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Journal articles on the topic 'Checkpoints'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

PAUN, MIHAELA, NICHAMON NAKSINEHABOON, RAJA NASSAR, CHOKCHAI LEANGSUKSUN, STEPHEN L. SCOTT, and NARATE TAERAT. "INCREMENTAL CHECKPOINT SCHEMES FOR WEIBULL FAILURE DISTRIBUTION." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 21, no. 03 (2010): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054110007283.

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Incremental checkpoint mechanism was introduced to reduce high checkpoint overhead of regular (full) checkpointing, especially in high-performance computing systems. To gain an extra advantage from the incremental checkpoint technique, we propose an optimal checkpoint frequency function that globally minimizes the expected wasted time of the incremental checkpoint mechanism. Also, the re-computing time coefficient used to approximate the re-computing time is derived. Moreover, to reduce the complexity in the recovery state, full checkpoints are performed from time to time. In this paper we pre

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Islam, Tanzima Zerin, Kathryn Mohror, Saurabh Bagchi, Adam Moody, Bronis R. de Supinski, and Rudolf Eigenmann. "McrEngine: A Scalable Checkpointing System Using Data-Aware Aggregation and Compression." Scientific Programming 21, no. 3-4 (2013): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/341672.

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High performance computing (HPC) systems use checkpoint-restart to tolerate failures. Typically, applications store their states in checkpoints on a parallel file system (PFS). As applications scale up, checkpoint-restart incurs high overheads due to contention for PFS resources. The high overheads force large-scale applications to reduce checkpoint frequency, which means more compute time is lost in the event of failure. We alleviate this problem through a scalable checkpoint-restart system, mcrEngine. McrEngine aggregates checkpoints from multiple application processes with knowledge of the

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Rhind, Nicholas, and Paul Russell. "Roles of the Mitotic Inhibitors Wee1 and Mik1 in the G2 DNA Damage and Replication Checkpoints." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 5 (2001): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.5.1499-1508.2001.

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ABSTRACT The G2 DNA damage and DNA replication checkpoints in many organisms act through the inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc2 on tyrosine-15. This phosphorylation is catalyzed by the Wee1/Mik1 family of kinases. However, the in vivo role of these kinases in checkpoint regulation has been unclear. We show that, in the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe, Mik1 is a target of both checkpoints and that the regulation of Mik1 is, on its own, sufficient to delay mitosis in response to the checkpoints. Mik1 appears to have two roles in the DNA damage checkpoint; one in the establishment of the c

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Cai, Huiming, Ge Liu, Jianfeng Zhong, et al. "Immune Checkpoints in Viral Infections." Viruses 12, no. 9 (2020): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091051.

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As evidence has mounted that virus-infected cells, such as cancer cells, negatively regulate the function of T-cells via immune checkpoints, it has become increasingly clear that viral infections similarly exploit immune checkpoints as an immune system escape mechanism. Although immune checkpoint therapy has been successfully used in cancer treatment, numerous studies have suggested that such therapy may also be highly relevant for treating viral infection, especially chronic viral infections. However, it has not yet been applied in this manner. Here, we reviewed recent findings regarding immu

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Kappas, Nicholas C., Pamela Savage, Katherine C. Chen, Allan T. Walls, and Jill C. Sible. "Dissection of the XChk1 Signaling Pathway in Xenopus laevis Embryos." Molecular Biology of the Cell 11, no. 9 (2000): 3101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.11.9.3101.

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Checkpoint pathways inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) to arrest cell cycles when DNA is damaged or unreplicated. Early embryonic cell cycles of Xenopus laevis lack these checkpoints. Completion of 12 divisions marks the midblastula transition (MBT), when the cell cycle lengthens, acquiring gap phases and checkpoints of a somatic cell cycle. Although Xenopus embryos lack checkpoints prior to the MBT, checkpoints are observed in cell-free egg extracts supplemented with sperm nuclei. These checkpoints depend upon the Xenopus Chk1 (XChk1)-signaling pathway. To understand why Xenopus embryos

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Nabieva, Malika. "DEVELOPMENT OF CUSTOMS SERVICE MECHANISMS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTELLIGENT CHECKPOINTS." Russian Journal of Management 12, no. 4 (2025): 703–15. https://doi.org/10.29039/2500-1469-2024-12-4-703-715.

