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Journal articles on the topic 'Chemical cleaning procedures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Beyer, Florian, Judita Laurinonyte, Arie Zwijnenburg, Alfons J. M. Stams, and Caroline M. Plugge. "Membrane Fouling and Chemical Cleaning in Three Full-Scale Reverse Osmosis Plants Producing Demineralized Water." Journal of Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6356751.

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Membrane fouling and cleaning were studied in three reverse osmosis (RO) plants. Feed water was secondary wastewater effluent, river water, and surface water. Membrane autopsies were used for fouling characterization. Fouling layer measurements included total organic carbon (TOC), adenosine triphosphate, polysaccharides, proteins, and heterotrophic plate counts. In all locations, membrane and spacer fouling was (bio)organic. Plant chemical cleaning efficiencies were evaluated from full-scale operational data and cleaning trials in a laboratory setup. Standard cleaning procedures were compared

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Brepols, C., K. Drensla, A. Janot, M. Trimborn, and N. Engelhardt. "Strategies for chemical cleaning in large scale membrane bioreactors." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 3 (2008): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.112.

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Systematically testing alternative cleaning agents and cleaning procedures on a large scale municipal membrane bioreactor, the Erftverband optimized the cleaning strategies and refined the original cleaning procedures for the hollow fiber membranes in use. A time-consuming, intensive ex-situ membrane cleaning twice a year was initially the regular routine. By introducing the effective means of cleaning in place in use today, which employs several acidic and oxidative/alkaline cleaning steps, intensive membrane cleaning could be delayed for years. An overview and an assessment of various cleani

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3

Asshofi, Izza Ulumuddin Ahmad. "Efficient Use of Chemicals in Cleaning Rooms at Hatten Hotel Melaka." Jurnal Akademi Pariwisata Medan 12, no. 1 (2024): 24–35. https://doi.org/10.36983/japm.v12i1.609.

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The use of chemicals in room cleaning is an important aspect in the hospitality industry to ensure room cleanliness and the health of guests and room attendants. This final project examines the efficiency of chemical use in room cleaning with a focus on optimizing the quality of chemicals used and their application methods. The purpose of this final project is to explain efficiency and identify the use of chemicals that can reduce the waste of chemical use in room cleaning and describe the standard operating procedures for using chemicals at Hatten Hotel Melaka in cleaning rooms. This research

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WIRTANEN, GUN, ULRIKA HUSMARK, and TIINA MATTILA-SANDHOLM. "Microbial Evaluation of the Biotransfer Potential from Surfaces with Bacillus Biofilms after Rinsing and Cleaning Procedures in Closed Food-Processing Systems." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 7 (1996): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.7.727.

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The biotransfer potential in food processing is defined as the ability of the microorganisms present on equipment surfaces both before and after cleaning procedures to contaminate products during processing. Growth of Bacillus biofilms was detectable on both stainless-steel and Teflon© surfaces after all the cleaning procedures. B. cereus and B. subtilis cells adhered more firmly to unsoiled than to soiled surfaces, whereas B. thuringiensis adhered most firmly to soiled surfaces. The results showed that the removal of biofilms from surfaces was more difficult from stainless steel because the m

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Cazzaniga, Ilaria, Marco Gargano, Claudia Invernizzi, et al. "A Multi-Analytical Non-Invasive Approach to Aqueous Cleaning Systems in Treatments on Bowed String Musical Instruments." Coatings 11, no. 2 (2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020150.

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Restoration and conservation procedures for historical musical instruments involve several issues, also connected with their frequent being played. One of the most delicate procedures for their preservation is the cleaning of surfaces from soil and dirt which have accumulated over the years. In fact, when external particles reach the surface, a fraction of them can deposit on it. Moreover, the contact with the player can generate chemical-physical changes, rapidly warming and wetting the surfaces through sweat deposition. This work focused on the cleaning methods of surfaces of bowed string mu

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Angermann, Heike, Klaus Wolke, Christiane Gottschalk, et al. "Surface Charge and Interface State Density on Silicon Substrates after Ozone Based Wet-Chemical Oxidation and Hydrogen-Termination." Solid State Phenomena 195 (December 2012): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.195.314.

