Journal articles: 'Chemical mechanics'

1

Adésina, A. A. "Chemical engineering: Fluid mechanics." Applied Catalysis A: General 150, no. 1 (February 1997): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(97)90183-6.

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Tichy, John, Joseph A. Levert, Lei Shan, and Steven Danyluk. "Contact Mechanics and Lubrication Hydrodynamics of Chemical Mechanical Polishing." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 146, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 1523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1391798.

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Shan, Lei, Joseph Levert, Lorne Meade, John Tichy, and Steven Danyluk. "Interfacial Fluid Mechanics and Pressure Prediction in Chemical Mechanical Polishing." Journal of Tribology 122, no. 3 (July 6, 1999): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.555398.

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This paper reports on the measurement of fluid (water) pressure distribution at a soft (polyurethane) pad/steel interface. The distribution of the interfacial fluid pressure has been measured with a specially-designed fixture over the typical range of normal loads and velocities used in the chemical mechanical polishing/planarization of silicon wafers. The results show that, for most cases, the leading two-thirds of the fixture exhibits a subambient pressure, and the trailing third a positive pressure. The average pressure is sub-ambient and may be of the order of 50∼100% of the normal load applied. An analytical model has been developed to predict the magnitude and distribution of the interfacial fluid pressure. The predictions of this model fit the experimental results reasonably well, especially for low sliding velocities. [S0742-4787(00)00902-4]

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Yang, Xiang Dong, Xin Wei, Xiao Zhu Xie, and Zhuo Chen. "Development of Theory Model in Chemical Mechanical Polishing." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.767.

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Chemical mechanical polishing (hereinafter referred to as CMP) which is to provide the best global planarization technology has been researched and applied in the field of ultra-precision surface finish. This article outlines the principles of the CMP process, focusing on the development of the major theoretical models such as phenomenological model, contact mechanics model, fluid dynamics model and hybrid model based contact mechanics and fluid dynamics in chemical mechanical polishing process. The hybrid model based contact mechanics and fluid dynamics has been a good developed in recent years. The model based on the molecular / atomic scale is proposed the further research methods of CMP's theoretical model.

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Veitsman, E. V. "Some Problems of Interface Chemical Mechanics." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 253, no. 1 (September 2002): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8431.

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6

Poland, Douglas. "Statistical mechanics and cooperative chemical kinetics." Journal of Chemical Physics 98, no. 6 (March 15, 1993): 4862–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464968.

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Kocherginsky, Nikolai, and Martin Gruebele. "Thermodiffusion: The physico-chemical mechanics view." Journal of Chemical Physics 154, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 024112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0028674.

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Rao, Addanki Sambasiva, Medha A. Dharap, and J. V. L. Venkatesh. "Experimental Study of the Effect of Post Processing Techniques on Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modelled Parts." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 5, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2015010101.

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FDM (Fused Deposition Modelled) parts are chemically treated with two types of chemicals viz Dimethyl ketone (Acetone) and Methyl ethyl ketone to reduce the surface roughness. This chemical treatment method technique not only reduces surface roughness but also makes effect on strength of chemically treated parts of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material. In this study Taguchi method of DOE (Design of Experiments) is conducted on test specimen of “tensile”, “bending” and “izod impact” components which are manufactured through Fused Deposition Modeling process using ABS-P400 material. DOE is conducted to optimize the effect of chemical treatment process parameters on strength of above specimen parts. The process parameters considered for the DOE are “different levels of concentration of chemical, temperature, time, layer thickness etc. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) is used to know the significance of contribution of each of these parameters. Results reveal that the prototypes when treated at optimum condition the tensile strength, flexural strength and izod impact strength improved significantly.

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Poulet, T., A. Karrech, K. Regenauer-Lieb, L. Fisher, and P. Schaubs. "Thermal–hydraulic–mechanical–chemical coupling with damage mechanics using ESCRIPTRT and ABAQUS." Tectonophysics 526-529 (March 2012): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.005.