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The paper presents the results of an analysis of the development of intelligent checkpoint technologies in the context of their potential impact on the development of customs services at an intelligent checkpoint. The analysis of the current state of research aimed at improving the efficiency of checkpoints shows the presence of only individual functional solutions that pointwise implement fragmented tasks of instrumental control at checkpoints outside of complex solutions that integrate well-known technical solutions and select and implement advanced technologies of instrumental control in th

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Heideker, Johanna, Ewa T. Lis, and Floyd E. Romesberg. "Phosphatases, DNA Damage Checkpoints and Checkpoint Deactivation." Cell Cycle 6, no. 24 (2007): 3058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.6.24.5100.

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Belevich, A. S., M. I. Yarmolinskaya, S. A. Selkov та D. I. Sokolov. "Immune сheckpoints in the context of external genital endometriosis". Medical Immunology (Russia) 27, № 2 (2024): 245–64. https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-ici-2923.

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Endometriosis is a chronic recurrent disease with insufficiently studied pathogenesis. Endometriosis is known to share similar features with tumors. Thus, the outgrowth of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus is the main feature of this condition. The dysfunction of local immune response is required for cell proliferation and invasion in ectopic sites. The involvement of immune checkpoints is among the mechanisms allowing avoidance of immune surveillance shown for the tumors. Immune checkpoints are presented by proteins expressed on immune cells (most on T cells). The checkpoint binding

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9

GADE, EMILY KALAH. "Social Isolation and Repertoires of Resistance." American Political Science Review 114, no. 2 (2020): 309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055420000015.

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Checkpoints in the West Bank’s Hebron Governorate represent Israel’s ever-present power over Palestinian civilians. Drawing on 71 interviews conducted during the Intifada of Individuals (2015), this article inductively builds theory about the relationship between social isolation and different modalities of resistance. Rather than forcing civilians to comply with the state, checkpoint apparatus instead change the nature and texture of resistance. I suggest that checkpoints structure social connections for civilians on the ground. Checkpoint apparatus which inhibit social connection engender a

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Yamada, Ayumi, Brad Duffy, Jennifer A. Perry, and Sally Kornbluth. "DNA replication checkpoint control of Wee1 stability by vertebrate Hsl7." Journal of Cell Biology 167, no. 5 (2004): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200406048.

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G2/M checkpoints prevent mitotic entry upon DNA damage or replication inhibition by targeting the Cdc2 regulators Cdc25 and Wee1. Although Wee1 protein stability is regulated by DNA-responsive checkpoints, the vertebrate pathways controlling Wee1 degradation have not been elucidated. In budding yeast, stability of the Wee1 homologue, Swe1, is controlled by a regulatory module consisting of the proteins Hsl1 and Hsl7 (histone synthetic lethal 1 and 7), which are targeted by the morphogenesis checkpoint to prevent Swe1 degradation when budding is inhibited. We report here the identification of X

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Pesce, Silvia, Sara Trabanelli, Clara Di Vito, et al. "Cancer Immunotherapy by Blocking Immune Checkpoints on Innate Lymphocytes." Cancers 12, no. 12 (2020): 3504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123504.

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Immune checkpoints refer to a plethora of inhibitory pathways of the immune system that play a crucial role in maintaining self-tolerance and in tuning the duration and amplitude of physiological immune responses to minimize collateral tissue damages. The breakdown of this delicate balance leads to pathological conditions, including cancer. Indeed, tumor cells can develop multiple mechanisms to escape from immune system defense, including the activation of immune checkpoint pathways. The development of monoclonal antibodies, targeting inhibitory immune checkpoints, has provided an immense brea

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Garber, Peter M., and Jasper Rine. "Overlapping Roles of the Spindle Assembly and DNA Damage Checkpoints in the Cell-Cycle Response to Altered Chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 161, no. 2 (2002): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/161.2.521.

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Abstract The MAD2-dependent spindle checkpoint blocks anaphase until all chromosomes have achieved successful bipolar attachment to the mitotic spindle. The DNA damage and DNA replication checkpoints block anaphase in response to DNA lesions that may include single-stranded DNA and stalled replication forks. Many of the same conditions that activate the DNA damage and DNA replication checkpoints also activated the spindle checkpoint. The mad2Δ mutation partially relieved the arrest responses of cells to mutations affecting the replication proteins Mcm3p and Pol1p. Thus a previously unrecognize

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Moon, Sun Young, Minjoo Han, Gyoungah Ryu, Seong-Ah Shin, Jun Hyuck Lee, and Chang Sup Lee. "Emerging Immune Checkpoint Molecules on Cancer Cells: CD24 and CD200." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 20 (2023): 15072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015072.

