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1
Ganin, Andrei. "Award documents of the CheKa functionary E. G. Evdokimov as a source on the history of All-Ukrainian Extraordinary Commission and Red Terror in Crimea in 1920–1921." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2018): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2018.3-4.2.03.
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The article analyzes the award documents of the head of the Special Department of all-Ukrainian CheKa E. G. Evdokimov as a source on the history of Red Terror in Crimea in 1920–1921 and in relation to the activities of Ukrainian CheKa officers. To date, these materials are the only known departmental evidence of the scale of the Crimean executions. In addition, of interest is the perception of these events by the commander-in-chief of all armed forces of Ukraine and Crimea M.V. Frunze, who left two resolutions on the documents.
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Guerra Gallardo, Miguel. "Íñiguez Egido, Alain: Luces y sombras en la narrativa de la victoria: Madrid, de Corte a cheka de Agustín de Foxá." Anales de Literatura Española, no. 35 (June 1, 2021): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/aleua.2021.35.12.
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Reseña de: Íñiguez Egido, Alain: Luces y sombras en la narrativa de la victoria: Madrid, de Corte a cheka de Agustín de Foxá. Madrid: Guillermo Escolar Editor (Biblioteca crítica de la Guerra Civil), 2020, ISBN: 978-84-18093-35-7, 127 págs.
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Gebresilassie Hailemariam, Adane. "Chemical Characterization and Estimation of Cheka: A Traditional Food and Drink." American Journal of Applied Chemistry 5, no. 5 (2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20170505.12.
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Leonov, Sergei. "All-Russian extraordinary commission (Cheka) and Russian Orthodox Church in 1918." St.Tikhons' University Review 100 (June 30, 2021): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2021100.66-79.
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Renev, E. G. "THE IZHEVSK-VOTKINSK UPRISING: A SECOND ATTEMPT? MEMOiRS OF THE IZHEVSK CHEKIST F. I. BUTIN." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 4 (August 25, 2021): 852–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-4-852-858.
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This work is the publication of the memoirs of F.I. Butin, who was the head of the Izhevsk Cheka in the early 1920s. The author of the memoirs talks about an attempt to organize the second anti-Bolshevik uprising in the Kama region in September 1920 and its suppression. The publication is accompanied by an introductory article.
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Mellēna-Bartkeviča, Lauma. "Theatre and Post-Truth: KGB Experiences Reflected in the Production “History Research Commission” Directed by Alvis Hermanis." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 26/1 (March 1, 2021): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2021.26-1.310.
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“History Research Commission” staged by Alvis Hermanis in New Riga Theatre (2019) is an example of post-truth coming onto the theatre stage in terms of a rather sensitive subject – historical traumas and unsolved issues that still influence today’s society in Latvia. Hermanis’s production accepts the post-truth as an inevitable and obvious present framework of modern thinking; meanwhile, the subject itself (“cheka bags”) implies the impossibility to find out any “truth” due to its distorted nature from the very beginning. “History Research Commission” paradoxically leads to conclude that the post-truth approach in theatre might be the most honest in terms of today’s world, where the truth has lost its previous status of value. The article covers the short history of “post-truth” analysed by Ralph Keyes, Lee McIntyre, and Yael Brahms. It aims to apply the notion to performing arts through the example of KGB’s experiences in Hermanis’s production (co-created with the actors of the New Riga Theatre) that seems to accept the post-truth and the tragedy of Western rationalism facing the impossibility to find out the provable truth regarding certain subjects. The message of absurdity to chase the truth in “cheka bags” confirms post-truth as the status quo of our time.
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Petrov, Nikita. "Group Picture of Soviet Assassins: The Trajectory of Stalinist Executioners from the Revolution to the Great Terror." Connexe : les espaces postcommunistes en question(s) 5 (October 23, 2020): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5077/journals/connexe.2019.e257.
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The article deals with the practice of execution during the period of Soviet political repression. Special attention is paid to the fate of employees of the state security system who served as executioners. The issue of organising the activities of the “special group” and its place in the structure of the Central apparatus of the Cheka-MGB bodies is discussed. Patterns of career development of executioners and their professional deformation are given.
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Binitu Worku, Belay, Habtamu Fekadu Gemede, and Ashagrie Zewdu Woldegiorgis. "Nutritional and alcoholic contents of cheka: A traditional fermented beverage in Southwestern Ethiopia." Food Science & Nutrition 6, no. 8 (October 25, 2018): 2466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.854.
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Godunov, K. V. "The Сelebration of the First Anniversary of the October Revolution and the Red Terror: Legitimizing of Revolutionary Violence." Modern History of Russia 10, no. 4 (2020): 976–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2020.410.
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The author explores how attitudes toward the Red Terror and activities of the Cheka were manifested during celebrations of the first anniversary of the October Revolution. Based on a study of speeches by Bolshevik leaders, propaganda materials related to the festival, discussions at various levels, and characteristics about the holiday provided by opponents and enemies of the ruling party, the author demonstrates what arguments were used for legitimation and delegitimation of the Red Terror. The author analyzes the discussion by D. B. Ryazanov and G. E. Zinovev on the correlation of terror and the holiday; characterizes the position of V. I. Lenin and other prominent Bolsheviks who used the holiday as a resource to discuss the powers of the Cheka; and describes positions of opponents to the Bolsheviks. The significance of one of the first political amnesties in Soviet history, dedicated to the celebration of the October Revolution, is described. Prominent Bolsheviks perceived the role of terror in the revolution in different ways: if V. I. Lenin and G. E. Zinovev, in the struggle to strengthen their influence, were insistent on the need to deepen terror, D. B. Ryazanov insisted that the scope of repressive politics should be limited, and L. B. Kamenev lobbied for amnesties. All of them used the celebration of the first anniversary of October to implement their projects. Research on the linkage between the Red Terror and the holiday provide insights into the specifics of the political situation in the autumn of 1918.
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Tykhonenkov, D. A. "EXTRAORDINARY COMMISSIONS AND THE CONTROL OF THE BOLSHEVIKS FOR THEIR ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE DURING THE CIVIL WAR (1918–1920)." Actual problems of native jurisprudence, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391906.
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The article examines the connection between the Bolshevik political doctrine and the activity of the extraordinary commissions in the USSR in 1918–1920. The forms and methods of party control over the Cheka are shown. The mechanism of state terror in the context of the activity of the Cheka is investigated. The legal basis of the activity of the extraordinary commissions is analyzed. Comparatively, the legal regulation of the control of extraordinary commissions by the party bodies and the practice of enforcement. The author analyzes the powers and functions of party bodies in the control over the activities of extraordinary commissions. Information from archival sources on the activities of party control bodies of the CheK is provided. The author examines the mechanism of the formation of the Chekist bodies and the control of this activity by the Bolsheviks. Archival information on the national composition of a number of extraordinary commissions operating in the territory of Ukraine is provided. The normative basis for the formation of party bodies authorized to control the Chekist bodies is investigated. The author describes in the article the characteristics of the activities of extraordinary commissions in Ukraine from the side of real eyewitnesses, participants in those events, party figures, and publicists of those times. The provisions of the secret documents issued by the authorities of the Soviet government with the aim of manually managing the activities of the Chekist bodies and its correct coordination were provided. The author gives a number of statistical data on the results of the activity of party bodies in controlling the activities of the extraordinary commissions in Ukraine. The genesis of the development of party control by the Bolsheviks over the activities of the Chekist bodies on the territory of Ukraine is explored. The author analyzes the relationship between the Communist Party of the Bolsheviks and the extraordinary commissions. The process of involvement in the activities of extraordinary commissions of communist youth, the process of recruiting staff to their ranks is explored. The author presents archival information on the practice of bringing to justice the members of the Communist Party of the Bolsheviks. The author considers this article as the first step towards rethinking the essence of “red terror”, its origins and mechanism of implementation from the standpoint of today.