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For more than 20 years, the application of ozone dissolved in pure deionised water (DIW-O3) has been investigated for wafer-cleaning and resist stripping applications in the semiconductor industry [, , ]. To reduce chemical consumption and disposal costs as well as to improve cleaning efficiency, DIW-O3 is used in semiconductor wet cleaning processes as an alternative to traditional sulphuric acid peroxide (H2SO4/H2O2) [] and RCA [] cleans. Silicon solar cell fabrication includes multiple wet cleaning steps involving large amounts of chemicals. In Si substrate manufacturing the wet-chemical ox

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Huda, Hairul, Renanto Handogo, Totok Ruki Biyanto, Wei Wu, and Vincentius Surya Kurnia Adi. "Oil Refinery Heat Exchanger Network Cleaning Scheduling Strategy with Unit Cleanability Consideration." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 20, no. 1 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.51880.

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Heat exchanger networks (HENs) play an important role in the chemical industries. Unfortunately, fouling is inevitable in heat exchangers operation. Therefore, the optimal cleaning procedure is required to restore heat exchangers' performance periodically. A systematic cleaning scheduling strategy for the heat exchanger network in an oil refinery is proposed in this work. There are 11 operating heat exchangers in an oil refinery to be reviewed. Different cleaning decision scenarios based on the overall heat transfer coefficient are explored for optimal cleaning schedule performance. The daily

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Gul, Aysegul, Jakub Hruza, and Fatma Yalcinkaya. "Fouling and Chemical Cleaning of Microfiltration Membranes: A Mini-Review." Polymers 13, no. 6 (2021): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060846.

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Membrane fouling is one of the main drawbacks encountered during the practical application of membrane separation processes. Cleaning of a membrane is important to reduce fouling and improve membrane performance. Accordingly, an effective cleaning method is currently of crucial importance for membrane separation processes in water treatment. To clean the fouling and improve the overall efficiency of membranes, deep research on the cleaning procedures is needed. So far, physical, chemical, or combination techniques have been used for membrane cleaning. In the current work, we critically reviewe

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Coraça-Huber, Débora C., Johann Hausdorfer, Manfred Fille, Magdalena Steidl, and Michael Nogler. "Effect of two cleaning processes for bone allografts on gentamicin impregnation and in vitro antibiotic release." Cell and Tissue Banking 14, no. 2 (2012): 221–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-012-9314-4.

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Bone allografts are a useful and sometimes indispensable tool for the surgeon to repair bone defects. Microbial contamination is a major reason for discarding allografts from bone banks. To improve the number of safe allografts, we suggest chemical cleaning of the grafts followed by antibiotic impregnation. Comparison of two chemical cleaning processes for bone allografts aiming for antibiotic impregnation and consequently delivery rates in vitro. Bone chips of 5–10 mm were prepared from human femoral heads. Two cleaning methods (cleaning A and cleaning B) based on solutions contain

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Grant, Donald, Dan Smith, Peter Palm, et al. "Design and Certification of High Purity Delivery Systems for Semiconductor Wafer Cleaning Chemicals." Journal of the IEST 37, no. 6 (1994): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.37.6.r62726744v254354.

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The wafer cleaning procedures used in new semiconductor manufacturing facilities require extremely high purity chemicals. Delivering chemicals of this quality requires careful management of the chemicals from their manufacturing site to the points of use (POUs) within the wafer fabrication facility (fab). Chemical management includes proper chemical production, transportation to the wafer fab and design and operation of the chemical delivery system within the fab. This paper describes the technology used to supply 15 different types of chemicals to more than 60 POUs in the TECH Semiconductor w

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Krause, S., B. Zimmermann, U. Meyer-Blumenroth, W. Lamparter, B. Siembida, and P. Cornel. "Enhanced membrane bioreactor process without chemical cleaning." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 10 (2010): 2575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.183.