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Cancer immunotherapy strategies are based on the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors to instigate an antitumor immune response. The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade, directed at adaptive immune checkpoints, has been demonstrated in select cancer types. However, only a limited subset of patients has exhibited definitive outcomes characterized by a sustained response after discontinuation of therapy. Recent investigations have highlighted the significance of immune checkpoint molecules that are overexpressed in cancer cells and inhibit myeloid lineage immune cells within a tumor mi

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YANG, ZHONGHUA, CHENGZHENG SUN, YUAN MIAO, ABDUL SATTAR, and YANYAN YANG. "GUARANTEED MUTUALLY CONSISTENT CHECKPOINTING IN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTATIONS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 11, no. 01 (2000): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054100000089.

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In this paper, we explore the isomorphism between vector time and causality to characterize consistency of a set of checkpoints in a distributed computing. A necessary and sufficient condition, to determine if a set of local checkpoints can form a consistent global checkpoint, is presented and proved using the isomorphic power of vector time and causality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use the isomorphism for this purpose. This condition leads to a simple and straightforward algorithm for a guaranteed mutually consistent global checkpointing. In our approach, a pro

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Tavormina, P. A., Y. Wang, and D. J. Burke. "Differential requirements for DNA replication in the activation of mitotic checkpoints in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 6 (1997): 3315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.6.3315.

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Checkpoints prevent inaccurate chromosome segregation by inhibiting cell division when errors in mitotic processes are encountered. We used a temperature-sensitive mutation, dbf4, to examine the requirement for DNA replication in establishing mitotic checkpoint arrest. We used gamma-irradiation to induce DNA damage and hydroxyurea to limit deoxyribonucleotides in cells deprived of DBF4 function to investigate the requirement for DNA replication in DNA-responsive checkpoints. In the absence of DNA replication, mitosis was not inhibited by these treatments, which normally activate the DNA damage

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Yates, Luke A., Xiaodong Zhang, and Peter M. Burgers. "DNA Damage and Replication Stress Checkpoints." Annual Review of Biochemistry 94, no. 1 (2025): 195–221. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-072324-031915.

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DNA damage checkpoints are key regulatory signaling cascades that arrest cell cycle progression upon DNA damage or upon DNA replication stalling and allow time for repair or correction. Failure to elicit these checkpoints can lead to genomic instability that can result in cell death or mutations, ultimately leading to diseases such as cancer. Components of the DNA damage checkpoint are attractive targets for precision medicine to treat cancers. Over the last several years, cutting-edge structural techniques have provided molecular insights into the highly coordinated checkpoint signaling that

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Garrido, Fabian, Carl Mathis Wild, Johanna Mittelberger, et al. "The Role of Chemokines in Cervical Cancers." Medicina 57, no. 11 (2021): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111141.

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Both clinical-pathological and experimental studies have shown that chemokines play a key role in activating the immune checkpoint modulator in cervical cancer progression and are associated with prognosis in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immunosuppression. Therefore, a clear understanding of chemokines and immune checkpoint modulators is essential for the treatment of this disease. This review discusses the origins and categories of chemokines and the mechanisms that are responsible for activating immune checkpoints in cervical dysplasia and cancer, ch

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Khadela, Avinash, Vivek P. Chavda, Humzah Postwala, Ramya Ephraim, Vasso Apostolopoulos, and Yesha Shah. "Configuring Therapeutic Aspects of Immune Checkpoints in Lung Cancer." Cancers 15, no. 2 (2023): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020543.

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Immune checkpoints are unique components of the body’s defense mechanism that safeguard the body from immune responses that are potent enough to harm healthy body cells. When proteins present on the surface of T cells recognize and bind to the proteins present on other tumor cells, immune checkpoints are triggered. These proteins are called immunological checkpoints. The T cells receive an on/off signal when the checkpoints interact with companion proteins. This might avert the host’s immune system from eliminating cancer cells. The standard care plan for the treatment of non-small cell lung c

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Naiki, Takahiro, Toshiyasu Shimomura, Tae Kondo, Kunihiro Matsumoto, and Katsunori Sugimoto. "Rfc5, in Cooperation with Rad24, Controls DNA Damage Checkpoints throughout the Cell Cycle inSaccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 16 (2000): 5888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.16.5888-5896.2000.