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Atiq, Mohammad Omar, Goutam Chakraborty, Subhiksha Nandakumar, Ying Zhang Mazzu, Konrad H. Stopsack, Yuki Yoshikawa, Gwo-Shu Mary Lee, and Philip W. Kantoff. "Checkpoint kinase inhibition in prostate cancer cells resistant to poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.150.
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150 Background: Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown promise in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with DNA damage response defects . The phase 3 PROfound trial showed olaparib delayed the time to radiographic progression or death as compared with abiraterone or enzalutamide. In addition to olaparib, three other PARPi are in Phase 3 trials in prostate cancer (PC): rucaparib, talazoparib, and niraparib. Despite responses, resistance is common and treatment options for PARPi-resistant patients are limited. In this study, we observed de novo activation of checkpoint kinases (CHEK) in talazoparib-resistant (TR) PC cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting CHEK may mitigate resistance to PARPi in PC. Methods: We developed TR human prostate cancer PC3 (low BRCA2 protein due to heterozygous deletion of BRCA2) cells. We performed phosphoproteomic analysis to identify possible mechanisms of talazoparib resistance in PC3 cells and validated the results with Western blot. Results: TR-PC3 cells proliferated slower and had a significant increase in the phosphorylation of CHEK2 compared to parental (p) PC3. Treatment with a CHEK2-selective inhibitor, CCT241533, did not affect cell growth in TR-PC3 cells. Conversely, treatment with a CHEK 1/2 inhibitor, prexasertib, led to significant cell growth inhibition in TR-PC3 at a much lower IG 50% concentration compared to pPC3. RNAi-mediated knockdown validated the superior efficacy of combined CHEK1 and CHEK2 inhibition since this combination produced the greatest cell growth inhibition seen in both TR-PC3 and de novo PARPi-resistant p22RV1. Treatment of pPC-3 and p22RV1 with combinations of talazoparib and prexasertib showed greater cell growth inhibition compared to either drug alone. Conclusions: Resistance to PARPi in PC cells with deletion of BRCA2 may potentially be overcome with CHEK inhibition. Moreover, our preliminary data suggested that the effect of PARPi and CHEK inhibitors on PARPi/CHEK inhibitor-naïve PC cells was greatest when used together, indicating that patients with PC may experience greatest anti-tumor activity of the two drugs when they are used in combination.
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Lauchlan, Iain. "Guardians of the People's Total Happiness: The Origins and Impact of the Cult of the Cheka." Politics, Religion & Ideology 14, no. 4 (December 2013): 522–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2013.829048.
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Anemone, Anthony. "Konstantin Vaginov and the Death of Nikolai Gumilev." Slavic Review 48, no. 4 (1989): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2499787.
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In his “Poetic Responses to the Death of Gumilev,” Ivan Martynov has chronicled the repercussions of Gumilev's execution by the Cheka in August 1921 in the poetry of his contemporaries. Martynov recalls those poets who remained faithful to Gumilev and marked his death with memorable poems as well as the opportunists who publicly and loudly praised his executioners. Among those who betrayed Gumilev for selfish reasons, Martynov cites such former close friends as Elizaveta Polonskaia, Mikhail Zenkevich, Larisa Reisner, and Sergei Gorodetskii. Their cynicism and cowardice were, however, more than offset by the loyalty and resourcefulness of, among others, Anna Akhmatova, Georgii Adamovich, Nikolai Otsup, Ida Nappel'baum and Irina Odoevtseva. Despite the very real danger, these poets refused to renounce Gumilev in public. Because the Soviet censor would allow no overt references to Gumilev, much less poems in commemoration of his death, his friends were able to refer to him only obliquely in the months following his execution.
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Lyandres, Semion. "The 1918 Attempt on the Life of Lenin: A New Look at the Evidence." Slavic Review 48, no. 3 (1989): 432–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2498997.
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On Friday, 30 August 1918, the day M. S. Uritskii, chairman of the Petrograd Cheka, was assassinated, Lenin was scheduled to address the Corn Exchange in the Basmannyi district of Moscow at 6:00 P.M. and the Mikhelson Armaments Factory in the Serpukhovskii section later. The first speech passed without incident; at the Mikhelson factory he gave the same fifteen-to-twenty minute speech he had delivered at the Corn Exchange, an attack on the forces of counterrevolution. In both locations he concluded his speech with the words “there is only one issue, victory or death!” As Lenin returned to his car in the factory courtyard, three shots were fired and he fell to the ground with bullet wounds in his left shoulder and the left side of his neck; the third bullet hit a woman standing nearby. The workers accompanying him to his car ran off, crying, “they've killed him, they've killed him!” and the crowded courtyard emptied quickly.
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Fentie, Eskindir Getachew, Shimelis Admassu Emire, Hundessa Dessalegn Demsash, Debebe Worku Dadi, and Jae-Ho Shin. "Cereal- and Fruit-Based Ethiopian Traditional Fermented Alcoholic Beverages." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121781.
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Traditional fermented alcoholic beverages are drinks produced locally using indigenous knowledge, and consumed near the vicinity of production. In Ethiopia, preparation and consumption of cereal- and fruit-based traditional fermented alcoholic beverages is very common. Tella, Borde, Shamita, Korefe, Cheka, Tej, Ogol, Booka, and Keribo are among the popular alcoholic beverages in the country. These beverages have equal market share with commercially produced alcoholic beverages. Fermentation of Ethiopian alcoholic beverages is spontaneous, natural and uncontrolled. Consequently, achieving consistent quality in the final product is the major challenge. Yeasts and lactic acid bacteria are the predominate microorganisms encountered during the fermentation of these traditional alcoholic beverages. In this paper, we undertake a review in order to elucidate the physicochemical properties, indigenous processing methods, nutritional values, functional properties, fermenting microorganisms and fermentation microbial dynamics of Ethiopian traditional alcoholic beverages. Further research will be needed in order to move these traditional beverages into large-scale production.
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Hotessa, Niguse, and Jedala Robe. "Ethiopian Indigenous Traditional Fermented Beverage: The Role of the Microorganisms toward Nutritional and Safety Value of Fermented Beverage." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (December 12, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8891259.
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Ethiopia is one of the countries where a wide variety of traditional fermented beverages are produced and consumed for a long time. Traditional fermented beverages are those which are indigenous to a particular area and have been developed by the people using age-old techniques from locally available raw materials. Some of Ethiopian indigenous traditional fermented beverages products are Cheka, Keribo, Borde, Areki, Tella, Shamita, Booka, and Korefe, in which fermentation is natural and involves mixed cultures of microbes. The most common fermenting microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, are used as probiotics, for improvement of organoleptic properties, for provision of nutritional quality and biopreservative. The nature of beverage preparation in Ethiopia, traditional household processing, associated microorganisms with a fermented beverage, and their contribution toward improving the nutritional value and safety, the extent, and its prospect in supporting the livelihood of people in Ethiopia need concern. Therefore, in the future, to improve its quality, it is important to standardize the methods of beverage fermentation processes.
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Kuzina, Kseniia. "«The Chekist’s Calendar»: celebration of the commemorative dates devoted to Cheka-OGPU-NKVD in the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s." Z arhìvìv VUČK, GPU, NKVD, KGB, no. 1 (53) (August 17, 2020): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/vuchk2020.01.077.