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In membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment, the separation of activated sludge and treated water takes place by membrane filtration. Due to the small footprint and superior effluent quality, the number of membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment is rapidly increasing. A major challenge in this process is the fouling of the membranes which results in permeability decrease and the demand of chemical cleaning procedures. With the objective of a chemical-free process, the removal of the fouling layer by continuous physical abrasion was investigated. Therefore, particles (granu

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Milenovic, Dragan, Dragan Pesic, and Snezana Mitic. "Non-specific methods for detecting residues of cleaning agents during cleaning validation." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 17, no. 1 (2011): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq100524051m.

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Cleaning validation procedures are carried out in order to assure that residues of cleaning agents are within acceptable limits after the cleaning process. Cleaning agents often consist of a mixture of various surfactants which are in a highly diluted state after the water rinsing procedure has been completed. This makes it difficult to find appropriate analytical methods that are sensitive enough to detect the cleaning agents. In addition, it is advantageous for the analytical methods to be simple to perform and to give results quickly. In this study, three different non-specific analytical m

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Lukic, Natasa, Svetlana Popovic, and Jelena Markovic. "Mathematical modelling of flux recovery during chemical cleaning of tubular membrane fouled with whey proteins." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 40 (2009): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0940135l.

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Membrane process efficiency in the dairy industry is impaired by the formation of deposits during filtration processes. This work describes cleaning procedures for ceramic tubular membrane (50 nm) fouled with whey proteins. Also, mathematical modelling was performed to obtain models which allow deeper insight into the mechanisms involved during cleaning procedures. The caustic solutions (0.2%w/w, 0.4%w/w and 1.0%w/w NaOH) and the mixture of two commercial detergents (0.8%w/w P3-ultrasil 69+0.5% w/w P3-ultrasil 67 and 1.2% P3-ultrasil 69+0.75 P3-ultrasil 67) were used as chemical cleaning agent

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Groysman, Alec. "Cleaning Oil Refining and Petrochemical Process Equipment." Materials Performance 57, no. 2 (2018): 40–43. https://doi.org/10.5006/mp2018_57_2-40.

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This article discusses mechanical and chemical cleaning procedures along with safety, environmental, and general recommendations for equipment cleaning, including cooling water systems in the oil refining and petrochemical industries. These methods can also be used in other industries.

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Di Pretoro, Alessandro, Francesco D’Iglio, and Flavio Manenti. "Optimal Cleaning Cycle Scheduling under Uncertain Conditions: A Flexibility Analysis on Heat Exchanger Fouling." Processes 9, no. 1 (2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010093.

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Fouling is a substantial economic, energy, and safety issue for all the process industry applications, heat transfer units in particular. Although this phenomenon can be mitigated, it cannot be avoided and proper cleaning cycle scheduling is the best way to deal with it. After thorough literature research about the most reliable fouling model description, cleaning procedures have been optimized by minimizing the Time Average Losses (TAL) under nominal operating conditions according to the well-established procedure. For this purpose, different cleaning actions, namely chemical and mechanical,

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Ricci, Chiara, Francesca Gambino, Marco Nervo, et al. "Anti-Graffiti Coatings on Stones for Historical Buildings in Turin (NW Italy)." Coatings 10, no. 6 (2020): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060582.

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The application of anti-graffiti products to stones belonging to architectural heritage is a common procedure that is currently complementary to traditional graffiti removal treatments, such as chemical and mechanical cleaning. In this study, two anti-graffiti coatings (a sacrificial product and a permanent one) were tested on four stones (with a different texture, mineralogy, and surface finish) commonly found in the historical city center of Turin (Italy). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the anti-graffiti products, the removal of two graffiti paints with different compositions was

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Bertasa, Moira, Chiara Ricci, Arianna Scarcella, et al. "Overcoming Challenges in Street Art Murals Conservation: A Comparative Study on Cleaning Approach and Methodology." Coatings 10, no. 11 (2020): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111019.

