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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chemical or enzymatic modification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 June 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kriek, Marco. "Enzymatic synthesis of complex carbohydrates : approaches to the enzymatic synthesis and chemical modification of oligosaccharides." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342146.

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2

Canela, Xandri Anna. "Chemical and enzymatic valorization of polyols from biomass." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386443.

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En les últimes dècades han augmentat els problemes derivats de la sobreproducció i acumulació de residus de la industria, així com els problemes mediambientals i la disminució de fonts de matèries primeres. En aquest sentit, ha incrementant l’interès en reutilitzar-los, per tal de re-valoritzar-los produint productes d’interès, acostant-nos cada cop més al concepte de residu zero. Un dels majors subproductes de la industria agroalimentària és el conegut amb el terme de biomassa. En aquest treball, ens hem centrat en investigar la re-valorització d’una petita part dels poliols presents en la b
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3

Scholten, Matthew John. "Enzymatic and chemical modification of fatty acid methyl esters: enzymatic catalysis of methyl linoleate using soybean lipoxygenase and chemical catalysis of methyl oleate Using Hypobromination." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/735.

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Vegetable oils are a cheap and abundant chemical feedstock which can be readily broken down into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by transesterification using methanol and a base catalyst. These FAMEs contain reactive unsaturated double bonds which can be targeted for modification. In this study, enzymatic and chemical modifications of the unsaturated double bonds of FAMEs are explored with the goal of producing higher value products. Specifically the enzymatic modification of methyl linoleate using soybean lipoxygenase and the chemical modification of methyl oleate using hypobromantion are st
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4

Gratzer, Paul F. "The effect of chemical modification on the enzymatic degradation of acellular matrix (ACM) processed biomaterials." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/NQ45752.pdf.

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5

Sweeney, Deacon John. "A Computational Tool for Biomolecular Structure Analysis Based On Chemical and Enzymatic Modification of Native Proteins." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1316440232.

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6

Rousseau, Dérick. "Modification of the physical and compositional properties of butter fat-canola oil blends by chemical and enzymatic interesterification." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24424.pdf.

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7

Nemoto-Smith, Emi H. "Synthesis of cobalamin analogues using enzymatic and chemical modification methods, and subsequent identification of cobalamin localisation in a variety of organisms." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61694/.

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Cobalamin, also known as vitamin B12, is an essential nutrient for many different organisms including mammals, fish, birds, nematodes, and a variety of bacteria. However, cobalamin is only synthesised by a few bacteria and archaea. Organisms that cannot synthesise cobalamin de novo must obtain it from their diet. In humans, the cobalamin uptake mechanism has been studied in detail, but in many organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, no method of transport has been defined, and their need for cobalamin is recognised by a cobalamin deficiency phenotype. Corrin ring modified fluorescent analog
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8

Baron, Kim L. "Enzymatic and chemical modifications of erythrocyte surface antigens to identify Plasmodium falciparum merozoite binding sites." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46043.

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Malaria is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium where the species that causes the most severe form of malaria in humans is known as Plasmodium falciparum. At least 40% of the global population is at risk of contracting malaria with 627 000 people dying as a result of this disease in 2012. Approximately 90% of all malaria deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where approximately every 30 seconds a young child dies, making malaria the leading cause of death in children under the age of five years old. The malaria parasite has a complex life cycle utilising both invertebrate and v
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9

Chooi, Kok Phin. "Synthetic phosphorylation of kinases for functional studies in vitro." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2adc517a-2876-4a0b-8ead-e9bf164ebc6f.

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The activity of protein kinases is heavily dependent on the phosphorylation state of the protein. Kinase phosphorylation states have been prepared through biological or enzymatic means for biochemical evaluation, but the use of protein chemical modification as an investigative tool has not been addressed. By chemically reacting a genetically encoded cysteine, phosphocysteine was installed via dehydroalanine as a reactive intermediate. The installed phosphocysteine was intended as a surrogate to the naturally occurring phosphothreonine or phosphoserine of a phosphorylated protein kinase. Two mo
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10

Simiand, Cécile. "Modifications régio- et stéréosélectives du saccharose." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10180.

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Les dextrane-saccharases utilisent le saccharose comme glucosyle donneur pour la biosynthese de dextranes. Des saccharoses modifies ont ete synthetises puis testes comme analogues de substrat de ces enzymes. Le 3-oxo-saccharose, obtenu par biooxydation du saccharose, a ete utilise comme compose precurseur pour les modifications en c-3. Les 3-oximino, 3-amino et 3-thio-saccharoses ont ete obtenus avec de bons rendements. La strategie developpee pour les modifications en position c-4 a permis d'obtenir, de facon stereoselective, les 4-amino, 4-thio et 4-fluoro-saccharoses. Des tests enzymatiques
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11

Eid, Georges. "Nouveaux dérivés lipophiles ou amphiphiles de composés phénoliques bio-sourcés à propriétés antioxydantes, anti-inflammatoires et/ ou anti-prolifératives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0166.