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Tsegaye, Behailu, Eyayou Girma, Tesfaye Kanko, Tamiru Shibru, Tadiwos Hailu, Sntayehu Abebe, Eshetu Zerihun, Aseer Manilal, and Eskezyiaw Agedew. "Sero-prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among the consumers of the alcoholic beverage, cheka in Konso zone, southwestern Ethiopia." Heliyon 6, no. 12 (December 2020): e05664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05664.
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Ilnytskyi, V. "Anti-insurgent struggle in the Carpathian area of the OUN (1945 – 1954): cheka-military operation as means of suppression of the ukrainian liberation movement." Scholarly Works of the Faculty of History, Zaporizhzhia National University 49 (2017): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/swfh-2017-49-007.
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Gazatulin, Shamil T. "Organization, state and activity of criminal investigation units intelligence work in the Middle Volga Region in the first half of the 1920s." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202209.
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The paper reflects the issues of formation and development of the agency work of state security and law enforcement agencies in the first half of the 1920s. The author considers the process of operational work formation of the criminal investigation department. Legal documents regulating the secret work of the Cheka and NKVD bodies are also considered. The categories of criminal investigation agents, the requirements imposed on them, the rules for building and controlling covert work, and the amount of funding are specified. Development and formation of the secret work of central and local criminal investigation institutions is traced on the example of the provincial criminal investigation departments of the Middle Volga region. On the basis of archival documents, the complexity and unevenness of this process in the regions are noted; the main problems (organizational, personnel and material) and the measures taken to eliminate them and improve the secret work are reflected. Materials of all-Russian congresses of NKVD territorial bodies heads show that much attention was paid to the organization of intelligence and operational work. The practical significance of covert work on the activities of the criminal investigation department is considered. The author has analyzed the influence of the received agent information by the Penza provincial department of criminal investigation on the activity of solving crimes in the second half of 1922.
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Goland, Yu M. "Power and business in the first years of NEP: The paraffin case." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-8-128-145.
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The article discusses the relationship between authorities and business in 19211922 using the example of the litigation at the end of March 1922 at the Supreme Tribunal of All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) accusing a group of employees of the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Trade, Supreme Economic Council and private intermediaries in the sale and resale of imported paraffin at speculative prices. The uniqueness of this case was that the harsh sentence was quashed by the Presidium of VTsIK, and the case was dismissed. The deal lasted two weeks and was investigated by the Cheka and the Supreme Tribunal by denunciation of one of the customers who was dissatisfied with the growth in paraffin prices during this time. The process went in accordance with Lenin’s directive to combat the abuse of NEP, although the defendants did not break the laws. Investigations and the court attributed normal trading practice to those abuses. It is shown that Lenin’s instruction contradicted the principle of raising the productive forces at all costs previously put forward by himself. The article shows controversy between the leaders of economic departments, who spoke out in defense of the accused and for the development of NEP, and law enforcement officials who tried to limit NEP. The reasons for the cancellation of a severe conviction are analyzed. It is proposed how to use the lessons of the paraffin case to improve present relationships between business and authorities.
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Petin, Dmitriy. "Omsk Industrialist Georgy Yakovlevich Serebryakov in the Conditions of a Civil War." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 21, no. 2 (June 23, 2020): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2588.2020.21(2).177-199.
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The publication is a biographical study dedicated to a prominent representative of the pre-revolutionary Siberian industrial and commercial bourgeoisie, tobacco manufacturer George Yakovlevich Serebryakov. The work illustrates the social adaptation of a person to the conditions of state and political disasters caused by the events of the Revolution and the Civil War in the east of Russia, using the example of the personality of this figure, very famous in the circles of commerce and power. Based on the specifics of the study the theory of social adaptation, as well as the historical and biographical method, became the methodological basis for the preparation of this article and determined its genre. A connection is made between the question presented in the study and the historiography of the problem, with an emphasis on unexplored plots in the biography of the hero of the story, which allows us to confirm the novelty of this publication. To write the article, a complex of historical sources was used, concentrated in the case of G.Ya. Serebryakov as a justice of the peace (from the funds of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region) and criminal case 1920-1921 initiated by the Cheka in relation to our hero (from the archive of the FSB of Russia in the Omsk region). This work is addressed to researchers of social history, the Civil War in Russia, the repressive policies of the Soviet state at an early stage and genealogy-practices.
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Petin, Dmitriy. "Omsk Industrialist Georgy Yakovlevich Serebryakov in the Conditions of a Civil War." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 21, no. 2 (June 23, 2020): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2588.2020.21(2).177-199.
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The publication is a biographical study dedicated to a prominent representative of the pre-revolutionary Siberian industrial and commercial bourgeoisie, tobacco manufacturer George Yakovlevich Serebryakov. The work illustrates the social adaptation of a person to the conditions of state and political disasters caused by the events of the Revolution and the Civil War in the east of Russia, using the example of the personality of this figure, very famous in the circles of commerce and power. Based on the specifics of the study the theory of social adaptation, as well as the historical and biographical method, became the methodological basis for the preparation of this article and determined its genre. A connection is made between the question presented in the study and the historiography of the problem, with an emphasis on unexplored plots in the biography of the hero of the story, which allows us to confirm the novelty of this publication. To write the article, a complex of historical sources was used, concentrated in the case of G.Ya. Serebryakov as a justice of the peace (from the funds of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region) and criminal case 1920-1921 initiated by the Cheka in relation to our hero (from the archive of the FSB of Russia in the Omsk region). This work is addressed to researchers of social history, the Civil War in Russia, the repressive policies of the Soviet state at an early stage and genealogy-practices.
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Ozair, Sana, Cassandra Gurganus, Veena Krishnan, Gideon T. Dosunmu, Delmer Alfredo Montoya Motino, Leander Grimm, Thuy Phung, Jessa Blount, Cindy Nelson, and Moh'd M. Khushman. "The clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with personal or family history of gastrointestinal malignancies/polyposis and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) mutations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.44.
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44 Background: Checkpoint Kinase 2 (CHEK 2) encodes the protein CHK2, a serine/threonine kinase involved in pathways that conduct DNA repair as well as apoptosis in response to initial DNA damage. Germline mutations in the CHEK2 gene are associated with several malignancies such as colon, breast, stomach, prostate, kidney, thyroid and soft tissue cancers. Here, we describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with personal or family history of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies/polyposis and CHEK2 gene mutations. Methods: This is an IRB-approved retrospective chart-review study. Between 2016 and 2020, 1011 unique genetic counseling visits were conducted. Germline testing was recommended by a certified genetic counselor if medically necessary. All patients with a germline CHEK2 mutation were identified (N = 16). Patients with a CHEK2 mutation and personal and family history of GI malignancies/polyposis were further explored and their clinical and molecualr characteristics are summarized. Results: The reasons for referral to the Cancer Genetics Counseling Services in patients with pathogenic CHEK2 mutations were personal history of colon cancer (N = 3) and family history of colon cancer (N = 4). One patient with the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation had a personal history of juvenile polyposis syndrome and a family history of colon cancer. In our cohort, 11 out of 16 (69%) patients had a CHEK2 mutation and personal or family history of GI malignancies/polyposis. The median age was 57 years old (25-80). Six (55%) patients were males. All (100%) patients were Caucasians. Seven (64%) patients had a pathogenic germline CHEK2 mutation and 4 (36%) patients had a variant of unknown significance (VUS). Among patients with pathogenic germline CHEK2 mutations (N = 7), 5 (72%) patients had CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation, 1 (14%) patient had CHEK2 c.190G > A mutation and 1 (14%) patient had CHEK2 c.470T > C mutation. The CHEK2 VUS mutations seen in our cohort were CHEK2 c.539G > A, CHEK2 p.V395L, CHEK2 gain of exons 3-15 and CHEK2 c.1421G > A mutations. Conclusions: All patients in our cohort with CHEK2 mutations were Caucasians. The majority of our patients (69%) had an underlying personal or family history of GI malignancies/polyposis. In patients with personal or family history of GI malignancies/polyposis and CHEK2 mutation, 64% were found to have pathogenic CHEK2 mutations. The most common diagnosed CHEK2 mutation in our cohort was CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation.
