. Recovery of aflatoxicol from spiked liver samples at levels ranging from 0.25 to 4.0 ng aflatoxicol/g wet tissue averaged 92% with a limit of detection of about 0.1 ng aflatoxicol/g liver.
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Ito, F., H. Nakazawa, Y. Ohsaka, T. Yagisawa, T. Kondo, and Y. Hashimoto. "Chloroform deposition in renal cyst fluid of hemodialysis patients with renal cystic disorders." Human & Experimental Toxicology 27, no. 10 (October 2008): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327108096112.

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Chronic exposure to chloroform (CHCl3) induces renal neoplasms in rodents and may be carcinogenic in humans, but studies on chronic CHCl3 deposition in the human body have not been performed. In this study, we examined 27 hemodialysis patients with renal cystic diseases including acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) accompanied by renal tumors at high frequency. Intracystic and serum CHCl3 concentrations were determined using a headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. CHCl3 was not detected in the serum in any cases, but levels ranging from <0.1 to 0.659 mg/L were found in the cyst fluid in most cases, including patients with ACDK and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Because intracystic CHCl3 deposition was not confined to ACDK cases, we were unable to evaluate the relationship between CHCl3 accumulation and carcinogenesis in ACDK. However, our results suggest that compounds such as CHCl3 accumulate in renal cyst fluid in hemodialysis patients with renal cystic diseases.
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Nyquist, R. A., C. L. Putzig, and D. L. Hasha. "Solvent Effect Correlations for Acetone: IR versus NMR Data for the Carbonyl Group." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 6 (August 1989): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894203877.

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A linear relationship is found to exist between the carbonyl stretching frequency ( vC=O) and the carbon-13 chemical shift data [δ(13C=O)] for the carbonyl group of 0.345 mole % acetone in a mixed solvent solution ranging from 1.5 to 70.8 mole % CHCl3/CCl4. The correlation shows that as vC=O decreases in frequency δ(13C=O) increases in frequency as the concentration of CHCl3 increases in the acetone/CHCl3/CCl4 solutions. However, the relationship between vC=O and the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 and between δ(13C=O) and the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 is not linear over the concentration range studied. Both hydrogen bonding and bulk dielectric effects most likely contribute to the change in both the IR and NMR data with change in the CHCl3/CCl4 ratio.
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Lai, Zhenzhen, Aimin Li, Sangshan Peng, Jonathan L. Sessler, and Qing He. "Trimacrocyclic hexasubstituted benzene linked by labile octahedral [X(CHCl3)6]− clusters." Chemical Science 12, no. 35 (2021): 11647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc03713g.

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We report the synthesis and robust crystallization of a trimacrocyclic hexasubstituted benzene and guanidium mediated by unprecedented labile halide hexasolvate clusters, viz. [Cl(CHCl3)6]−, [Br(CHCl3)6]−, [I(CHCl3)6]−, and [Br(CHBr3)6]−.
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Rocha, Wilma Raianny Vieira da, Luanne Eugenia Nunes, Anna Flávia Costa Fernandes, Raïssa Mayer Ramalho Catão, and Harley da Silva Alves. "Antimicrobial screening and hemolytic activity of products obtained from Piper montealegreanum Yuncker and effect in vitro on growth of Staphylococcus aureus." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): e346997410. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7410.

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This study aimed to determine spectrum of antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extract (CEE), chloroform (CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions, to determine influence of CHCl3 fraction on Staphylococcus aureus growth and hemolytic activity. Antimicrobial screening of CEE, CHCl3 and EtOAc fractions was carried out using broth microdilution technique against standard strains: Staphyloccocus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and Candida albicans ATCC76645 to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Time kill curves were performed to determine influence of CHCl3 fraction on MIC and ½ MIC concentrations on S. aureus growth. Hemolytic activity of CHCl3 was performed in human erythrocytes to report the cytotoxic effect. CHCl3 fraction showed activity against S. aureus with MIC=1024 µg mL-1 and MBC=2048 µg mL-1. This fraction did not show activity against other tested strains, as well as the CEE and EtOAc fraction. Time kill curve of S. aureus treated with CHCl3 fraction showed that at MIC this fraction has bacteriostatic activity, which was not observed with the ½ MIC. Hemolytic activity demonstrated that when CHCl3 fraction in MIC does not present membrane damage of erythrocytes, since it did not cause hemolysis. Studies should be conducted to evaluate the activity of CHCl3 fraction against S. aureus with different antimicrobial resistance profiles, in addition to evaluating the potential for resistance reversion by in vitro combination studies. The study demonstrated that the species P. montealegreanum can be an important source of compounds of importance for combating microorganisms of clinical importance.
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Backlund, P. "Introduction and Removal of Disinfection Byproducts and Mutagenic Activity by Chemical and Photolytic Treatments." Revue des sciences de l'eau 8, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705230ar.

