Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cheese Rolling

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Cheese Rolling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cheese Rolling"

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Muliawan, Edward B., and Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos. "Rheology of mozzarella cheese: Extrusion and rolling." International Dairy Journal 18, no. 6 (June 2008): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.10.015.

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Mitsoulis, Evan, and Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos. "Rolling of mozzarella cheese: Experiments and simulations." Journal of Food Engineering 91, no. 2 (March 2009): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.09.003.

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Wu, Bai Zhong. "The Optimization Design of Cheese Bionic Kneader with Response Surface Method(RSM)." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 1115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.1115.

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One kind of cheese kneading experiment test rig was designed, which can imitates artificial kneading movement. Response surface method was used to enhance the performance of the machine. It was investigated that the influence of crank rolling velocity, crank length and crank angle on kneading quality and efficiency. The results show that factors influence the working efficiency list in order as follows: the crank rolling velocity, the angle between a connecting bar and a kneading bar, the crank length. The best combination of optimised parameters are: the crank rolling velocity is 62r/min, the crank length is 28mm, the angle between a connecting bar and a kneading bar is 125°.
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Leenhouts, Kees, Albert Bolhuis, Johan Boot, Inge Deutz, Marjolein Toonen, Gerard Venema, Jan Kok, and Aat Ledeboer. "Cloning, Expression, and Chromosomal Stabilization of the Propionibacterium shermanii Proline Iminopeptidase Gene (pip) for Food-Grade Application inLactococcus lactis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 4736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.12.4736-4742.1998.

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ABSTRACT Proline iminopeptidase produced by Propionibacterium shermanii plays an essential role in the flavor development of Swiss-type cheeses. The enzyme (Pip) was purified and characterized, and the gene (pip) was cloned and expressed inEscherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis, the latter species being an extensively studied, primary cheese starter culture that is less fastidious in its growth condition requirements than P. shermanii. The levels of expression of thepip gene could be enhanced with a factor 3 to 5 by using a strong constitutive promoter in L. lactis or the inducibletac promoter in E. coli. Stable replication of the rolling-circle replicating (rcr) plasmid, used to expresspip in L. lactis, could only be obtained by providing the repA gene in trans. Upon the integration of pip, clear gene dosage effects were observed and stable multicopy integrants could be maintained upon growth under the selective pressure of sucrose. The multicopy integrants demonstrated a high degree of stability in the presence of glucose. This study examines the possibilities to overexpress genes that play an important role in food fermentation processes and shows a variety of options to obtain stable food-grade expression of such genes in L. lactis.
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Kojic, Milan, Ivana Strahinic, Djordje Fira, Branko Jovcic, and Ljubisa Topisirovic. "Plasmid content and bacteriocin production by five strains ofLactococcus lactisisolated from semi-hard homemade cheese." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-072.

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In this study, the plasmid content and bacteriocin production of natural isolates of lactococci were investigated. Five bacteriocin producing lactococcal strains (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BGMN1-2, BGMN1-3, BGMN1-5, BGMN1-6, and BGMN2-7) were isolated as nonstarter microflora of semi-hard homemade cheese and characterized. All isolates contained a number of plasmids. It was shown that lcnB structural genes for bacteriocin lactococcin B were located on large plasmids in all isolates. In the strains BGMN1-3 and BGMN1-5 proteinase prtP genes collocated with lcnB. Furthermore, these strains produced two additional bacteriocins (LsbA and LsbB) with genes responsible for their production and immunity located on the small rolling circle-replicating plasmid pMN5. Using deletion experiments of pMN5, minimal replicon of the plasmid and involvement of a bacteriocin locus in plasmid maintenance were identified. In addition, plasmid curing experiments showed that genes for catabolism or transport of 10 carbohydrates in the strain BGMN1-5 were plasmid located.Key words: lactococci, natural isolates, bacteriocin, plasmid curing.
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Criado Sánchez, Raquel. "Taking scripts as a model of lesson organisation for the integration of culture and language in ELT." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 22 (November 15, 2009): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2009.22.17.

