Relevant bibliographies by topics / CHCl3 / Journal articles
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: CHCl3.

Journal articles on the topic 'CHCl3'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'CHCl3.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Tyczkowska, Krystyna, James E. Hutchins, and Winston M. Hagler. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Aflatoxicol in Porcine Liver." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 3 (May 1, 1987): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.3.475.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determination of aflatoxicol in porcine liver was developed. Liver sample is homogenized with water, diluted with saturated Na2S04 solution, and extracted with acetone. After filtration, less polar interferences are removed by partition with isooctane. Aflatoxicol in the aqueous fraction is partitioned into CHC13. The extract is dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and evaporated nearly to dryness at 35°C under a gentle flow of dry filtered air or nitrogen. Residue is dissolved in CHCl3-hexane and applied to a hexane-activated silica cartridge. The cartridge is washed with hexane-CHClj, then aflatoxicol is eluted with CHCl3-acetone. Purified extract is evaporated to dryness, dissolved in methanol, and analyzed by C18 reverse phase liquid chromatography using a water- CHjCN-acetic acid mobile phase and fluorescence detection. Recovery of aflatoxicol from spiked liver samples at levels ranging from 0.25 to 4.0 ng aflatoxicol/g wet tissue averaged 92% with a limit of detection of about 0.1 ng aflatoxicol/g liver.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ito, F., H. Nakazawa, Y. Ohsaka, T. Yagisawa, T. Kondo, and Y. Hashimoto. "Chloroform deposition in renal cyst fluid of hemodialysis patients with renal cystic disorders." Human & Experimental Toxicology 27, no. 10 (October 2008): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327108096112.

Full text
Abstract:
Chronic exposure to chloroform (CHCl3) induces renal neoplasms in rodents and may be carcinogenic in humans, but studies on chronic CHCl3 deposition in the human body have not been performed. In this study, we examined 27 hemodialysis patients with renal cystic diseases including acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) accompanied by renal tumors at high frequency. Intracystic and serum CHCl3 concentrations were determined using a headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. CHCl3 was not detected in the serum in any cases, but levels ranging from <0.1 to 0.659 mg/L were found in the cyst fluid in most cases, including patients with ACDK and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Because intracystic CHCl3 deposition was not confined to ACDK cases, we were unable to evaluate the relationship between CHCl3 accumulation and carcinogenesis in ACDK. However, our results suggest that compounds such as CHCl3 accumulate in renal cyst fluid in hemodialysis patients with renal cystic diseases.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Nyquist, R. A., C. L. Putzig, and D. L. Hasha. "Solvent Effect Correlations for Acetone: IR versus NMR Data for the Carbonyl Group." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 6 (August 1989): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894203877.

Full text
Abstract:
A linear relationship is found to exist between the carbonyl stretching frequency ( vC=O) and the carbon-13 chemical shift data [δ(13C=O)] for the carbonyl group of 0.345 mole % acetone in a mixed solvent solution ranging from 1.5 to 70.8 mole % CHCl3/CCl4. The correlation shows that as vC=O decreases in frequency δ(13C=O) increases in frequency as the concentration of CHCl3 increases in the acetone/CHCl3/CCl4 solutions. However, the relationship between vC=O and the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 and between δ(13C=O) and the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 is not linear over the concentration range studied. Both hydrogen bonding and bulk dielectric effects most likely contribute to the change in both the IR and NMR data with change in the CHCl3/CCl4 ratio.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lai, Zhenzhen, Aimin Li, Sangshan Peng, Jonathan L. Sessler, and Qing He. "Trimacrocyclic hexasubstituted benzene linked by labile octahedral [X(CHCl3)6]− clusters." Chemical Science 12, no. 35 (2021): 11647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc03713g.

Full text
Abstract:
We report the synthesis and robust crystallization of a trimacrocyclic hexasubstituted benzene and guanidium mediated by unprecedented labile halide hexasolvate clusters, viz. [Cl(CHCl3)6]−, [Br(CHCl3)6]−, [I(CHCl3)6]−, and [Br(CHBr3)6]−.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Rocha, Wilma Raianny Vieira da, Luanne Eugenia Nunes, Anna Flávia Costa Fernandes, Raïssa Mayer Ramalho Catão, and Harley da Silva Alves. "Antimicrobial screening and hemolytic activity of products obtained from Piper montealegreanum Yuncker and effect in vitro on growth of Staphylococcus aureus." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): e346997410. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7410.

Full text
Abstract:
This study aimed to determine spectrum of antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extract (CEE), chloroform (CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions, to determine influence of CHCl3 fraction on Staphylococcus aureus growth and hemolytic activity. Antimicrobial screening of CEE, CHCl3 and EtOAc fractions was carried out using broth microdilution technique against standard strains: Staphyloccocus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and Candida albicans ATCC76645 to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Time kill curves were performed to determine influence of CHCl3 fraction on MIC and ½ MIC concentrations on S. aureus growth. Hemolytic activity of CHCl3 was performed in human erythrocytes to report the cytotoxic effect. CHCl3 fraction showed activity against S. aureus with MIC=1024 µg mL-1 and MBC=2048 µg mL-1. This fraction did not show activity against other tested strains, as well as the CEE and EtOAc fraction. Time kill curve of S. aureus treated with CHCl3 fraction showed that at MIC this fraction has bacteriostatic activity, which was not observed with the ½ MIC. Hemolytic activity demonstrated that when CHCl3 fraction in MIC does not present membrane damage of erythrocytes, since it did not cause hemolysis. Studies should be conducted to evaluate the activity of CHCl3 fraction against S. aureus with different antimicrobial resistance profiles, in addition to evaluating the potential for resistance reversion by in vitro combination studies. The study demonstrated that the species P. montealegreanum can be an important source of compounds of importance for combating microorganisms of clinical importance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Backlund, P. "Introduction and Removal of Disinfection Byproducts and Mutagenic Activity by Chemical and Photolytic Treatments." Revue des sciences de l'eau 8, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705230ar.

Full text
Abstract:
Samples from four different raw water sources were treated with various disinfectants and subjected to chemical analyses and mutagenicity assays. The following disinfectants were used: chlorine (Cl2), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), monochloramine (NH2Cl), ozone (O3), ultraviolet radiation (UV), and combinations of Cl2/ClO2, O3/Cl2, UV/Cl2, and UV/O3/Cl2. The samples were analysed for adsorbable organic halogens (AOX), chloroform (CHCl3), carboxylic acids, volatile organics, chlorite, the strong mutagen 3-chloro-4 (dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2 (5H)-furanone (MX), and mutagenic activity (as detected by the Ames test). Humic lake water which had been treated with the combination UV/Cl2 exhibited a higher level of mutagenicity and higher concentrations of MX and CHCl3 than water treated with Cl2 alone. The same observation was made for the mutagenicity and the CHCl3 concentration in waters preoxidized with low doses of O3 and UV/O3, respectively. When higher doses of these powerful oxidants were used in the pretreatment step, the level of mutagenicity, MX and CHCI3 were lower than in water chlorinated without pretreatment. The combination UV/O3 was found to be more efficient than O3 alone in destroying the precursor material to the mutagenic compounds and chloroform. The higher the proportion of ClO2 in the combined Cl2/ClO2 process, the lower the levels of mutagenicity, MX, CHCl3, and AOX. The production of inorganic chlorite increased with a higher proportion of ClO2. Aldehydes, n-alkanes, and low molecular-weight carboxylic acids were identified as byproducts following UV treatment of humic lake water. The mutagenic activity (per amount of DOC) was approximately similar after chlorination of humic rich surface- and ground waters as after chlorination of waters from the rivers Meuse and Rhine, containing relatively low amounts of humic matter. The precursors to MX were found to be more abundant in the humic waters than in the river waters.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Gotch, Albert J., R. Nathan Pribble, Frederick A. Ensminger, and Timothy S. Zwier. "The Spectroscopy and Photophysics of π Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes: Benzene–CHCl3." Laser Chemistry 13, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1994): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/41604.