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La diminution des ressources pétrochimiques facilement accessibles, suscite, depuis ces dix dernières années, un intérêt croissant pour l'utilisation de matières première d'origine renouvelable. L'industrie de première transformation du bois génère chaque année des volumes importants de déchets qui sont à l'heure actuelle, soit recyclés vers d'autres filières comme la papeterie ou l'industrie des panneaux, soit utilisés comme source d'énergie, et donc vers des marchés de faible valeur ajoutée. Le projet se situe dans ce contexte de développement durable, d'économie circulaire et de valorisatio
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12

Kutacova, Pavla. "Enzymatic modification of kenaf pulp." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33973.pdf.

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13

Wirth, Petra. "Enzymes en solvants organiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619244x.

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14

Mansfield, Shawn Denton. "Enzymatic modification of Douglas-fir pulp." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ27197.pdf.

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15

Dalponte, Luca. "Chemo-enzymatic modification of cyclic peptides." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239393.

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16

簫乃志 and Nai-chi Siu. "Enzymatic modification of oat globulin by microbial transglutaminase." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225147.

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17

Siu, Nai-chi. "Enzymatic modification of oat globulin by microbial transglutaminase." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23234507.

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18

Withers, Freddie. "Chemical modification of graphene." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4081.

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In this thesis investigations into chemically modified graphene structures are presented. Chemical functionalization of graphene is the chemical attachment of molecules or atoms to the graphene surface via covalent or Van der Waals bonds, this process offers a unique way to tailor the properties of graphene to make it useful for a wide range of device applications. One type of chemical functionalization presented in this thesis is fluorination of graphene which is the covalent attachment of fluorine to the carbon atoms of graphene and the resultant material is fluorographene which is a wide ba
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19

Holding, Finn Peter. "Chemical modification of streptavidin." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384989.

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20

Cox, Owen. "Chemical modification of polysulfone." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665375.

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The research presented herein is concerned with the chemical modification of polysulfone towards the synthesis of a hollow fibre boronic acid fixed carrier membrane system for saccharide separation. Chapter 1 firstly introduces the area of boronic acids as chemosensors, in particular for detecting saccharides. Secondly, membrane separation techniques are discussed focussing on hollow fibre membranes and their synthesis. Chapter 2 discusses the potential of boronic acid fixed carrier hollow fibre membranes for saccharide separation. Three general routes are highlighted to achieve the desired bo
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21

Jin, Li. "Chemical modification of polymers." Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9706/.

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Based on the knowledge of PVC degradation and stabilisation, chemical modifications were imposed on degraded PVC and raw PVC with the aim of obtaining non-migrating additives. The modifications were carried out mainly in the presence of dibutyl maleate (DBM), and the resulting polymer contained dibutyl maleic residues. Such modifications result in a polymer which contain substantive additives which resist migration under aggressive environments. Previous studies have shown that stable nitroxyl radicals function as stabilisers in polymer during processing (e.g. PP, PVC) by deactivating a large
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22

Liao, Rongzhen. "Quantum Chemical Cluster Modeling of Enzymatic Reactions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för organisk kemi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43026.

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The Quantum chemical cluster approach has been shown to be quite powerful and efficient in the modeling of enzyme active sites and reaction mechanisms. In this thesis, the reaction mechanisms of several enzymes have been investigated using the hybrid density functional B3LYP. The enzymes studied include four dinuclear zinc enzymes, namely dihydroorotase, N-acyl-homoserine lactone hydrolase, RNase Z, and human renal dipeptidase, two trinuclear zinc enzymes, namely phospholipase C and nuclease P1, two tungstoenzymes, namely formaldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase and acetylene hydratase, aspartat
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23

Qian, Xiangping. "Enzymatic and chemical synthesis of oligosaccharide analogs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0013/NQ60015.pdf.

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24

Virden, Jane. "Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of #beta#-lactams." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253475.

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25

Lind, Maria E. S. "Quantum Chemical Modeling of Asymmetric Enzymatic Reactions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för organisk kemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-116694.

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Computational methods are very useful tools in the study of enzymatic reactions, as they can provide a detailed understanding of reaction mechanisms and the sources of various selectivities. In this thesis, density functional theory has been employed to examine four different enzymes of potential importance for biocatalytic applications. The enzymes considered are limonene epoxide hydrolase, soluble epoxide hydrolase, arylmalonate decarboxylase and phenolic acid decarboxylase. Besides the reaction mechanisms, the enantioselectivities in three of these enzymes have also been investigated in det
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26

McMurray, Brian Thomas. "Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of organosulphur compounds." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359111.