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Öztan, G., M. Aktan, S. Palanduz, H. İşsever, S. Öztürk, E. Nikerel, A. Uçur, G. Bağatir, A. Bayrak, and K. Çefle. "Relationship between chromosomal aberrations and gene expressions in the p53 pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia." Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics 23, no. 1 (August 26, 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2020-0007.
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AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a neoplasm characterized by excessive accumulation of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. We assessed the expressions of 22 genes in the p53 pathway in 30 CLL patients and 15 healthy subjects by a RT2 Profiler PCR (polymerase chain reaction) Array technique and their relation to cytogenetic aberrations detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Our Student’s t-test results indicated that ATM, ATR, BAX, CASP9, CDK4, CDKN2A, CHEK1, CHEK2, E2F3, MCL1, MDM2, MDM4, PCNA, RB1, P53 and BCL2 genes were statistically significant (p <0.001). For six genes (APAF1, CDKN1A, E2F1, GADD45A, PTEN and PTX3) were not statistically significant. The ATM, ATR, BAX, CASP9, CDK4, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, CHEK1, CHEK2, MDM2, MDM4, PCNA, RB1, P53, E2F1, GADD45A and BCL2 genes were found to be upregulated by the 2-ᐃᐃCt (relative fold change in gene expression) method. The highest up-regulation was detected in CDKN2A and BCL2 genes, 10.22- and 8.51-fold, respectively. On the other hand, the PTX3 gene with a fold regulation of 1.84 was found to the highest downregulation. Overall, the CDNK2A BCL2 and PTX3 genes are related to the mechanism of the disease in the p53 pathway and may be an important predictor of the prognosis of the disease. The BCL2 gene may be associated with increased risk of developing CLL. We suggest that the PTX3 gene may be considered as a marker associated with CLL disease. The CDKN2A gene expression seems to play a protective role in CLL.
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Atiq, Mohammad Omar, Goutam Chakraborty, Subhiksha Nandakumar, Ying Zhang Mazzu, Konrad Hermann Stopsack, Lina E. Jehane, Yuki Yoshikawa, Nabeela Khan, Gwo-Shu Mary Lee, and Philip W. Kantoff. "Targeting checkpoint kinases in prostate cancer cells resistant to poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e16543-e16543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e16543.
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e16543 Background: The identification of DNA damage response (DDR) gene abnormalities in various cancers has provided potential therapeutic targets including the poly ADP-ribose polymerase enzyme (PARP). PARP inhibitors are now approved for use in ovarian, breast, and prostate cancer (PC). Olaparib and rucaparib have been given Breakthrough Therapy designation by the FDA for use in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and germline BRCA1/2 or ATM mutations. However, drug resistance limits the efficacy of PARPi. Somatic reversion mutations of BRCA1/2 have been described as one potential mechanism of resistance to PARPi in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. However, in PC, the BRCA2 gene is frequently deleted, in contrast to other cancers, where it is mutated. Thus, we hypothesize that resistance to PARPi in PC may involve alternative molecular mechanisms. Methods: We performed cell viability assays to determine the inhibitory growth (IG) concentrations of olaparib and talazoparib on human castration-resistant PC cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP-Abl) that have heterozygous genomic deletions of BRCA2. Parental PC-3 cells were cultured in sublethal concentrations (IG 50% and IG 90%) of talazoparib-supplemented media for approximately 2 months to develop talazoparib-resistant cells. We then performed an analysis of phosphorylation status in untreated and treated parental PC-3 and talazoparib-resistant clones with a phosphokinase array. We confirmed this with Western blot. Results: Talazoparib-resistant PC-3 clones showed significantly enhanced cell growth compared to parental cells when cultured in media supplemented with the IG 90% concentration of talazoparib or olaparib. The phosphokinase array revealed a significant increase in the phosphorylation of CHEK2 in talazoparib-resistant clones compared to parental PC-3 cells. Interestingly, a similar increase was seen after 72 hours of treatment with talazoparib, indicating an early connection between PARP inhibition and CHEK2 phosphorylation in PC cells. Moreover, a pan-CHEK inhibitor, prexasertib, led to significant cell growth inhibition in talazoparib-resistant PC-3 clones and a significantly lower IG 50% concentration compared to parental PC-3 cells. Conclusions: We speculate that early activation of CHEK2 may be a primary mechanism of resistance to PARPi in PC cells with deletion of BRCA2. Furthermore, our preliminary data showed that CHEK inhibition can overcome PARPi resistance, indicating a potential for CHEK inhibitor-based therapy for PC patients.
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Liu, Huanhuan, Yanrui Zhang, Feng Ding, Yun Zhang, Xiayuan Liang, Feng Lou, Shanbo Cao, and Huina Wang. "Frequency of homologous recombination deficiency gene mutations in melanoma and its relevance to the immunotherapeutic response." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e15073-e15073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e15073.
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e15073 Background: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment based on increasing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and therefore might serve as a biomarker of immunotherapeutic response. The HRD phenotype has been defined as the presence of a non-silent somatic mutation in homologous recombination-related (HRR) genes. Here, we focused on frequency of HRR genes mutation and the relationship between HRR genes mutation and clinical immunotherapy responses in melanoma. Methods: We prospectively sequenced 130 Chinese melanoma patients using next-generation sequencing techniques with Acornmed panel with 808 cancer-related genes. 208 patients with WES data from the TCGA project were included. Correlations between HRR gene mutations and clinical outcomes were identified via bioinformatic analysis using TCGA datasets. Results: In the Chinese cohort, 40% (52/130) patients exhibited genomic alterations in HRR genes. The frequently mutated genes were ATM (14%), BRCA2 (13%), CHEK2 (6%), PALB2 (6%), BRIP1 (4.6%), BARD1 (3%), BRCA1 (2%), CDK12 (2%), CHEK1 (1%), FANCL (1%), and RAD54L (1%). In TCGA cohort, 26% (53/208) patients had at least one somatic mutation in an HRR gene. The frequently mutated genes were BRCA2 (9%), BRCA1 (7%), ATM (6%), BRIP1 (4%), PALB2 (4%), BRAD1 (1%), CHEK2 (1%), PPP2R2A (1%), RAD51B (1%), RAD51C (1%), RAD54L (1%), CHEK1 (1%), and RAD51D. Chinese melanoma patients had higher frequently mutated HRR genes compared to that in TCGA patients (40% vs 26%, p=0.005). In addition, compared with TCGA cohort, the Chinese cohort had higher frequency for ATM (14% vs 6%, p=0.019) and CHEK2 (6% vs 2%, p=0.006). The TCGA cohort had a higher frequency of BRCA1 mutations than the Chinese cohort, although the difference was not statistically significant. Unfortunately, we did not find a significant correlation between HRR mutation and immune cells. Interestingly, in the TCGA cohort, patients with HRR-mut had significantly better OS than patients with HRR-wt (log-rank p=0.027). Conclusions: Our data suggest that detection of somatic mutations in HRR genes might contribute to identify patients who might benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In addition, the molecular features of HRD provide new opportunities to predict the tumor response to multiple treatments.[Table: see text]
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Searle, M. P., J. M. Cottle, M. J. Streule, and D. J. Waters. "Crustal melt granites and migmatites along the Himalaya: melt source, segregation, transport and granite emplacement mechanisms." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 100, no. 1-2 (March 2009): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569100901617x.