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ABSTRACT RAD24 and RFC5 are required for DNA damage checkpoint control in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rad24 is structurally related to replication factor C (RFC) subunits and associates with RFC subunits Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5. rad24Δ mutants are defective in all the G1-, S-, and G2/M-phase DNA damage checkpoints, whereas the rfc5-1 mutant is impaired only in the S-phase DNA damage checkpoint. Both the RFC subunits and Rad24 contain a consensus sequence for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) binding. To determine whether the NTP-binding motif is important for Rad24 function, we

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Komolmit, Piyawat. "Immune checkpoint and checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma." Thai Journal of Hepatology 1, no. 1 (2018): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30856/th.jhep2018vol1iss1_07.

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การรักษามะเร็งด้วยแนวความคิดของการกระตุ้นให้ภูมิต้านทานของร่างกายไปทำลายเซลล์มะเร็งนั้น ปัจจุบันได้รับการพิสูจน์ชัดว่าวิธีการนี้สามารถหยุดยั้งการแพร่กระจายของเซลล์มะเร็ง โดยไม่ก่อให้เกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนทางปฏิกิริยาภูมิต้านทานต่ออวัยวะส่วนอื่นที่รุนแรง สามารถนำมาใช้ทางคลินิกได้ ยุคของการรักษามะเร็งกำลังเปลี่ยนจากยุคของยาเคมีบำบัดเข้าสู่การรักษาด้วยภูมิต้านทาน หรือ immunotherapy ยากลุ่ม Immune checkpoint inhibitors โดยเฉพาะ PD-1 กับ CTLA-4 inhibitors จะเข้ามามีบทบาทในการรักษามะเร็งตับในระยะเวลาอันใกล้ จำเป็นแพทย์จะต้องมีความรู้ความเข้าใจในพื้นฐานของ immune checkpoints และยาที่ไปยับยั้งโมเลกุลเหล่านี

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Sun, Yining, Nan Wang, and Nuo Zhang. "Immune Checkpoint inhibitor Therapy in Various Cancers." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 14 (September 29, 2022): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v14i.1840.

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new way of immunotherapy, not simply refers to the improvement of immunity to the body, but by improving the immune microenvironment around the tumor, thereby activating immune cell activity in vivo to achieve anti-tumor purposes. Now, CTLA‐4 and PD‐1 or PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody are mainly developed relatively successfully for immune checkpoints, in addition to other new immune checkpoints that have been discovered and clinically tested. However, while immune checkpoint inhibitors have been developed successively, some vague problems still need to be

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Jiang, Zhijun, Yuhang Liu, and Haohui Wang. "Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Current Advances and Future Perspective." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 74 (December 29, 2023): 1426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ykhjgh37.

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Immune therapy has become the fourth method to treat tumors after the traditional methods including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. Immune therapies use humans’ innate immune system to fight against tumors. Nowadays there are many immune therapies used in clinic, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, cytokine therapies, and so on. One of the most mature and widely used immune therapies is immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Because tumor surface have some proteins that can bind to the receptors on the immune cells, once they are bound the function of the immune syst

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Fuchs, Natalie, Longfei Zhang, Laura Calvo-Barreiro, Katarzyna Kuncewicz, and Moustafa Gabr. "Inhibitors of Immune Checkpoints: Small Molecule- and Peptide-Based Approaches." Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 1 (2024): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010068.

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The revolutionary progress in cancer immunotherapy, particularly the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, marks a significant milestone in the fight against malignancies. However, the majority of clinically employed immune checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with several limitations, such as poor oral bioavailability and immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Another major limitation is the restriction of the efficacy of mAbs to a subset of cancer patients, which triggered extensive research efforts to identify alternative approaches in targeting immune checkpoints aimin

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Moertel, Christopher, G. Elizabeth Pluhar, and Michael Olin. "TRLS-09. USE OF A PAN-PEPTIDE CHECKPOINT INHIBITOR IN THE TREATMENT OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS." Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_1 (2023): i81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad073.312.