Full text
Abstract:
A vibronic level study of the spectroscopy and photophysics of the C6H6–CHCl3 complex has been carried out using a combination of laser-induced fluorescence and resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI). In C6H6-CHCl3, the S1–S0 origin remains forbidden while the 1610 transition is weakly induced. Neither 610 nor 1610 are split by the presence of the CHCl3 molecule. On this basis, a C3vstructure is deduced for the complex, placing CHCl3 on the six-fold axis of benzene. The large blue-shift of the complex’s absorption relative to benzene (+178 cm–1) and the efficient fragmentation of the complex following one-color R2PI reflect a hydrogen-bonded orientation for CHCl3 relative to benzene’ π cloud. Dispersed fluorescence scans place a firm upper bound on the ground state binding energy of the complex of 2,024 cm–1. Both the 61and 61 11 levels do not dissociate on the time-scale of the S1 fluorescence and show evidence of extensive state mixing with van der Waals’ levels primarily built on the 00 level of benzene. The C6H6–(CHCl3)2 cluster shows extensive intermolecular structure beginning at +84 cm–1, a strong origin transition, and splitting of 61. A structure which places both CHCl3 molecules on the same side of the benzene ring is suggested on this basis. The vibronic level scheme used to deduce the structure of C6H6–CHCl3 is tested against previous data on other C6H6–X complexes. The scheme is found to be capable, in favorable cases, of deducing the structures of C6H6–X complexes based purely on vibronic level data. Finally, the results on C6H6–CHCl3 are compared with those on C6H6–HCl and C6H6-H2O to evaluate the characteristics of the n hydrogen bond.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Huang, Xuedan, Akiko Kojima-Yuasa, Shenghui Xu, David Opare Kennedy, Tadayoshi Hasuma, and Isao Matsui-Yuasa. "Combination of Zizyphus jujuba and Green Tea Extracts Exerts Excellent Cytotoxic Activity in HepG2 Cells via Reducing the Expression of APRIL." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 37, no. 01 (January 2009): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x09006758.

Full text
Abstract:
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a type of tumor highly resistant to available chemotherapeutic agents. The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma remains a challenge that needs new approaches in the future. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the chloroform fraction (CHCl3-F) from Z. jujuba has anticancer activity in human liver cancer cells (HepG2), and that combining CHCl3-F with green tea extracts (GTE) results in enhanced effects of anticancer activity in the cells. To further understand the mechanism of the anticancer activity of combining CHCl3-F and GTE in HepG2 cells, we investigated whether the addition of a mixture of CHCl3-F and GTE would affect the expression of APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand), which was expressed in HepG2 cells from 4 hours of incubation in vitro. We have shown that CHCl3-F and GTE enhanced anti-cancer activity by reducing the expression of APRIL. We speculate that the CHCl3-F and GTE mixture might provide a lead to a new drug design to treat hepatocellular carcinoma in the future.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kim, Mun Ock, Jee Hee Seo, Eun Bin Kwon, Myung Ji Kang, Su Ui Lee, Dong Oh Moon, Mi Kyeong Lee, Chul-Ho Lee, and Hyun Sun Lee. "Aceriphyllum rossii Exerts Lipid-Lowering Action in Both Normal and Hyperlipidemic Mice." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 4 (April 2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300423.

Full text
Abstract:
This study aimed to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of the MeOH extract of Aceriphyllum rossii and its CHCl3 fraction, as well as its inhibitory activity on DGAT in vitro, in normal and hyperlipidemic mice. We separated the MeOH extract of A. rossii into two portions, a CHCl3-soluble part and the remaining water residue, and performed DGAT enzymatic activity assay on them. Further assessment carried out to reveal that the MeOH extract and its CHCl3 fraction suppress the intestinal TG absorption after an acute lipid challenge, and ameliorate hyperlipidemia as well as obesity-related parameters (body weight gain, serum lipid profiles, and several adipose tissue weights) in HFD-induced obese mice. First, the MeOH extract and its CHCl3 fraction strongly inhibit DGAT1 and DGAT2 in vitro enzymatic activity. Second, the MeOH extract and the CHCl3 fraction inhibit intestinal TG absorption after an acute lipid challenge in mice. Finally, the CHCl3 fraction ameliorates various parameters of HFD-induced obesity mice, including body weight gain and serum levels of TG and glucose. Data obtained from the results obviously indicated that A. rossii prevents HFD-induced hyperlipidemia as well as obesity in mice possibly by inhibiting DGAT activity. We suggest that A. rossii MeOH extract and its CHCl3 fraction would be a useful material for the therapy of hyperlipidemia.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Sellmann, Dieter, Peter Lechner, Falk Knoch, and Matthias Moll. "Übergangsmetallkomplexe mit Schwefelliganden, LXXIII. Diastereospezifische Dichlormethylierung schwefelreicher [RuII(SRR′)(PPh3)′S4]-Komplexe (SRR′ = einzähniger Thioether- oder Thiol-Ligand; ′S4′2- = 1,2-Bis(2-mercaptophenylthio)ethan(2-)) / Transition Metal Complexes with Sulfur Ligands, LXXIII. Diastereospecific Dichloromethylation of Sulfur Rich [RuII(SRR′)(PPh3)′S4] Complexes (SRR′ = Monodentate Thioether or Thiol Ligand;′S4′2- = 1,2-Bis(2-mercaptophenylthio)ethane(2-))." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-1201.

Full text
Abstract:
Under exclusion of air the thioether and thiol complexes [Ru(SRR′)(PPh3)′S4′] (′S4′2- = 1,2-bis(2-mercaptophenylthio)ethane (2—)) easily react with CHCl3 yielding [Ru(Cl)(PPh3)(′S4′—CHCl2)] in which one thiolato atom of the ′S4′ ligand is diastereospecifically dichloromethylated. In the presence of air, however, [RuIII(Cl)(PPh3)′S4′] is formed.The molecular structures of [Ru(Cl)(PPh3)(′S4′-CHCl2)] · 2CHCl3 and [RuIII(Cl)(PPh3)′buS4′] have been determined by X-ray crystallography. ′buS4′2- (= 1,2-bis(3,5-di(t-butyl)-2-mercaptophenylthio)ethane(2-)) is the t-butyl derivative of the ′S4′ ligand. Reasons for observed diastereospecifity of alkylation are discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Lobring, Kim C., Changtong Hao, Jordan K. Forbes, Michael R. J. Ivanov, Steven M. Bachrach, and Lee S. Sunderlin. "Bond Strengths in ChCl3-and ChOCl3-(Ch = S, Se, Te): Experiment and Theory." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 107, no. 50 (December 2003): 11153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp030388v.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Petersen, Allan Christian, Theis I. Sølling, and Max D. J. Waters. "Symmetry-induced kinetic isotope effects in the dissociation dynamics of CHCl3+ and CHCl4−." Chemical Physics 515 (November 2018): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.051.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Anand, Sathanandam S., Madhusudan G. Soni, Vishal S. Vaidya, Subramanyam N. Murthy, Moiz M. Mumtaz, and Harihara M. Mehendale. "Extent and Timeliness of Tissue Repair Determines the Dose-Related Hepatotoxicity of Chloroform." International Journal of Toxicology 22, no. 1 (January 2003): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810305074.