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Samples from four different raw water sources were treated with various disinfectants and subjected to chemical analyses and mutagenicity assays. The following disinfectants were used: chlorine (Cl2), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), monochloramine (NH2Cl), ozone (O3), ultraviolet radiation (UV), and combinations of Cl2/ClO2, O3/Cl2, UV/Cl2, and UV/O3/Cl2. The samples were analysed for adsorbable organic halogens (AOX), chloroform (CHCl3), carboxylic acids, volatile organics, chlorite, the strong mutagen 3-chloro-4 (dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2 (5H)-furanone (MX), and mutagenic activity (as detected by the Ames test). Humic lake water which had been treated with the combination UV/Cl2 exhibited a higher level of mutagenicity and higher concentrations of MX and CHCl3 than water treated with Cl2 alone. The same observation was made for the mutagenicity and the CHCl3 concentration in waters preoxidized with low doses of O3 and UV/O3, respectively. When higher doses of these powerful oxidants were used in the pretreatment step, the level of mutagenicity, MX and CHCI3 were lower than in water chlorinated without pretreatment. The combination UV/O3 was found to be more efficient than O3 alone in destroying the precursor material to the mutagenic compounds and chloroform. The higher the proportion of ClO2 in the combined Cl2/ClO2 process, the lower the levels of mutagenicity, MX, CHCl3, and AOX. The production of inorganic chlorite increased with a higher proportion of ClO2. Aldehydes, n-alkanes, and low molecular-weight carboxylic acids were identified as byproducts following UV treatment of humic lake water. The mutagenic activity (per amount of DOC) was approximately similar after chlorination of humic rich surface- and ground waters as after chlorination of waters from the rivers Meuse and Rhine, containing relatively low amounts of humic matter. The precursors to MX were found to be more abundant in the humic waters than in the river waters.
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Gotch, Albert J., R. Nathan Pribble, Frederick A. Ensminger, and Timothy S. Zwier. "The Spectroscopy and Photophysics of π Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes: Benzene–CHCl3." Laser Chemistry 13, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1994): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/41604.

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A vibronic level study of the spectroscopy and photophysics of the C6H6–CHCl3 complex has been carried out using a combination of laser-induced fluorescence and resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI). In C6H6-CHCl3, the S1–S0 origin remains forbidden while the 1610 transition is weakly induced. Neither 610 nor 1610 are split by the presence of the CHCl3 molecule. On this basis, a C3vstructure is deduced for the complex, placing CHCl3 on the six-fold axis of benzene. The large blue-shift of the complex’s absorption relative to benzene (+178 cm–1) and the efficient fragmentation of the complex following one-color R2PI reflect a hydrogen-bonded orientation for CHCl3 relative to benzene’ π cloud. Dispersed fluorescence scans place a firm upper bound on the ground state binding energy of the complex of 2,024 cm–1. Both the 61and 61 11 levels do not dissociate on the time-scale of the S1 fluorescence and show evidence of extensive state mixing with van der Waals’ levels primarily built on the 00 level of benzene. The C6H6–(CHCl3)2 cluster shows extensive intermolecular structure beginning at +84 cm–1, a strong origin transition, and splitting of 61. A structure which places both CHCl3 molecules on the same side of the benzene ring is suggested on this basis. The vibronic level scheme used to deduce the structure of C6H6–CHCl3 is tested against previous data on other C6H6–X complexes. The scheme is found to be capable, in favorable cases, of deducing the structures of C6H6–X complexes based purely on vibronic level data. Finally, the results on C6H6–CHCl3 are compared with those on C6H6–HCl and C6H6-H2O to evaluate the characteristics of the n hydrogen bond.
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Huang, Xuedan, Akiko Kojima-Yuasa, Shenghui Xu, David Opare Kennedy, Tadayoshi Hasuma, and Isao Matsui-Yuasa. "Combination of Zizyphus jujuba and Green Tea Extracts Exerts Excellent Cytotoxic Activity in HepG2 Cells via Reducing the Expression of APRIL." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 37, no. 01 (January 2009): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x09006758.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma is a type of tumor highly resistant to available chemotherapeutic agents. The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma remains a challenge that needs new approaches in the future. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the chloroform fraction (CHCl3-F) from Z. jujuba has anticancer activity in human liver cancer cells (HepG2), and that combining CHCl3-F with green tea extracts (GTE) results in enhanced effects of anticancer activity in the cells. To further understand the mechanism of the anticancer activity of combining CHCl3-F and GTE in HepG2 cells, we investigated whether the addition of a mixture of CHCl3-F and GTE would affect the expression of APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand), which was expressed in HepG2 cells from 4 hours of incubation in vitro. We have shown that CHCl3-F and GTE enhanced anti-cancer activity by reducing the expression of APRIL. We speculate that the CHCl3-F and GTE mixture might provide a lead to a new drug design to treat hepatocellular carcinoma in the future.
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Kim, Mun Ock, Jee Hee Seo, Eun Bin Kwon, Myung Ji Kang, Su Ui Lee, Dong Oh Moon, Mi Kyeong Lee, Chul-Ho Lee, and Hyun Sun Lee. "Aceriphyllum rossii Exerts Lipid-Lowering Action in Both Normal and Hyperlipidemic Mice." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 4 (April 2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300423.