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Culture and language are two intertwined constructs essential to understand the interpretation of reality by different communities. Apprehending the foreign language culture is thus vital to attain genuine and fully communicative competence in the L2. This article specifically focuses on the teaching of scripts in ELT. Scripts (Shank and Abelson, 1977) are defined as proceduralised sequences of events of a temporal, cause-and-effect nature which underlie daily stereotyped situations. In this work, scripts are also regarded as cognitive sequences of events for culturally idiosyncratic situations pertaining to a certain linguistic population. The objective of this article is to propose the integration of culture and language teaching in ELT by means of the pedagogical adaptation of scripts for cultural situations made up of an ordered sequence of events. This will be accomplished through the “Communicative Processes-based model of activity sequencing” (CPM). The present proposal attempts at compensating the shortage of traditional culture teaching, which has been almost exclusively restricted to lexis or Elementary Meaning Units (Lado, 1957). The CPM adaptation will be illustrated with a complete ELT lesson created by the author for the script of the Cheese-Rolling festival in the English region of Cotswolds. This lesson will be critically analysed from cultural, pedagogical and cognitive perspectives.
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MOIO, LUIGI, CRISTINA MARCHISANO, and FRANCESCO ADDEO. "Isolation of specific oligoclonal antibodies against bovine αs1-casein by FPLC tandem immunoaffinity of the polyclonal antibodies." Journal of Dairy Research 65, no. 3 (August 1998): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002202999800291x.

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Polyclonal antibodies specifically directed towards native casein fractions have been recently used to solve some analytical problems such as localization of casein antigenic sites (Otani et al. 1985; Ametani et al. 1987), identification of casein variants (Moio et al. 1989a; Chianese et al. 1992), detection of bovine casein adulterating goats', ewes' and water-buffalo milk and cheese (Elbertzhagen & Wenzel, 1982; Bernhauer et al. 1983; Aranda et al. 1988; Moio et al. 1992; Rolland et al. 1993, 1995; Addeo et al. 1995b), evaluation of the efficiency of chromatographic fractionation of casein (Addeo et al. 1992) and detection of casein proteolysis in cheese (Addeo et al. 1995a). However, the use of polyclonal antibodies for immune analysis is often limited owing to nonspecific binding. The use of monoclonal antibodies may overcome this problem to some extent. Although the binding affinity of a hyperimmune serum is seldom attainable with a monoclonal antibody, an alternative approach consists of the isolation of specific antibodies by affinity chromatography (Johnstone & Thorpe, 1982). In a single step 1000–10000-fold purification has been achieved.In this paper a fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) tandem immunoaffinity is used to enhance the specificity of bovine αs1-casein (CN) polyclonal antiserum. In the first column a caprine whole casein lacking αs1-CN was bound to a solid phase matrix and in the second column bovine αs1-CN was bound. After elution of macromolecular contaminants by a washing step, the two columns were detached and the purified bovine αs1-CN antibodies were eluted from the second column by a simple pH change.
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Vezzani, Annamaria, and Damir Janigro. "Leukocyte–Endothelial Adhesion Mechanisms in Epilepsy: Cheers and Jeers." Epilepsy Currents 9, no. 4 (July 2009): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7511.2009.01312.x.

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A Role for Leukocyte-Endothelial Adhesion Mechanisms in Epilepsy. Fabene PF, Navarro MG, Martinello M, Rossi B, Merigo F, Ottoboni L, Bach S, Angiari S, Benati D, Chakir A, Zanetti L, Schio F, Osculati A, Marzola P, Nicolato E, Homeister JW, Xia L, Lowe JB, McEver RP, Osculati F, Sbarbati A, Butcher EC, Constantin G. Nat Med 2008;14(12):1377–1383. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder that affects approximately one percent of the world population, are not well understood1,2,3. Using a mouse model of epilepsy, we show that seizures induce elevated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecules and enhanced leukocyte rolling and arrest in brain vessels mediated by the leukocyte mucin P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1, encoded by Selplg) and leukocyte integrins41 and L2. Inhibition of leukocyte-vascular interactions, either with blocking antibodies or by genetically interfering with PSGL-1 function in mice, markedly reduced seizures. Treatment with blocking antibodies after acute seizures prevented the development of epilepsy. Neutrophil depletion also inhibited acute seizure induction and chronic spontaneous recurrent seizures. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, which is known to enhance neuronal excitability, was induced by acute seizure activity but was prevented by blockade of leukocyte-vascular adhesion, suggesting a pathogenetic link between leukocyte-vascular interactions, BBB damage and seizure generation. Consistent with the potential leukocyte involvement in epilepsy in humans, leukocytes were more abundant in brains of individuals with epilepsy than in controls. Our results suggest leukocyte-endothelial interaction as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy.
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Shahraeen, N., T. Ghotbi, A. Dezaje Elkhache, and A. Sahandi. "A Survey of Viruses Affecting French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Iran Includes a First Report of Southern bean mosaic virus and Bean pod mottle virus." Plant Disease 89, no. 9 (September 2005): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1012b.