Full text
Abstract:
As a part of mixture toxicity studies, the objective of the present investigation was to validate the hypothesis that the rate and extent of liver tissue repair response to a given dose determines the end result of toxicity (death or recovery), regardless of the mechanisms by which injury is inflicted, using a well-known environmental pollutant, chloroform (CHCl3). In future, the data will be used to compare with the results of mixtures containing CHCl3 to aid in characterizing the safety of chemical mixtures and to construct a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for dose, route, and species extrapolation. Hepatotoxicity and tissue repair were measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats (S–D) receiving a 10-fold dose range of CHCl3 (74, 185, 370, and 740 mg/kg, IP) during a time course of 0 to 96 hours. Liver injury, as assessed by plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) elevation, increased with dose over the 10-fold dose range. Because CHCl3 is also known to cause kidney damage, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were measured to evaluate the kidney injury. With doses up to 370 mg/kg, liver injury increased in a dose-related fashion, which peaked at 24 hours and returned to normal after 48 hours, whereas at highest dose (740 mg/kg), the injury was progressive resulting in 90% mortality. Blood and liver CHCl3 levels were quantified using gas chromatography (GC) over a time course of 30 to 360 minutes. The dose-related increase in the blood and liver CHCl3 levels were consistent with dose-dependent liver injury. Tissue regeneration response, as measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation into hepatocellular nuclear DNA peaked at 36 hours in rats treated with the lower two doses of CHCl3 (74 and 185 mg/kg). Further increase in CHCl3 dose to 370 mg/kg resulted in an earlier increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation at 24 hours, which peaked at 36 hours. However, at the highest dose of CHCl3 (740 mg/kg), tissue repair was delayed and attenuated, allowing for unrestrained progression of liver injury. The kidney injury markers after CHCl3 administration were not different from controls. These results support the concept that in addition to the magnitude of tissue repair response, the time at which this response occurs is critical in restraining the progression of injury. Measuring tissue repair and injury as simultaneous biological responses to toxic agents might increase the usefulness of dose-response paradigms in predictive toxicology and risk assessment. Although the dosimetry of the present study was well beyond the environmental exposure levels of CHCl3, a PBPK model will be developed in future based upon these data to evaluate the effects at environmental levels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Moniruzzaman, Md, Nayeema Parvin, Sabina Sultana, Mohammad Abdullah, Ataur Rahman Khan, and Nurul Islam. "Evaluation of Biological Activities of Evolvulus Nummularius L. through Insecticidal, Insect Repellency and Brine Shrimp Lethality Tests." Journal of Life and Earth Science 8 (August 23, 2014): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20153.

Full text
Abstract:
Assessment of Evolvulus nummularius L. through whole plant extracts (collected in petroleum ether [Pet.E.], chloroform [CHCl3] and methanol [MeOH]) were made against Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.) for insecticidal and insect repellency and against Artemia salina L. for brine shrimp lethality, and the results were promising. The LC50 values against T. castaneum adults for Pet.E. extract were 1.280, 1.220, 1.096 and 1.030?g cm-2; for CHCl3 extract 3.249, 2.990, 2.526 and 2.204?g cm-2; and for MeOH extract 2.925, 1.899, 1.875 and 1.789?g cm-2, respectively for 12, 24, 36 and 48h of exposure. The intensity of activity could be arranged in a descending order: Pet.E. extract> MeOH extract> CHCl3 extract. For repellency, CHCl3 and MeOH extracts offered moderate activity (P <0.01), but the Pet.E. extract did not show efficacy against the beetles. The same extracts responded positively in brine shrimp lethality assay where the LC50 values for Pet.E. extract were 141.553, 98.941, 24.684 and 8.560ppm; for CHCl3 extracts 699.048, 366.663, 326.0039 and 40.114ppm; and for MeOH extracts 2336.982, 1258.605, 355.962 and 137.0589ppm respectively for 12, 18, 24 and 30h of exposure. However, the intensity of activity could be arranged in a descending order: Pet.E. extract> CHCl3 extract> MeOH extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20153 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 101-104, 2013
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Hewitt, L. Arthur, Céline Valiquette, and Gabriel L. Plaa. "The role of biotransformation–detoxication in acetone-, 2-butanone-, and 2-hexanone-potentiated chloroform-induced hepatotoxicity." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 2313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-367.

Full text
Abstract:
The hepatotoxicity of chloroform (CHCl3) is thought to require biotransformation, by the polysubstrate monooxygenase system (P-450), to a reactive intermediate(s). Therefore, the potentiation of CHCl3-induced hepatotoxicity, which occurs following exposure to certain ketones, may hypothetically be explained by a reduced capacity of the cell to form glutathione conjugates (detoxicate the intermediate) and (or) by an increased rate of reactive intermediate(s) generation secondary to a modification of the P-450 system. To test these hypotheses, liver damage, as indicated by elevation in plasma alanine aminotransferase and ornithine carbamyl transferase activities, was modulated in male Sprague-Dawley rats by varying the time interval (10, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96 h) between acetone, 2-butanone, or 2-hexanone (15 mmol/kg, p.o.) pretreatment and CHCl3 (0.5 mL/kg, p.o.) administration. These data were compared with hepatic glutathione and with various parameters of the polysubstrate monooxygenase system: cytochrome P-450, cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome b5, and microsomal binding of 14CHCl3-derived radiolabel. Reduced detoxication capacity does not appear to be involved as hepatic glutathione levels were not reduced. Globally, a relationship between modifications to the polysubstrate monooxygenase system and potentiation of CHCl3-induced hepatotoxicity appears to exist. The rank order of each ketone's ability to modify P-450 parameters was the same in most instances as that based on peak ability to potentiate CHCl3-induced hepatotoxicity: 2-hexanone > 2-butanone ≥ acetone. Therefore, these results suggest that a general relationship exists between the ketone-induced potentiation of CHCl3-induced hepatotoxicity and increased CHCl3 reactive metabolite generation. However, other factors may also contribute to the phenomenon.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Nyquist, R. A. "Fermi Resonance Variability Induced by Solute/Solvent Interaction: Phthalic Anhydride." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 8 (November 1989): 1374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894204245.

Full text
Abstract:
The amount of Fermi resonance (F.R.) interaction between vo.p. (C=O)2 and a combination tone of phthalic anhydride varies systematically with change in the volume percent ratios of the solvents such as CHCl3/CCl4 and (CH3)2SO/CCl4. Correction for F.R. shows that vo.p. (C=O)2 decreases 5.2 cm−1 while the combination tone increases 3.2 cm−1 in going from CCl4 solution to CHCl3 solution. At 23.1 volume % CHCl3/CCl4, the bands in F.R. (1789 and 1776 cm−1) have equal intensity, and in this unique case both bands result from equal contributions from vo.p. (C=O)2 and the combination tone. The solute/solvent interaction in the (CH3)2SO/CCl4-phthalic anhydride system is even larger than that for the CHCl3/CCl4-phthalic anhydride system.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Fuß, W., and S. Weizbauer. "Anharmonische Konstanten von SiHCl3und CHCl3." Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 99, no. 3 (March 1995): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19950990309.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Maneshkarimi, M., and H. Heydtmann. "Infrared chemiluminescence in a mixed reaction situation: F + CH4 and F + CHCl3." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-105.

