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1

Luckham, Paul. "Breaking chemical bonds." Physics World 12, no. 6 (1999): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/12/6/24.

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2

Perez, R. "Discriminating Chemical Bonds." Science 337, no. 6100 (2012): 1305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1227726.

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3

Carlson, Shawn. "Exploring Chemical Bonds." Scientific American 274, no. 3 (1996): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0396-106.

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4

Nakashima, P. N. H., A. E. Smith, J. Etheridge, and B. C. Muddle. "Chemical bonds in aluminium." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 67, a1 (2011): C101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767311097534.

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5

Khoury, Jason F., and Leslie M. Schoop. "Chemical bonds in topological materials." Trends in Chemistry 3, no. 9 (2021): 700–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trechm.2021.04.011.

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6

Amato, I. "Stretching Conceptions of Chemical Bonds." Science News 139, no. 5 (1991): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3975415.

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7

Brown, I. D., A. Dabkowski, and A. McCleary. "Thermal Expansion of Chemical Bonds." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 53, no. 5 (1997): 750–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768197005909.

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Using the bond-valence model, a relationship is developed between the thermal expansion of a chemical bond, its amplitude of thermal vibration and its force constant. An empirical expression found between bond valence and the force constants derived from vibrational spectroscopy allows all of these quantities to be predicted from either the expected or the observed bond valence. The thermal expansion predicted by these relations is in excellent agreement with the average expansion observed around cations in inorganic solids, but individual bonds are found to expand more or less than this depen
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8

Kuklin, R. N. "Chemical bonds and intramolecular barriers." Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces 50, no. 4 (2014): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070205114040091.

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9

Ponec, Robert. "Electron Pairing and Chemical Bonds." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 3 (1994): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19940505.

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The recently proposed population analysis of pair densities is applied to the investigation of molecular structure of several simple molecules. The values of pairon populations straightforwardly reproduce the classical structural formula including the multiplicity of the bonds and provide thus the so far missing link between quantum chemical and Lewis's classical picture of bonding. As demonstrated, the formalism of the proposed approach provides strong theoretical evidence for the frequently expected but so far elusive role of electron pairing in chemical bonding.
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10

Serkov, A. T. "Chemical bonds in carbon fibres." Fibre Chemistry 38, no. 6 (2006): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10692-006-0115-z.

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11

Yamasaki, Terumasa, and William A. Goddard. "Correlation Analysis of Chemical Bonds." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 102, no. 17 (1998): 2919–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp973195e.

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12

Rassolov, Vitaly A., Mark A. Ratner, and John A. Pople. "Electron correlation in chemical bonds." Journal of Chemical Physics 112, no. 9 (2000): 4014–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480950.

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13

Wu, C. "Bursting bubbles break chemical bonds." Science News 152, no. 15 (2009): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591521505.

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14

Gribben, Jordan, Timothy R. Wilson, and Mark E. Eberhart. "Unicorns, Rhinoceroses and Chemical Bonds." Molecules 28, no. 4 (2023): 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041746.

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The nascent field of computationally aided molecular design will be built around the ability to make computation useful to synthetic chemists who draw on their empirically based chemical intuition to synthesize new and useful molecules. This fact poses a dilemma, as much of existing chemical intuition is framed in the language of chemical bonds, which are pictured as possessing physical properties. Unfortunately, it has been posited that calculating these bond properties is impossible because chemical bonds do not exist. For much of the computational-chemistry community, bonds are seen as myth
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15

Yovanie, Faira. "Learning Chemical Bonds in Terms of Identifying Difficulties, Misconceptions, Learning Media, and Learning Models: A Systematic Literature Review." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 10, no. 6 (2024): 292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i6.6823.

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This research aims to determine and describe the identification of difficulties, misconceptions, learning media, and learning models on chemical bonds. The method used in this research is the systematic literature review method. Article search results starting from 2014 to 2024 were selected gradually and systematically. The results of this research show that students' difficulties and misconceptions can be minimized by applying learning models and media. It is evident from several articles studied that they are able to answer research questions, namely: How to identify difficulties in chemica
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16

Vela, Mega Legi, Riky Setiawan, Metha Nur Kristanti, et al. "Chemical Bonds: An Integration with Islamic Brotherhood Values." Cakrawala: Jurnal Studi Islam 16, no. 2 (2021): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/cakrawala.5103.

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Individuals will reap enormous benefits from bonding. There are always positive aspects to take from a bond. Covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds are examples of chemical bonds. The main ideas raised in chemical bonds are strengthened by incorporating Islamic character values. The primary objective of this study was to examine all chemical bonds and incorporate them into human life, especially in accordance with Islamic brotherhood. The findings of this study reveal that each chemical bond, whether covalent, ionic, or metallic, has a meaning that is closely related to human relations as social
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17

Kaseer Aman, Ishan. "Changes occur from mixing chemical compounds: electrovalent bonds and covalent bonds." International Journal Papier Advance and Scientific Review 1, no. 1 (2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47667/ijpasr.v1i1.7.