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This study aimed to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of the MeOH extract of Aceriphyllum rossii and its CHCl3 fraction, as well as its inhibitory activity on DGAT in vitro, in normal and hyperlipidemic mice. We separated the MeOH extract of A. rossii into two portions, a CHCl3-soluble part and the remaining water residue, and performed DGAT enzymatic activity assay on them. Further assessment carried out to reveal that the MeOH extract and its CHCl3 fraction suppress the intestinal TG absorption after an acute lipid challenge, and ameliorate hyperlipidemia as well as obesity-related parameters (body weight gain, serum lipid profiles, and several adipose tissue weights) in HFD-induced obese mice. First, the MeOH extract and its CHCl3 fraction strongly inhibit DGAT1 and DGAT2 in vitro enzymatic activity. Second, the MeOH extract and the CHCl3 fraction inhibit intestinal TG absorption after an acute lipid challenge in mice. Finally, the CHCl3 fraction ameliorates various parameters of HFD-induced obesity mice, including body weight gain and serum levels of TG and glucose. Data obtained from the results obviously indicated that A. rossii prevents HFD-induced hyperlipidemia as well as obesity in mice possibly by inhibiting DGAT activity. We suggest that A. rossii MeOH extract and its CHCl3 fraction would be a useful material for the therapy of hyperlipidemia.
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Sellmann, Dieter, Peter Lechner, Falk Knoch, and Matthias Moll. "Übergangsmetallkomplexe mit Schwefelliganden, LXXIII. Diastereospezifische Dichlormethylierung schwefelreicher [RuII(SRR′)(PPh3)′S4]-Komplexe (SRR′ = einzähniger Thioether- oder Thiol-Ligand; ′S4′2- = 1,2-Bis(2-mercaptophenylthio)ethan(2-)) / Transition Metal Complexes with Sulfur Ligands, LXXIII. Diastereospecific Dichloromethylation of Sulfur Rich [RuII(SRR′)(PPh3)′S4] Complexes (SRR′ = Monodentate Thioether or Thiol Ligand;′S4′2- = 1,2-Bis(2-mercaptophenylthio)ethane(2-))." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-1201.

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Under exclusion of air the thioether and thiol complexes [Ru(SRR′)(PPh3)′S4′] (′S4′2- = 1,2-bis(2-mercaptophenylthio)ethane (2—)) easily react with CHCl3 yielding [Ru(Cl)(PPh3)(′S4′—CHCl2)] in which one thiolato atom of the ′S4′ ligand is diastereospecifically dichloromethylated. In the presence of air, however, [RuIII(Cl)(PPh3)′S4′] is formed.The molecular structures of [Ru(Cl)(PPh3)(′S4′-CHCl2)] · 2CHCl3 and [RuIII(Cl)(PPh3)′buS4′] have been determined by X-ray crystallography. ′buS4′2- (= 1,2-bis(3,5-di(t-butyl)-2-mercaptophenylthio)ethane(2-)) is the t-butyl derivative of the ′S4′ ligand. Reasons for observed diastereospecifity of alkylation are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CHCl3"

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Mohamed, Sabria Emamer Mabruk. "Comparing CID Dissociation of PAH Ions with iPEPICO: Implications for the RRKM Modeling of CID Breakdown Diagrams." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35073.

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In the last several decades, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been the subject of extensive investigation due to their presumed abundance in the interstellar medium (ISM). My thesis concentrated on investigating the dissociation of ionized PAH molecules in the gas phase under similar conditions of the ISM. The twelve PAHs studied were naphthalene (NAP), anthracene (ANT), phenanthrene (PHN), cyclopenta[d,e,f] phenanthrene (CYC), pyrene (PYR), fluoranthene (FLN), perylene (PER) and coronene (COR). In addition, two dihydro PAHs were studied to examine potential intermediates in H2 catalysis, 1,2-dihydronaphthalene (DHN) and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (DHP), and two stabilized fragments of PAHs, acenaphthylene (ACE), fluorene-H (FLU). These ions were studied using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) to generate the ions and the fragmentation was produced by collision-induced dissociation (CID). The CID experiments were done at different lab frame collision energies to produce breakdown curves for all fragments in each molecule. These curves were fitted by using Rice – Ramsperger-Kassel- Marcus (RRKM) theory to derive the activation energy (E0) at 0K and the entropy of activation (∆‡ S) for each reaction. The primary dissociation channel observed was H loss and this fragmentation channel was a common fragment to all PAHs molecules studied. Also, there were other fragments (CH3, C2H2, C4H2) observed in all of these molecules studied except perylene and coronene. The final step in this project was to compare these results with results derived from imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (iPEPICO) reported by West and co-workers in order to determine the suitability of the APCI-CID technique for deriving reliable kinetic parameters for this class of ions.
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Louis, Florent. "Etudes expérimentale et théorique des paramètres cinétiques de la réaction des atomes de fluor avec des halogénométhanes de type CHCl3-xFx (x=0, 1, 2 ou 3), avec CF3CH2F et de la réaction biradicalaire CF3O2+Cl." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10084.