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Abstract Immunotherapy has revolutionized clinical management of a select group of malignancies by offering a long-term, durable treatment response. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of brain cancers respond. The combination of multiple checkpoint inhibitors may result in serious immune-related adverse events. We have developed a Pan-Immune Checkpoint Ligand that simultaneously controls multiple immune checkpoints. The CD200 immune checkpoint modulates the immune system through a single inhibitory receptor (CD200R1) and multiple activation receptors (CD200ARs). We developed a peptide liga

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Kato, Daichi, Kousuke Sekiyama, and Toshio Fukuda. "Risk Management System Based on Uncertainty Estimation by Multi-Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 22, no. 4 (2010): 456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2010.p0456.

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The risk management we propose uses multi-robot patrols to maintain security, which we treat as equivalent to minimizing observational uncertainty of a place - we call this place checkpoint i (i = 1,2, . . . ,n). We therefore formulate the uncertainty by entropy in information theory. Robots patrol and observe the checkpoint’s condition and update the patrol schedule based on the estimated uncertainty of checkpoints in real time. To relieve uncertainty, we propose Earliest Deadline First scheduling with adaptive Risk Estimation (EDFRE), then compare EDFRE with simple EDF scheduling and evaluat

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NI, WEIGANG, SUSAN V. VRBSKY, and SIBABRATA RAY. "PITFALLS IN DISTRIBUTED NONBLOCKING CHECKPOINTING." Journal of Interconnection Networks 05, no. 01 (2004): 47–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265904001027.

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Coordinated checkpointing has low stable storage requirements and simplifies the recovery process by reserving a set of consistent global checkpoints. Unfortunately, most algorithms that were proposed either incurred a high communication overhead or blocked all processes. Then, a coordinated algorithm was presented which was nonblocking and which forced only a subset of all processes to participate in a checkpointing event. This algorithm was shown to create inconsistencies in some situations and new algorithms to take consistent checkpoints were proposed. However, we found that these algorith

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Rhind, Nicholas, and Paul Russell. "The Schizosaccharomyces pombe S-Phase Checkpoint Differentiates Between Different Types of DNA Damage." Genetics 149, no. 4 (1998): 1729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.4.1729.

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Abstract We have identified an S-phase DNA damage checkpoint in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This checkpoint is dependent on Rad3, the S. pombe homolog of the mammalian ATM/ATR checkpoint proteins, and Cds1. Cds1 had previously been believed to be involved only in the replication checkpoint. The requirement of Cds1 in the DNA damage checkpoint suggests that Cds1 may be a general target of S-phase checkpoints. Unlike other checkpoints, the S. pombe S-phase DNA damage checkpoint discriminates between different types of damage. UV-irradiation, which causes base modification that can be repaired dur

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Naksinehaboon, Nichamon, Mihaela P[un, Raja Nassar, Chokchai Box Leangsuksun, and Stephen Scott. "High Performance Computing Systems with Various Checkpointing Schemes." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 4, no. 4 (2009): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2009.4.2455.

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Finding the failure rate of a system is a crucial step in high performance computing systems analysis. To deal with this problem, a fault tolerant mechanism, called checkpoint/ restart technique, was introduced. However, there are additional costs to perform this mechanism. Thus, we propose two models for different schemes (full and incremental checkpoint schemes). The models which are based on the reliability of the system are used to determine the checkpoint placements. Both proposed models consider a balance of between checkpoint overhead and the re-computing time. Due to the extra costs fr

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Giuliano, Antonio, Pedro A. B. Pimentel, and Rodrigo S. Horta. "Checkpoint Inhibitors in Dogs: Are We There Yet?" Cancers 16, no. 11 (2024): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16112003.

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionised cancer treatment in people. Immune checkpoints are important regulators of the body’s reaction to immunological stimuli. The most studied immune checkpoint molecules are programmed death (PD-1) with its ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) with its ligands CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). Certain tumours can evade immunosurveillance by activating these immunological checkpoint targets. These proteins are often upregulated in cancer cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, allowing cancer cells to evade immu

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Schollaert, Kaila L., Julie M. Poisson, Jennifer S. Searle, Jennifer A. Schwanekamp, Craig R. Tomlinson, and Yolanda Sanchez. "A Role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chk1p in the Response to Replication Blocks." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 9 (2004): 4051–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-11-0792.

