Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical equilibrium. Phase diagrams. Chemistry'

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical equilibrium. Phase diagrams. Chemistry"

1

Toikka, Alexander, and Maria Toikka. "Solubility and critical phenomena in reactive liquid–liquid systems." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 9 (2009): 1591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-11-04.

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The goal of this work is to consider solubility phenomena in reactive fluid mixtures with liquid-phase splitting. One of the main tasks is to analyze peculiarities of liquid–liquid (LL) systems with equilibrium and nonequilibrium chemical reaction. The special aim is to consider the critical states in these systems. The reactive liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) is treated on the base of phase rule. The topology of diagrams of reactive LLE is discussed for some types of binary and ternary systems. Examples are presented of a possible transformation of phase diagrams caused by the shifting of chemical equilibrium and by changes in the shape of the binodal. The transformations resulting in the reactive critical phase formation are considered. Quaternary mixtures are also discussed with the use of experimental data on the solubility in the system with n-propyl acetate synthesis reaction. The mutual crossing of the chemical equilibrium surface and binodal in the composition tetrahedron leads to the origin of the area of simultaneous chemical and LLE with two critical points (reactive critical phases). The shape of the curve of simultaneous chemical and phase equilibrium is also presented in the square of transformed composition variables.
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2

Toikka, Maria, and Alexander Toikka. "Peculiarities of phase diagrams of reactive liquid–liquid systems." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 1 (2012): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-05-07.

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The goal of this work is to consider some peculiarities of heterogeneous systems with chemical interactions. The main task is to analyze the features of liquid–liquid (LL) phase diagrams of the systems with equilibrium and nonequilibrium chemical reaction in solution. The consideration of topology of these phase diagrams should include additional elements, such as stoichiometric lines, chemical equilibrium (CE), and isoaffinity manifolds (i.e., curves, surfaces, or hypersurfaces of constant affinity). The thermodynamic conditions of mutual disposition of LL tie-lines, isoaffinity, and stoichiometric lines in ternary system are presented in the paper. Quaternary mixtures are discussed with the use of our experimental data on the solubility in the systems with ethyl acetate and n-propyl acetate synthesis reactions. The binodal and CE surfaces in these systems are presented. The opportunity of simultaneous LL and CE is discussed. The special aim is to consider the critical surfaces in these systems: the examples are presented on the basis of our experimental data.
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3

Horsák, Ivan, Petr Pacák, and Ivo Sláma. "Evaluation of phase diagrams of solvate-forming binary systems: The systems dimethyl sulphoxide-lithium nitrate and dimethyl sulphoxide-calcium nitrate." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 5 (1985): 1001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19851001.

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Phase diagrams of the solidus-liquidus type for two dimethylsulphoxide-nitrate systems have been evaluated using a rigorous method proposed previously. As both the systems involve the formation of solvates, the problem solved is one of simultaneous phase and chemical equilibria. The evaluation was performed by optimization of chosen adjustable parameters, namely the equilibrium constant of solvation, interaction parameters in expression for excess free energy, and the temperature and heat of fusion of pure crystalline solvate. In addition, a suitable model had to be found for the activities of ideal mixture components for the given type of system. The paper presents the first experimental data for the phase diagram of the system dimethyl sulphoxide-lithium nitrate
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4

Malpiedi, Luciana Pellegrini, Cintia Fernández, Guillermo Picó, and Bibiana Nerli. "Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Phase Diagrams of Polyethyleneglycol + Sodium Tartrate + Water Two-Phase Systems." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 53, no. 5 (2008): 1175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je8000188.

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5

Harjo, Benny, Ka M. Ng, and Christianto Wibowo. "Visualization of High-Dimensional Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium Phase Diagrams." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 43, no. 14 (2004): 3566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie034186x.

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6

Frolkova, Anastasia V., Mark A. Mayevskiy, and Alla K. Frolkova. "Analysis of Phase Equilibrium Diagrams of Cyclohexene + Water + Cyclohexanone + Solvent System." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 63, no. 3 (2018): 679–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.7b00870.

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7

Lin, Li, P. Wollants, O. Van Der Biest, and L. Delaey. "A simple method for the calculation of equilibrium phase diagrams." Calphad 18, no. 1 (1994): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916(94)90010-8.

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8

Buera, Maria Pilar, Yrjö Roos, Harry Levine, et al. "State diagrams for improving processing and storage of foods, biological materials, and pharmaceuticals (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 8 (2011): 1567–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-10-07-02.

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Supplemented temperature/composition phase diagrams include the non-equilibrium glass-transition temperature (Tg) curve and equilibrium ice-melting and solubility curves. The inclusion of the non-equilibrium curve allows one to establish relationships with the time coordinate and, thus, with the dynamic behavior of systems, provided that the thermal history of such systems is known. The objective of this report is to contribute to the potential applications of supplemented state diagrams for aqueous glass-formers, in order to describe the influence of water content, nature of vitrifying agents, and temperature on the physico-chemical properties of foods and biological and pharmaceutical products. These data are helpful to develop formulations, processing strategies, or storage procedures in order to optimize the stability of food ingredients and pharmaceutical formulations. Reported experimental data on phase and state transitions for several food and pharmaceutical systems were analyzed. Some methodological aspects and the effect of phase and state transitions on the main potential chemical reactions that can alter those systems during processing and/or storage are discussed.
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9

Reshetov, S. A., and S. V. Kravchenko. "Statistics of liquid-vapor phase equilibrium diagrams for various ternary zeotropic mixtures." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 41, no. 4 (2007): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579507040185.

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10

Wojakowska, Alina, Agata Górniak, and Andrzej Wojakowski. "Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Phase Diagrams of the Zinc Halide + Silver Halide Systems." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 49, no. 5 (2004): 1231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je034207u.

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