Full text
Abstract:
Infrared chemiluminescence from the product molecule HF (DF) was observed for the F + CH4(CD4) and F + CHCl3 reactions under low-pressure flow conditions. The reactions with methane and deuterated methane showed the well-known vibrational inversion effect. For the mixed reaction situation F + CH4(CD4) + CHCl3 it can be shown by switching between CH4 and CD4 that no special relaxation effects are present. The HF (DF) spectra can be explained by results from the isolated reactions. A non-inverted distribution was confirmed for F + CHCl3.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Worton, D. R., W. T. Sturges, J. Schwander, R. Mulvaney, J. M. Barnola, and J. Chappellaz. "20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri-and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 10 (July 12, 2006): 2847–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2847-2006.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. Four trihalomethane (THM; CHCl3, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl and CHBr3) and two dihalomethane (DHM; CH2BrCl and CH2Br2) trace gases have been measured in air extracted from polar firn collected at the North Greenland Icecore Project (NGRIP) site. CHCl3 was also measured in firn air from Devon Island (DI), Canada, Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica and Dome Concordia (Dome C), Antarctica. All of these species are believed to be almost entirely of natural origin except for CHCl3 where anthropogenic sources have been reported to contribute ~10% to the global burden. A 2-D atmospheric model was run for CHCl3 using reported emission estimates to produce historical atmospheric trends at the firn sites, which were then input into a firn diffusion model to produce concentration depth profiles that were compared against the measurements. The anthropogenic emissions were modified in order to give the best model fit to the firn data at NGRIP, Dome C and DML. As a result, the contribution of CHCl3 from anthropogenic sources, mainly from pulp and paper manufacture, to the total chloroform budget appears to have been considerably underestimated and was likely to have been close to ~50% at the maximum in atmospheric CHCl3 concentrations around 1990, declining to ~29% at the beginning of the 21st century. We also show that the atmospheric burden of the brominated THM's in the Northern Hemisphere have increased over the 20th century while CH2Br2 has remained constant over time implying that it is entirely of natural origin.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Worton, D. R., W. T. Sturges, J. Schwander, R. Mulvaney, J. M. Barnola, and J. Chappellaz. "20th Century trends and budget implications of trihalomethanes and dihalomethanes inferred from North GRIP firn air." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 1 (January 24, 2006): 701–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-701-2006.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. Four trihalomethane (THM; CHCl3, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl and CHBr3) and two dihalomethane (DHM; CH2BrCl and CH2Br2) trace gases have been measured in air extracted from polar firn collected at the North Greenland Icecore Project (NGRIP) site. CHCl3 was also measured in firn air from Devon Island (DI), Canada, Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica and Dome Concordia (Dome C), Antarctica. All of these species are believed to be almost entirely of natural origin except for CHCl3 where anthropogenic sources have been reported to contribute ~10% to the global burden. A 2-D atmospheric model was run for CHCl3 using reported emission estimates to produce historical atmospheric trends at the three firn sites, which were then input into a firn diffusion model to produce concentration depth profiles that were compared against the measurements. The anthropogenic emissions were modified in order to give the best model fit to the firn data at NGRIP, Dome C and DML. As a result, the contribution of CHCl3 from anthropogenic sources, mainly from pulp and paper manufacture, to the total chloroform budget appears to have been considerably underestimated and was likely to have been close to ~40% at the maximum in atmospheric CHCl3 concentrations around 1990, declining to ~19% at the beginning of the 21st Century. We also show that the atmospheric burden of the brominated THM's in the northern hemisphere have increased over the 20th Century while CH2Br2 has remained constant over time implying that it is entirely of natural origin.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Nyquist, Richard A., Sam E. Settineri, and Davin A. Luoma. "Infrared Study of Benzaldehyde and 4-Substituted Benzaldehydes in Carbon Tetrachloride and/or Chloroform Solutions: Aldehydic CH Group." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 2 (February 1992): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924125582.

Full text
Abstract:
The vCH and 2 δCH Fermi resonance doublet and unperturbed vCH and unperturbed 2 δCH for 4- x-benzaldehydes increase in frequency as the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 increases. One portion of the vCH and 2 δCH Fermi doublet occurs in the region 2726–2746 cm−1 and the other portion of the Fermi doublet occurs in the region 2805–2845 cm−1. The unperturbed vCH for 4- x-benzaldehydes is assigned in the region 2760–2810 cm−1. Submaxima are also noted for 4- x-benzaldehydes in the region 2726–2810 cm−1 and these bands are assigned to combination tones. The vasym. NO2 mode occurs in the region 1533.60–1538.73 cm−1 and the vsym. NO2 mode occurs in the region 1344.07–1345.63 cm−1 for 4-nitrobenzalde-hyde in CHCl3/CCl4 solutions. The vsym. NO2 mode shifts to lower frequency by ∼4.8 cm−1, while the vsym. NO2 mode shifts to higher frequency by ∼1.6 cm−1 in going from CCl4 solution to CHCl3 solution. The vCN mode for 4-cyanobenzaldehyde increases in frequency in a nonlinear manner as the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 increases. The vOH mode for 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde decreases in frequency in essentially a linear manner as the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 increases. The δCH mode for 4- x-benzaldehydes increases in frequency as the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 increases; however, neither unperturbed vCH nor δCH correlates with Hammett σp values.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Nesa, M., S. Islam, S. K. Sharma, S. B. Rekha, J. Ferdous, and N. Islam. "Bioactive Potentials of Cassia renigera Benth. Extracts against the Stored Product Pests Callosobruchus chinensis L., Sitophilus oryzae L. and Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.)." Journal of Scientific Research 9, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v9i4.32588.

Full text
Abstract:
Petroleum (Pet.) ether, CHCl3 and CH3OH extracts of Cassia renigera Benth. were tested against Callosobruchus chinensis L. for dose-mortality and repellency; and against Sitophilus oryzae L. and Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.) for repellent activity test. The Pet. ether extract of leaf was found active against C. chinensis adults through dose mortality assay and the LD50 values established were 9.270, 4.932, 2.032, 1.721, 1.671, 1.543, 1.513, 1.503 and 1.478 mg cm-2 for 0.5, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 h of exposure respectively. However, the leaf extracts of CHCl3 and CH3OH; as well as the Pet. ether, CHCl3 and CH3OH extracts of the stem-bark did not give mortality to the test organism. The CHCl3 extract of leaf showed repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum at 0.1% level of significance (P < 0.001), and the Pet. ether extracts of the leaf and the CH3OH extracts of the stem-bark offered repellency at 1% level of significance (P < 0.01) between dose levels. Only the CHCl3 extracts of the stem-bark gave repellency at 5% level of significance (P < 0.05), while the CH3OH extracts of leaf and Pet. ether extract of stem-bark did not show any significant repellency at all.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Hossain, S., S. A. Rimi, H. Ali, R. A. Shawon, M. Abdullah, and N. Islam. "Dose-mortality, Cytotoxicity and Repellent Activity of Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.), Artemia salina L. and Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.)." Journal of Scientific Research 9, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v9i4.32590.

Full text
Abstract:
Petroleum ether (Pet. ether), chloroform (CHCl3) and methanol (CH3OH) extracts of the aerial parts of Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet were subjected to dose-mortality against the stored grain pest Callosobruchus chinensis (L.), cytotoxicity against brine Shrimp Artemia salina L. nauplii and repellent activity against adult beetles of Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.). Against C. chinensis only CH3OH extract showed promising mortality and provided LD50 values 1.344, 1.294, 1.243 and 1.152 mg/cm2 after 6, 12, 18 and 24 h of exposure respectively, however, Pet. ether and CHCl3 extracts didn’t show mortality. Against A. salina nauplii Pet. ether, CHCl3 and CH3OH extracts showed cytotoxic effects; while Pet. ether extract gave LC50 values 2461.031, 642, 191.233, 94.618 ppm after 6, 12, 18 and 24 h of exposure respectively, and CHCl3 extract provided LC50 values 1336.124, 679.387, 276.961 and 199.988 ppm; and CH3OH offered 531.896, 212.840, 91.499 and 72.975 ppm after 6, 12, 18 and 24 h of exposure respectively. For repellency against T. castaneum adults CHCl3 extract showed significant result at 1% level of significance (P < 0.01), while the CH3OH extract showed moderate repellency at 5% level of significance (P < 0.05), but the Pet. ether extract didn’t show any significant repellent activity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Gallegos, Maria V., Gabriela Garbarino, Jorge Esteban Colman Lerner, Elisabetta Finocchio, Guido Busca, Jorge Enrique Sambeth, and Miguel Angel Peluso. "AN IR AND FLOW REACTOR STUDY OF CHLOROFORM OXIDATION OVER MANGANESE OXIDES." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 51, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2021.193.