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Replication blocks and DNA damage incurred during S phase activate the S-phase and intra-S-phase checkpoint responses, respectively, regulated by the Atrp and Chk1p checkpoint kinases in metazoans. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these checkpoints are regulated by the Atrp homologue Mec1p and the kinase Rad53p. A conserved role of these checkpoints is to block mitotic progression until DNA replication and repair are completed. In S. cerevisiae, these checkpoints include a transcriptional response regulated by the kinase Dun1p; however, dun1Δ cells are proficient for the S-phase-checkpoint-induced

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Arasanayagam, Jean. "Checkpoints." Indialogs 3, Violences (2016): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/indialogs.65.

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Allison, James P. "Checkpoints." Cell 162, no. 6 (2015): 1202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.047.

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Corellou, F., S. R. Bisgrove, D. L. Kropf, L. Meijer, B. Kloareg, and F. Y. Bouget. "A S/M DNA replication checkpoint prevents nuclear and cytoplasmic events of cell division including centrosomal axis alignment and inhibits activation of cyclin-dependent kinase-like proteins in fucoid zygotes." Development 127, no. 8 (2000): 1651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.8.1651.

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S/M checkpoints prevent various aspects of cell division when DNA has not been replicated. Such checkpoints are stringent in yeast and animal somatic cells but are usually partial or not present in animal embryos. Because little is known about S/M checkpoints in plant cells and embryos, we have investigated the effect of aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerases (alpha) and (delta), on cell division and morphogenesis in Fucus and Pelvetia zygotes. Both DNA replication and cell division were inhibited by aphidicolin, indicating the presence, in fucoid zygotes, of a S/M checkpoint. Th

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Buckle, Irina, and Camille Guillerey. "Inhibitory Receptors and Immune Checkpoints Regulating Natural Killer Cell Responses to Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 17 (2021): 4263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174263.

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The discovery of immune checkpoints provided a breakthrough for cancer therapy. Immune checkpoints are inhibitory receptors that are up-regulated on chronically stimulated lymphocytes and have been shown to hinder immune responses to cancer. Monoclonal antibodies against the checkpoint molecules PD-1 and CTLA-4 have shown early clinical success against melanoma and are now approved to treat various cancers. Since then, the list of potential candidates for immune checkpoint blockade has dramatically increased. The current paradigm stipulates that immune checkpoint blockade therapy unleashes pre

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MURAKAMI, Hiroshi, and Paul NURSE. "DNA replication and damage checkpoints and meiotic cell cycle controls in the fission and budding yeasts." Biochemical Journal 349, no. 1 (2000): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3490001.

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The cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms ensure the order of cell cycle events to preserve genomic integrity. Among these, the DNA-replication and DNA-damage checkpoints prevent chromosome segregation when DNA replication is inhibited or DNA is damaged. Recent studies have identified an outline of the regulatory networks for both of these controls, which apparently operate in all eukaryotes. In addition, it appears that these checkpoints have two arrest points, one is just before entry into mitosis and the other is prior to chromosome separation. The former point requires the central cell-cycle re

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Xu, Bo, Seong-Tae Kim, Dae-Sik Lim, and Michael B. Kastan. "Two Molecularly Distinct G2/M Checkpoints Are Induced by Ionizing Irradiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 4 (2002): 1049–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.4.1049-1059.2002.

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ABSTRACT Cell cycle checkpoints are among the multiple mechanisms that eukaryotic cells possess to maintain genomic integrity and minimize tumorigenesis. Ionizing irradiation (IR) induces measurable arrests in the G1, S, and G2 phases of the mammalian cell cycle, and the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) protein plays a role in initiating checkpoint pathways in all three of these cell cycle phases. However, cells lacking ATM function exhibit both a defective G2 checkpoint and a prolonged G2 arrest after IR, suggesting the existence of different types of G2 arrest. Two molecularly distinct G2

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Zhang, Fangting. "Immune checkpoint inhibitors: the mechanisms, limitations, and improvements." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 8 (August 17, 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v8i.1105.

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Cancer has been a huge public health concern for decades, with a high incidence and death rate. Traditional therapeutic methods are not effective enough, with many side effects. While immune checkpoint inhibitors, as immunotherapy, are thought to have the most promising future development, aiming at activating immunity against tumor cells for treatment. They worked by blocking immune checkpoints, for example, CTLA-4 and PD-1. These immune checkpoints control T cells expansion, terminate T-cell responses, thus are responsible for the evasion of cancer cells from the immune system, and the immun

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Kumar, Parveen. "A Low-Cost Hybrid Coordinated Checkpointing Protocol for Mobile Distributed Systems." Mobile Information Systems 4, no. 1 (2008): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/982349.