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Cette étude a pour objectifs l'analyse des différents chemins réactionnels possibles et la détermination des paramètres cinétiques régissant chaque réaction du titre. Les constantes de vitesse sont déterminées au moyen de la technique du réacteur tubulaire a écoulement et a décharge micro-ondes couplée a un spectromètre de masse. L'analyse des principaux produits formes montre que les réactions d'abstraction de l'atome d'hydrogène par les atomes de fluor sur les halogénoalcanes étudiés représentent les chemins réactionnels prépondérants. Les paramètres cinétiques de ces réactions ont été mesures dans le domaine de température 296-421 k. Une étude théorique ab initio a également été réalisée pour interpréter les faits expérimentaux et expliquer l'évolution de la réactivité le long de la série étudiée. Par ailleurs, les différents chemins réactionnels possibles pour la réaction CF3O2 + Cl ont également été examines expérimentalement et en ab initio. Le chemin réactionnel prépondérant a été identifie et sa constante de vitesse mesurée a température ambiante.
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Talhaoui, Abdelmonaem. "Étude cinétique de la réaction des atomes de chlore avec quelques substituts de fréon de type CHCI3-xFx, CH3CCI3-xFx et CH2FCF3." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10018.

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Ce travail a pour objectif principal la détermination des paramètres d’Arrhenius caractérisant la réaction d'arrachement d'un atome d'hydrogène par les atomes de chlore pour sept composes halogènes: chcl#3, chcl#2f (hcfc-21), chclf#2 (hcfc-22), ch#3ccl#3, ch#3ccl#2f (hcfc-141b), ch#3cclf#2 (hcfc-142b) et ch#2fcf#3 (hfc-134a). Il est motivé par la nécessité de mieux maitriser en laboratoire l'emploi de ces réactions comme sources de radicaux halogenoalcoyle et par ailleurs, d'évaluer l'impact atmosphérique de ces réactions en tant que processus d'amorçage des mécanismes de photo-oxydation troposphérique des hydro chlorofluorocarbures (hcfc) et hydrofluorocarbures (hfc) susceptibles de remplacer les freons (chlorofluorocarbures: cfc). L'étude des séries de composes chcl#3#-#xf#x et ch#3ccl#3#-#xf#x permet également d'interpréter l'évolution de la réactivité en fonction des changements apportés dans leur structure. La détermination des paramètres cinétiques a été réalisée au moyen de la technique du réacteur a écoulement et a décharge micro-ondes couplée a une technique de prélèvement par faisceau moléculaire et d'analyse par spectrométrie de masse. Les expériences ont été conduites dans des conditions de pseudo-premier ordre par rapport à l'halogenoalcane. Les constantes de vitesse des réactions de recombinaison homogène et hétérogène des atomes de chlore ont été mesurées afin de les prendre en compte dans le traitement des données cinétiques. Les lois de dépendance avec la température des constantes de vitesse régissant la réaction des atomes de chlore avec les halogenomethanes et les halogenoethanes ont été déterminées dans le domaine de température de 298-430 k environ et discutées. L'influence de la substitution du chlore par le fluor le long des deux séries de réaction cl + chcl#3#-#xf#x et cl + ch#3ccl#3#-#xf#x sur les paramètres cinétiques et les grandeurs thermodynamiques les caractérisant a été examinée et interprétée sur la base de données théoriques récentes. Bien que du même ordre de grandeur que la réaction d'attaque des hcfc et hfc par les radicaux oh, les réactions des hcfc et hfc avec les atomes cl ne peuvent jouer qu'un rôle mineur dans l'amorçage des processus de photo-oxydation troposphérique de ces composes, la concentration moyenne des atomes de chlore étant environ 1000 fois plus faible que celle des radicaux hydroxyle dans la troposphère.
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Wong, Chih-Ho, and 翁志和. "Modeling of Reaction Mechanism for CHCl3/CH4/O2/Ar Fuel-Rich Flame." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37812797020855626737.

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碩士
國立成功大學
環境工程學系
86
The chemical structure of trichloromethane/methane/oxygen/ argon was studied by using a flat flame burner facility in one- dimensional, laminar, fuel rich and premixed flames. Meanwhile, computer model simulation was studied and compared with the experiment results. Sensitivity analysis was also used to understand the reaction path. In all reaction mechanism, CHCl3 、CH4、O2、Ar acted as reactants, CO、CO2、H2O、HCl、Ar was known as products, while related intermediate products were C2H4 、C2H6、C2H2、C4H2、C4H4、CH2Cl2、C2H3Cl、CH3Cl、1,1-C2H2Cl2、C2 HCl3、1,2-C2H2Cl2、C2H2Cl4. In computer simulation of kinetic chemical structure of flame, Flame Code of Sandia National Lab was utilized. This flame code was divided into three parts: "Chemkin"、"Trans" and "Premix". The main program part was "Premix", which was linked to the Thermochemical Data and Thermophysical Data, resulted in mole fraction of species in simulation. In this study, the experiments data and model results was showed as the same trend. Finally, the reaction path of each species was verified with sensitivity analysis, and the errors in existed reaction mechanism were corrected in order to make this mechanism more fitting.
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Wei, Chuan-Chia, and 魏傳佳. "A Study of the Application of Spectrometer for the Detection of CHCL3 Residues in Water." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91490714488644593550.