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This article aims to distinguish compounds that have electrovalent and covalent bonds and distinguish between complex and non-complex formation reactions. This method by observing through the materials used in this experiment are NaCl, AgNO3, CHCl3, KCNS, CH3COOH, CCl4, C2H5OH, K3Fe (CN) 6, HCl, methyl orange (MO), BaCl2, K4Fe (CN) 6, CuSO4, NH4OH, and FeCl3. The results of the observations found a difference between complex and non-complex compounds. When mixed with KCNS, they can react which is indicated by a change in color, while non-complex compounds cannot react. The equation between eth
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18

Sander, Wolfram. "Triple Bonds in Small Rings: Testing the Limits of Chemical Bonds." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 33, no. 14 (1994): 1455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199414551.

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19

Harper, Eric S., Greg van Anders, and Sharon C. Glotzer. "The entropic bond in colloidal crystals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 34 (2019): 16703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1822092116.

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A vast array of natural phenomena can be understood through the long-established schema of chemical bonding. Conventional chemical bonds arise through local gradients resulting from the rearrangement of electrons; however, it is possible that the hallmark features of chemical bonding could arise through local gradients resulting from nonelectronic forms of mediation. If other forms of mediation give rise to “bonds” that act like conventional ones, recognizing them as bonds could open new forms of supramolecular descriptions of phenomena at the nano- and microscales. Here, we show via a minimal
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20

Poole, Amanda. "Fractivism: Corporate Bodies and Chemical Bonds." Conservation and Society 16, no. 4 (2018): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_18_75.

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21

Vasi, Ion Bogdan. "Fractivism: Corporate Bodies and Chemical Bonds." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 48, no. 4 (2019): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306119853809rr.

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22

Lam, Kai Shue, and Thomas F. George. "Cooperative laser collision-induced chemical bonds." Chemical Reviews 87, no. 1 (1987): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr00077a008.

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23

Bader, Richard F. W. "Bond Paths Are Not Chemical Bonds." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 113, no. 38 (2009): 10391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp906341r.

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24

Dézsi, I. "Chemical bonds in ion implanted structures." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 190, no. 2 (1995): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02039997.

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25

Schuler, Bruno, Fabian Mohn, Nikolaj Moll, Leo Gross, and Gerhard Meyer. "ChemInform Abstract: Visualization of Chemical Bonds." ChemInform 44, no. 37 (2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201337250.

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26

NESPER, R. "ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Bonds - Intermetallic Compounds." ChemInform 22, no. 35 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199135290.

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27

Ponec, Robert. "Electron pairing and chemical bonds: Chemical bonds from the condition of minimum fluctuation of electron pair." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 69, no. 2 (1998): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-461x(1998)69:2<193::aid-qua7>3.0.co;2-q.

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28

Leonid, I. Gretchikhin. "Chemical Bonds in Interatomic and Intermolecular Interactions." Chemistry Research Journal 3, no. 2 (2018): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13912928.

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Theory of covalent and ionic bonds at binary interaction of complex atoms and molecular systems has been developed<em>.</em> It has been shown that a negative potential barrier occurs in the process of electron exchange and further increases the bonding energy of interacting particles. Quantum-mechanical substantiation of the origin of built-in electric moment in complex atoms and ions has been given which makes it possible to take into account correctly the electron-dipole and dipole-dipole bonds at binary interaction. It has been demonstrated how the molecules in gaseous phase, the clusters
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29

Pap, Andrea E., Zsolt Nényei, Gábor Battistig, and István Bársony. "Silicon Surface Preparation and Passivation by Vapor Phase of Heavy Water." Solid State Phenomena 145-146 (January 2009): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.145-146.181.

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The well known wet chemical treatments of the silicon surface and its native oxidation in air cause a high density of interface states, which predominantly originate from dangling bonds strained bonds or from bonds, between adsorbates and silicon surface atoms. Therefore, a number of wet-chemical treatments have been developed for ultraclean processing in order to produce chemically and electronically passivated surfaces [1]. The saturation of dangling bonds by hydrogen removes the surface states and replaces them by adsorbate-induced states, which influence the surface band-bending [2]. The f
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30

Alamanda, Aviva, Mawardi Mawardi, and Okta Suryani. "Development of teaching material based on plomp development model to support indonesian merdeka curriculum on chemical bonding topic in Phase E." Jurnal Pijar Mipa 18, no. 4 (2023): 564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v18i4.5288.