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27

Shepherd, S. D. "Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of organosulfur compounds." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396225.

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28

Manta, Bianca. "Quantum Chemical Studies of Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för organisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-141321.

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Computer modeling of enzymes is a valuable complement to experiments. Quantum chemical studies of enzymatic reactions can provide a detailed description of the reaction mechanism and elucidate the roles of various residues in the active site. Different reaction pathways can be analyzed, and their feasibility be established based on calculated energy barriers. In the present thesis, density functional theory has been used to study the active sites and reaction mechanisms of three different enzymes, cytosine deaminase (CDA) from Escherichia coli, ω-transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv
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29

Chandra, Richard P. "Chemo-enzymatic modification of high-kappa kraft pulps with laccase." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/ipstetd-1011/.

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30

Washington, Benny Jr. "Enzymatic modification of synthetic mRNA's and their interaction with proteins." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1985. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1244.

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All eukaryotic mRNAs analyzed to date contain, at their 5' end, a cap structure consisting of a reversed 7-methyl guanosine residue linked at the 5' position of the ribose by a triphosphate to the 5'- position of the terminal residue. Since its discovery, the cap structure has been shown to play an important role in the control of initiation of protein synthesis. Further characterization of mRNAs has revealed other unique properties. Its 3' terminus in most eukaryotes is enriched with a sequence of adenylic acid residues called the poly(A) tail. Photoaffinity binding studies, using photoaffini
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31

Tack, Paul A. "Enzymatic production of oligosaccharides in centrifugal fields." Thesis, Aston University, 2001. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9641/.

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The aims of this work have been to identify an enzymatic reaction system suitable to investigate and develop the high-speed centrifuge as a novel reaction system for performing such reactions. The production of galacto-oligosaccharides by the trans-galactosyl activity of the enzyme β-galactosidase on lactose monohydrate was identified as a model enzymatic system to elucidate the principles of this type of process. Galacto-oligosaccharides have attracted considerable commercial interest as food additives which have been shown to be beneficial to the health of the human gastrointestinal tract. T
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32

Breakwell, I. K. "Chemical modification of smectite clays." Thesis, Aston University, 1992. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9790/.

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Today, speciality use organoclays are being developed for an increasingly large number of specific applications. Many of these, including use in cosmetics, polishes, greases and paints, require that the material be free from abrasive impurities so that the product retains a smooth `feel'. The traditional `wet' method preparation of organoclays inherently removes abrasives naturally present in the parent mineral clay, but it is time-consuming and expensive. The primary objective of this thesis was to explore the alternative `dry' method (which is both quicker and cheaper but which provides no r
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33

Schofield, C. "Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355775.

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34

Georgieva, Polina. "Quantum Chemical Modeling of Enzymatic Methyl Transfer Reactions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Bioteknologi, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9695.

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35

Hamidi, Nor Hanimah. "Enzymatic depolymerization of lignin by laccases." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14527/.

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More than half of platform petrochemicals are aromatic, whereas the only large-scale, naturally-occurring, renewable source of aromatics is lignin. Chemical depolymerization of lignin requires extreme conditions, and results in extensive destruction of the aromatic rings and/or char formation. By contrast, enzymatic lignin depolymerization occurs under mild conditions with retention of the aromatic nuclei. Therefore, laccase from Agaricus bisporus (LAB) and from Trametes versicolor (LTV) with the mediator, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3 ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) were used to depolymerize
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36

Xiong, Chen. "Enzymatic modification of DNA and RNA 3'-termini for click ligation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/367127/.

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37

Holmes, Richard James. "Chemical modification of activated carbon adsorbents." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5378.

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Activated carbons have been modif fed using reactive chemicals to produce adsorbents of enhanced hydrophobic character which will also be resistant to surface oxidation that results from exposure to humid air ("ageing"). The intention was that modification would not disrupt the carbon pore structure. The adsorptive properties of the modified carbons have been investigated using probe molecules Including nitrogen, water, hexane, and chloropicrin, and the ageing characteristics of the carbons, and the factors controlling the adsorption of a model hydrophobic vapour from high humidity air have be
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38

Smith, Edward James. "The chemical modification of nylon 6,6." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405743.

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39

Finch, Catherine Vanessa. "Chemical modification of skin mimic systems." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2017. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34645/.

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This thesis investigates the effect of various physical and chemical surface modification methods on the permeation of topically applied pharmaceutical compounds through poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a polymer frequently employed as a model barrier in in vitro skin permeation studies. Such studies are essential for safety, risk assessment, and quality control purposes, in addition to assisting in the design and development of efficacious topically applied medicines. The commercial availability, legal status, ease of handling, and the reproducibility of the permeation data associated with poly
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40

Erdas, Yonca. "Novel chemical modification of cellulosic substrates." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488431.

