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Journal articles on the topic 'Chd-fa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wu, Hongyu, Eric L. Ding, Estefanía T. Toledo, Hannia Campos, Ana Baylin, Frank B. Hu, and Qi Sun. "A novel fatty acid lipophilic index and risk of CHD in US men: the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 3 (January 8, 2013): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512005272.

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Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between an overall fatty acid (FA) profile and CHD risk. The aim of the present study was to examine a novel index that summarises individual FA levels based on FA affinity and fluidity in relation to CHD risk in men. In a prospective nested case–control study, FA in plasma and erythrocytes were measured in 459 CHD cases and 879 matched controls. Lipophilic index (LI) was computed by summing the products between FA levels and melting point of each FA to reflect the overall FA lipophilicity. Among controls, higher plasma LI was significantly correlated with adverse profiles of blood lipids, inflammatory markers and adiponectin. After multivariate adjustment for age, smoking, BMI and other CHD risk factors, plasma LI was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD: the relative risk was 1·61 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·53; P for trend = 0·04) comparing extreme quintiles. This association was attenuated to 1·21 (95 % CI 0·48, 3·09; P for trend = 0·77) after adjusting for plasma levels of total trans-FA, long-chain n-3 FA and polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio. Erythrocyte LI was not significantly associated with CHD risk. The present data indicate that a novel LI is associated with an adverse profile of cardiovascular risk markers and increased risk of CHD in men; its usefulness as a complement of individual FA in assessing disease risk needs to be elucidated in future studies.
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2

Brewster, Ryan C., Tricia Z. King, Thomas G. Burns, David M. Drossner, and William T. Mahle. "White Matter Integrity Dissociates Verbal Memory and Auditory Attention Span in Emerging Adults with Congenital Heart Disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 21, no. 1 (January 2015): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771400109x.

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AbstractWhite matter disruptions have been identified in individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, no specific theory-driven relationships between microstructural white matter disruptions and cognition have been established in CHD. We conducted a two-part study. First, we identified significant differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) of emerging adults with CHD using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). TBSS analyses between 22 participants with CHD and 18 demographically similar controls identified five regions of normal appearing white matter with significantly lower FA in CHD, and two higher. Next, two regions of lower FA in CHD were selected to examine theory-driven differential relationships with cognition: voxels along the left uncinate fasciculus (UF; a tract theorized to contribute to verbal memory) and voxels along the right middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP; a tract previously linked to attention). In CHD, a significant positive correlation between UF FA and memory was found, r(20)=.42, p=.049 (uncorrected). There was no correlation between UF and auditory attention span. A positive correlation between MCP FA and auditory attention span was found, r(20)=.47, p=.027 (uncorrected). There was no correlation between MCP and memory. In controls, no significant relationships were identified. These results are consistent with previous literature demonstrating lower FA in younger CHD samples, and provide novel evidence for disrupted white matter integrity in emerging adults with CHD. Furthermore, a correlational double dissociation established distinct white matter circuitry (UF and MCP) and differential cognitive correlates (memory and attention span, respectively) in young adults with CHD. (JINS, 2015, 21, 22–33)
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3

Clarke, Robert, Martin Shipley, Jane Armitage, Rory Collins, and William Harris. "Plasma phospholipid fatty acids and CHD in older men: Whitehall study of London civil servants." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 2 (December 24, 2008): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508143562.

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Dietary fatty acids (FA) are the major determinants of blood lipids, and measurements of plasma phospholipid FA (PL-FA) composition that reflect the dietary intake of FA may provide insights into the relationships between diet and CHD. We assessed CHD mortality associations with PL-FA (SFA, PUFA and MUFA) levels measured in a nested case–control study of 116 cases of CHD death and 239 controls that were frequency-matched for age and employment grade. The participants had plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol, apo B and apo A1, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen recorded. SFA levels were significantly positively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL-C, apo B, CRP protein and fibrinogen. By contrast, phospholipid-PUFA were inversely associated with CRP, but not with any of the lipids. A higher SFA content (top v. bottom quarter) was associated with a 2-fold higher risk of CHD (OR and 95 % CI: OR 2·12; 95 % CI: 1·13, 3·99), and an equivalent difference in PUFA was associated with a halving in CHD risk (OR 0·49; 95 % CI: 0·26, 0·94), but MUFA was unrelated to CHD risk. These associations were substantially attenuated, after additional adjustment for lipids and inflammatory markers. Higher levels of saturated fat and lower levels of polyunsaturated fats were each associated with a higher risk of CHD in elderly men, and these associations were partly explained by their effects on blood lipids and biomarkers of inflammation.
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4