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Street art, and its preservation, has become one of the most discussed and still open topics in the field of conservation. The absence of a sharable conservation protocol in terms of cleaning and protection is a delicate subject to deal with. The cleaning of contemporary murals and urban artworks stained by graphical vandalism is a real challenge, due to the similar chemical composition of the materials involved. In this work two different approaches to the cleaning of street art murals, namely chemical methods and laser cleaning, are reported and compared with the aim of identifying a suitabl

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Ryberg, Morten W., Mikołaj Owsianiak, Alexis Laurent, and Michael Z. Hauschild. "Power generation from chemically cleaned coals: do environmental benefits of firing cleaner coal outweigh environmental burden of cleaning?" Energy & Environmental Science 8, no. 8 (2015): 2435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee01799h.

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Elsamman, Sama, Nouran Abdelkader, and Samar Mansour. "Cleaning Validation Model for Tablet Production Line." Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2025): 27–36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20250901.14.

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In pharmaceutical manufacturing, cleaning validation is essential for demonstrating the reliability and efficiency of cleaning methods for production equipment. This documented process ensures that cleaning practices effectively and consistently prevent cross-contamination and adulteration of drug, chemical, or biological products. This thesis aims to develop a cleaning validation model specifically for a tablet production line, focusing on four key machines: the double cone blender, fluidized bed dryer, compression machine, and high-shear mixer. Cleaning Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) we

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20

Moldovan, Anamaria, Katrin Birmann, Jochen Rentsch, Martin Zimmer, Thomas Gitte, and Jens Fittkau. "Combined Ozone/HF/HCI Based Cleaning and Adjusted Emitter Etch-Back for Silicon Solar Cells." Solid State Phenomena 195 (December 2012): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.195.305.

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RCA cleaning in multiple variations is widely used in photovoltaic production lines for high efficiency solar cells. These commonly peroxide based cleaning procedures are effective, but suffering from large chemical consumption and waste generation. A substitution of hydrogen peroxide by ozone in cleaning solutions is not realized yet for PV devices despite its high oxidation potential and facility advantages. The very high potential of ozone cleaning has been shown in various microelectronic applications [1-7]. Dissolved ozone in HF/HCl solution gives the option of cleaning by combined silico

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Arevalo, J., R. Sandin, M. D. Kennedy, S. G. Salinas Rodriguez, F. Rogalla, and V. M. Monsalvo. "Membrane-based pretreatment to mitigate variations in desalination plants." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 12 (2018): 2858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.279.

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Abstract The main source of potable water in high water-stress areas is commonly produced in brackish and seawater desalination plants. Owing to the presence of high concentration of suspended solids, organic matter and colloidal particles in raw water, pretreatment processes are needed for a stable operation of desalination plants. A submerged membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant has been operated as pretreatment of complex brackish surface water to study the filtration performance. The results show the membrane performance, chemical reagent requirements, water quality and cleaning procedures

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Parchovianský, Milan, Ivana Parchovianská, Peter Švančárek, Günter Motz, and Dušan Galusek. "PDC Glass/Ceramic Coatings Applied to Differently Pretreated AISI441 Stainless Steel Substrates." Materials 13, no. 3 (2020): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030629.

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In this work, the influence of different cleaning procedures on adhesion of composite coatings containing passive ceramic and commercial glasses was investigated. Two compositions (C2c, D2-PP) of double-layer polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) coating systems, composed from bond coat and a top coat, were developed. In order to obtain adherent coatings, stainless steel substrates were cleaned by four different cleaning procedures. The coatings were then deposited onto the steel substrate via spray coating. Pretreatment by subsequent ultrasonic cleaning in acetone, ethanol and deionised water (proced

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Korcok, Davor, and Nada Trsic-Milanovic. "The application of cleaning validation principles on dietary supplements production equipment." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 48 (2017): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1748141k.

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Cleaning validation for pharmaceutical production equipment is a documented proof of the efficient cleaning, and one of prerequisites of good manufacturing practice in medicine production. Successful validation confirms the efficiency of the procedures of cleaning, washing, and disinfecting of the manufacturing equipment, and records results of the chemical and microbiological analyses, which are a prerequisite for a safe final dietary product. The main goal of this study was to improve the cleaning process of the production equipment by using cleaning validation procedures on the solid form p

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Parisi, Erica I., Nicole Bonelli, Emiliano Carretti, Rodorico Giorgi, Gabriel M. Ingo, and Piero Baglioni. "Film forming PVA-based cleaning systems for the removal of corrosion products from historical bronzes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, no. 3 (2018): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0204.