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Constrained by lack of availability of suitable land the consumption of cotton has leveled off while that of polyester has increased rapidly, the demand for clothes, which are made from cotton is increasing in the highly sophisticated countries. Cotton production is criticised as it is a polluting process and the land could be used for food production in the poor countries. Therefore much attention has been directed towards re-engineering of synthetic fibres aimed at mimicking cotton properties such as breathability, comfort, antistatic and dyeability. Even so world cotton production is still
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41

Kallitsis, Konstantinos. "Chemical modification of fluorinated electroactive polymers." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0094.

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L'électronique organique est une alternative peu coûteuse à l'électronique classique (à base de silicium) qui permet la fabrication de dispositifs flexibles, élargissant le champ d'application de l'électronique au-delà des limites imposées par le silicium. Pour que l'électronique organique trouve des applications plus larges dans le monde réel, trois classes de matériaux doivent être optimisées. Il s’agit des conducteurs, des semi-conducteurs et des diélectriques, qui constituent les trois éléments de tout appareil électronique. Alors que les conducteurs et les semiconducteurs organiques ont a
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42

Windle, Claire Louise. "Altering enzyme activities using chemical modification." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11808/.

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In Nature there are twenty proteogenic amino acid ‘building blocks’, from which proteins and enzymes are constructed. These proteogenic amino acids confer activity to enzymes; however there are many instances where the chemistries provided by these ‘building blocks’ are expanded upon. Nature recruits an array of cofactors, post translational modifications and post translationally generated cofactors, all which help to provide function or activity. Until recently the protein engineer was restricted to the use of the twenty proteogenic amino acids, and so access to this increased chemical divers
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43

Liu, Z. "Insight into chemical reactions : from heterogeneous to enzymatic reactions." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398116.

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44

Gadre, S. R. "Bioactive molecules: chemical and enzymatic approaches to their synthesis." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1993. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3072.

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45

Ramos, Luiz Pereira. "Steam pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus viminalis chips." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7749.

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The steam pretreatment of Eucalyptus viminalis chips was characterized. Pretreatment parameters such as steam temperature, residence time, addition of SO$\sb2$ as an acid catalyst, and initial moisture content of the chips were evaluated in order to optimize recovery, fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated materials. In the absence of an acid catalyst, the best pretreatment was obtained at 230$\sp\circ$C for 120 s using chips with a moisture content of 50% (w/w). Pretreatment by steam explosion showed no variation resulting from differences in the initial moisture content of the
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46

Bond, Stephen P. "Interlamellar modification of smectite clays." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9741/.

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Clay minerals, both natural and synthetic, have a wide range of applications. Smectite clays are not true insulators, their slight conductivity has been utilized by the paper industry in the development of mildly conducting paper. In particular, the synthetic hectorite clay, laponite, is employed to produce paper which is used in automated drawing offices where electro graphic printing is common. The primary objective of this thesis was to modify smectite clays, particularly laponite, to achieve enhanced conductivity. The primary objective was more readily achieved if the subsidiary objective
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47

Overton, Nigel. "Enzyme catalysed modification of polymers." Thesis, Aston University, 1998. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9608/.

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The aim of this project was to investigate the enzyme catalysed modification of synthetic polymers. It was found that an immobilised lipase from Candida antartica (Novozyme 435) catalysed the selective epoxidation of poly(butadiene) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and catalytic quantities of acetic acid. The cis and trans double bonds of the backbone were epoxidised in yields of up to 60 % whilst the pendent vinyl groups were untouched. The effect of varying a number of reaction parameters was investigated. These studies suggested that higher yields of epoxide could not be obtained becaus
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48

Nobes, Geoffrey A. R. "In vitro enzymatic synthesis and degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37549.

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Studies of the use of enzymes to both produce and degrade polyhydroxyalkanotes (PHAs) under in vitro conditions are presented in this thesis. PHAs were produced using a lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of the corresponding lactones. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, was obtained in up to 89% yield with a degree of polymerization of 3--12. Polymerization of other lactones, including beta-propiolactone, gamma-butyrolactone, and e -caprolactone, also yielded the corresponding polyesters in good yields with degrees of polymerization up to 25. MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy was used to charact
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49

Cetin, Nihat S. "Surface activation of lignocellulosics by chemical modification." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298633.

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50

Hagan, Andrew Kevin. "The chemical modification of the lantibiotic mersacidin." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496643.

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Lantibiotics are antibiotic natural products that are synthesised ribosomally and undergo extensive post-translational modification, resulting in multiple thioether bridges and dehydro amino acids in the mature peptide. One such lantibiotic is mersacldin, which is produced by Bacillus sp. and exhibits extremely promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy versus a number of clinically relevant pathogens, most notably methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mersacidin is believed to function by binding to the bacterial cell wall precursor lipid II, thereby preventing its incorporation into the
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