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碩士
國立暨南國際大學
光電科技碩士學位學程在職專班
104
Chlorine can be used to sterilize drinking water. But drinking water contain chlorine compound may be harmful to our human body. According to the survey reported by US Environmental Protection Agency, drinking water after chlorination for sterilization will contain chloroform, with the average concentration of 20μg/L and the maximum concentration of about 311μg/L. Therefore, this study proposed the use of spectrometer to determine whether drink water containing chloroform. Results showed that spectrometric analysis can determine the concentration of chloroform at drinking water.
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Guei-Wei, Lin, and 林貴緯. "Ionic Liquid Assisted Synthesis of (bpy)MX2 Complexes in CHCl3 Solution (M = Pd, Pt, Ni; X = Cl, Br)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22765465242678941913.

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碩士
國立中正大學
化學暨生物化學研究所
99
Abstract Ionic liquid is one of the phase transfer reagents. In this study, I utilized the ionic liquids ([BMIM]X, [BEIM]X, X = Cl, Br) that are phase separated from chloroform at suitable concentration ranges. MX2 (M= Pd, Pt, Ni; X= Cl, Br) and bpy (= 2,2’-bipyridine) were added to an ionic liquid/chloroform mixture, from which (bpy)MX2 could be synthesized after short sonication. The products could be purified easily after a simple separation step. We had charactered the products by 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques and by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The metal salt MX2 is only slightly soluble in common organic solvents, but it is soluble in ionic liquids to become the [BMIM]2MX4 (and [BEIM]2MX4) form. The metallates then react with bpy in the chloroform phase, utilizing the sonication that is a non-traditional heating method to provide energy. The (bpy)MX2 formed then precipited from solution. This process easily and rapidly produce (bpy)MX2. Starting from equivalent MX2 and bpy, we obtained (bpy)PdBr2 and (bpy)PtBr2 single crystals that were characterized with X-ray diffraction. The 1H NMR spectra of (bpy)PdCl2 and (bpy)PtCl2 were identical to those found in the literature. However, as (bpy)NiBr2 is paramagnetic, we observed the 1H NMR signals only at in very down fields in the spectrum. When the molar ratio of NiBr2 changed to 1/3 that of bpy, the major product became [(bpy)3Ni]．2Br, from which we could get single crystals of [(bpy)3Ni]．2PF6 after an anion exchange to PF6- anion. We found that there are two different phases of [(bpy)3Ni]．2PF6, one at high temperature and the other at low temperature, respectively. The inter conversion of lattice parameters were found by variable-temperatue X-ray diffraction experiments. The cell volume of [(bpy)3Ni]．2PF6 triple when the temperature decreases from 203 K to 202 K, the phase transition temperature of [(bpy)3Ni]．2PF6.
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7

Tsai, Chia-Chung, and 蔡嘉忠. "一、New, Simple, and Practical Enamine Cyclopropanation Using CH2Cl2二、TiCl4-Mg Promoted Direct Coupling of CHCl3 to Aldehydes, Ketones, and Enamines.三、Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Valienamine." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40513439465041150540.

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博士
中興大學
化學系所
95
一、New, Simple, and Practical Enamine Cyclopropanation Using CH2Cl2 Abstract： Dichloromethane serves as a novel electrophilic carbene equivalent which adds to an enamine double bond. The presence of other alkenes moieties in the enamine partner is well tolerated. Even enamines derived from sterically hindered ketones react readily with dichloromethane promoted by TiCl4-Mg. 二、TiCl4-Mg Promoted Direct Coupling of CHCl3 to Aldehydes, Ketones, and Enamines. Abstract： Direct oxidative addition of CHCl3 to the Mg-TiCl4 bimetallic species resulted in the generation of an ambiphilic chloromethylenetitanium complex, which not only effected nucleophilic addition to aldehydes and ketones to provide vinyl chlorides but also served as an electrophilic carbene complex to effect enamine-cyclopropanation to give chlorocyclopropanes. 三、Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Valienamine Abstract： (+)-valienamine, a potent glycosidase, has a cyclohexene framework containing one amino and three hydroxyl groups on four stereogenic carbons. A new strategy toward enantiopure O-isopropylidene-protected valienamine evolved from controlled construction of a C2 chiral O-isopropylidene-protected cyclohexenediol via ruthenium-catalyzed ring closing metathesis of a C2 chiral O-isopropylidene-protected octadienediol. Regiocontrolled introduction of the hydroxymethyl unit via palladium-promoted carbonylation of vinyl triflate followed by stereocontrolled installation of the amino unit via a displacement of hydroxyl group with net inversion of configuration led efficiently to isopropylidene-protected valienamine. The requisite C2 chiral octadienediol was readily prepared from the (+)-tartaric acid via a three-step protocol: (a) conventional one-pot elaboration of tartaric acid into O-isopropylidene-protected diamide, (b) coupling of diamide with vinylmagnesium bromide, and (c) stereocontrolled reduction of dienedione. The total asymmetric synthesis of O-isopropylidene-protected valienamine was thus realized in fourteen steps with an overall yield of 10.5%. The present route also indicates several shortcomings of current methodology that, once resolved, will provide further efficiency of this route to (+)-valienamine.
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Caballero, Nirvana Belén. "Dinámica rotacional y orden orientacional en compuestos formadores de fases vítreas." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/5824.