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This research aims to develop teaching materials that support independent curriculum learning by measuring the adequacy and practicality of the Phase E chemical bonding topic. The type of research is Educational Design Research (EDR) using the Plomp development model. This study was conducted in the 2022/2023 academic year at senior high school SMAN 8 Padang, Indonesia. Data were collected using efficacy and utility questionnaires. As a result, we found that the valid categories have an average relevance of 0.85 in developing teaching materials. Utility test results for student answers show an
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31

Dereka, Bogdan, Qi Yu, Nicholas H. C. Lewis, William B. Carpenter, Joel M. Bowman, and Andrei Tokmakoff. "Crossover from hydrogen to chemical bonding." Science 371, no. 6525 (2021): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abe1951.

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Hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) can be interpreted as a classical electrostatic interaction or as a covalent chemical bond if the interaction is strong enough. As a result, short strong H-bonds exist at an intersection between qualitatively different bonding descriptions, with few experimental methods to understand this dichotomy. The [F-H-F]− ion represents a bare short H-bond, whose distinctive vibrational potential in water is revealed with femtosecond two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. It shows the superharmonic behavior of the proton motion, which is strongly coupled to the donor-acceptor st
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32

B0RMAN, STU. "BUTADIENE'S BONDS." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 84, no. 23 (2006): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v084n023.p012a.

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33

Sauterer, Roger. "From Backwater to Center Stage: Using Electronegativity as a Central Concept for Understanding Chemical Principles in Biology Classes." American Biology Teacher 73, no. 8 (2011): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2011.73.8.10.

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Understanding basic chemical concepts, including bonding, polar and nonpolar molecules, and hydrogen bonds is difficult for many biology students, who often have minimal chemistry backgrounds. The concept of electronegativity is introduced at the beginning of the chemical foundations part of a biology course as a central integrative concept. By using the electronegativity concept and an associated line graph, students gain an understanding of why ionic and covalent bonds form and which atoms form them, why atoms form polar and nonpolar covalent bonds, and what chemical groups can form hydrogen
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34

Fliszár, S., G. Cardinal, and N. A. Baykara. "Charge distributions and chemical effects. XL. Chemical bonds in benzenoid hydrocarbons." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 2 (1986): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-500.

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Benzenoid hydrocarbons were examined using a bond energy scheme featuring the role of atomic charges. The latter were conveniently deduced from appropriate correlations between theoretical results and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance shifts. Atomization energies calculated in this manner agree with their experimental counterparts to within 0.36 kcal mol-1 (average deviation). It appears that benzenoid hydrocarbons can be efficiently described in terms of local charge density properties. In the absence of any distinctive specific feature characterizing benzenoids, this particular description of c
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35

Elashal, Hader E., and Monika Raj. "Site-selective chemical cleavage of peptide bonds." Chemical Communications 52, no. 37 (2016): 6304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc01509c.

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The methodology selectively modifies serine residues in a peptide chain and cleaves the peptide chain at the site of modification under neutral aqueous buffer conditions. This method exhibits broad substrate scope (24 examples) including peptides with mutations and posttranslational modifications.
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36

Savin, Ye S., and G. M. Bartenev. "Fracture of polymers containing weak chemical bonds." Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 28, no. 11 (1986): 2653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(86)90301-1.

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37

Kockler, Katrin B., Hendrik Frisch, and Christopher Barner-Kowollik. "Making and Breaking Chemical Bonds by Chemiluminescence." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 39, no. 21 (2018): 1800516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201800516.

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38

Fujimoto, Hiroshi, Ken Sakata, and Kenichi Fukui. "Transient bonds and chemical reactivity of molecules." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60, no. 1 (1996): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-461x(1996)60:1<401::aid-qua39>3.0.co;2-d.

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39

Luisier, Nicolas, Kurt Schenk, and Kay Severin. "A four-component organogel based on orthogonal chemical interactions." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 71 (2014): 10233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc03398a.

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40

Kraus, Florian, Tim Graubner, Magnus R. Buchner, Manfred Metzulat, and Antti J. Karttunen. "Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfane revisited: (ClH4C2)2S⋯S(C2H4Cl) dimers by S⋯S interaction in the solid state." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 79, no. 12 (2024): 605–17. https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-2024-0039.

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Abstract We synthesized bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfane, S(C2H4Cl)2, and showed its purity by various analytic methods. Its previously unknown crystal structure shows a peculiar intermolecular S⋯S interaction leading to (ClH4C2)2S⋯S(C2H4Cl)2 dimers. The S⋯S interaction could also be reproduced and investigated by quantum chemical calculations. As the C–C bonds have been observed unexpectedly short in the range from 1.505(2) to 1.509(2) Å, the chemical bonds within S(C2H4Cl)2 have also been investigated quantum chemically. Intrinsic bonding orbitals (IBOs) showed that while the C–Cl bond is slightly
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41

Abed, Heba F., Waad H. Abuwatfa, and Ghaleb A. Husseini. "Redox-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems: A Chemical Perspective." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (2022): 3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183183.

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With the widespread global impact of cancer on humans and the extensive side effects associated with current cancer treatments, a novel, effective, and safe treatment is needed. Redox-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) have emerged as a potential cancer treatment with minimal side effects and enhanced site-specific targeted delivery. This paper explores the physiological and biochemical nature of tumors that allow for redox-responsive drug delivery systems and reviews recent advances in the chemical composition and design of such systems. The five main redox-responsive chemical entities t
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42

SANDER, W. "ChemInform Abstract: Triple Bonds in Small Rings: Testing the Limits of Chemical Bonds." ChemInform 25, no. 50 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199450293.

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43

Lee, Seo Yeon, Sita Shrestha, Bishnu Kumar Shrestha, Chan Hee Park, and Cheol Sang Kim. "Covalent Surface Functionalization of Bovine Serum Albumin to Magnesium Surface to Provide Robust Corrosion Inhibition and Enhance In Vitro Osteo-Inductivity." Polymers 12, no. 2 (2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020439.

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Herein, we describe precisely a covalent modification of pure magnesium (Mg) surface and its application to induce in vitro osteogenic differentiation. The new concept of a chemical bonding method is proposed for developing stable chemical bonds on the Mg surface through the serial assembly of bioactive additives that include ascorbic acid (AA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). We studied both the physicochemical and electrochemical properties using scanning electron microscopy and other techniques to confirm how the covalent bonding of BSA on Mg can, after coating, significantly enhance the che
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44

Fu, Zhiyuan, Haichao Liu, Jingyi Zhao, et al. "Pressure-induced emission enhancement by restricting chemical bond vibration." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 41 (2021): 14578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc04132k.

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The effect of intermolecular interactions on intramolecular chemical bonds vibration and luminescence was analyzed. Enhanced intermolecular hydrogen bonds under high pressure suppresses the non-radiative process and result in emission enhancement.
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45

Xiao, Xiao Hong, and Shi Chun Li. "Chemical Bonds Properties and Spontaneous Polarization of Orthogonal SrBi2Ta2O9 Crystals." Materials Science Forum 848 (March 2016): 688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.688.

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The bonds structure, atomic coordination situation and local cluster structure in SrBi2Ta2O9 were analyzed by means of the Atomic Environment Calculation (AEC), and then the SrBi2Ta2O9 crystal was decomposed into 20 pseudo-binary crystals with the crystal decomposition method. The chemical bonds properties, such as effective valence electron density and iconicity of the individual bond were calculated by the dielectric chemical bonds theory. And the correlation between chemical bonds properties and spontaneous polarization of the bismuth layered ferroelectrics was established. Finally, the spo
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46

Sari, Novieta, Suandi Sidauruk, Ruli Meiliawati, and Anggi Ristiyana Puspita Sari. "The Difficulties of X Grade High School Students in Palangka Raya City Academic Year of 2018/2019 in Understanding Chemical Bond Concept using Two-Tier Multiple Choice." GAMAPROIONUKLEUS 1, no. 2 (2020): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37304/jpmipa.v1i2.3686.

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The concept of chemical bonds is one of the concepts that students are less familiar with, so there is a need for a diagnostic test to determine students' difficulty. This study aims to describe students' difficulties in understanding the concept of chemical bonds using two-tier multiple-choice which includes the following sub: (1) stable electron configuration, (2) valence electrons, (3) ionic bonds, (4) covalent bonds, and (5) metal bonds. The subjects of this study were students of class X MIA from SMA Negeri 1 Palangka Raya, SMA Negeri 3 Palangka Raya, and SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya with a
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47

Huyskens, P. L. "Hydrogen bonds and EDA bonds formed by ions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 59, no. 9 (1987): 1103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac198759091103.

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48

Murai, S., Naoto Chatani, and F. Kakiuchi. "Catalytic addition of CH bonds to multiple bonds." Pure and Applied Chemistry 69, no. 3 (1997): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199769030589.

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49

Ponec, Robert, and Martin Strnad. "Chemical Bonds and Their Transformations in the Course of Chemical Reactions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 6 (1992): 1177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19921177.

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The Julg's concept of chemical bond as a region of small charge fluctuation was generalized by incorporating into the framework of recently proposed overlap determinant method. The resulting generalization allowing a simple theoretical description of structural transformation in terms close to classical picture of disappearing and newly formed chemical bonds was applied to the analysis of several selected pericyclic reactions both allowed and forbidden. The forbidden reactions were shown to be accompanied by deeper charge fluctuations than the allowed ones.
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50

Russell, C. A. "Chemical bonds 1841–1991: 150 years of the British Chemical Community." Chem. Soc. Rev. 20, no. 4 (1991): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/cs9912000425.

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