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A survey was conducted from 2003 to 2004 to identify viruses infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in different growing areas of East Azarbaejan Province of Iran. A total of 300 French bean samples with symptoms of viral infection (mosaic, vein clearing, leaf rolling, yellowing, and leaf distortion) were collected. The samples were tested for eight viruses using the tissue-blot immunoassay procedures (TBIA) (2) and double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) according to the manufacturer's instructions (DSMZ, Braun-schweig, Germany). ELISA tests for Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV), and Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) were used. In addition, antiserum was provided by S. A. Ghabrial (University of Kentucky, Lexington) to test for Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). Serological tests showed that SBMV and BPMV were present in 12% (35 samples) and 5% (15 samples) of samples, respectively. BCMV, BCMNV, BYMV, BLRV, CMV, and AMV were more common and were detected in 155, 105, 80, 46, 30, and 10 samples of 300 samples, respectively. These six viruses were previously reported in other pulses and in French bean in Iran (1). The presence of SBMV and BPMV were verified in samples by transmission to French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and soybean (Glycine max) indicator test plants (3,4). Inoculation with extracts from SBMV-positive plants produced systemic mottle and mosaic symptoms in soybean (cv. Gorgan-3) and French bean (cvs. Dubbele Witte and Cheete). In cowpea (cv. Mashad) and French bean (cv. Pinto), inoculation produced necrotic local lesions. Inoculation with extracts from BPMV-positive plants produced severe mosaic, leaf distortion, and puckering in soybean (cv. Gorgan-3) and French bean (cv. Ten-dergreen). No symptoms were observed in cowpea (cv. Mashad). Cvs. Pinto and Bountiful bean reacted with necrotic local lesions. All indicator test plants tested positive for the presence of SBMV or BPMV as expected using DAS-ELISA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BPMV and SBMV naturally infecting French bean in Iran. These viruses can cause a serious problem to other leguminous crops grown in Iran. References: (1) W. J. Kaiser et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 52:687, 1968. (2) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994. (3) J. S. Semancik. Bean pod mottle virus. No. 108 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI/AAB, Kew, Surrey, England, 1972. (4) J. H. Tremain and R. I. Hamilton. Southern bean mosaic virus. No. 274 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI/AAB, Kew, Surrey, England, 1983.
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10

"Cheese rolling competition." Nutrition & Food Science 39, no. 4 (July 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs.2009.01739dab.026.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cheese Rolling"

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Boss, Marcel. "Entwicklung neuer Methoden zur Analytik von nicht-codierender RNA." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21486.

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Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung neuer Methoden zur Untersuchung zirkulärer RNA. Das erste Projekt dieser Arbeit beschäftigte sich mit der Erstellung eines universell einsetzbaren Protokolls zur Generierung einer funktionalisierten zirkulären RNA. Hierbei konnte zunächst erfolgreich eine Vorschrift zur Herstellung unmodifizierter circRNA etabliert werden. Im zweiten Schritt gelang auch die Generierung einer zirkulären RNA mit Alkin-Funktionalisierung. Geringe Ausbeuten gaben Anlass zur Entwicklung eines alternativen Verfahrens, bei dem die Zyklisierung von Kopf-Schwanz modifizierter RNA durch CuAAC vorgenommen werden sollte. Dabei konnte zunächst eine 5‘-azidmodifizierte RNA durch in vitro Transkription gebildet werden, die anschließend am 3‘-Terminus mit einem 3‘ alkinmodifizierten Baustein mit Aminfunktionalität versehen wurde. Daraufhin konnte erfolgreich eine Zyklisierung mittels CuAAC vorgenommen werden. Ein grundlegendes Problem bei diesen Arbeiten war der Nachweis, dass die gebildete RNA tatsächlich in zirkulärer Form vorlag. Im Rahmen des zweiten Projektes dieser Arbeit wurde ein Assay zur direkten Unterscheidung von zirkulären und linearen Transkripten etabliert. Mittels reverser Transkription konnte ein rolling circle Mechanismus mit dem zirkulären Transkript durchgeführt werden, was in einer multimeren cDNA resultierte. Nach Amplifizierung über qPCR ermöglichteeine Gelanalyse den Nachweis eines spezifischen Bandenmusters für das circRNA-Transkript, wohingegen das lineare Transkript lediglich eine monomere Bande generierte. Anschließend erfolgte die Weiterentwicklung des Assays zu einer spezifischen Nachweismethode für zirkuläre RNA in biologischen Proben.Dabei kann eine abschließende Gelanalyse zur Identifizierung von falsch-positiven Ergebnissen genutzt werden. Die hier etablierte Methode ermöglicht künftig einen schnellen und einfachen Nachweis von circRNA beim Screeningvon biologischen Proben.
Circular RNAs belong to the group of long, non-coding RNAs and have gene regulating functions, comparable to miRNA. However, the field of circRNA research is proceeding slowly due to the lack of efficient analytical methods. That‘s the reason why the development of new analytical methods plays a keyrole within characterisation and identification of circRNAs. This thesis comprises two projects dealing on one hand with the creation of a protocol for the generation of functional circRNA on and the other hand, an assay to differentiate circular and linear RNA. For the generation of circRNA a non-modified circRNA was produced as positiv control by using T4 RNA ligase 2. After the addition of a modification step with T4 RNA ligase 1, it was possible to generate circRNA with alkyne functionalization. Due to limited yields of modified circRNA, the protocol was adapted and a protocol for chemical ligation was established. In this new procedure a RNA with 5‘-azido modification was generated by in vitro transcription, followed by incorporation of a 3‘-alkyne modified building block with additional amine funktionality at the RNA-3‘-end. Consecutively, it was possible to perform a cyclization with the double modified RNA by CuAAC. The second project comprises the establishment of an assay in order to differentiate circular and linear RNA. A rolling circle mechanism was utilized by reverse transcription of a circular RNA transcript, resulting in a multimeric cDNA. Following DNA amplification by qPCR, a specific fragmentation pattern for circRNA was verified by gel electrophoresis. In contrast to this, for linear RNA, a monomeric DNA pattern was seen. Subsequently the assay was advanced to a detection method for circular RNA in biological samples. A final gel electrophoresis allows the identification of false-positive results. In the future, the here developed method can be applied for fast and easy detection of circRNAs in biological samples.
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Zakharchenko, Svetlana [Verfasser], Manfred Akademischer Betreuer] Stamm, Leonid [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ionov, and Oliver G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. "Encapsulation of particles and cells using stimuli-responsive self-rolling polymer films / Svetlana Zakharchenko. Gutachter: Manfred Stamm ; Oliver G. Schmidt. Betreuer: Manfred Stamm ; Leonid Ionov." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068446404/34.