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Tesis (Doctor en Física)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computacion, 2016.
El estado vítreo es conocido y utilizado por el hombre desde tiempos ancestrales, contando en la actualidad con infinidad de aplicaciones tecnológicas. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista físico, la fenomenología vítrea aun está lejos de ser completamente comprendida. En particular, la dinámica vítrea de moléculas rígidas es todavía controversial: la física tras los procesos de relajación conocidos como procesos de Johari-Goldstein, en los que las escalas de tiempo son más rápidas que la fijada por la viscosidad, todavía es desconocida. Con el objetivo de comprender los mecanismos involucrados en las relajaciones, en esta tesis se adoptó la estrategia de estudiar sistemas reales con bajo grado de complejidad. Es así que se eligieron como sistemas modelo a compuestos de la forma XYnZ4−n. En particular, se estudiaron sistemas de moléculas rígidas CBrnCl4−n n=0,1 que presentan una serie de transiciones sólido-sólido antes de la fusión, atribuidas a la habilidad de activar térmicamente los grados de libertad rotacionales dentro de la fase cristalina. Además, con el fin de estudiar el rol de la geometría en los compuestos CYCl3, se estudiaron y compararon los compuestos con Y=H,Cl,Br.
The glassy state has been known and used since ancestral times; nowadays glasses are materials of paramount technological importance. However, from the physical point of view, the glass phenomenology is far from being well understood. In particular, the glassy dynamics of rigid molecules is still controversial: the physics behind the relaxation processes known as Johari-Goldstein relaxations, were the time scales are longer than the ruled by viscosity is still unknown. With the main objective of understanding the mechanisms involved in relaxations, in this thesis, real systems with low degree of complexity were studied. Compounds of the form XYnZ4−n were chosen. In particular, the systems of rigid molecules CBrnCl4−n n=0,1 were studied. These compounds exhibit a series of thermally induced solid-solid phase transitions that are attributed to the ability to thermally activate rotational degrees of freedom within the crystalline state. With the aim of studying the role of geometry on materials of the form CYCl3, the compounds with Y=H,Cl and Br were studied and compared.
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Yu-ShunLiao and 廖于舜. "Electrochemical Behavior of Lead and Lead Telluride in ChCl/Urea Deep Eutectic Solvent." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70800334728382359459.

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碩士
國立成功大學
化學系
104
Deep eutectic solvent choline chloride-urea (DES　ChCl/Urea) was used as the electrolyte to study the voltammetric behavior of Pb(II), Te(IV), and their mixtures. Te(IV) was introduced into the DES by the addition of TeCl4. Interertingly, when the PbSO4, PbO2, and PbO were dissolved in the ChCl/Urea, they exhibits the almost identical electrochemical behavior, indicating Pb(II) is formed in the DES regardless of what Pb compound is introduced. The experimental results indicated the the reduction of Pb(II) to Pb is an irreverisible process and controlled by diffusion at temperature varying from 333 to 363 K. The value of diffusion coefficient are about 10-8 cm2/s order, and the activation energy of PbSO4 and PbO2 for diffusion is determined to be 33.7 and 34.1 kJ/mol, respectively. The nucleation mechanism of Pb was determined to be three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation under diffusion control. The electrodeposition of Pb was achieved under constant potential or current at copper foil substrate. The electrodeposition of PbTe alloy was achieved under constant potential and in various molar ratio of [Pb(II)/Te(IV)] electrolytes at nickel foil. The morphology of PbTe alloy deposits significantly depends on applied potential and the molar ratio of [Pb(II)/Te(IV)] in electrolytes. The XRD and EDS analysis confirmed that the electrodeposits were consisted of high-pure Pb metal and the stoichiometric PbTe alloy.
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10

Jwo, Tyn-Yih, and 卓庭義. "Synthesis and Magnetochemistry of [Mn12O12(O2CR)16(H2O)4]0/- (R = CH2Cl, CHCl2) and [Mn3O(O2CCCl3)6(H2O)3]." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14981537630247129924.