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Mobile distributed systems raise new issues such as mobility, low bandwidth of wireless channels, disconnections, limited battery power and lack of reliable stable storage on mobile nodes. In minimum-process coordinated checkpointing, some processes may not checkpoint for several checkpoint initiations. In the case of a recovery after a fault, such processes may rollback to far earlier checkpointed state and thus may cause greater loss of computation. In all-process coordinated checkpointing, the recovery line is advanced for all processes but the checkpointing overhead may be exceedingly high

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Saadi, Wiam, Ahlam Fatmi, Federico V. Pallardó, José Luis García-Giménez, and Salvador Mena-Molla. "Long Non-Coding RNAs as Epigenetic Regulators of Immune Checkpoints in Cancer Immunity." Cancers 15, no. 1 (2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010184.

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In recent years, cancer treatment has undergone significant changes, predominantly in the shift towards immunotherapeutic strategies using immune checkpoint inhibitors. Despite the clinical efficacy of many of these inhibitors, the overall response rate remains modest, and immunotherapies for many cancers have proved ineffective, highlighting the importance of knowing the tumor microenvironment and heterogeneity of each malignancy in patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted increasing attention for their ability to control various biological processes by targeting different mole

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Jackson, Robert C. "Modelling malignant progression with a finite state machine supports a two checkpoint theory of cancer." BioDiscovery 1 (July 5, 2012): e8916. https://doi.org/10.7750/BioDiscovery.2012.1.1.

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We postulate the two checkpoints theory of cancer, a model of cancer development suggesting that malignant transformation of cells requires loss of function of both the G1 checkpoint and the mitotic spindle checkpoint. Malignant progression can be described as a process analogous to a genetic algorithm, which we term the malignant progression algorithm. There are two prerequisites for this process: first, there must be competition for reproductive resources, and this is driven by loss of the G1 checkpoint; second, there must be a source of genetic variation, and this is provided by loss of the

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Zheng, Linlin, Qi Yang, Feifei Li, et al. "The Glycosylation of Immune Checkpoints and Their Applications in Oncology." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 12 (2022): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15121451.

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Tumor therapies have entered the immunotherapy era. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved tremendous success, with some patients achieving long-term tumor control. Tumors, on the other hand, can still accomplish immune evasion, which is aided by immune checkpoints. The majority of immune checkpoints are membrane glycoproteins, and abnormal tumor glycosylation may alter how the immune system perceives tumors, affecting the body’s anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, RNA can also be glycosylated, and GlycoRNA is important to the immune system. Glycosylation has emerged as a new hallmark of tum

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Kim, Eileen S., Jennifer E. Kim, Mira A. Patel, Antonella Mangraviti, Jacob Ruzevick, and Michael Lim. "Immune Checkpoint Modulators: An Emerging Antiglioma Armamentarium." Journal of Immunology Research 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4683607.

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Immune checkpoints have come to the forefront of cancer therapies as a powerful and promising strategy to stimulate antitumor T cell activity. Results from recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate how checkpoint inhibition can be utilized to prevent tumor immune evasion and both local and systemic immune suppression. This review encompasses the key immune checkpoints that have been found to play a role in tumorigenesis and, more specifically, gliomagenesis. The review will provide an overview of the existing preclinical and clinical data, antitumor efficacy, and clinical application

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Bozorgui, Behnaz, Elisabeth K. Kong, Augustin Luna, and Anil Korkut. "Abstract 3144: Mapping the functional interactions at the tumor-immune checkpoint interface." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 3144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3144.

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Abstract The interactions between tumor intrinsic processes and immune checkpoints can mediate the immune evasion by tumors and responses to immunotherapy. It is, however, challenging to identify functional interactions due to the prohibitively complex molecular landscape of the tumor-immune interfaces. We address this challenge with a statistical analysis framework, termed immuno-oncology gene interaction maps (ImogiMap). ImogiMap quantifies tumor-immune checkpoint interactions based on their co-associations with immune-associated phenotypes. The interactions are statistically validated for s

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Julian, Reymond. "Implementation and Effectiveness of Police Checkpoint in Cotabato City." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 14, no. 5 (2025): 549–54. https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.140503.