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Guillaume, Rolland [Verfasser], Fancois [Akademischer Betreuer] Hamel, and Jan [Akademischer Betreuer] Prüß. "Global Existence and Fast-Reaction Limit in Reaction-Diffusion Systems with Cross Effects / Rolland Guillaume. Betreuer: Fancois Hamel ; Jan Prüß." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2012. http://d-nb.info/110777182X/34.

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Books on the topic "Cheese Rolling"

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Waring, Rob, and National Geographic Staff. Cheese-Rolling Races. Thomson ELT, 2007.

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Waring, Rob, and National Geographic Staff. Cheese-Rolling Races. Thomson ELT, 2008.

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Waring, Rob, and National Geographic Learning Staff. Cheese-Rolling Races. Thomson ELT, 2008.

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Waring, Rob, and National Geographic Society (U.S.) Staff. Cheese-Rolling Races. Thomson ELT, 2007.

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True Brits: A Tour of Britain In All Its Bog-Snorkeling, Shin-Kicking and Cheese-Rolling Glory. Overlook TP, 2005.

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Science, Popular, ed. Woodworking projects 1987 yearbook. New York: Popular Science, 1987.

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Popular Science : Woodworking Projects Yearbook, 1987. Rodale Press, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cheese Rolling"

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"Casting the Bar Cheese Rolling." In Encyclopedia of Traditional British Rural Sports, 74. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203698839-15.

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"John Rollin Ridge [Yellow Bird, or Chees-quat-a-law-ny] (March 19,1821-October 5, 1867)." In Dictionary of Native American Literature, 287–90. Routledge, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203306246-40.

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Millon, Mark. "Devon and its Evolving Food Culture." In Food and Drink: the cultural context. Goodfellow Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-908999-03-0-2338.

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Bordering Cornwall to the west and Dorset and Somerset to the east and north, Devon is one of England’s largest counties. With Exeter as its capital, it is bounded by the English Channel to the south and the Bristol Channel some 70 miles to the north. In between is a bucolic landscape of gently rolling and verdant pastures for the grazing of dairy cattle and sheep; rich arable farmland; and the rugged, upland country of Dartmoor and Exmoor. This is enviable agricultural country. Devon’s beautiful pasturelands provide grazing for dairy cattle and the county is the source of rich dairy products such as milk, cream, Devon’s famous clotted cream, as well as an increasing and outstanding range of farmhouse cheeses. On upland farms, native breeds such as Red Ruby and South Devon cattle, as well as lamb raised on Dartmoor and Exmoor, provide excellent meats. Organic vegetables and fruit are cultivated in the rich red earth of Devon. Wild foods such as game as well as mushrooms and plants foraged in woodlands add to the local diet, while an increasing range of artisan, hand-crafted foods are produced on both small, cottage scale as well as at a level that allows for national and even international distribution. A fabulous catch of fish and shellfish is landed by day boats and trawlers alike in the ports of Brixham and Exmouth. Regional foods are most ably washed down with traditional cask-conditioned ales, raspingly tannic Devon farmhouse ‘scrumpy’ or cider, and an increasing number of award-winning Devon wines.
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Morgan, Kevin, Terry Marsden, and Jonathan Murdoch. "Localized Quality in Tuscany." In Worlds of Food. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199271580.003.0012.