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ABSTRACTIndia–Asia collision resulted in crustal thickening and shortening, metamorphism and partial melting along the 2200 km-long Himalayan range. In the core of the Greater Himalaya, widespread in situ partial melting in sillimanite+K-feldspar gneisses resulted in formation of migmatites and Ms+Bt+Grt+Tur±Crd±Sil leucogranites, mainly by muscovite dehydration melting. Melting occurred at shallow depths (4–6 kbar; 15–20 km depth) in the middle crust, but not in the lower crust. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of leucogranites are very high (0·74–0·79) and heterogeneous, indicating a 100 crustal protolith. Melts were sourced from fertile muscovite-bearing pelites and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses of the Neo-Proterozoic Haimanta–Cheka Formations. Melting was induced through a combination of thermal relaxation due to crustal thickening and from high internal heat production rates within the Proterozoic source rocks in the middle crust. Himalayan granites have highly radiogenic Pb isotopes and extremely high uranium concentrations. Little or no heat was derived either from the mantle or from shear heating along thrust faults. Mid-crustal melting triggered southward ductile extrusion (channel flow) of a mid-crustal layer bounded by a crustal-scale thrust fault and shear zone (Main Central Thrust; MCT) along the base, and a low-angle ductile shear zone and normal fault (South Tibetan Detachment; STD) along the top. Multi-system thermochronology (U–Pb, Sm–Nd, 40Ar–39Ar and fission track dating) show that partial melting spanned ̃24–15 Ma and triggered mid-crustal flow between the simultaneously active shear zones of the MCT and STD. Granite melting was restricted in both time (Early Miocene) and space (middle crust) along the entire length of the Himalaya. Melts were channelled up via hydraulic fracturing into sheeted sill complexes from the underthrust Indian plate source beneath southern Tibet, and intruded for up to 100 km parallel to the foliation in the host sillimanite gneisses. Crystallisation of the leucogranites was immediately followed by rapid exhumation, cooling and enhanced erosion during the Early–Middle Miocene.
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Ziolkowski, Margaret, and Fazil' Iskander. "Zashchita Chika." World Literature Today 59, no. 1 (1985): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40140716.
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Wang, Shijia, Yue Zhang, Min Chen, Yong Wang, Yifei Feng, Ziwei Xu, Dongsheng Zhang, Yueming Sun, and Zan Fu. "Association of genetic variants in ATR-CHEK1 and ATM-CHEK2 pathway genes with risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population." Oncotarget 9, no. 42 (January 23, 2018): 26616–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.24299.
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Yang, Tongtong, Huanhuan Liu, Mingwei Li, Yanrui Zhang, Yun Zhang, Xiayuan Liang, Tao Zhou, Feng Lou, Shanbo Cao, and Huina Wang. "Frequency of homologous recombination repair alterations in ovarian cancer in Chinese population." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e17531-e17531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e17531.
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e17531 Background: Ovarian Cancer (OC) is the most lethal cancer of all gynecological malignancies.Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has received substantial attention in recent years resulting from the non-invasive, safe and effective method with considerable potential for clinical diagnosis and treatment management in patients with OC. Here, we assessed the mutational feature in homologous recombination repair (HRR) using ctDNA in OC. Methods: Plasma ctDNA was isolated from blood of patients and then was analyzed by AcornMed Biotechnology NGS-based assay for 808 genes panel for genomic alterations. The somatic and germline pathogenic mutations were identified in 12 HRR genes (ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CHEK1, CHEK2, FANCA, PALB2, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, RAD54L). Results: At our institution, 85 patients underwent NGS analysis of ovarian cancer specimens. The median age was 57 (range from 26 to 83). Twenty-six patients(42.34%) harbored a mutation in at least 1 of the HRR genes in their tumor. The most commonly altered HRR gene was BRCA1 (18.25%), followed by BRCA2 (8.76%), ATM (5.84%), RAD51D(3.65%), CHEK2 (2.92%), FANCA(2.19%) and RAD51C (0.73%). To determine the difference of mutation landscape in HRR between Chinese and western populations, we compared prevalence and spectrum in cases between our cohort and the cohort of Heeke et al 1(Table). Prevalence of HRR were different from the Western cases(42.34% vs 20%, P＜0.05). Of note, BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM and CHEK2 alterations rate was higher in our cohort, and BRIP1 and PALB2 were only detected in the western cohort. Conclusions: CtDNA can characterize the mutational feature of HRR in OC. Around 42.3% of patients with OC harbour germline or somatic HRR mutations. The expanded use of PARP inhibitors in HRR deficient tumours using a signature of HRR by ctDNA in clinical practice requires validation.[Table: see text]
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Hidug Desta, Birhane, and Girma Mengesha Melese. "Determination of Protein Value and Alcoholic Content in Locally Prepared Different Types of Cheka at Different Stages Using <i>CHNS</i> Elemental Analyzer and Specific Gravity <i>Methods</i>." American Journal of Applied Chemistry 7, no. 6 (2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190706.13.
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Vale, Maíra. ""É DAQUELE QUE VEM DA MATA E DÁ UNS PULOS": O MOVIMENTO DO CABOCLO NA VIDA E NA ESCRITA." Debates do NER 2, no. 38 (December 29, 2020): 281–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1982-8136.106257.
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Cachoeira é uma cidade do Recôncavo Baiano palco do protagonismo na guerra pela Independência da Bahia, casa de muitos terreiros de candomblé, morada de uma população majoritariamente negra. Cheia de histórias, a cidade possui uma forte presença da entidade caboclo em seu cotidiano. A proposta deste artigo é pensar como essa presença do caboclo dentro e fora dos terreiros da cidade nos ajuda a refletir sobre escrita etnográfica. Para tanto, buscarei acompanhar as maneiras como o caboclo aparece nas narrativas da história oficial da Bahia como símbolo nacional, na literatura dos Estudos Afro-brasileiros sobre os candomblés de Salvador e do Recôncavo Baiano como entidade marcada por uma multiplicidade e nas ruas da cidade de Cachoeira como uma presença cotidiana. A ideia, assim, é imprimir ao próprio texto o movimento do caboclo – que prescinde de chamado quando chega, vem da mata e, com sua braveza, dá seus pulos.
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Guimarães, Gabriel. "O partido Chega." Locus: Revista de História 26, no. 2 (September 20, 2020): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2594-8296.2020.v26.31953.
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Mayer, Amy. "Taming the Chena." Weatherwise 56, no. 4 (July 2003): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00431670309605370.
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Bendassolli, Pedro Fernando. "Chega de diversão!" GV-executivo 2, no. 4 (October 3, 2004): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvexec.v2n4.2004.34996.
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<div>Em plena era da inteligência emocional, das equipes motivadas, da flexibilidade e outras modas de fácil apelo e duvidosa eficácia, uma alemã prega o retorno da disciplina, da austeridade e da aplicação de rígidos valores morais no ambiente organizacional. Defendendo o fim do trabalho em equipe, das jornadas flexíveis e das estruturas sem chefe, a autora Judith Mair causa controvérsia. Este artigo investiga suas idéias e revela, além da polêmica, doses bem-vindas de bom senso e consistência.</div>
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SHIMADA, HIDEMI. "The Chika Society." Communication Research 18, no. 4 (August 1991): 566–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009365091018004006.
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Bloland, Harland G. "Creating CHEA." Journal of Higher Education 70, no. 4 (July 1999): 357–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221546.1999.11780768.
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Radziwiłłowicz, Dariusz. "Żołnierze 5 Dywizji Strzelców Polskich w bolszewickiej niewoli i ich repatriacja." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3601.
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The formation of Polish armed troops began in summer 1918, during the battles between troops of the Czechoslovak Corps (Radziwiłłowicz 2010, 107–126), “white” Russians and Bolsheviks in the Volga region and in Siberia. Earlier that year, small Polish troops began to form spontaneously, taking their names from the towns of formation; therefore, those were, among others, Omsk, Irkuck, Semipalatynsk “legions”. In October 1918, due to a Bolshevik offensive, Polish forces were stationed in Novonikolayevsk (now Novosibirsk) on the Ob river. A division with three rifle regiments, a light artillery regiment and a lancer regiment was formed in 1918 and 1919. The newly-formed troops made up a tactical unit which drew on the tradition of the 5th Polish Rifle Division of the 2nd Polish Corps, with the same number and name (Radziwiłłowicz 2009). More ambitious organisational plans were developed for a supra-division command structure: the Polish Army Command in Eastern Russia and Siberia. From the end of November 1919 to early January 1920, over a distance of nearly a thousand kilometres, troops of the 5th Polish Rifle Division divided into 57 echelons and evacuated by the decrepit Trans-Siberian Railway as the rearguard of the allied forces, through the area of a civil war, among the hostile population of Siberia. The capitulation of the 5th Polish Rifle Division at the Klukviennaya station came as a surprise, not only to its command. The behaviour of the Czechoslovak commanders blocking the railroad, when troops of the Soviet 5th Army and Bolshevik guerrillas attacked the stretched Polish echelons, was regarded as deliberate and aimed at the liquidation of the Polish division. The commander of the Polish division, Colonel Kazimierz Rumsza with a group of his followers, as well as over a thousand officers and privates, who had no illusions that Bolsheviks would observe certain wartime and moral standards adopted by both parties of the conflict, avoided Bolshevik captivity and its cruelty. This group made their way to Harbin in Manchuria, from where a small number of Polish troops were evacuated by sea to Poland (Radziwiłłowicz 2015). The remainder of the division, after surviving the hell of Soviet POW and labour camps, returned to Poland in 1921 and 1922 by repatriation transports. About 4 thousand soldiers of the 5th Polish Rifle Division did not survive the hardships of the camps and the cruelty of the Cheka.
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Lushin, Aleksandr I., and Ivan V. Kalinin. "TRANSFORMATION OF STATE SECURITY AGENCIES IN THE PERIOD OF THE KHRUSHCHEV’S THAW." Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 19, no. 2 (June 29, 2019): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.046.019.201902.125-136.
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Introduction. The epoch of Khrushchev’s “thaw” is a turning point in the history of the development of state security agencies. There is a break in the ideological connection between Cheka agency’s methods of work and the newly formed State Security Committee under the USSR Council of Ministers, a rethinking of the structure, goals and objectives of the department in accordance with the new policy of the ruling authorities. Research methods. In order to study the reform trends in the state security bodies of 1953–1964, in the article the method of historicism was used. It allows to consider the institute of state security bodies in the context of the definitely historical conditions of its existence. Besides the elements of the comparative historical method was used for creating a general idea of the tasks and goals of the department from the beginning of its existence in the RSFSR and until the end of period. Results and discussion. The analysis of publicly available sources of scientific literature has allowed to delineate the boundaries of modernization processes in the state security agencies of the Khrushchev “thaw” period. The actual transition of the heir to the VChK – OGPU – NKVD – NKGB – MGB from subordination of the state to the party power determined the further development of the KGB. Entirely subordinate to the party apparatus, the department was transformed depending on the interests of the political bureaucracy in power. However, the absence of a specific policy and the obvious distrust of N. S. Khrushchev to the state security authorities led to mixed results in regarding the effectiveness of the KGB, designed to ensure the protection of the country. The negative consequences included “the birth trauma” of the KGB after the 20th Congress of the CPSU, denouncing the violation of legality by the past KGB, weakening the moral and psychological climate inside the system and turning the Committee, designed to protect the state and its citizens from internal and external threats, into a party appendage with the inviolability of party employees, which led to a decrease in the rule of law. The positive results of the transformation of the state security bodies consisted in partial liberalization of the established system, softening the methods of the KGB, reorienting to protect the state from external enemies, creating the legal basis of the department’s activities and promoting its positive image.
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Grogan, Nicole Margo, Yi-Mi Wu, Dan R. Robinson, James M. Rae, Norah Lynn Henry, Daniel F. Hayes, Michelle F. Jacobs, et al. "Use of comprehensive next-generation sequencing to identify pathogenic germline variants with therapeutic relevance in metastatic breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 10527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10527.
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10527 Background: Among patients with early-stage breast cancer, approximately 6-10% have a pathogenic germline variant (PGV) conferring inherited cancer predisposition. In contrast, few studies have explored the frequency and types of PGVs identified in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC); therefore, additional data is needed. Methods: From 2011-2020, 278 patients with MBC underwent fresh tumor biopsy and blood sample collection for paired tumor/normal DNA (targeted exome capture with analysis of 1700 genes) and RNA (tumor transcriptome) sequencing through the Michigan Oncology Sequencing (Mi-ONCOSEQ) program. Somatic and germline alterations were annotated and classified according to degree of clinical actionability with results returned to treating oncologists. Retrospective chart review was performed to determine if: 1) a PGV was identified prior to Mi-ONCOSEQ testing, 2) patients met National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline criteria for genetic testing on the basis of personal or family cancer history and 3) patients received subsequent therapy informed by a PGV. Results: Forty-eight of the 278 patients (17.3%) had at least one PGV identified, with a total of 50 PGVs identified in this cohort. Only twelve of these PGVs (24%) had been identified prior to Mi-ONCOSEQ testing. The most frequent PGVs identified were in CHEK 2 (n = 9, 18%), MUTYH (n = 6, 12%), BRCA 1 (n = 5, 10%), BRCA2 (n = 5, 10%), ATM (n = 4, 8%) and PALB2 (n = 4, 8%). Somatic loss of heterozygosity events (LOH) occurred in 30 of the 50 cases with PGVs identified (60%). LOH events were observed in 83.3% of BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM and PALB2 PGVs, but were less frequently observed with CHEK2 (33.3%) and MUTYH (66.7%). Two hundred sixteen out of 278 patients (77.7%) in this cohort met NCCN criteria for genetic testing, although six patients with a PGV identified (CHEK2: n = 5; MUTYH: n = 1) did not meet NCCN criteria. Twenty-nine PGVs identified (58%) had potential therapeutic relevance and 11 patients (22.9%) received targeted therapy based on the PGV. Conclusions: The frequency of PGVs identified in this cohort is nearly double the frequency reported for patients with early-stage disease, suggesting that certain PGVs may confer worse prognosis. CHEK2, the most frequently identified PGV, was less likely to have an identifiable LOH event. The direct role of CHEK2 PGVs in tumor pathogenesis is uncertain, but other mechanisms of silencing the wild type allele must be considered. Despite the majority of patients meeting NCCN criteria for genetic testing, those with PGVs in CHEK2 were less reliably identified by this mechanism. The majority of PGVs identified were of potential therapeutic relevance, supporting the recommendation for genetic testing in all patients with MBC.
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Sáez Pradas, Fernando. "Utopian Bubble. Chema Cobo." Boletín de Arte, no. 37 (October 30, 2017): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/bolarte.2016.v0i37.3343.
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Galería JM, Málaga. Del 11 de diciembre de 2015 al 13 de febrero de 2016.Tarifa, término geográficamente estratégico, situado entre el Atlántico y el Mediterráneo, y limítrofe con África. Territorio de intercambios culturales, donde la mar, salvaje e inmensa piscina azul, cobra un protagonismo cardinal. Lugar mágico donde una línea viva y confusa separa el agua de la tierra, y es ahí, en ese paisaje de arenas inestables, donde esperan palmeras, como soldados, para resistir los envites del viento. En este asombroso escenario nace Chema Cobo (1952), artista andaluz de enorme recorrido nacional e internacional, cuya obra está representada en grandes museos internacionales como el Metropolitan y el MoMA, en Nueva York o el Museo de Arte Moderno de Chicago. En España, su obra forma parte de la colección del Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía y en el sur, el Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo de Sevilla y el Centro de Arte Contemporáneo de Málaga le han dedicado importantes muestras individuales. Su última parada, la Galería JM, de Javier Marín, en Málaga con la exposición individual Utopian Bubble, una muestra en la que laten, a modo de pinceladas, algunas de sus preocupaciones e intereses, como el tema del agujero, el ventrílocuo y por supuesto el joker, una suerte de personaje limítrofe entre la razón y la locura, que acompaña al artista desde los años 70.
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Cheak, Marie. "Notes From Marie Cheak…" Journal of Environmental Education 34, no. 1 (January 2002): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958960209603474.
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Li, Mingwei, Tongtong Yang, Huina Wang, Feng Lou, and Shanbo Cao. "Analysis of circulating tumor DNA identifies homologous recombination repair molecular features of Chinese breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e13006-e13006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e13006.
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e13006 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women world-wide. Assessments of genomic variants in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have generated great enthusiasm for their potential application as clinically actionable biomarkers in the management of BC. Alterations in homologous recombination repair (HRR), are a determinant of sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in BC. However, as far as we known, most of HRR genes, except BRCA1/2, have not yet been fully understood to date. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the comprehensive HRR genetic alteration profile of breast tumors among Chinese patients by ctDNA analysis. Methods: Plasma ctDNA from 259 patients with BC were deeply sequenced via next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques using AcornMed Biotechnology for 808 genes panel. Molecular profiles were reviewed to identify somatic and germline pathogenic mutations in the 14 HRR genes ( ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CHEK1, CHEK2, FANCA, PALB2, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, RAD54L, CDK12, and BARD1) . Results: At our institution, 259 patients underwent NGS analysis of BC specimens. The median age was 46 (range from 31 to 79). Based on the analysis of the genetic alteration profile from our cohort, at least one of the HRR genes was observed from 29.34% of the tumor samples, with BRCA1 (8.11%), BRCA2 (5.79%), RAD51C (5.02%), CDK12 (4.63%), CHEK2 (1.93%), ATM (1.16%), and BARD1 (1.16%) as the most commonly altered genes. As compared with MSKCC dataset (Table), genetic alterations detected from our cohort affected genes involved in HRR (29.34% vs. 14.03%, P＜0.0001) pathways, with statistically different genetic alteration rates. Moreover, BRCA1/2, RAD51C, CDK12 and CHEK2 mutations exhibited higher mutation rates, whereas ATM, BRIP1 and PALB2 mutations presented a lower mutation rate in Chinese patients with breast cancer (P＜0.05). Conclusions: CtDNA can characterize the mutational feature of HRR in BC. our study contributes to the understanding of the HRR pathways and specific genetic alterations harbored by Chinese patients with BC that could potentially be developed as markers of treatment response to targeted therapeutics. Ref: Razavi P, Chang MT, Xu GT, et al. The Genomic Landscape of Endocrine-Resistant Advanced Breast Cancers. Cancer Cell. 2018 Sep 10;34(3):427-438.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.08.008.[Table: see text]
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Romero, Ignacio, Ana Oaknin, Zaida Garcia-Casado, Raul Marquez, Alfonso Yubero Esteban, Alejandro Gallego, Ana Beatriz Sanchez, et al. "Laboratory cross-comparison of homologous recombination repair mutation analysis in tumor in a multicenter epithelial ovarian cancer series: The BORNEO GEICO 60-0 study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e17550-e17550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e17550.
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e17550 Background: In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the identification of mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes on tumor is prognostic, predictive of response to PARP inhibitors, and a tool to identify individuals at genetic cancer risk. The aim of this study is to compare the concordance between two laboratories in identifying and classifying genetic variants in HRR genes. Methods: In a multicentre ambispective series of unselected, non mucinous EOC of all stages formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tumors were collected. These samples underwent the same mutational analysis of 15 HRR genes ( ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDK12, CHEK1, CHEK2, FANCL, PALB2, PPP2R2A, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, RAD54L) in two different Laboratories (Lab1, Lab2) that used their own validated multi-gene NGS panels. Variant allele frequency (VAF) threshold was 5% for single nucleotide polymorphism and 10% for indels. Large rearrangements were not analyzed. Variants were classified into three categories based on ACMG criteria: non-mutated (class 1-2), Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS: class 3) and likely pathogenic/pathogenic (class 4-5). Results: A total of 81 cases were sent for the analysis. One had low DNA quality and therefore 80 cases were finally studied (85% high grade serous and 74% FIGO stage III-IV). Results reported by Lab1 and Lab2 (lab1/Lab2) were the following: 21/19 (26%/24%) cases had BRCA1/2 mutations, 7/8 (8.7%/10%) mutations on other HRR genes including two in ATM and RAD51D, one in CHEK1, CHEK2, and FANCL and one RAD51C reported in Lab2 only while the rest were either VUS 23/27 (29%/34%) or non-mutated 29/26 (36%/33%). Concordance between laboratories in classifying patients was 93.75% (kappa coefficient 0.86). Discrepancies (DC) on variants were classified into arbitrary categories, namely 0= complete concordance, category 1 meaning DC in detection assumed to be due to tumor heterogeneity (VAF nearby the threshold) or technique (1A), or caused by laboratories performance and avoidable (1B) and the category 2 identified DC in interpretation without clinical relevance (2A) or clinically relevant (2B), the results of total number of variants are shown in table. Overall, regarding clinically relevant DC in HRR genes, 9 DC in variants were observed including six 2B, two 1A and one 1B and they affect 5 (6.3%) patients since some were overlapping. Conclusions: In our EOC series the concordance of two Laboratories in the identification of clinically relevant HRR mutations on tumor is high but discrepancies in interpretation remain a challenge that needs further harmonization.[Table: see text]
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Wolfe, A. J., B. P. McNamara, and R. C. Stewart. "The short form of CheA couples chemoreception to CheA phosphorylation." Journal of Bacteriology 176, no. 15 (1994): 4483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.176.15.4483-4491.1994.
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Timkin, Yuri N. "Gubernia Control Commission of the RCP (B) Fighting the Disintegration of Party Organizations in 1921–23: Archival Materials of the Vyatka Gubernia." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2021): 482–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-2-482-495.
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The article draws on archival materials from the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region to analyze the activities of the Vyatka Gubernia Control Commission of the RCP (B) in 1921–23 directed against the collapse of party organizations of the gubernia. The author pursues two tasks: identifying the commission staff and determining its methods. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that in 1921, following the introduction of the new economic policy, many party members found the abrupt change of course intolerable, which led to a crisis and collapse of entire party organizations. Recently, there have been published a lot of works on various aspects of the control commissions’ activities, but their activities directed against collapse of entire party organizations haven’t yet been investigated. The research is based on archival material and uses principle of historicism and historical institutionalism. The Vyatka Gubernia Control Commission was established in August 1921 in connection with the first general purge. Its first membership did take decisive action, having no relevant experience and busy with Soviet work. But as the situation in the party organizations deteriorated, the 19th Gubernia Party Conference (February 1922) decided to regard the commission staff most seriously. The new commission included Nikolai Agalakov, Ivan Babintsev, Gusev as its members, D. Zobnin as a candidate, and Sitnikov as an investigator. In 1922–23 the meetings of the commission repeatedly discussed the state of the party organizations and Soviet apparatus of the Kotelnich, Nolinsk, Malmyzh, Orlov, Slobodskoi, Soviet, Urzhumsk districts, and of other party organizations. The major shortcomings were identified: collapse of internal party work, failing discipline, abuse and corruption, drunkenness, squabbles, and resignations from the party. The peculiarity of this period was such that these shortcomings became widespread and threatened entire organizations. Members of the Vyatka gubCC got busy; relying on the party committees and organs of the Cheka-OGPU, they were able to stop the process of organizational disintegration by 1924. The analysis of the activities of the Vyatka gubCC has showed that it became an effective tool in overcoming the collapse of party organizations and in strengthening discipline. This happened only after the commission was staffed with experienced, disciplined, and energetic local staff. While reviewing the commission's activities, it has become apparent that the most effective methods of its work were field meetings, purges of the entire organizations, transfer of guilty party members, imposition of various party penalties (up to exclusion from the party).
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Yang, Ye, Chunyan Gu, Wang Wang, and Xiaozhu Tang. "CHEK1 and circCHEK1_246aa Promote Multiple Myeloma Malignancy By Evoking Chromosomal Instability and Bone Lesion." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-134206.
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Key findings CHEK1 and circCHEK1_246aa induce multiple myeloma cell proliferation, drug resistance, and bone lesion formation CHEK1 and circCHEK1_246aa evoke myeloma chromosomal instability, partially through CEP170 activation Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Therefore, effective therapeutic interventions must target both myeloma cells and the BM niche. In the present study, we first demonstrated that CHEK1 expression was significantly increased in human MM samples relative to normal plasma cells, and that in MM patients, high CHEK1 expression was associated with poor outcomes. CHEK1 overexpression increased cellular proliferation in MM cells and evoked drug resistance in vitro, while CHEK1 knockdown abrogated this effect. Moreover, CHEK1 was a high-risk gene for poor outcome in MM patients, and, in paired samples from MM patients taken from newly diagnosed and relapsed MM, CHEK1 expression was upregulated. CHEK1-mediated increases in cell proliferation and drug resistance were due in part to CHEK1-induced chromosomal instability (CIN), as demonstrated by Giemsa staining, exon sequencing, and immunofluorescence. CHEK1 activated CIN, partly by phosphorylating CEP170. Interestingly, CHEK1 promoted osteoclast differentiation by direct phosphorylation and activation of NFATc1, indicating that CHEK1 inhibition could target both MM cell proliferation and macrophage osteoclast differentiation in the BM niche. Intriguingly, we also discovered that MM cells expressed circCHEK1_246aa, a circular CHEK1 RNA, which encoded and was translated to the CHEK1 kinase catalytic center. Transfection of circCHEK1_246aa increased MM CIN and osteoclast differentiation similarly to CHEK1 overexpression, suggesting that MM cells could secrete circCHEK1_246aa in the BM niche to increase the invasive potential of MM cells and promote osteoclast differentiation. Finally, we demonstrated in vivo in xenograft models that CHEK1 overexpression prompted MM proliferation and drug resistance, while CHEK1 knockdown conversely inhibited MM growth. Together, these findings suggest that targeting the enzymatic catalytic center encoded by CHEK1 mRNA and circCHEK1_246aa is a promising therapeutic modality to target both MM cells and the BM niche. Figure Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Greville-Heygate, Stephanie L., Tom Maishman, William J. Tapper, Ramsey I. Cutress, Ellen Copson, Alison M. Dunning, Linda Haywood, Louise J. Jones, and Diana M. Eccles. "Pathogenic Variants in CHEK2 Are Associated With an Adverse Prognosis in Symptomatic Early-Onset Breast Cancer." JCO Precision Oncology, no. 4 (September 2020): 472–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/po.19.00178.
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PURPOSE Checkpoint kinase 2 ( CHEK2) is frequently included in multigene panels. We describe the associated outcomes among carriers of CHEK2 pathogenic variants in young patients with symptomatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants (N = 2,344) in the Prospective Outcomes in Sporadic Versus Hereditary Breast Cancer study had a diagnosis of primary invasive breast cancer at age ≤ 40 years. Summary statistics were used to compare tumor characteristics among CHEK2+ carriers with those who were CHEK2−. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to demonstrate overall survival (OS) and distant disease-free survival. RESULTS Overall, 53 of the 2,344 participants (2.3%) had a pathogenic CHEK2 variant. CHEK2+-associated tumors were significantly more likely to be grade 2, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor–positive compared with CHEK2− tumors (grade 2, n = 28 of 52 [53.8%] v n = 803 of 2,229 [36.0%]; P = .029). CHEK2-associated tumors were significantly more likely to have nodal involvement (N1, n = 37 of 53 [69.8%] v 1,169 of 2,253 [51.9%]; P = .0098) and demonstrated a trend toward multifocality. A higher proportion of participants with CHEK2+ variants with invasive breast cancer were obese than were those with CHEK2− variant (28.3% v 18.8%; P = .039). Univariate and multivariable analyses revealed that OS and distant disease-free survival were significantly worse in CHEK2+ versus CHEK2− carriers (OS hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.48; P = .043). CONCLUSION This work highlights the adverse prognosis associated with breast cancer in carriers of CHEK2 pathogenic variants. It also identifies a potential association among obesity, family history, and breast cancer risk in young CHEK2 gene carriers.
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ŞEN, Egemen Umut. "CHEMA MADOZ FOTOĞRAFLARI ELEŞTİREL ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ." Journal of Arts 3, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31566/arts.3.019.
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Bu çalışmada; Chema Madoz’un tüm sanat kariyerini kapsayan, üretiminin panaromasını sunan, 2017 yılında İzmir Folkart Gallery’de gerçekleştirilen sergide izleyicileri ile buluşan yapıtlarından oluşturulmuş kitaptan seçilmiş iki adet fotoğraf, gösterge bilimsel açıdan incelenmiştir. İncelenen bu iki fotoğraf Roland Barthes’in tanımladığı anlamlandırma kuramındaki düzanlamlar ve yananlamlar bağlamında eleştirel çözümlemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Eleştirel çözümleme yapılırken önce fotoğrafların teknik analizi yapılmış, konu nesneleri betimlenmiş sonra fotoğraflar yorumlanarak imgelerin düşünsel süreçte nasıl kavrama dönüştüğü ve anlamlandırıldığı açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.