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AbstractThis paper presents an innovative poly(vinyl)alcohol-based film forming system, specifically devised for the controllable and selective cleaning of copper-based artifacts. Traditional cleaning procedures are commonly performed using mechanical and/or chemical methods. Unfortunately, both these methods present some limitations related to both the poor selectivity and invasiveness in case of the mechanical procedure, and to the scarce control over the involved reactions when dealing with a chemical approach. The innovative system proposed in this work allows combining the advantages of c

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Sari, Kartika, Nurheni Sri Palupi, and Puspo Edi Giriwono. "SANITASI ALERGEN PADA PROSES PRODUKSI BISKUIT DALAM UPAYA MENGURANGI RESIDU ALERGEN TELUR." Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan 32, no. 1 (2021): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2021.32.2.136.

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Food allergy is a hypersensitive response to food, generally protein, triggered by body immune system. These responses can be mild, however in very rare cases may cause severe reactions and life threatening known as called anaphylaxis. Food allergy has been one of the main factors for product recall. It can happen due to many reasons, such as product package labeling fault, raw material labeling fault and cross contamination. Validation of the effectiveness of cleaning and sanitation process become a critical point to minimize cross contamination. This study aimed to determine the optimum chem

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Generali, Luigi, Paolo Generali, Pio Bertani, et al. "Quantitative Evaluation of Debris Removal from NiTi Rotary Endodontic Instruments After Different Cleaning Procedures." Dentistry Journal 13, no. 2 (2025): 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020049.

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Objectives: Endodontic instruments require thorough decontamination and sterilization before use and reuse to ensure the safety and success of treatments. However, standardized protocols are lacking. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of different cleaning protocols in removing debris from NiTi rotary file surfaces. Methods: Forty-eight new Mtwo NiTi rotary instruments (sizes 10/.04, 15/.05, 20/.06, and 25/.06) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12). A set of new sterile instruments (Group I) served as the negative control. After usage for primary endodontic tr

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Pop, Silvia Izabella, Dana Cristina Bratu, Radu Chiorean, et al. "Biochemical Characteristics of Mini-implants Sterilised by Different Chemical and Physical Procedures." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 2 (2017): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.2.4827.

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One hundred micro-implants from two different manufacturers were used in the study. From each manufacturer (Link from MISTM and Yesanchor from OrlusTM) the implants were divided in 5 groups: G0 (n=10) new, unused, G1 (n=10) mini-implants inserted in pig bone and removed, ultrasonically cleaned, followed by autoclave sterilization, G2 (n=10) same insertion protocol of group 2 followed by chemical cleaning with phosphoric gel and autoclave strerilization, G3 (n=10) same insertion protocol of group 1 followed by sandblasting and autoclave sterilization, G4 (n=10) same insertion protocol of group

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ROWAN, NEIL J., and JOHN G. ANDERSON. "Effectiveness of Cleaning and Disinfection Procedures on the Removal of Enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus From Infant Feeding Bottles." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 2 (1998): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.2.196.

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Reconstituted infant milk formulas are considered a food class of high risk because of the susceptibility of the infant population to enteric bacterial pathogens, severe response to enterotoxins, and increased mortality. Twenty infant feeding bottles, contaminated with different levels of enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus, were subjected in triplicate to a variety of commonly used cleaning and disinfecting procedures. Although thorough cleaning reduced microbial numbers, it did not remove all B. cereus present. Three commercially available disinfection procedures (i.e., one chemical and two ther

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Budakçı, Mehmet, Emre Saygin, and Süleyman Şenol. "Effect of resin cleaning process on adhesion strength of water-based varnishes." BioResources 14, no. 1 (2019): 1317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.1317-1332.