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碩士
國立成功大學
化學系
88
The syntheses and electrochemical and magnetochemical properties of [Mn12O12(O2CCH2Cl)16(H2O)4]．3CH2Cl2．2H2O (1), [Mn12O12(O2CCH - Cl2)16(H2O)4]．2(toluene)．4(H2O) (3), [PPh4][ Mn12O12(O2CCH2Cl)16(H2O)3]．2CH2Cl2．2H2O (2), and [PPh4][ Mn12O12(O2CCHCl2)16(H2O)3 ] (4) are reported. DC and AC susceptibility studies of complexes 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicate ground state S = 9, 19/2, 10 and 15/2, respectively. All complexes exhibit out-of-phase AC magnetic susceptibilities, and show relaxation processes at low temperature. These relaxation behaviors have also been observed in magnetization decay, ZFC-FC, and clear hysteresis loops. The presence of steps in hysteresis loops for complexes 1,2 and 3 indicate magnetization quantum tunneling present.[Mn3O(CCl3COO)6(H2O)3] crystals have two forms: monoclinic and hexagonal. DC susceptibility, reduced magnetization and EPR studies indicate not an isolated ground state S = 1/2 at low temperature。
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Books on the topic "CHCl3"

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Pfeil, Bernhard. Streumessungen mit einer automatisierten Molekularstrahlanlage mit He-CH4, He-CH3Cl, He-CH2Cl2, He-CHCl3 und He-CCl4. Aachen: Verlag Shaker, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "CHCl3"

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Hirota, E., K. Kuchitsu, T. Steimle, J. Vogt, and N. Vogt. "23 CHCl3 Trichloromethane." In Molecules Containing No Carbon Atoms and Molecules Containing One or Two Carbon Atoms, 254. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70614-4_224.

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Demaison, J. "25 CHCl3 Trichloromethane." In Symmetric Top Molecules, 64–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47532-3_27.

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Holze, Rudolf. "Ionic conductivities of CHCl3." In Electrochemistry, 101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49251-2_84.

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Kalinowski, H. O., M. Kumar, V. Gupta, and R. Gupta. "Nuclear magnetic resonance data of CHCl3." In Chemical Shifts and Coupling Constants for Carbon-13, 54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45285-0_18.

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Kumar, M., and R. Gupta. "Diamagnetic bulk susceptibility data of CHCl3." In Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Organic Compounds, Oils, Paraffins and Polyethylenes, 120. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45860-9_25.

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Chihara, H., and N. Nakamura. "NQRS Data for CHCl3 (Subst. No. 0465)." In Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter, 594–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02892-2_470.

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Chihara, H., and N. Nakamura. "NQRS Data for C13H25BrCl3CuN4S2 [C12H24BrCuN4S2·CHCl3] (Subst. No. 1413)." In Substances Containing C10H16 … Zn, 257. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02943-1_148.

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Chihara, H., and N. Nakamura. "NQRS Data for C13H25BrCl3CuN4S2 [C12H24BrCuN4S2·CHCl3] (Subst. No. 1414)." In Substances Containing C10H16 … Zn, 258. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02943-1_149.

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Chihara, H., and N. Nakamura. "NQRS Data for C13H25Cl3CuIN4S2 [C12H24CuIN4S2·CHCl3] (Subst. No. 1415)." In Substances Containing C10H16 … Zn, 259. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02943-1_150.

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Chihara, H., and N. Nakamura. "NQRS Data for C13H25Cl3CuIN4S2 [C12H24CuIN4S2·CHCl3] (Subst. No. 1416)." In Substances Containing C10H16 … Zn, 260. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02943-1_151.

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Conference papers on the topic "CHCl3"

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Yin, Sudong, Ryan Dolan, and Zhongchao Tan. "Hydrothermal Conversion of Cattle Manure to Biooil: Biooil Definitions." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10286.

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A number of researchers have reported that biooil was produced through hydrothermal conversion of different types of biomass. However, it is difficult to evaluate and compare these biooils in terms of yields and chemical properties. They applied different organic solvents to extract biooil from products after hydrothermal conversion of biomass. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of extraction solvents on the quantity and chemical structure of biooil. Cattle manure was used as one type of biomass feedstock for biooil production. And dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), chloroform (CHCl3) and diethyl ether (C4H10O) were used for biooil extraction. Results showed that extraction solvents influenced biooil yields. The highest biooil yield of 48.78 wt% of volatile content of cattle manure was obtained when using CH2Cl2 solvent. The main components of biooil extracted by CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 were ketones and carboxylic acids, while those extracted by C4H10O were aromatic chemicals. In terms of elemental compositions and high heating values of biooil, no statistically apparent differences were caused by different solvents. The mean elemental compositions (by weight) of biooils were carbon of 73.79%, hydrogen of 8.18%, nitrogen of 4.38% and oxygen of 13.65%. And the mean high heating value of biooil was 36.74 MJ/kg.
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Li, Z. S., Z. W. Sun, B. Li, M. Aldén, and M. Försth. "Detection of HCl in a premixed H2/O2/Ar flame seeded with CHCl3 using mid-IR polarization spectroscopy." In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacsea.2008.lwc3.

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Sun, Z., J. Knopf, J. M. Deitzel, and J. W. Gillespie. "Drawing of Spatially Oriented Electrospun Fibers." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12287.