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The community is now part of police organizations. Police must work in a law-breaking community that needs aid. The community supports and complains about the police, but most importantly, it evaluates their performance. PNP-approved permanent roadblocks must be handled by local uniformed personnel. Mobile checkpoints may be put up by other units with the local unit/station commander. The research will help the Cotabato City Police Office and all motor vehicle drivers entering the city enhance, maintain, and enforce the order to minimize unregistered, unlicensed, car-napped, and inebriated dri

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Siu, Wai Yi, Anita Lau, Talha Arooz, Jeremy P. H. Chow, Horace T. B. Ho, and Randy Y. C. Poon. "Topoisomerase poisons differentially activate DNA damage checkpoints through ataxia-telangiectasia mutated–dependent and –independent mechanisms." Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 3, no. 5 (2004): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.621.3.5.

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Abstract Camptothecin and Adriamycin are clinically important inhibitors for topoisomerase (Topo) I and Topo II, respectively. The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) product is essential for ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage responses, but the role of ATM in Topo poisons-induced checkpoints remains unresolved. We found that distinct mechanisms are involved in the activation of different cell cycle checkpoints at different concentrations of Adriamycin and camptothecin. Adriamycin promotes the G1 checkpoint through activation of the p53-p21CIP1/WAF1 pathway and decrease of pRb phosphorylati

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Tannig, Pierre, Antonia Sophia Peter, Dennis Lapuente, et al. "Modulation of Vaccine-Induced HIV-1-Specific Immune Responses by Co-Electroporation of PD-L1 Encoding DNA." Vaccines 8, no. 1 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010027.

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The importance of a balanced TH1/TH2 humoral immune response against the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) for antibody-mediated HIV-1 control is increasingly recognized. However, there is no defined vaccination strategy to raise it. Since immune checkpoints are involved in the induction of adoptive immunity and their inhibitors (monoclonal antibodies) are licensed for cancer therapy, we investigated the effect of checkpoint blockade after HIV-1 genetic vaccination on enhancement and modulation of antiviral antibody responses. By intraperitoneal administration of checkpoint antibodies in mice we ob

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Carr, Garrett. "Kontrole i cła." Czas Kultury XL, no. 4 (2024): 92–101. https://doi.org/10.61269/r24n4baa/oufu7715.

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Biggi, Alison Felipe Bordini, and Deilson Elgui de Oliveira. "The Epstein-Barr Virus Hacks Immune Checkpoints: Evidence and Consequences for Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Cancers." Biomolecules 12, no. 3 (2022): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12030397.

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The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a gammaherpesvirus involved in the etiopathogenesis of a variety of human cancers, mostly of lymphoid and epithelial origin. The EBV infection participates in both cell transformation and tumor progression, also playing an important role in subverting immune responses against cancers. The homeostasis of the immune system is tightly regulated by inhibitory mechanisms affecting key immune effectors, such as T lymphocytes and NK cells. Collectively known as immune checkpoints, these mechanisms rely on a set of cellular receptors and ligands. These molecules may be

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Benoit, Anne, Saurabh K. Raina, and Yves Robert. "Efficient checkpoint/verification patterns." International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 31, no. 1 (2016): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342015594531.

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Errors have become a critical problem for high-performance computing. Checkpointing protocols are often used for error recovery after fail-stop failures. However, silent errors cannot be ignored, and their peculiarity is that such errors are identified only when the corrupted data is activated. To cope with silent errors, we need a verification mechanism to check whether the application state is correct. Checkpoints should be supplemented with verifications to detect silent errors. When a verification is successful, only the last checkpoint needs to be kept in memory because it is known to be

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Zhang, Tiancheng, Youpei Lin, and Qiang Gao. "Bispecific antibodies targeting immunomodulatory checkpoints for cancer therapy." Cancer Biology & Medicine 20, no. 3 (2023): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0002.

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Advances in antibody engineering have led to the generation of more innovative antibody drugs, such as bispecific antibodies (bsAbs). Following the success associated with blinatumomab, bsAbs have attracted enormous interest in the field of cancer immunotherapy. By specifically targeting two different antigens, bsAbs reduce the distance between tumor and immune cells, thereby enhancing tumor killing directly. There are several mechanisms of action upon which bsAbs have been exploited. Accumulating experience on checkpoint-based therapy has promoted the clinical transformation of bsAbs targetin

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