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With its rolling hills, small farms, diverse products, and high-quality foodstuffs, Tuscany easily conjures up a world of diversification and localization. In fact, so many of the region’s products are seen as world class—notably its wines, olive oils, cheeses, and processed meats—that it is tempting to see this region as the prime example of an Interpersonal World (in Salais and Storper’s terms). Yet, Tuscany’s perceived success in this world of food is a recent phenomenon. Until the 1990s the region was thought to be rather ‘backward’ in character, mainly due to its inability to adopt conventional industrial approaches to food production and processing. While some effort was made to shift Tuscany on to a more industrialized development path during the 1960s and 1970s, by the early 1990s this was widely regarded as having failed. Out of this failure, however, came the search for a new development model, one that could work with, rather than against, the region’s core assets—notably, its localized variety in foodstuffs and environmental features. Thus, a distinctively Tuscan approach to the agri-food sector is explicitly identified in the recent Rural Development Plan (RDP) drawn up by the Tuscan regional government. The document states that the strategy elaborated in the plan is aiming at ‘strengthening the ‘‘Tuscan model’’ of agricultural and rural development’. The plan goes on to identify key characteristics of the model, including the presence of small and mediumsized farms, the existence of quality products, the diversification of agricultural production, the provision of adequate marketing networks, and the enhancement of the environment and the agricultural landscape (Regione Toscana, 2000). It is tempting to imagine that the consolidation of a diversified and localized world of food production in Tuscany owes much to the implementation of this model by governmental authorities in concert with other actors in the food sector. However, it will be argued below that the emergence of a new world of food in Tuscany owes as much to happenstance as it does to the conscious agency of differing institutions and organizations.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cheese Rolling"

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Prabhune, Prajakta, Anindya Deb, and G. Balasubramani. "Simulation Methodology for Occupant Safety Assessment of Indian Railway Passenger Coach." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6189.

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This work intends to lay the groundwork for Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)-based occupant safety of a typical tier-III Indian Railway (IR) passenger coach in a collision accident. Our previous work presented in International Crashworthiness Conference 2010 under the title “Simulation of Crash Behaviour of a Common Indian Railway Passenger Coach” provided crashworthiness assessment of a typical tier-III passenger coach structure for representative head-on collision scenarios namely, against an identical passenger coach and against a stationary locomotive. These scenarios were envisioned to be part of a bigger accident scenario e.g - head-on collision between two trains moving towards each other. Analysis of involved chain of events for entire rolling stock and resulting internal collisions between individual passenger cars was out of scope of this work and necessary inputs were obtained from available literature on the same. This work used a full scale Finite Element (FE) simulation model and commercial explicit solver LS-Dyna. FE model was validated using International Railway Union (UIC) code OR566 specified proof loads for design. Simulation methodology used for dynamic impact was validated by component level crushing experiments using a drop tower facility. Material modelling incorporated strain rate effect on yield strength which is essential for obtaining accurate structural deformations under dynamic impact loading. Contacts were modelled using the penalty method option provided by the solver. This model was simulated for collisions at 30, 40 and 56 km/h against a stationary rigid barrier. Collision speeds were chosen to simulate impact energies involved in collision scenarios as mentioned above. The structure was found to exhibit global bending deformation and jackknifing with pivot position at the door section. In this paper, we present an extension of this work — coupled occupant safety simulation and injury assessment. It was accomplished by recording head, neck, chest and knee responses of a Hybrid-III 50th percentile male Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) FE model, seated in passenger position on lower berth of the first cabin of a passenger car. Interiors were modelled to represent the actual structure. Dummy model was adapted to passenger cabin’s excessive mobility conditions and responses were revalidated against Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) limits. Injury interpretation was based on Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), automotive injury criteria and injury risk curves for Head Injury Criterion (HIC), thoracic spine acceleration, neck bending moment in flexion and extension and knee force. This study provides with estimates of injury and fatality based on computer simulation of accident scenarios. However, attempts of correlating to any available injury and fatality statistics were out of scope of this study.
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