Full text
Abstract:
A series of manganese base oxides (MnCe, MnZr and MnCeZr) obtained by co-precipitation, were characterized by SBET, XRD, TPR, XPS and studiedby FTIR in the oxidation reaction of a typical Cl-VOC such as chloroform, CHCl3. The oxides were compared with a manganeseoxide obtained from the recycling of spent batteries (MnOx). In addition, the catalytic combustion of CHCl3 in a fixed-bed reactor was analyzed and the CHCl3 conversion decreased in the order: MnZr > MnOx = MnCeZr >MnCe. In all cases, the conversion is higher than that obtained without a catalyst. The surface Mn4+/Mn3+ ratio would favor the decomposition of Cl-VOC. The study of CHCl3 reaction atmosphere by in situ IR reveals that in the absence of catalysts, CCl4, COCl2, C2Cl4 and CH2Cl2 were observed. On the other hand, C2Cl4 is not formed in the presence of catalysts, although CCl4 and CH2Cl2 were observed and must be avoided
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Mhadhebi, Lamia, Audrey Laroche-Clary, Jacque Robert, and Abderrahman Bouraoui. "Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of organic fractions from the Mediterranean brown seaweed Cystoseira sedoides." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 89, no. 12 (December 2011): 911–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y11-093.

Full text
Abstract:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of organic fractions from Cystoseira sedoides (Desfontaines) C. Agardh . Various fractions of C. sedoides (chloroform (F-CHCl3), ethyl acetate (F-AcOEt), and methanol (F-MeOH)) were screened for total phenol content, as well as antioxidant activity, using the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and assays for determining the reducing power of these fractions. The anti-inflammatory properties of these fractions were assessed using the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model. The antiproliferative activity of C. sedoides fractions was evaluated on normal Madin–Darby canine kiney (MDCK), and fibroblast cells and on cancer cell lines (A549, MCF7, and HCT15), using the ability of the cells to metabolically reduce 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) formazan dyes. The F-CHCl3 and F-AcOEt fractions showed significant total phenolic content at 55.09 and 61.30 mg gallic-acid equivalent/g dried sample, respectively. Using the DPPH method, the F-CHCl3 and the F-AcOEt fractions exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity, with IC50 120 µg/mL for F-CHCl3 and 121 µg/mL for F-AcOEt, which approaches the activity of the powerful antioxidant standard, Trolox (IC50 = 90 µg/mL). The reducing power of the samples was in the following order: F-AcOEt > F-CHCl3 > F-MeOH fraction. The F-CHCl3 and F-AcOEt fractions of C. sedoides tested at different doses (25 and 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p)), exhibited a dose-dependent reduction of rat paw oedema. The percentage of inhibition of oedema, 3 h after carrageenan injection, ranged from 67.71% to 73.49% and from 67.74% to 74.58%, for F-CHCl3 and F-AcOEt, respectively. Their effects are comparable with that of lysine acetylsalicylate (300 mg/kg body mass; i.p.), which is used as a reference drug with the ability to inhibit oedema by 66.14%. Our results revealed that the F-CHCl3 and F-AcOEt fractions from C. sedoides showed important antiproliferative properties towards all of the cancer cell lines studied here, as judged by their IC50 values, which ranged from 52.6 to 66.5 µg/mL for A549; 22.4 to 70.2 µg/mL for MCF7, and 250.6 to 255.3 µg/mL for HCT15. Moreover, no visible destruction or alteration of normal cells was observed, even at 500 µg/mL F-CHCl3 or F-AcOEt. These results suggest that C. sedoides fractions might be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor agents. The purification and determination of the chemical structures of the compounds in these active fractions are under investigation. The results could provide a compound(s) with a promising role in future medicines and nutrition, when used either as a drug or a dietary supplement.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Hensena, Karl, Markus Kettner, Thorsten Stumpf, and Michael Bolte. "Synthese und Kristallstrukturbestimmung von Silicium-Komplexen der Koordinationszahl sechs mit Dimethylpyridinen/ Syntheses and Crystal Structure Determination of Hexacoordinated Silicon-Complexes with Dimethylpyridines." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 55, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2000-1003.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Trichlorosilane, HSiCl3, forms with 3,4-dimethylpyridine in aprotic solvents a crystalline l:2-compound which is stable at room temperature and readily soluble in CHCl3. Colourless crystals of the dicationic complex, [H2Si(3,4-dimethylpyridine)4]2+ 2Cl- · 6 CHCl3 (verified by X-ray structure analysis) are obtained by dismutation of HSiCl3(3,4-dimethylpyridine)2 in CHCl3 within one week at room temperature.29Si NM R indicates that SiCl4 is generated as a second product. H2SiCl2 with 2,4-dimethylpyridine as well as MeHSiBr2 with 3,5-dimethylpyridine in aprotic solvents form 1:2-compounds stable at room temperature. X-ray structure analyses in both cases establish neutral-complexes with a hexa-coordinated silicon atom
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Vézina, Manon, Adriane B. Kobusch, Patrick du Souich, Erminio Greselin, and Gabriel L. Plaa. "Potentiation of chloroform-induced hepatotoxicity by methyl isobutyl ketone and two metabolites." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-159.

Full text
Abstract:
The hepatonecrogenic properties of chloroform (CHCl3) can be modified by the administration of various chemicals. The ability of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and its two major metabolites, 4-methyl-2-pentanol (4MPOL) and 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone (4-OHMIBK) to potentiate the liver injury induced by CHCl3 was assessed in rats. The parent compound and both metabolites significantly increased the liver damage induced by CHCl3, as demonstrated by the elevation of the plasma activity of two transferases alanine aminotransferase and ornithine carbamoyl transferase and by the severity of the morphological changes. Moreover, the minimally effective dosage needed to potentiate CHCl3-induced hepatotoxicity was approximately 5 mmol/kg for the three compounds. We also studied the inducing properties of MIBK (cytochrome P-450 liver content and the activity of aniline hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, and aminopyrine N-demethylase). Cytochrome P-450 content and the oxidation of aniline and 7-ethoxycoumarin were significantly increased with either a single (7.5 mmol/kg or greater) or a multiple (5.0 and 7.5 mmol∙kg−1∙day−1 for 5 days) administration of MIBK. An increase in the activity of the aminopyrine demethylase was also elicited by the repetitive administration of MIBK. With gel electrophoresis, we found that MIBK significantly increased the 52.1- and 54.1-kDa proteins, corresponding most probably to P-450 isozymes.Key words: methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone metabolites, CHCl3 hepatotoxicity, potentiation, enzyme induction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Reid, Mike, Victoria Green, and Sven P. K. Koehler. "Near-threshold photodissociation dynamics of CHCl3." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 13 (2014): 6068–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp55348e.