Liu, Qing, Nirupa R. Matthan, JoAnn E. Manson, Barbara V. Howard, Lesley F. Tinker, Marian L. Neuhouser, Linda V. Van Horn, et al. "Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Matched Case-Control Study within the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071672.

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Background and Aims: The association of fatty acids with coronary heart disease (CHD) has been examined, mainly through dietary measurements, and has generated inconsistent results due to measurement error. Large observational studies and randomized controlled trials have shown that plasma phospholipid fatty acids (PL-FA), especially those less likely to be endogenously synthesized, are good biomarkers of dietary fatty acids. Thus, PL-FA profiles may better predict CHD risk with less measurement error. Methods: We performed a matched case-control study of 2428 postmenopausal women nested in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Plasma PL-FA were measured using gas chromatography and expressed as molar percentage (moL %). Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (95% CIs) for CHD associated with 1 moL % change in PL-FA. Results: Higher plasma PL long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) were associated with increased CHD risk, while higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were associated with decreased risk. No significant associations were observed for very-long-chain SFA, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), PUFA n-6 or trans fatty acids (TFA). Substituting 1 moL % PUFA n-6 or TFA with an equivalent proportion of PUFA n-3 were associated with lower CHD risk. Conclusions: Higher plasma PL long-chain SFA and lower PUFA n-3 were associated with increased CHD risk. A change in diet by limiting foods that are associated with plasma PL long-chain SFA and TFA while enhancing foods high in PUFA n-3 may be beneficial in CHD among postmenopausal women.
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5

Nishi, Stephanie, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Ana-Maria Gascoyne, Richard P. Bazinet, Balachandran Bashyam, Karen G. Lapsley, Livia S. A. Augustin, John L. Sievenpiper, and David J. A. Jenkins. "Effect of almond consumption on the serum fatty acid profile: a dose–response study." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 7 (August 20, 2014): 1137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514001640.

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Consumption of almonds has been shown to be associated with a decreased risk of CHD, which may be related to their fatty acid (FA) composition. However, the effect of almond consumption on the serum FA composition is not known. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether almond consumption would alter the serum FA profile and risk of CHD, as calculated using Framingham's 10-year risk score, in a dose-dependent manner in hyperlipidaemic individuals when compared with a higher-carbohydrate control group using dietary interventions incorporating almonds. A total of twenty-seven hyperlipidaemic individuals consumed three isoenergetic (mean 1770 kJ/d) supplements during three 1-month dietary phases: (1) full-dose almonds (50–100 g/d); (2) half-dose almonds with half-dose muffins; (3) full-dose muffins. Fasting blood samples were obtained at weeks 0 and 4 for the determination of FA concentrations. Almond intake (g/d) was found to be inversely associated with the estimated Framingham 10-year CHD risk score (P= 0·026). In both the half-dose and full-dose almond groups, the proportions of oleic acid (OA) and MUFA in the TAG fraction (half-almond: OA P= 0·003; MUFA P= 0·004; full-almond: OA P< 0·001; MUFA P< 0·001) and in the NEFA fraction (half-almond: OA P= 0·01; MUFA P= 0·04; full-almond: OA P= 0·12; MUFA P= 0·06) increased. The estimated Framingham 10-year CHD risk score was inversely associated with the percentage change of OA (P= 0·011) and MUFA (P= 0·016) content in the TAG fraction. The proportions of MUFA in the TAG and NEFA fractions were positively associated with changes in HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Similarly, the estimated Framingham 10-year CHD risk score was inversely associated with the percentage change of OA (P= 0·069) and MUFA content in the NEFA fraction (P= 0·009). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that almond consumption increases OA and MUFA content in serum TAG and NEFA fractions, which are inversely associated with CHD lipid risk factors and overall estimated 10-year CHD risk.
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6

Giroli, Monica Gianna, José Pablo Werba, Patrizia Risé, Benedetta Porro, Angelo Sala, Manuela Amato, Elena Tremoli, Alice Bonomi, and Fabrizio Veglia. "Effects of Mediterranean Diet or Low-Fat Diet on Blood Fatty Acids in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. A Randomized Intervention Study." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 2389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072389.