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The purpose of this study was to determine how resin, a side compound of wood, and resin cleaning methods affect the adhesion strength of water-based varnishes. For this purpose, scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), black pine (Pinus nigra subsp.), larch (Larix decidua Mill.), and spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), woods with different amounts of resin in their anatomical structure were examined. Physical and chemical resin cleaning procedures were applied to the samples using acetone, cellulosic (lacquer) thinner, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium hydroxide + hydrogen peroxide (NaOH + H2O2), and

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Alalam, Sabine, Farah Ben-Souilah, Marie-Hélène Lessard, et al. "Characterization of Chemical and Bacterial Compositions of Dairy Wastewaters." Dairy 2, no. 2 (2021): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy2020016.

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The dairy industry produces large amounts of wastewater, including white and cleaning wastewater originating principally from rinsing and cleaning-in-place procedures. Their valorization into process water and non-fat milk solids, in the case of white wastewater, or the renewal of cleaning solutions could be achieved using pressure-driven membrane processes. However, it is crucial to determine the intrinsic characteristics of wastewaters, such as proximate composition and bacterial composition, to optimize their potential for valorization. Consequently, white and cleaning wastewaters were samp

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Grataloup-Oriez, C., A. Laudrin, J. M. Levrel, et al. "Cleaning and decontamination of probes-evaluation of procedures." European Journal of Ultrasound 7 (February 1998): S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-8266(97)80210-8.

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Howell, David, Rob Mitchell, and Christopher M. Carr. "Surface chemical investigation into the cleaning procedures of historic tapestry materials. Part 2." Journal of Materials Science 42, no. 14 (2007): 5452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0779-z.

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Carr, C. M., R. Mitchell, and D. Howell. "Surface chemical investigation into the cleaning procedures of ancient tapestry materials. Part 1." Journal of Materials Science 39, no. 24 (2004): 7317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jmsc.0000048746.77454.30.

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Di Martino, P., B. Doumeche, L. Galas, H. Vaudry, V. Heim, and H. Habarou. "Assessing chemical cleaning of nanofiltration membranes in a drinking water production plant: a combination of chemical composition analysis and fluorescence microscopy." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 8-9 (2007): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.262.

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The efficiency of cleaning procedures to remove the fouling deposit from the surface of NF membranes operating in the drinking water plant of Méry sur Oise (Val d'Oise, France) was assessed by a combination of chemical analysis and fluorescence microscopy. The ATR-FTIR spectra of the fouled membranes revealed the presence of biological matter at the membrane surface, mainly composed of polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. IR bands corresponding to the membrane material were detected for stage 1 but not for stage 3. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observations confirmed the mi

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Fontana, Riccardo, Marco Marzola, Mattia Buratto, et al. "Analysis of Civil Environments Cleaning Services—Microbiological and LCA Analysis after Traditional and Sustainable Procedures." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (2022): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010696.

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The development of sustainable processes has an important role to play in balancing social productivity requirements, protecting the environment and natural resources. Up to date, efforts to combat microbial contamination have focused on the use of chemical-based sanitation procedures, which may have various limitations, as testified by the persistence of contamination itself, by the growing antimicrobial resistance of microbes and by the chemical related pollution. The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of the use of conventional and sustainable cleaning products and p

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Thasnim Jawhar, Kallayil, Francis P.G., Sebastian Joseph, Kalarickal Biju, Jerald Arun Bosco, and Edathotty Terry Thomas. "Effect of various chemical disinfectants on the mechanical properties of elastomeric chains." Bioinformation 21, no. 06 (2025): 1651–57. https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300211651.

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Different cleaning procedures affected the mechanical characteristics of elastomeric chains. Hence, 255 samples, divided into 17 groups of 15 samples each, were tested for bacterial contamination and tensile strength using five disinfection procedures. Colonies on culture plates indicated contamination, while the universal testing machine determined ultimate tensile strength. The samples disinfected with 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) remained contaminated, as shown by colony growth, even though there was a statistically significant reduction in colonies compared to the controls. All samples exam

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Senftleben, Oliver, Hermann Baumgärtner, and Ignaz Eisele. "Cleaning of Silicon Surfaces for Nanotechnology." Materials Science Forum 573-574 (March 2008): 77–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.573-574.77.