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Brighenti, R., F. Artoni, and M. P. Cosma. "Mechanics of Active Mechano-Chemical Responsive Polymers." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 416 (October 26, 2018): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/416/1/012080.

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Florián, Jan. "Comment on Molecular Mechanics for Chemical Reactions." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 106, no. 19 (May 2002): 5046–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0135510.

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Seo, Jihoon. "A review on chemical and mechanical phenomena at the wafer interface during chemical mechanical planarization." Journal of Materials Research 36, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43578-020-00060-x.

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AbstractAs the minimum feature size of integrated circuit elements has shrunk below 7 nm, chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) technology has grown by leaps and bounds over the past several decades. There has been a growing interest in understanding the fundamental science and technology of CMP, which has continued to lag behind advances in technology. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of various chemical and mechanical phenomena such as contact mechanics, lubrication models, chemical reaction that occur between slurry components and films being polished, electrochemical reactions, adsorption behavior and mechanism, temperature effects, and the complex interactions occurring at the wafer interface during polishing. It also provides important insights into new strategies and novel concepts for next‐generation CMP slurries. Finally, the challenges and future research directions related to the chemical and mechanical process and slurry chemistry are highlighted.

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Zhang, Chao-Hui, Si-Si Liu, and Er-Yang Ming. "Analysis on Wafer Tilt Contributions to Contact Mechanics in Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process." Advanced Science Letters 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 1803–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2011.1324.

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14

Inushima, T., N. Hirose, K. Urata, T. Sato, and S. Yamazaki. "Film growth mechanics of photo-chemical vapor deposition." Applied Surface Science 33-34 (September 1988): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(88)90335-2.

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15

Coletti, Cecilia, and Gert D. Billing. "Quantum dressed classical mechanics: application to chemical reactions." Chemical Physics Letters 342, no. 1-2 (July 2001): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00555-3.

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16

Deem, Michael W. "Recent contributions of statistical mechanics in chemical engineering." AIChE Journal 44, no. 12 (December 1998): 2569–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690441202.

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Selvadurai, A. P. S., and Q. Yu. "Mechanics of polymeric membranes subjected to chemical exposure." International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 43, no. 4 (May 2008): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2007.12.004.

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18

Liang, Hong. "Chemical boundary lubrication in chemical–mechanical planarization." Tribology International 38, no. 3 (March 2005): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2004.08.006.

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19

Rzhevskaya, Elena V., Vladlena V. Davydova, and Igor V. Dolbin. "Study of the Influence of the Chemical Resistance of Polyphenylenesulphone from Radel on Mechanical Properties." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.245.

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The paper presents the results of a study of the chemical resistance and mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone manufactured by Solvay, Radel brand, obtained by injection molding. Chemical resistance was investigated in short-term tests (24 hours duration), standard (7 days) and long-term (16 weeks). The mechanics of PPSU samples after exposure to chemical reagents is presented. It was revealed in what chemical environments and how much the mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone are preserved.

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Vlassak, J. J. "A model for chemical–mechanical polishing of a material surface based on contact mechanics." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 52, no. 4 (April 2004): 847–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2003.07.007.

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Feng, Chunyang, Changhao Yan, Jun Tao, Xuan Zeng, and Wei Cai. "A Contact-Mechanics-Based Model for General Rough Pads in Chemical Mechanical Polishing Processes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 156, no. 7 (2009): H601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3133238.

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22

Liang, Steven Y., and Zhi Peng Pan. "Integration of Process Mechanics and Materials Mechanics for Precision Machining." Solid State Phenomena 261 (August 2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.261.9.