Full text
Abstract:
Dissociation dynamics of chloroform near the threshold investigated using the velocity-map imaging technique show that the three lowest states 3Q1, 1Q1, and 3Q0 are involved in the dynamics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Katsumura, Y., and R. E. Bühler. "The anions of CHCl3 and CH2Cl2." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 34, no. 4 (January 1989): 543–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0197(89)90059-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Cieri, Ugo R. "Determination of Reserpine in Commercial Tablets by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 3 (May 1, 1985): 542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.3.542.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract A procedure is presented for the determination of reserpine in commercial tablets by liquid chromatography (LC). The sample is extracted with methanol if only reserpine is present. If the sample contains other ingredients, CHCl3 is used for extraction from aqueous suspension; the CHCl3 is subsequently completely evaporated in the presence of methanol. For LC, a normal phase column, methanol as the eluting solvent, and a fluorometric detector are used. A recovery study indicated that no measurable degradation of reserpine occurs during evaporation of the CHCl3 extract. Several commercial tablets containing reserpine alone or in combination with other ingredients were analyzed by the proposed method, and the results were compared with those obtained by the current official USP methods for reserpine.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Delmotte, A., M. Biesemans, H. Rahier, M. Gielen, and E. W. Meijer. "Formation of poly(2,5-dibutoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene) at room temperature in CHCl3 catalysed by CHCl3 photoproducts." Synthetic Metals 58, no. 3 (May 1993): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(93)91141-n.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Nyquist, R. A., C. L. Putzig, and L. Yurga. "Solvent and Concentration Effects on Carbonyl Stretching Frequencies: Ketones." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 6 (August 1989): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894203769.

Full text
Abstract:
Hydrogen bonding, dielectric effects, and steric effects are all factors which determine the carbonyl stretching frequency, vC=O, of ketones in solution. The vC=O frequency for ketones shifts continuously at constant concentration in solutions of CHCl3/CCl4 with change in the mole ratio of the two solvents. The vC=O frequency is also affected by change in concentration in either CCl4 or CHCl3 solution.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Fernández-G., Juan N., Raúl G. Enríquez, Amalia Tobón-Cervantes, Margarita I. Bernal-Uruchurtu, René Villena-I, William F. Reynolds, and Ji-Ping Yang. "The crystal and molecular structures of N,N′-di(2-acetylcyclohexenyl)ethylenediamine and its copper(II) complex." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-053.

Full text
Abstract:
The crystal structures of N,N′-di(2-acetylcyclohexenyl)ethylenediamine (L1) and its copper(II) complex, which crystallizes with one solvent molecule of chloroform (Cu(L1-2H)•CHCl3), were determined. Crystallographic details are as follows: L1 is monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 8.280(2), b = 11.692(2), and c = 9.355(2) Å, β = 114.10(2)°, V = 826.7(3) Å3, Z = 2; ρc = 1.22 g cm−3, μ(Cu Kα) = 5.93 cm−1, with the final residual indices of R = 0.046 and Rw = 0.070 for 991 unique reflections. Cu(L1-2H)•CHCl3 is triclinic, space group[Formula: see text] with a = 11.121(3), b = 11.713(3), and c = 8.974(2) Å, α = 99.35(2)°, β = 110.83(2)°, γ = 82.33(2)°, V = 1074(1) Å3, Z = 2; ρc = 1.50 g cm−3, μ(Cu Kα) = 50.74 cm−1, with the final residual indices of R = 0.048 and Rw = 0.077 for 2369 unique reflections. The X-ray diffraction study shows that in the crystal state the ligand L1 is in the methylketonecyclohexanonenamine isomeric form. For the copper complex Cu(L1 2H)•CHC13, the geometry around the metal atom is distorted square planar, and the angle between the chelate ring planes in the complex is 15.1°. An NMR study shows that L1 in solution has the same structure as that observed in the solid state by X-ray diffraction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Zhu, Chongwei, Carine Duhayon, Alix Saquet, Valérie Maraval, and Remi Chauvin. "Selective access to p-dialkyl-carbo-benzenes from a [6]pericyclynedione: the n-butyl nucleophile model for a metal switch study." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 95, no. 4 (April 2017): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2016-0629.

Full text
Abstract:
The synthesis, spectroscopic properties, comparative electrochemical behavior in CHCl3 vs CH2Cl2, and X-ray crystal structure of p-di-n-butyl-tetraphenyl-carbo-benzene are described. The selectivity of preparation of the ultimate [6]pericyclynediol precursor has been examined by comparing the reactivity of the [6]pericyclynedione substrate with four n-Bu-MXn nucleophiles involving more or less halogenated metal centers MXn (0 ≤ n ≤ 2): Li, MgBr, MgCl, CeCl2/LiCl. The cerium reagent is found to be the most efficient, giving approximately twice the yield given by Grignard reagents in the target diadduct (90% vs 51%–53%). The dibutyl-carbo-benzene product happens to be soluble in both CHCl3 and CH2Cl2: cyclic voltammograms of either solution exhibit almost identical peak potentials with reduced reversibility of the redox processes in CHCl3.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Kaseer Aman, Ishan. "Changes occur from mixing chemical compounds: electrovalent bonds and covalent bonds." International Journal Papier Advance and Scientific Review 1, no. 1 (August 30, 2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47667/ijpasr.v1i1.7.

Full text
Abstract:
This article aims to distinguish compounds that have electrovalent and covalent bonds and distinguish between complex and non-complex formation reactions. This method by observing through the materials used in this experiment are NaCl, AgNO3, CHCl3, KCNS, CH3COOH, CCl4, C2H5OH, K3Fe (CN) 6, HCl, methyl orange (MO), BaCl2, K4Fe (CN) 6, CuSO4, NH4OH, and FeCl3. The results of the observations found a difference between complex and non-complex compounds. When mixed with KCNS, they can react which is indicated by a change in color, while non-complex compounds cannot react. The equation between ethanol solution and CHCl3, if each solution is added AgNO3 will produce a covalent compound, but the change is different where ethanol is added to AgNO3 to become cloudy white, while CHCl3 does not react.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Rimi, S. A., S. Hossain, S. Islam, Z. Islam, S. B. Chhabi, and N. Islam. "Bioactive Potentials of Cleome viscosa L. Extracts: Dose-mortality, Insect Repellency and Brine Shrimp Lethality." Journal of Scientific Research 9, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v9i4.32592.

Full text
Abstract:
Petroleum ether (Pet. ether), chloroform (CHCl3) and methanol (CH3OH) extracts of Cleome viscosa have thoroughly screened against Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.) for repellency and dose mortality, against Callosobruchus chinensis for dose mortality activities, and against Artemia salina nauplii for lethality. In case of repellency of T. castaneum, Pet. ether extract found significantly active at 1% level of significance (P < 0.01), CHCl3 extract offered activity at 5% level of significance (P < 0.05) and CH3OH extract did not show any activity at all. In case of mortality against T. castaneum the LD50 values of Pet. ether, CHCl3, and CH3OH extracts were 2.380, 2.188, 1.867, 1.658 and 1.429 mg/cm2; 4.950, 2.906, 2.664, 2.658 and 2.609 mg/cm2; and 4.950 and 2.791, 2.609, 2.552 and 2.474 mg/cm2 after 0.5, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h of exposure respectively. Against C. chinensis the LD50 values of the same extracts were 0.781, 0.670, 0.642, 0.614, 0.560 and 0.494 mg/cm2; 1.964, 1.050, 0.867, 0.725, 0.635 and 0.590 mg/cm2; and 2.631, 1.851, 1.471, 1.703, 1.524 and 1.457 mg/cm2 after 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 h of exposure respectively. In case of cytotoxicity test against A. salina, the extracts offered LC50 values in a descending order CH3OH > CHCl3 > Pet. ether extracts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Chang, Yi Tsung, Ming Ru Tang, Wei Chen Tu, Yu Chen Cheng, and Chia Hua Chan. "Enhanced Fluorescence of SiO2 Balls/Ag/Glass Structure Using by Surface Plasmons." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.164.