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An overview of various cleaning procedures for silicon surfaces is presented. Because in-situ cleaning becomes more and more important for nanotechnology the paper concentrates on physical and dry chemical techniques. As standard ex-situ wet chemical cleaning has a significant impact on surface quality und thus device properties, its influence on further processes is also considered. Oxygen and carbon are unavoidable contaminations after wet chemical treatment and therefore we discuss their in-situ removal as one of the main goals of modern silicon substrate cleaning. As surface roughness stro

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Gomez, Virginia, Silvia Irusta, Olawale B. Lawal, et al. "Enhanced purification of carbon nanotubes by microwave and chlorine cleaning procedures." RSC Advances 6, no. 14 (2016): 11895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra24854j.

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da Costa, Paula Rocha, Aline Ribeiro Alkmin, Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral, Luzia Sergina de França Neta, Ana Cláudia Cerqueira, and Vânia Maria Junqueira Santiago. "Ageing effect on chlorinated polyethylene membrane of an MBR caused by chemical cleaning procedures." Desalination and Water Treatment 53, no. 6 (2014): 1460–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.943063.

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VERRAN, JOANNA, ROBERT D. BOYD, KAREN HALL, and ROBIN H. WEST. "Microbiological and Chemical Analyses of Stainless Steel and Ceramics Subjected to Repeated Soiling and Cleaning Treatments." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 9 (2001): 1377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.9.1377.

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Stainless steel and ceramic surfaces were subjected to repeated soiling and cleaning procedures, using a milk powder soil inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, followed by spraying with water with or without 0.1% (vol/vol) nonionic detergent. Test surfaces were removed after 1, 5, 10, and 20 soiling-cleaning cycles and were analyzed for attached microorganisms (total viable count of bacteria removed by swabbing and percentage of coverage of cells plus soil stained with acridine orange). Surfaces were additionally examined using a range of analytical techniques: X-ra

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Villa, Federica, Davide Gulotta, Lucia Toniolo, Luigimaria Borruso, Cristina Cattò, and Francesca Cappitelli. "Aesthetic Alteration of Marble Surfaces Caused by Biofilm Formation: Effects of Chemical Cleaning." Coatings 10, no. 2 (2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020122.

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Despite the massive presence of biofilms causing aesthetic alteration to the façade of the Monza Cathedral, our team in a previous work proved that the biocolonization was not a primary damaging factor if compared to chemical-physical deterioration due to the impact of air pollution. Nonetheless, the conservators tried to remove the sessile dwelling microorganisms to reduce discolouration. In this research, two nearby sculpted leaves made of Candoglia marble were selected to study the effects of a chemical treatment combining the biocides benzalkonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and Algophase®

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Zhou, Weijian, Shugang Wu, Todd E. Lange, et al. "High-Level 14C Contamination and Recovery at Xi'an AMS Center." Radiocarbon 54, no. 2 (2012): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.v54i2.16045.

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A sample with a radiocarbon concentration estimated to be greater than 105 times Modern was inadvertently graphitized and measured in the Xi'an AMS system last year. Both the sample preparation lines and the ion source system were seriously contaminated and a series of cleaning procedures were carried out to remove the contamination from them. After repeated and careful cleaning as well as continuous flushing with dead CO2 gas, both systems have recovered from the contamination event. The machine background is back to 2.0 x 10–16 and the chemical blank is beyond 50 kyr.

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Zhou, Weijian, Shugang Wu, Todd E. Lange, et al. "High-Level 14C Contamination and Recovery at Xi'an AMS Center." Radiocarbon 54, no. 02 (2012): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200046919.

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A sample with a radiocarbon concentration estimated to be greater than 105times Modern was inadvertently graphitized and measured in the Xi'an AMS system last year. Both the sample preparation lines and the ion source system were seriously contaminated and a series of cleaning procedures were carried out to remove the contamination from them. After repeated and careful cleaning as well as continuous flushing with dead CO2gas, both systems have recovered from the contamination event. The machine background is back to 2.0 x 10–16and the chemical blank is beyond 50 kyr.

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Bosco, Roberta, Gabriele Messina, Davide Amodeo, Gabriele Cevenini, and Simona Gambelli. "Using Ultraviolet C (UVC) in Operating Rooms: A Hygiene Improvement." Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology 1, S1 (2021): s63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ash.2021.123.

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Background: Disinfection procedures are an essential aspect of preventing cross contamination, especially in situations where the risk of infection is higher, such as in operating rooms (ORs). Disinfection procedures in ORs at the end of each surgery session are not the same as final cleaning procedures. We assessed the difference in microbial contamination between different levels of disinfection, before T(0) and after T(1) the use of an ultraviolet C device (UVC-D). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2019 and August 2020 in a private clinic. Three sanitation leve

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Guglielmi, Vittoria, Valeria Comite, Chiara Andrea Lombardi, et al. "Restoration of a Textile Artefact: A Comparison of Cleaning Procedures Applied to a Historical Tapestry from the Quirinale Palace (Rome)." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042669.

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The cleaning of textile artefacts and in particular historical tapestries is generally carried out using standard methods. Different cleaning procedures, including a new method based on a hydro-aspiration mechanism, recently developed by restorers with the aim of improving the efficiency of the cleaning system, were applied to a historical tapestry belonging to the lower edge of one of the tapestries of the “Ulysses Stories” series exhibited at the Quirinale Palace (Rome). The tapestry was made of wool and silk and has precious decorations made of metal yarns, which are particularly fragile. T

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Pop, Silvia Izabella, Dana Cristina Bratu, Violeta Valentina Merie, et al. "Effect of Different Cleaning and Sterilization Methods on the Surface Morphology of Mini-implants." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 9 (2017): 1974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.9.5804.

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The objective of this study was to analyse morphological and surface topography variations of two types of mini-implants after using different chemical and physical cleaning methods and autoclaved sterilization. One hundred mini-implants from two different manufacturers were used in this study. The mini-implants from each manufacturer were divided in five groups, each consisting of ten samples: G0 new, unused, G1 ultrasonically cleaned, G2 chemically cleaned, G3 sandblasted, G4 cleaned with distilled water. SEM analyses of the mini-implants were performed. Only procedures used in samples from

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Guglielmi, G., D. Chiarani, D. P. Saroj, and G. Andreottola. "Impact of chemical cleaning and air-sparging on the critical and sustainable flux in a flat sheet membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 12 (2008): 1873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.126.

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The paper discusses the experimental optimisation of both chemical and mechanical cleaning procedures for a flat-sheet submerged membrane bioreactor fed with municipal wastewater. Fouling was evaluated by means of the critical flux concept, which was experimentally measured by short-term flux-stepping tests. By keeping constant most important parameters of the biological process (MLSS, sludge age), two different chemical cleaning protocols (2,000 mg L−1 NaOCl and 200 mg L−1 NaOCl) were applied with different frequency and, after approximately 9 months of operation, the criticality threshold wa

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Zidhan Hassan, Mohamed, and Sivakumar Thankaraj Ambujam. "Smart Automated Evaporator Coil Cleaning System for Ceiling-Mounted Air Conditioning Units." Applied Mechanics and Materials 926 (April 23, 2025): 71–86. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-b5vndb.

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Ceiling cassette air-conditioning units play a pivotal role in the HVAC industry, renowned for their high efficiency, especially in high-rise buildings. However, the routine maintenance of these units poses significant challenges. The current methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and wasteful of water, leading to adverse effects on workers' health due to chemical exposure and the physical strain of manual cleaning. In response, this research proposes an innovative solution leveraging Arduino, high-pressure water nozzles, and electronic components to revolutionize maintenance procedures.

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Pozo-Antonio, J. S., T. Rivas, M. P. Fiorucci, A. J. López, and A. Ramil. "Effectiveness and harmfulness evaluation of graffiti cleaning by mechanical, chemical and laser procedures on granite." Microchemical Journal 125 (March 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2015.10.040.

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Haïkel, Youssef, René Serfaty, Philippe Bleicher, Thin-Thin C. Lwin, and Claude Allemann. "Effects of cleaning, chemical disinfection, and sterilization procedures on the mechanical properties of endodontic instruments." Journal of Endodontics 23, no. 1 (1997): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(97)80200-2.

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