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On process mechanics, the mechanical and thermal stresses and their distributions within the material as imposed by machining is essential, and on materials mechanics, the crystal plasticity and microstructural dynamics of recrystallization, texture evolution, phase field variation, as well as constitutive of flow stress and other properties play pivotal roles. Furthermore, mechanical, thermal, and even chemical stresses imposed by machining effect the evolution of part microstructure and bulk properties, but on the other hand the materials microstructure can also change the flow stress characteristics and heat generation mechanics of machining. This process-materials interaction of bilateral nature is not clearly understood in the current literature. This paper outlines an iterative blending scheme to factor in both the process mechanics and materials mechanics in one analysis platform to facilitate the predictive modeling and planning of precision machining. The integration of the two mechanics domains combines macroscopic analysis of contact plasticity and moving heat source with the microscopic analysis of constitutive and homogenization modeling, to achieve a holistic descript of precision machining thus supporting process design and optimization. Steels, and titanium alloys are discussed as example material families in machining.

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23

Lin, Hai, Jingzhi Pu, Titus V. Albu, and Donald G. Truhlar. "Efficient Molecular Mechanics for Chemical Reactions: Multiconfiguration Molecular Mechanics Using Partial Electronic Structure Hessians." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 108, no. 18 (May 2004): 4112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp049972+.

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24

Egorov, Vladimir V. "Quantum-classical mechanics as an alternative to quantum mechanics in molecular and chemical physics." Heliyon 5, no. 12 (December 2019): e02579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02579.

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25

Ridgen, John S. "Quantum mechanics, chemical physics and E. Bright Wilson, Jr." Journal of Molecular Structure 223 (June 1990): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(90)80457-u.

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26

Dickinson, Richard B., and Tanmay P. Lele. "Chemical Engineering Principles in the Field of Cell Mechanics." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 54, no. 23 (June 8, 2015): 6061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01330.

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27

Truhlar, Donald G. "Reply to Comment on Molecular Mechanics for Chemical Reactions." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 106, no. 19 (May 2002): 5048–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0143342.

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28

Yang, Zhen, Xiaoning Zhang, Zeyu Zhang, Bingjie Zou, Zihan Zhu, Guoyang Lu, Wei Xu, Jiangmiao Yu, and Huayang Yu. "Effect of Aging on Chemical and Rheological Properties of Bitumen." Polymers 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121345.

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Engineering performance of asphalt pavement highly depends on the properties of bitumen, the bonding material to glue aggregates and fillers together. During the service period, bitumen is exposed to sunlight, oxygen and vehicle loading which in turn leads to aging and degradation. A comprehensive understanding of the aging mechanism of bitumen is of critical importance to enhance the durability of asphalt pavement. This study aims to determine the relations between micro-mechanics, chemical composition, and macro-mechanical behavior of aged bitumen. To this end, the effect of aging on micro-mechanics, chemical functional groups, and rheological properties of bitumen were evaluated by atomic force microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic shear rheometer tests, respectively. Results indicated that aging obviously increased the micro-surface roughness of bitumen. A more discrete distribution of micromechanics on bitumen micro-surface was noticed and its elastic behavior became more significant. Aging also resulted in raised content of carbonyl, sulfoxide, and aromatic ring functional groups. In terms of rheological behavior, the storage modulus of bitumen apparently increased after aging due to the transformation of viscous fractions to elastic fractions, making it stiffer and less viscous. By correlation analysis, it is noted that the bitumen rheological behavior was closely related to its micro-mechanics.

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Kocherginsky, Nikolai, and Martin Gruebele. "Mechanical approach to chemical transport." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 40 (September 19, 2016): 11116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600866113.

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Nonequilibrium thermodynamics describes the rates of transport phenomena with the aid of various thermodynamic forces, but often the phenomenological transport coefficients are not known, and the description is not easily connected with equilibrium relations. We present a simple and intuitive model to address these issues. Our model is based on Lagrangian dynamics for chemical systems with dissipation, so one may think of the model as physicochemical mechanics. Using one main equation, the model allows a systematic derivation of all transport and equilibrium equations, subject to the limitation that heat generated or absorbed in the system must be small for the model to be valid. A table with all major examples of transport and equilibrium processes described using physicochemical mechanics is given. In equilibrium, physicochemical mechanics reduces to standard thermodynamics and the Gibbs–Duhem relation, and we show that the First and Second Laws of thermodynamics are satisfied for our system plus bath model. Out of equilibrium, our model provides relationships between transport coefficients and describes system evolution in the presence of several simultaneous external fields. The model also leads to an extension of the Onsager–Casimir reciprocal relations for properties simultaneously transported by many components.