Full text
Abstract:
This study describes the absorption, transmission and reflection spectra of Ag/Ti/SiO2balls/glass and CHCl3:Alq3/Ag/Ti/SiO2balls/glass structures with 200 ~ 650nm SiO2balls, respectively. The enhanced fluorescence in a CHCl3:Alq3 (60nm)/Ag (70nm) / Ti (5nm) /SiO2balls /glass structure using by surface plasmons when the light was irradiated from the backside was observed. It can be applied to improve bio-plasmonic device, organic light emitting diode and solar cell optical devices efficiency.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Carpenter, L. J., D. J. Wevill, S. O'Doherty, G. Spain, and P. G. Simmonds. "Atmospheric bromoform at Mace Head, Ireland: seasonality and evidence for a peatland source." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 11 (November 2, 2005): 2927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2927-2005.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. In situ atmospheric observations of bromoform (CHBr3) made over a 2.5 year period at Mace Head, Ireland from May 2001- Dec 2003, including during the NAMBLEX (North Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer Experiment) campaign, show broad maxima from spring until autumn and winter minima, with mixing ratios of 5.3+1.0 pptv (mid March - mid October) and 1.8+0.8 pptv (December-February). This indicates that, unlike CHCl3, which has a summer minimum and winter maximum at Mace Head, local biological sources of CHBr3 have a greater influence on the atmospheric data than photochemical decay during long-range transport. The emission sources are predominantly macroalgal, but we find evidence for a small terrestrial flux from peatland ecosystems, which so far has not been accounted for in the CHBr3 budget. Sharp increases in CHCl3 and CHBr3 concentrations and decreases in O3 concentrations occurred at night when the wind direction switched from an ocean- to a land-based sector (land breeze) and the wind speed dropped to below 5 ms-1. These observations infer a shallow atmospheric boundary layer with increased O3 deposition and concentration of local emissions of both CHCl3 and CHBr3. The ratio of ΔCHCl3/ΔCHBr3 varied strongly according to the prevailing wind direction; from 0.60+0.15 in south-easterly (100-170° and northerly (340-20°) air to 2.5+0.4 in north-easterly (40-70°) air. Of these land-sectors, the south-easterly air masses are likely to be strongly influenced by macroalgal beds along the coast and the emission ratios probably reflect those from seaweeds in addition to land sources. The north-easterly airmasses however had an immediate fetch inland, which locally is comprised of coastal peatland ecosystems (peat bogs and coastal conifer plantations), previously identified as being strong sources of atmospheric CHCl3 under these conditions. Although we cannot entirely rule out other local land or coastal sources, our observations also suggest peatland ecosystem emissions of CHBr3. We use correlations between CHCl3 and CHBr3 during the north-easterly land breeze events in conjunction with previous estimates of local wetland CHCl3 release to tentatively deduce a global wetland CHBr3 source of 20.4(0.4-948) Gg yr-1, which is approximately 7% of the total global source.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Carpenter, L. J., D. J. Wevill, S. O’Doherty, G. Spain, and P. G. Simmonds. "Atmospheric bromoform at Mace Head, Ireland: Evidence for a peatland source." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 4 (August 15, 2005): 5935–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-5935-2005.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. In situ atmospheric observations of bromoform (CHBr3) made over a 2.5 year period at Mace Head, Ireland from May 2001–December 2003, including during the NAMBLEX (North Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer Experiment) campaign, show broad maxima from spring until autumn and winter minima, with mixing ratios of 5.3+1.0 pptv (mid March–mid October) and 1.8+0.8 pptv (December–February). This indicates that, unlike CHCl3, which has a summer minimum and winter maximum at Mace Head, local biological sources of CHBr3 have a greater influence on the atmospheric data than photochemical decay during long-range transport. The emission sources are predominantly macroalgal, but we find evidence for a small terrestrial flux from peatland ecosystems, which so far has not been accounted for in the CHBr3 budget. Sharp increases in CHCl3 and CHBr3 concentrations and decreases in O3 concentrations occurred at night when the wind direction switched from an ocean- to a land-based sector (land breeze) and the wind speed dropped to below 5 ms−1. These observations infer a shallow atmospheric boundary layer with increased O3 deposition and concentration of local emissions of both CHCl3 and CHBr3. The ratio of ΔCHCl3/ΔCHBr3 varied strongly according to the prevailing wind direction; from 0.6+0.1 in south-easterly (100–170°) air to 1.9+0.8 in north-easterly (40–70°) air. Of these land-sectors, the south-easterly air masses are likely to be strongly influenced by macroalgal beds along the coast and the emission ratios probably reflect those from seaweeds in addition to land sources. The north-easterly airmasses however have a fetch predominantly over land, which locally is comprised of coastal peatland ecosystems (peat bogs and coastal conifer plantations), previously identified as being strong sources of atmospheric CHCl3 under these conditions. Although we cannot entirely rule out other local land or coastal sources, our observations also suggest peatland ecosystem emissions of CHBr3. We use correlations between CHCl3 and CHBr3 during the land breeze events in conjunction with previous estimates of local wetland CHCl3 release to tentatively deduce a global wetland CHBr3 source of 26.9 (0.5–1247) Gg yr−1, which is approximately 10% of the total global source.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Fatema, N., K. Hasan, A. Islam, N. Yasmin, M. Nesa, and N. Islam. "Cytotoxicity Assessment of Heritiera Littoralis (Aiton), Madhuca Longifolia (König) Macbr., Nerium Indicum Mill. And Sapium Indicum (Willd.) Leaves on Artemia Salina (L.)." Journal of Bio-Science 29, no. 2 (August 4, 2021): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v29i2.54962.

Full text
Abstract:
Petroleum ether, CHCl3 and CH3OH extracts of leaves of Heritiera littoralis (Aiton), Madhuca longifolia (König) Macbr., Nerium indicum Mill. and Sapium indicum (Willd.) were subjected to assess cytotoxicity against Artemia salina (L.) nauplii. The petroleum ether extract of H. littoralis leaves showed LC50 values 273.77, 97.27, 51.60, 37.12, 14.60 and 12.59 ppm after 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h; the CHCl3 extract showed LC50 values 733.25, 105.51, 40.72 and 18.20 ppm after 6, 12, 18 and 24 h whereas CH3OH extract showed 73.05, 30.62, 24.56, 20.85, 16.21 and 6.71 ppm after 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 h of exposure respectively. The petroleum ether extract of M. longifolia leaves possess LC50 values 259.35, 115.17, 56.84 and 8.73 ppm after 12, 18, 24 and 30 h; the CHCl3 extract possess LC50 values 585.43, 205.86, 112.74, 75.62, 52.84and 47.34 ppm after 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h but CH3OH extract possess LC50 values 185.87, 60.70, 30.11 and 15.39 ppm after 12, 18, 24 and 30 h of exposure respectively. The petroleum ether extract of N. Indicum leaves recorded LC50 values 249.82, 146.07, 80.23, 54.21 and 40.19 ppm after 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h; the CHCl3 extract gave LC50 values 36.13, 21.72, 19.03, 16.81 and 16.34 ppm after 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 h but CH3OH extract recorded LC50 values 394.90, 129.69, 81.50, 73.10 and 37.51 ppm after 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h of exposure respectively. Similarly, the petroleum ether extract of S. indicum leaves showed LC50 values 24.79, 13.18 and 4.61 ppm after 12, 18 and 24 h; the CHCl3 extract were 50.45, 42.64, 21.20 and 14.93 ppm after 18, 24, 30 and 36 h of exposure and the CH3OH extract showed LC50 values 306.37, 217.18, 149.38, 73.52, 54.45 and 22.91 ppm after 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h of exposure respectively. The intensity of efficacy of the extracts could be arranged in the following descending order of S. indicum (petroleum etroleum ether extract) >H. littoralis (CH3OH extract) >M. longifolia (petroleum ether extract) >N. indicum (CHCl3 extract). J. Bio-Sci. 29(2): 139-149, 2021 (December)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Dąbrowska, L. "Removal of THM precursors in the coagulation using pre-hydrolyzed salts and enhanced with activated carbon." Water Supply 18, no. 6 (January 31, 2018): 1996–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.021.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the coagulation process in reducing the level of pollution of surface water with organic substances. The coagulants used in the study were aluminium sulphate and pre-hydrolyzed polyaluminium chlorides PAX. Powdered activated carbons with trade names AKPA and CWZ were used for the enhancement of coagulation. Lowering the total organic carbon (TOC) content in water after the coagulation was in the range of 15–45%, and the oxygen consumption in the range of 27–63%, depending on the used coagulant. The largest reduction in values of those indicators were stated using PAX. In the surface water subjected to chlorination, presence of CHCl3 and CHCl2Br was demonstrated, and CHBr3 and CHClBr2 were not detected. CHCl3 and CHCl2Br concentration was equal to 65.3 and 7.4 μg/L, respectively. In the water subjected to chlorination after the coagulation process and after the process of coagulation enhanced with powdered activated carbon, CHCl3 concentration ranged from 55.8 to 39.8 μg/L, while CHCl2Br ranged from 7.8 to 9.0 μg/L. These were values by 13–35% lower than trihalomethane (THM) concentration obtained in untreated surface water subjected to chlorination. The lowest CHCl3 concentration were obtained in chlorinated water after prior purification with PAX-XL19 and powdered activated carbon CWZ.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Nyquist, Richard A., Davin A. Luoma, and Curt L. Putzig. "Vibrational Study of Alkyl Isocyanates in Solution." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 6 (June 1992): 972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924124394.