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The Mediterranean diet (MD) prevents cardiovascular disease by different putative mechanisms, including modifications in the blood fatty acid (FA) profile. Polytherapy for secondary cardiovascular prevention might mask the effect of MD on the FA profile. This study was aimed to assess whether MD, in comparison with a low-fat diet (LFD), favorably modifies the blood FA profile in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) on polytherapy. One hundred and twenty patients with a recent history of coronary stenting, randomized to MD or to LFD, completed 3 months of this open-label dietary intervention study. Diet Mediterranean-ness was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MeDAS) score. Both diets significantly reduced saturated FA (p < 0.01). Putative favorable changes in total n-3 FA (p = 0.03) and eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA; p = 0.04) were significantly larger with MD than with LFD. At 3 months, in the whole cohort, the MeDAS score correlated inversely with palmitic acid (R = −0.21, p = 0.02), and with palmitoleic acid (R = −0.32, p = 0.007), and positively with total n-3 FA (R = 0.19, p = 0.03), EPA (R = 0.28, p = 0.002), and EPA + DHA (R = 0.21, p = 0.02). In CHD patients on polytherapy, both MD and LFD shift FA blood composition towards a healthier profile, with a more favorable effect of MD on omega−3 levels.
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7

Sherry, Leighann, Colin Murray, and Gordon Ramage. "Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid (CHD-FA) is a Novel Antifungal Product." Journal of Infection 63, no. 6 (December 2011): e99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2011.04.168.

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8

Linask, Kersti K. "The Heart-Placenta Axis in the First Month of Pregnancy: Induction and Prevention of Cardiovascular Birth Defects." Journal of Pregnancy 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/320413.

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Extrapolating from animal studies to human pregnancy, our studies showed that folate (FA) deficiency as well as one-time exposure to environmental factors in the first two to three weeks of human gestation can result in severe congenital heart defects (CHDs). Considering that approximately 49% of pregnancies are unplanned, this period of pregnancy can be considered high-risk for cardiac, as well as for neural, birth defects, as the woman usually is not aware of her pregnancy and may not yet be taking precautionary actions to protect the developing embryo. Using avian and mouse vertebrate models, we demonstrated that FA supplementation prevents CHD induced by alcohol, lithium, or elevation of the metabolite homocysteine, a marker for FA deficiency. All three factors affected the important Wnt signaling pathway by suppressing Wnt-mediated gene expression in the heart fields, resulting in a delay of cardiomyocyte migration, cardiomyogenesis, and CHD. Optimal protection of cardiogenesis was observed to occur with FA supplementation provided upon morning after conception and at higher doses than the presently available in prenatal vitamin supplementation. Our studies demonstrate pathways and cell processes that are involved with protection of one-carbon metabolism during heart development.
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9

Birca, A., VA Vakorin, S. Madathil, V. Chau, SP Miller, SM Doesburg, M. Seed, et al. "Interplay between impaired brain structure and function in term newborns with congenital heart disease." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 42, S1 (May 2015): S13—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.85.

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Background: Term neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) demonstrate a high incidence of white matter injury (WMI), together with increased average diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) on MR diffusion tensor imaging. EEG background activity is a robust measure of functional brain maturation that becomes less discontinuous, contains more fast activity and shows higher complexity of EEG patterns with increasing age. We sought to determine the association between structural brain abnormalities and functional brain maturation in term neonates with CHD. Methods: Thirteen term newborns with CHD underwent pre-operative MR imaging and continuous EEG recordings (cEEG). The proportion of cEEG with discontinuous vs. continuous background activity was quantified by visual analysis. During continuous epochs, we differentiated between two states: wakefulness/active sleep vs. quiet/transitional sleep, and applied algorithms to measure spectral power and EEG complexity. Results: Three patients had multifocal WMI which was associated with greater EEG background discontinuity (P<0.05). Moreover, lower white matter diffusivity was associated with higher power of fast activity (P<0.05 for wakefulness/active sleep EEG pattern), while higher white matter FA showed a trend toward being associated with increased EEG complexity (P<0.1 for quiet/transitional sleep pattern). Conclusions: In this series of term neonates with CHD, structural and microstructural white matter abnormalities are associated with impaired maturation of brain function.
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10