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30

Goldsmith, Brett R., John G. Coroneus, Jorge A. Lamboy, Gregory A. Weiss, and Philip G. Collins. "Scaffolding carbon nanotubes into single-molecule circuitry." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 5 (May 2008): 1197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0179.

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While nanowires and nanotubes have been shown to be electrically sensitive to various chemicals, not enough is known about the underlying mechanisms to control or tailor this sensitivity. By limiting the chemically sensitive region of a nanostructure to a single binding site, single molecule precision can be obtained to study the chemoresistive response. We have developed techniques using single-walled- carbon-nanotube (SWCNT) circuits that enable single-site experimentation and illuminate the dynamics of chemical interactions. Discrete changes in the circuit conductance reveal chemical processes happening in real-time and allow SWCNT sidewalls to be deterministically broken, reformed, and conjugated to target species.

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31

Chen, Yi-Tsao, Haw Yang, and Jhih-Wei Chu. "Structure-mechanics statistical learning unravels the linkage between local rigidity and global flexibility in nucleic acids." Chemical Science 11, no. 19 (2020): 4969–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc00480d.

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The mechanical properties of nucleic acids underlie biological processes ranging from genome packaging to gene expression. We devise structural mechanics statistical learning method to reveal their molecular origin in terms of chemical interactions.

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32

Nguyen, Van-Thuc, and Te-Hua Fang. "Abrasive mechanisms and interfacial mechanics of amorphous silicon carbide thin films in chemical-mechanical planarization." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 845 (December 2020): 156100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156100.

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33

Chang, Shih Hsiang. "A Dishing Model for Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Plug Structures." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.276.

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It is well known that dishing occurring in chemical mechanical polishing of plug structures leads to considerable wafer surface non-planarity and reduces the current/charge conduction. Thus, a closed-form solution for quantitative prediction of dishing is needed. A contact-mechanics-based approach to describe the steady-state dishing occurring in chemical mechanical polishing of plug structures is presented. The model is then applied to investigate the effect of pattern geometry on dishing in details. It was shown that plug dishing strongly depends on plug size, but minimally on pattern density. In addition, the maximum value of dishing occurs at a critical pattern density for fixed pitch.

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Fennell, Eanna, and Jacques M. Huyghe. "Chemically Responsive Hydrogel Deformation Mechanics: A Review." Molecules 24, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 3521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193521.

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A hydrogel is a polymeric three-dimensional network structure. The applications of this material type are diversified over a broad range of fields. Their soft nature and similarity to natural tissue allows for their use in tissue engineering, medical devices, agriculture, and industrial health products. However, as the demand for such materials increases, the need to understand the material mechanics is paramount across all fields. As a result, many attempts to numerically model the swelling and drying of chemically responsive hydrogels have been published. Material characterization of the mechanical properties of a gel bead under osmotic loading is difficult. As a result, much of the literature has implemented variants of swelling theories. Therefore, this article focuses on reviewing the current literature and outlining the numerical models of swelling hydrogels as a result of exposure to chemical stimuli. Furthermore, the experimental techniques attempting to quantify bulk gel mechanics are summarized. Finally, an overview on the mechanisms governing the formation of geometric surface instabilities during transient swelling of soft materials is provided.

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35

Bratholm, Lars A., and Jan H. Jensen. "Protein structure refinement using a quantum mechanics-based chemical shielding predictor." Chemical Science 8, no. 3 (2017): 2061–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc04344e.

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We show that a QM-based predictor of a protein backbone and CB chemical shifts is of comparable accuracy to empirical chemical shift predictors after chemical shift-based structural refinement that removes small structural errors (errors in chemical shifts shown in red).

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36

Li, Jing, Zhimin Chai, Yuhong Liu, and Xinchun Lu. "Tribo-chemical Behavior of Copper in Chemical Mechanical Planarization." Tribology Letters 50, no. 2 (February 8, 2013): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0110-5.