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A simple approach to electrospinning has been developed that enables the collection of polymer, ceramic, and multiphase composite fibers, in quantity, with a high degree of spatial orientation. It has been demonstrated that a careful choice of solvent effectively eliminates the onset of the characteristic “bending” instability that is commonly associated with the electrospinning process. This allows collection of spatially oriented submicron electrospun fibers on a rotating drum without the need for elaborate mechanical or electrostatic manipulation of the electrospinning jet and/or collection target. Fibers have been electrospun from a series of model polyethylene oxide/CHCL3 solutions with a range of conductivities. The experimental data confirms theoretical predictions that the onset of the bending instability is a function of the available “free” charge in the solution, which in turn is strongly influenced by the dielectric constant of the solvent. The results show that fiber orientation becomes random as the conductivity increases, indicating the need for the surface charge density to exceed a critical threshold in order for the bending instability to initiate. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that fiber diameter can be effectively controlled by controlling drum take-up speed. This method has been experimentally demonstrated with other low dielectric constant solvents and other common polymer, ceramic, composite materials.
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Heiremans, J., M. Claeys, and A. G. Herman. "DETERMINATION OF CHOLESTERYL HYDROXYOCTADBCADIENOATES IN VASCULAR TISSUE BY HPLC AND ITS RELEVANCE TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643084.

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Accumulation of lipids in the intimal arterial layer, and of cholesterol esters in particular, has been recognised as an early and prominent phenomenon in atherogenesis. Several attempts have been made to link putative peroxidation of these lipids in vivo to causal or deteriorating etiological determinants of plaque formation. The occurrence in advanced human atheromata of oxidized derivatives of cholesteryl linoleate -a major polyunsaturated cholesterol ester species in plasma and vessel wall - has been described by Brooks et al. (Atherosclerosis, 1970,13,223) and a positive correlation between the amount of cholesteryl hydroxyoctadecadienoates (CHODES) and the stage of the lesion has also been reported. In addition Funk and Powell (J. Biol. Chem., 1985,260,7481) have found hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids in normal aorta of different species, wich were strikingly increased after alkaline hydrolysis of total lipids, and this in contrast with the arachidonic acid analogs. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and practical method for specific assay of CHODES, without resorting to laborious saponification and derivatisation procedures required for gas chromatographic analysis, which could moreover augment the risk for artefacts.Dog thoracal aorta was homogenised and lipids were extracted using the Folch method with CHCl3/CH30H;2/l containing 0.05mM butylated hydroxytoluene. Fractionation of CHODES from neutral lipids was carried out by thin-layer chromatography. For detection and quantification a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPI/2) assay method was developed, with UV monitoring at 232nm , a wavelength characteristic for conjugated dienes with vicinal hydroxyl function. Reference compounds and the internal standard for HPLC analysis were synthesized from linoleic acid and 10,13,16-docosatrienoic acid, respectively, by preparation of hydroxy fatty acids with soybean lipoxygenase and subsequent esterification to cholesterol esters with pancreas cholesterol esterase. Confirmation of the structural identity was obtained by mass spectrometry. Artefactual formation of CHODES ex vivo was investigated by subjecting radiolabeled cholesteryl linoleate through the analysis procedure. This method allows the specific detection of CHODES in non-atherosclerotic arteries which was hitherto only reported for human advanced atherosclerotic lesions and is proposed as a sensitive and specific probe for prospective survey of lipid peroxidation in atherosclerotic blood vessels.
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Hudgens, Jeffrey W., and George R. Long. "Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy of CHCl2 and CDCl2." In AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 172. AIP, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.37335.

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Manurung, Renita, Ardian Syahputra, Muhammad Arif Alhamdi, Siti Maisarah, and Debbie Aditia Ramadhani. "Degummed palm oil methanolysis process using Choline Chloride (ChCl) and glycerol based Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as co-solvent at biodiesel production." In 2017 International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application (ICSEEA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icseea.2017.8267697.

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Minor, Barbara, Konstantinos (Kostas) Kontomaris, and Bianca Hydutsky. "Nonflammable Low GWP Working Fluid for Organic Rankine Cycles." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26855.

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Regulatory pressure has been increasing globally to address the issue of climate change. In particular, there are plans to reduce the use of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) based working fluids across many applications, as HFCs are forecast to be significant contributors to global warming in the future. Therefore, there is a need to find low global warming potential (GWP) fluids suitable for organic rankine cycles (ORCs) in those systems where HFCs have historically been preferred. These are usually systems that require a non-flammable working fluid. A new ORC working fluid, cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, also called DR-2 (cis-CF3CH=CHCF3) has been developed which is nonflammable with very low GWP of 8.9 and an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of zero because it contains no chlorine or other halogen atoms other than fluorine. DR-2 also has a favorable toxicity profile based on testing to date. DR-2 is thermally stable in the presence of lubricant and metals, air and oxygen up to the maximum temperature tested of 250°C. DR-2 has a boiling point of 33.4°C and a relatively high critical temperature of 171.3°C, which result in relatively low vapor pressures and high cycle energy efficiencies. It can enable more environmentally sustainable ORC platforms to generate electrical power from widely available heat at higher temperatures and with higher energy efficiencies than incumbent working fluids.
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Reports on the topic "CHCl3"

1

Angel, S. M., K. C. Langry, and M. N. Ridley. In situ detection of organic molecules: Optrodes for TCE (trichloroethylene) and CHCl sub 3. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7045952.

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