Harris, William, Nathan Tintle, and Vasan Ramachandran. "Erythrocyte n-6 Fatty Acids and Risk for Cardiovascular Outcomes and Total Mortality in the Framingham Heart Study." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10122012.

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Background: The prognostic value of erythrocyte levels of n-6 fatty acids (FAs) for total mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes remains an open question. Methods: We examined cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and death in 2500 individuals in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort without prevalent CVD (mean age 66 years, 57% women) as a function of baseline levels of different length n-6 FAs (18 carbon, 20 carbon, and 22 carbon) in the erythrocyte membranes. Clinical outcomes were monitored for up to 9.5 years (median follow up, 7.26 years). Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for a variety of demographic characteristics, clinical status, and red blood cell (RBC) n-6 and long chain n-3 FA content. Results: There were 245 CV events, 119 coronary heart disease (CHD) events, 105 ischemic strokes, 58 CVD deaths, and 350 deaths from all causes. Few associations between either mortality or CVD outcomes were observed for n-6 FAs, with those that were observed becoming non-significant after adjusting for n-3 FA levels. Conclusions: Higher circulating levels of marine n-3 FA levels are associated with reduced risk for incident CVD and ischemic stroke and for death from CHD and all-causes; however, in the same sample little evidence exists for association with n-6 FAs. Further work is needed to identify a full profile of FAs associated with cardiovascular risk and mortality.
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11

Wen, Chengfei, Mi Jiang, Weixin Huang, and Shumei Liu. "Antarctic Krill Oil Attenuates Oxidative Stress via the KEAP1-NRF2 Signaling in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (October 7, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9534137.

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Background. Antarctic krill oil (AKO) has strong antioxidant activities and is effective for alleviating coronary heart disease (CHD). Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-NF-E2-related factor 2 (KEAP1-NRF2) axis is a crucial antioxidant signaling pathway. Thus, AKO may exert its antioxidant effects on CHD patients via KEAP1-NRF2 signaling. Methods. AKO fatty acid (FA) profiles were analyzed by using gas chromatography (GC). One hundred CHD patients were divided into the intervention (IG, AKO) and control (CG, placebo) groups. Before and after 1, 2, and 3 months of intervention, we measured serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and KEAP1 and NRF2 levels in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Serum FAs were measured by GC at baseline and after 3-month intervention. Results. AKO contains rich eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is more than 27% of total FA. The levels of EPA and DHA, KEAP1, and NRF2 in the IG group were higher than those in the CG group ( p < 0.05 ). Serum levels of ROS, 8-OHdG, NO, and MDA in the IG group were lower than those in the CG group, whereas the levels of SOD, GSH, and GPx in the IG group were higher than those in the CG group ( p < 0.05 ). Serum levels of saturated fatty acids (UFA) in the IG group were higher than those in the CG group, whereas reverse results were obtained for the levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Serum levels of EPA and DHA had a strong negative relationship with the level of ROS, whereas the ROS level had a strong negative relationship with the levels of KEAP1-NRF2. Conclusion. AKO increases antioxidant capacities of CHD patients via the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling in the PBL.
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12

Talmud, Philippa J., David M. Flavell, Khaled Alfakih, Jackie A. Cooper, Anthony J. Balmforth, Mohan Sivananthan, Hugh E. Montgomery, Alistair S. Hall, and Steve E. Humphries. "The lipoprotein lipase gene serine 447 stop variant influences hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of coronary heart disease." Clinical Science 112, no. 12 (May 14, 2007): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20060344.

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LVH [LV (left ventricular) hypertrophy] is an independent risk factor for CHD (coronary heart disease). During LVH, the preferred cardiac energy substrate switches from FAs (fatty acids) to glucose. LPL (lipoprotein lipase) is the key enzyme in triacylglycerol (triglyceride) hydrolysis and supplies FAs to the heart. To investigate whether substrate utilization influences cardiac growth and CHD risk, we examined the association between the functional LPL S447X (rs328) variant and hypertension-induced LV growth and CHD risk. LPL-X447 has been shown to be more hydrolytically efficient and would therefore release more free FAs than LPL-S477. In a cohort of 190 hypertensive subjects, LPL X447 was associated with a greater LV mass index [85.2 (1.7) in S/S compared with 91.1 (3.4) in S/X+X/X; P=0.01], but no such association was seen in normotensive controls (n=60). X447 allele frequency was higher in hypertensives with than those without LVH {0.14 [95% CI (confidence interval), 0.08–0.19] compared with 0.07 (95% CI, 0.05–0.10) respectively; odds ratio, 2.52 (95% CI, 1.17–5.40), P=0.02}. The association of LPL S447X with CHD risk was then examined in a prospective study of healthy middle-aged U.K. men (n=2716). In normotensive individuals, compared with S447 homozygotes, X447 carriers were protected from CHD risk [HR (hazard ratio), 0.48 (95% CI, 0.23–1.00); P=0.05], whereas, in the hypertensives, X447 carriers had increased risk [HR, 1.54 (95% CI, 1.13–2.09) for S/S (P=0.006) and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.53–3.45) for X447+ (P<0.0001)] and had a significant interaction with hypertension in CHD risk determination (P=0.007). In conclusion, hypertensive LPL X447 carriers have increased risk of LVH and CHD, suggesting that altered FA delivery constitutes a mechanism through which LVH and CHD are associated in hypertensive subjects.
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13

Määttä, Anne-Mari, Aino Salminen, Milla Pietiäinen, Jaakko Leskelä, Teemu Palviainen, Wolfgang Sattler, Juha Sinisalo, Veikko Salomaa, Jaakko Kaprio, and Pirkko J. Pussinen. "Endotoxemia is associated with an adverse metabolic profile." Innate Immunity 27, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425920971702.

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Our aim was to analyze whether endotoxemia, i.e. translocation of LPS to circulation, is reflected in the serum metabolic profile in a general population and in participants with cardiometabolic disorders. We investigated three Finnish cohorts separately and in a meta-analysis ( n = 7178), namely population-based FINRISK97, FinnTwin16 consisting of young adult twins, and Parogene, a random cohort of cardiac patients. Endotoxemia was determined as serum LPS activity and metabolome by an NMR platform. Potential effects of body mass index (BMI), smoking, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and coronary heart disease (CHD) status were considered. Endotoxemia was directly associated with concentrations of VLDL, IDL, LDL, and small HDL lipoproteins, VLDL particle diameter, total fatty acids (FA), glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, and Glc, and inversely associated with concentration of large HDL, diameters of LDL and HDL, as well as unsaturation degree of FAs. Some of these disadvantageous associations were significantly stronger in smokers and subjects with high BMI, but did not differ between participants with different CHD status. In participants with MetS, however, the associations of endotoxemia with FA parameters and GlycA were particularly strong. The metabolic profile in endotoxemia appears highly adverse, involving several inflammatory characters and risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders.
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14

Ottestad, Inger, Gjermund Vogt, Kjetil Retterstøl, Mari C. Myhrstad, John-Erik Haugen, Astrid Nilsson, Gitte Ravn-Haren, et al. "Oxidised fish oil does not influence established markers of oxidative stress in healthy human subjects: a randomised controlled trial." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 2 (December 5, 2011): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511005484.

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Intake of fish oil reduces the risk of CHD and CHD deaths. Marine n-3 fatty acids (FA) are susceptible to oxidation, but to our knowledge, the health effects of intake of oxidised fish oil have not previously been investigated in human subjects. The aim of the present study was to investigate markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and inflammation, and the level of plasma n-3 FA after intake of oxidised fish oil. In a double-blinded randomised controlled study, healthy subjects (aged 18–50 years, n 54) were assigned into one of three groups receiving capsules containing either 8 g/d of fish oil (1·6 g/d EPA+DHA; n 17), 8 g/d of oxidised fish oil (1·6 g/d EPA+DHA; n 18) or 8 g/d of high-oleic sunflower oil (n 19). Fasting blood and morning spot urine samples were collected at weeks 0, 3 and 7. No significant changes between the different groups were observed with regard to urinary 8-iso-PGF2α; plasma levels of 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and α-tocopherol; serum high sensitive C-reactive protein; or activity of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes. A significant increase in plasma level of EPA+DHA was observed in both fish oil groups, but no significant difference was observed between the fish oil groups. No changes in a variety of in vivo markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation or inflammation were observed after daily intake of oxidised fish oil for 3 or 7 weeks, indicating that intake of oxidised fish oil may not have unfavourable short-term effects in healthy human subjects.
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15

Sabi, Riaz, Pieter Vrey, and Constance E. Jansen van Rensburg. "Carbohydrate-derived Fulvic acid (CHD-FA) inhibits Carrageenan-induced inflammation and enhances wound healing: efficacy and Toxicity study in rats." Drug Development Research 73, no. 1 (June 2, 2011): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ddr.20445.

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16

Botes, M. E., I. S. Gilada, J. R. Snyman, and J. P. L. Labuschagne. "Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid wellness drink: its tolerability, safety and effect on disease markers in pre-ART HIV-1 positive subjects." South African Family Practice 60, no. 3 (July 12, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v60i3.4872.

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Background: Many people take wellness drinks on a daily basis to enhance physical and emotional well-being. The safety and/or efficacy of these are not always known or even established in the populations likely to consume these. The safety, tolerability and clinical impact of CHD-FA in a formulated wellness drink (F0210) (a pure and novel fulvic acid) were researched in a pre-ART HIV-1 positive population in India an area where patients are known to use organic acids such as fulvic acids (Shilajit) for health enhancement.Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study recruited 332 patients (n = 166 on active; n = 166 on placebo). The study outcomes recorded safety and tolerability data, as well as the time to ART and/or the time to a decrease in CD4 count of 100 cells/mm3 for subjects in each treatment group. Change in immune status is an important clinical endpoint. The secondary outcomes were CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load changes and quality of life (the latter as a further proxy for tolerability).Results: The only notable side effect of the active medication was gastrointestinal intolerance such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, which were more frequently experienced compared with placebo. The study was terminated before full recruitment due to regulatory changes in India and at the time of study termination there were too few clinical study endpoints reached to demonstrate any clinical difference between active and placebo treatments (no difference in hazard of experiencing an event (reaching indication for ART) between groups; p = 0.5724). An interesting trend was that patients’ CD4 counts in the study demonstrated a slower than anticipated decline compared with trends recorded in the literature for natural progression of disease.Conclusion: The CHD FA wellness drink is well tolerated in an ART-naive study population and does not negatively affect the disease-specific parameters and hence does not adversely affect the natural progression of the HIV-1 disease or patients’ general health. Further exploration of fulvic acids is therefore warranted.
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17

Ketterer, Mark W., Johan Denollet, Jeanine Chapp, Steve Keteyian, A. J. Farha, Vivian Clark, Michael Hudson, et al. "Familial Transmissability of Early Age at Initial Diagnosis in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): Males Only, and Mediated by Psychosocial/Emotional Distress?" Journal of Behavioral Medicine 27, no. 1 (February 2004): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jobm.0000013640.69802.fa.

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18

Imamura, Fumiaki, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Irena B. King, Xiaoling Song, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Nirupa R. Matthan, David M. Herrington, David S. Siscovick, and Dariush Mozaffarian. "Abstract MP023: Novel Patterns of Circulating Fatty Acids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: the Cardiovascular Health Study." Circulation 125, suppl_10 (March 13, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.amp023.

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Background: Circulating fatty acids (FA) reflect complex interrelations of diet and metabolism. Few studies have evaluated circulating FA as patterns related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods: We applied principal component analysis (PCA) to 39 plasma phospholipid FA measured in 2,972 older adults (mean age=72.1) at baseline (1992) in the Cardiovascular Health Study, and derived FA patterns. We evaluated prospective associations of identified FA patterns with 14-year incidence of CVD, adjudicated by centralized committee, using multivariate Cox proportional hazards corrected for regression dilution bias. The CHS-derived FA patterns were evaluated in a separate cohort for associations with angiographically-defined atherosclerosis progression over 3.5 years in 1,912 coronary segments of 228 postmenopausal women (mean age=65.4) with established CHD, including FA in phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters. Results: Three distinct patterns were identified, that we characterized as having higher trans FA (TFA pattern), de novo lipogenesis FA (DNL pattern), and dairy and long-chain monounsaturated FA (dairy-LCMUFA pattern). During 32,265 person-years, 780 CVD events occurred, including 512 CHD and 346 stroke. The TFA pattern was associated with higher CVD risk (HR for quintiles 5 vs. 1=2.47 [95% CI 1.35–4.51]; p trend=0.006) (Figure), primarily due to stroke (HR=4.68 [1.85–11.8]; p trend=0.003) but not CHD (HR=1.08 [0.50–2.32]; p trend=0.6). The DNL and dairy-LCMUFA patterns were not associated with CVD, or with CHD or stroke examined separately (p>0.1). In the second cohort, the TFA pattern, but not the other 2 patterns, in all lipid compartments was positively associated with progression of coronary stenosis (p trend<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest PCA can derive informative FA patterns for assessing disease risk. A pattern mainly reflecting higher trans FA levels is linked to higher risk of stroke in older adults, and coronary stenosis progression in women with CHD.
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19

Ding, Eric L., Qi Sun, Hannia Campos, and Frank B. Hu. "Abstract 1251: Lipophilic Index of Fatty Acid Fluidity in Erythrocyte and Plasma and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease." Circulation 118, suppl_18 (October 28, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_1089.

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Multiple lines of evidence suggest that fatty acid (FA) binding affinity, viscosity, and cellular membrane fluidity together may play important roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Conventional classifications also incompletely capture the wide heterogeneity of diverse FAs. Via a novel etiologic paradigm, we investigate the Lipophilic Index (LI) and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Prospective nested case-control study in a cohort of 32,826 U.S. women who provided baseline blood in 1989 –1990. During 6-years follow-up, 166 incident CHD cases were matched with 327 controls. Assaying full FA profiles via gas chromatography, 43 FAs were identified in plasma and erythrocytes. We developed a novel FA risk index based on molecular properties of fat lipophilicity, constructed upon FA melting points, and parameterized via individual weighted summation of melting points; the LI was constructed upon 32 unique FAs with official melting points. Among controls, mean (SD) lipophilicity was 16.8°C (2.48) for Plasma-LI and 17.1°C (1.5) for Erythrocyte-LI, r=0.54. In prospective analyses, increasing Plasma-LI and Erythrocyte-LI were strongly associated with greater risk of CHD in both crude and multivariable models: RR=3.56 (95%CI: 1.48 – 8.67, P-trend=0.001) for Plasma-LI, and RR=3.80 (1.12–12.9, P-trend=0.03) for Erythrocyte-LI, comparing extreme quintiles. Individuals with higher LI also exhibited adverse lipid profiles, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. Notably, higher Plasma-LI was associated with having low HDL<40mg/dl (OR per-SD=2.71, 1.91–3.84; P<0.0001), elevated triglycerides>=150mg/dl (OR=3.89, 2.83–5.35; P<0.0001), hypertension (OR=1.34, 1.07–1.66; P=0.009), elevated HbA1c>=6% (OR=1.50, 1.17–1.91; P=0.001), and highest quintile of E-selectin (OR=1.92, 1.47–2.50; P<0.0001). LI trends with CHD risk also persisted after adjustment for these metabolic risk factors, plus trans and total fat intakes. The Lipophilic Index of plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids is strongly associated with adverse metabolic profiles and higher risk of CHD development. Findings support a novel mechanism that fatty acid lipophilicity is important in CHD pathogenesis.
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Sherry, Leighann, Emma Millhouse, David F. Lappin, Colin Murray, Shauna Culshaw, Christopher J. Nile, and Gordon Ramage. "Investigating the biological properties of carbohydrate derived fulvic acid (CHD-FA) as a potential novel therapy for the management of oral biofilm infections." BMC Oral Health 13, no. 1 (September 24, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-13-47.

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