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37

Piat, Romana. "Hierarchical Models of Chemical Infiltrated Carbon/Carbon Composites." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.665.

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In the last years there has been an increasing interest in the multi-scale mechanics of the materials, i.e. in predicting the macroscopic constitutive response on the basis of the underlying microstructure. At each level of structural hierarchy, one may model the material as a continuum, and the representative volume element problem can be formulated in terms of standard equilibrium and boundary conditions. The overall physical behaviour of these micro-heterogeneous materials depends strongly on the shape, size, orientation, properties and spatial distribution of their microconstituents. For prediction of the macroscopic behaviour of such materials the multi-scale homogenization techniques were developed. As an example of such investigation we develop the hierarchical material model of the chemical vapour infiltrated carbon fiber composites (CFCs) with a unidirectional or random distribution of fibers. The approach based on hierarchical structural modeling can be used to theoretically predict the mechanical parameters of CFCs with different microstructure and to develop virtual materials with prescribed mechanical properties.

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38

Gao, Xiang, Daining Fang, and Jianmin Qu. "A chemo-mechanics framework for elastic solids with surface stress." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2182 (October 2015): 20150366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0366.

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Elasticity problems involving solid-state diffusion and chemo-mechanical coupling have wide applications in energy conversion and storage devices such as fuel cells and batteries. Such problems are usually difficult to solve because of their strongly nonlinear characteristics. This study first derives the governing equations for three-dimensional chemo-elasticity problems accounting for surface stresses in terms of the Helmholtz potentials of the displacement field. Then, by assuming weak coupling between the chemical and mechanical fields, a perturbation method is used and the nonlinear governing equations are reduced to a system of linear differential equations. It is observed from these equations that the mechanical equilibrium equations of the first two orders are not dependent on the chemical fields. Finally, the above chemo-mechanics framework is applied to study the stress concentration problem of a circular nano-hole in an infinitely large thick plate with prescribed mechanical and chemical loads at infinity. Explicit expressions up to the third order are obtained for the stress and solute concentration fields. It is seen from these solutions that, different from the classical elasticity result, the stress concentration factor near the nano-hole depends on the surface stress, applied tensile load and prescribed solute concentration at infinity.

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39

Li, Ying, Yang Sun, Meng Qin, Yi Cao, and Wei Wang. "Mechanics of single peptide hydrogelator fibrils." Nanoscale 7, no. 13 (2015): 5638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr07657e.

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40

Sorkin, Raya, Giulia Bergamaschi, Douwe Kamsma, Guy Brand, Elya Dekel, Yifat Ofir-Birin, Ariel Rudik, et al. "Probing cellular mechanics with acoustic force spectroscopy." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 16 (August 8, 2018): 2005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-03-0154.

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A large number of studies demonstrate that cell mechanics and pathology are intimately linked. In particular, deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) is key to their function and is dramatically altered in the time course of diseases such as anemia and malaria. Due to the physiological importance of cell mechanics, many methods for cell mechanical probing have been developed. While single-cell methods provide very valuable information, they are often technically challenging and lack the high data throughput needed to distinguish differences in heterogeneous populations, while fluid-flow high-throughput methods miss the accuracy to detect subtle differences. Here we present a new method for multiplexed single-cell mechanical probing using acoustic force spectroscopy (AFS). We demonstrate that mechanical differences induced by chemical treatments of known effect can be measured and quantified. Furthermore, we explore the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) uptake on RBC mechanics and demonstrate that EVs uptake increases RBC deformability. Our findings demonstrate the ability of AFS to manipulate cells with high stability and precision and pave the way to further new insights into cellular mechanics and mechanobiology in health and disease, as well as potential biomedical applications.

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41

Lim, S. H. "Chemical vapor detection using nanomechanical platform." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 21, no. 11 (November 2007): 1876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03177443.

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42

HIAI, FUMIO, and DÉNES PETZ. "QUANTUM MECHANICS IN AFC*-SYSTEMS." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 08, no. 06 (August 1996): 819–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x96000299.

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Motivated from the chemical potential theory, we study quantum statistical thermodynamics in AF C*-systems generalizing usual one-dimensional quantum lattice systems. Our systems are C*-algebras [Formula: see text] which have a localization [Formula: see text] of finite-dimensional subalgebras indexed by finite intervals of Z and an automorphism γ acting as a right shift on the localization. Model examples are supplied from derived towers (string algebras) for type II1 factor-subfactor pairs. Given a (γ-invariant) interaction and a specific tracial state, we formulate the Gibbs conditions and the variational principle for (γ-invariant) states on [Formula: see text], and investigate the relationship among these conditions and the KMS condition for the time evolution generated by the interaction. Special attention is paid to C*-systems of gauge invariance (typical model in the chemical potential theory) and to C*-systems considered as quantum random walks on discrete groups. The CNT-dynamical entropy for the shift automorphism γ is also discussed.

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43

Dyekjær, Jane, Kjeld Rasmussen, and Svava Jónsdóttir. "QSPR models based on molecular mechanics and quantum chemical calculations." Journal of Molecular Modeling 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00894-002-0096-7.

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44

Verma, Akarsh, Avinash Parashar, and M. Packirisamy. "Role of Chemical Adatoms in Fracture Mechanics of Graphene Nanolayer." Materials Today: Proceedings 11 (2019): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.12.019.

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45

Mylvaganam, K., and L. C. Zhang. "Chemical Bonding in Polyethylene−Nanotube Composites: A Quantum Mechanics Prediction." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 108, no. 17 (April 2004): 5217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp037619i.

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46

Nelson, P. G. "Treatment of chemical equilibrium without using thermodynamics or statistical mechanics." Journal of Chemical Education 63, no. 10 (October 1986): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed063p852.

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47

Koes, David, and John Vries. "Evaluating Molecular Mechanics Force Fields with a Quantum Chemical Approach." Biophysical Journal 112, no. 3 (February 2017): 289a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.1566.

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48

Olaussen, K�re, and George Stell. "New microscopic approach to the statistical mechanics of chemical association." Journal of Statistical Physics 62, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01020867.

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49

Song, Peng Yun, and Ai Lin Ma. "The Concept and the Contents of Process Fluid Mechanics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.194.

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Fluid mechanics is the mechanics of fluids, concerned with the motion of fluids and the forces associated with that motion. A Process is a series of operations which produce a physical or chemical change or biotransformation in the nature of a material. Process industries are those industries in which processes have been taken placed. Process engineering stems from chemical engineering, having much wider ranges and much deep content, and focusing on the design, operation and maintenance of process in process industries. Process fluid mechanics may be interpreted as the fluid mechanics related to process industries and/or process engineering, or as the fluid mechanics used for the process industries or process engineering, or as the knowledge of fluid mechanics should be mastered by the process engineers and process researchers or process scientists. Process fluid mechanics can be divided into physical process fluid mechanics, chemical process fluid mechanics, and biological process fluid mechanics.

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50

Weymuth, Thomas, and Markus Reiher. "Immersive Interactive Quantum Mechanics for Teaching and Learning Chemistry." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 75, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2021.45.

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The impossibility of experiencing the molecular world with our senses hampers teaching and understanding chemistry because very abstract concepts (such as atoms, chemical bonds, molecular structure, reactivity) are required for this process. Virtual reality, especially when based on explicit physical modeling (potentially in real time), offers a solution to this dilemma. Chemistry teaching can make use of advanced technologies such as virtual-reality frameworks and haptic devices. We show how an immersive learning setting could be applied to help students understand the core concepts of typical chemical reactions by offering a much more intuitive approach than traditional learning settings. Our setting relies on an interactive exploration and manipulation of a chemical system; this system is simulated in real-time with quantum chemical methods, and therefore, behaves in a physically meaningful way.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chemical mechanics'

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