Full text
Abstract:
The vasym. NCO frequencies for alkyl isocyanates occur at higher frequency in CHCl3 solution than in CCl4 solution. With the exception of tert-butyl isocyanate, the vasym. NCO mode increases in frequency as the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 increases. The vasym. NCO mode for tert-butyl analog increases in frequency up to a certain mole % CHCl3/CCl4 and then vasym. NCO decreases in frequency. The vasym. NCO mode for n-butyl isocyanate occurs at an exceptionally high frequency for the alkyl isocyanate studied, and this result is explained in terms of the formation of a pseudo six-membered intermolecular hydrogen-bonded ring. Inductive and steric factors also influence the type and form of solvent/solute complexes formed vs. mole % CHCl3/CCl4 as determined by study of the vasym. NCC frequencies. In general, the vasym. NCO and the vsym. NCO modes for alky isocyanates decrease in frequency as the number of hydrogen atoms on the α-carbon atom of the alkyl group decreases from 3, to 2, to 1, to 0. Some of the alkyl isocyanates exhibit two significant IR bands in the region expected for vasym. NCO, and the methyl analog exhibits three significant bands in this region of the spectrum. These IR bands are the result of vasym. NCO in Fermi resonance with combination tones, and the unperturbed frequencies have been calculated with the use of the recorded data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Checchetto, Riccardo, Daniele Rigotti, Alessandro Pegoretti, and Antonio Miotello. "Chloroform desorption from poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites: a thermal desorption spectroscopy study." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1216.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractBiopolymer nanocomposites were prepared by solvent casting dispersing lauryl-functionalized cellulose nano-fibrils (CNF) in a poly(lactic acid) matrix (PLA). The release of residual chloroform (CHCl3) solvent molecules was studied by Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) analysis. TDS spectra of the PLA matrix show a single desorption peak at TP = 393 K with FWHM ~10 K, compatible with a zero-order desorption kinetics. This narrow TDS peak was accurately reproduced assuming that: (i) the rate limiting step is given by the CHCl3 de-trapping from sites in the PLA matrix where residual solvent molecules form small aggregates and (ii) the activation energy for desorption linearly decreases from 1.19 eV for saturated traps to 1.11 eV when the traps occupancy by solvent molecules approaches zero. The balance energy term ϵD = −0.08 eV is due to the attractive interactions between trapped CHCl3 molecules. Adding CNF particles to the PLA matrix the zero-order peak shifts to lower temperatures and a second peak with FWHM ~60 K appears at higher temperatures. This second peak is compatible with a first-order desorption kinetics and is attributed to the release of dispersed CHCl3 molecules from trapping sites in PLA-CNF interface region. The obtained information are of interest for applications in food and electronic packaging and for the development of medical materials.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Mele, P. M., and M. R. Carter. "SHORT COMMUNICATION: Estimation of microbial biomass by ninhydrin-reactive N using liquid chloroform." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 76, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss96-006.

Full text
Abstract:
Ninhydrin-reactive N (NRN), which is a reliable and sensitive indicator of soil microbial biomass, was measured in extracts of three Australian duplex soils, under different tillage systems, fumigated using either vaporized or liquid CHCl3. Although the relationship between the two fumigation-extraction methods was influenced by soil type, the use of liquid CHCl3 appears to be a promising technique to allow greater ease and speed for releasing NRN in microbial biomass analysis. Key words: Duplex soils, tillage, microbial biomass, fumigation-extraction method
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Kobayashi, Rika, Roger D. Amos, Henrik Koch, and Poul Jørgensen. "Dynamic CCSD polarisabilities of CHF3 and CHCl3." Chemical Physics Letters 253, no. 5-6 (May 1996): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(96)00328-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Hippler, Michael. "Quantum-chemical study of CHCl3–SO2 association." Journal of Chemical Physics 123, no. 20 (November 22, 2005): 204311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2121609.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Wang, Ming-Liang, Ke-Li Han, Ji-Ping Zhan, Jian-Hua Huang, and Guo-Zhong He. "Rotational alignment from the reactions and CHCl3." Chemical Physics 236, no. 1-3 (September 1998): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0104(98)00194-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Caballero, Nirvana B., Mariano Zuriaga, Marcelo A. Carignano, and Pablo Serra. "Molecular kinetics of solid and liquid CHCl3." Chemical Physics Letters 585 (October 2013): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2013.08.105.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Denifl, S., A. Mauracher, P. Sulzer, A. Bacher, T. D. Märk, and P. Scheier. "Free electron attachment to the chloromethane CHCl3." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 265, no. 2-3 (September 2007): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2007.01.021.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Amina, Boudjada, Touil Ahmed, Bendif Hamdi, Bensouici Chawki, and Rhouati Salah. "PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, PHENOLIC CONTENTS, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CRATAEGUS AZAROLUS EXTRACTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.23724.

Full text
Abstract:
Objective: The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from Crataegus azarolus (L.) and the antioxidant evaluation of its extracts and compounds.Methods: The air-dried powdered parts of the plant were extracted with 70% methanol and fractionated by chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The n-butanol extract was separated using polyamide SC6 column and silica gel TLC. In addition, a fraction of silica gel column of the CHCl3 extract was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS). The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of CHCl3 and n-butanol extracts were estimated. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of CHCl3, n-butanol extracts, and two flavonoids were evaluated according to five different methods.Results: Eight compounds were identified in CHCl3 and n-butanol extracts, among them, five volatile compounds identified by GC–MS for the 1st time from the species, as well as three known flavonol glycosides identified by spectral analysis (ultraviolet,1H-nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], and13C-NMR) and by comparison with literature data. The n-butanol extract showed the higher content of polyphenols (307.33 ± 2.33 mg (gallic acid equivalents)/g extract) and flavonoids (143.0 ± 2.12 mg QE/g extract) and it proves the highest antioxidant activity with all assays used.Conclusion: Five volatile compounds were identified for the 1st time from the C. azarolus and the antioxidant potential of plant extracts was measured using five different methods.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography