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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical-pharmaceutical technology

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Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical-pharmaceutical technology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical-pharmaceutical technology"

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Feng, Hao. "Research Progress in Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Technology." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 04019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911804019.

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With the development of the medical industry, according to the characteristics of pharmaceutical wastewater, the corresponding pharmaceutical wastewater treatment technology is used to optimize the technology in the production process, which is a measure for the welfare of human health. The wastewater discharged during the production process, especially the pharmaceutical wastewater, is very polluting to the human environment. According to the physicochemical and biochemical and combined process technologies used in pharmaceutical wastewater at home and abroad, new methods are used to improve the treatment methods, and the application of pharmaceutical wastewater with higher difficulty is realized. This paper analyzes the technology and research progress of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, and hopes to promote the level of chemical treatment and chemical treatment of biochemical treatment.

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Roberge, D. M., L. Ducry, N. Bieler, P. Cretton, and B. Zimmermann. "Microreactor Technology: A Revolution for the Fine Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries?" Chemical Engineering & Technology 28, no. 3 (March 2005): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200407128.

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Gerasimov, V. S., and I. M. Balakin. "Design of multipurpose domestic apparatus for chemical and pharmaceutical chemical production." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 29, no. 3 (March 1993): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01149359.

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Ferreira Tomaz, A., R. Cardoso Barbosa, M. R. de Oliveira Pinto, A. G. Barbosa de Lima, M. V. Lia Fook, and M. A. Sabino Gutierrez. "Membrane Technology for Human Health." Diffusion Foundations 14 (December 2017): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.14.43.

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Membranes are considered to be barriers that separates two phases and that totally or partially restricts the transport of one or several chemical species present in the phases. They have several applications, including food and pharmaceutical industry, sewage treatment, chemical and medical fields. In health area, must present characteristics such as bioactivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, be non-toxic, anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic, aiming to protect human health, besides having properties related to mechanical resistance, permeability, among others that will depend on the application.

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Machado, Reinaldo M., Kevin R. Heier, and Robert R. Broekhuis. "ChemInform Abstract: Developments in Hydrogenation Technology for Fine-chemical and Pharmaceutical Applications." ChemInform 33, no. 18 (May 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200218253.

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Tanaka, Ryoma, Naoyuki Takahashi, Yasuaki Nakamura, Yusuke Hattori, Kazuhide Ashizawa, and Makoto Otsuka. "Verification of the mixing processes of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, excipient and lubricant in a pharmaceutical formulation using a resonant acoustic mixing technology." RSC Advances 6, no. 90 (2016): 87049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra16209f.

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FESTEL, GUNTER. "SIMILARITIES OF SUCCESSFUL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER THROUGH NEW VENTURES." International Journal of Innovation Management 19, no. 02 (April 2015): 1550025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919615500255.

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Especially established industries, like the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, rely on effective and efficient technology transfer to maintain their competitiveness. Academic spin-offs, corporate spin-outs, and internal start-ups, as different types of new ventures, can be used for technology transfer from universities and research institutions to companies as well as between or within companies. Especially internal start-ups are a new approach for company internal technology transfer from research departments to business units. Based on 12 case studies from the chemical and pharmaceutical industry in Germany and Switzerland, which were identified and developed by narrative interviews with new ventures and parent organisations, like companies, universities, and research institutions, technology transfer through new ventures has been analysed. Despite the various backgrounds and challenges, the different types of new ventures show much more similarities than dissimilarities. Therefore, learnings from academic spin-offs can be transferred to corporate spin-outs and internal start-ups in the context of technology transfer.

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Len, Christophe, and Renzo Luisi. "Catalytic Methods in Flow Chemistry." Catalysts 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9080663.

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BOOIJ, C. J. "Use of lactose in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry." International Journal of Dairy Technology 38, no. 4 (October 1985): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.1985.tb02741.x.

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Chen, Zhan Li, Xiao Hua Huang, Zhen Zhong Liu, and Xian Rong Sun. "A Novel Application of Combined Bio-Technologies on Chemical Synthesis-Based Pharmaceutical Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1261.

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This chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater is treated by the process of hybrid hydrolysis acidification technique (HHAT) with anaerobic-low DO condition and the hybrid aerobic bio-technology consisted of alternate-flow biological reactor (ABR) and two-way-flow biological aerated filter (TBAF). The micro aerobic technology was employed in the HHAT and showed its advantages in refractory organic wastewater treatment. The largest plant in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment at home was built. The practice shows that the organics can be greatly removed and the effluent can reach the First Grade Discharge Standard which can be reclaimed with advanced treatment. The performance indicates that the combined bio-technologies are stable in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical-pharmaceutical technology"

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Pooni, Gurkanwal Singh. "The creation and development of technology by MNEs within the chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393242.

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Mello, Karine Gargioni Pereira Correa de. "Síntese e avaliações físico-químicas de quitosanas quimicamente modificadas pela inserção de radicais de anidrido succínico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9135/tde-19012018-135156/.

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A N-succinil-quitosana é um derivado quimicamente modificado do polímero quitosana. A inserção de radicais de anidrido succínico nas aminas protonadas presentes ao longo da cadeia do polímero quitosana, conferem diferentes características físico-químicas à molécula de quitosana. Esta modificação química possibilitou à quitosana, solubilidade em pHs que variam do ácido (2.0) até alcalino (14.0). Estas propriedades são atribuídas ao alongamento da cadeia alquílica, que afasta a ponte hidrofílica da cadeia fechada da D-glicosamina, facilitando o acesso da água, a qual irá estabelecer uma interação mais forte com a molécula de quitosana. Esta propriedade não está presente em amostras de quitosana pura, a qual sabe-se que solubiliza-se apenas em pHs abaixo de 5.5.
The N-succinil-chitosan is a chemically modified derivative of the biopolymer chitosan. The succinic anhydride attached to the free amino groups presented along the chitosan\'s polymer chain imparts to the molecule different physicochemical properties not exhibited before the modification. These chemical modifications enhance chitosan\'s solubility in slightly acid, neutral and alkaline media. These properties are related to the long alkyllic chains attached to hydrophilic parts. In this case the hydrophilic part of D-¬glucosamine promotes stronger interactions with the water molecules, and consequently, enhances the solubility of the chitosan polymer. It is worthy mentioning that non-modified free chitosan is soluble only in acidic medium (pH ≤5.5).

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Assis, Marilia Araujo de. "Resolução de (±)-2-amino-1-butanol, precursor para obtenção de etambutol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9135/tde-12022019-102334/.

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A emergência de cepas resistentes à isoniazida, principal fármaco utilizado no tratamento da tuberculose, tem causado renovado interesse nos tuberculostáticos denominados de \"segunda escolha\", dentre estes, o etambutol. O desenvolvimento de metodologias de obtenção de fármacos antimicobacterianos que sejam técnica e economicamente acessíveis e a otimização das técnicas existentes consistem em estratégias de grande importância em países em desenvolvimento onde os altos índices de incidência e prevalência estão diretamente relacionados à falta de recursos. Dentre os vários métodos de obtenção de (+)-2,2\'-(etilenodiimino)di-1-butanol, etambutol, a separação dos enantiômeros do (±)-2-amino-1-butanol com (+)-ácido tartárico seguida de condensação com dihaloetano apresenta-se como uma metodologia que atende aos requisitos anteriormente citados. Assim, efetuou-se neste trabalho, a otimização da resolução do 2-aminobutanol racêmico por formação de sais diastereoméricos neutros, (+)-bis-tartaratos de (+) e (-)-2-amino-1-butanol, seguida de separação por cristalização preferencial do sal contendo o isômero dextrógiro, precursor na síntese do etambutol. Pela formação de sais neutros elevou-se o rendimento da resolução em comparação aos resultados citados em literatura obtidos pela formação de sais ácidos em 63%, obtendo-se (+)-2-amino-1-butanol com elevada pureza química e enantiomérica.
The emergence of M. tuberculosis strains resistant to isoniazid, the main drug in tuberculosis treatment, has raised renewed interest in second choice drugs, like ethambutol. Researching into technical and economicaly accessible synthesis of antimycobacterial drugs and improving on existing ones is of great importance in developing countries where the rising of tuberculosis incidence and prevalence is related to the lack of resourses and inadequate control methods. Among various methods of preparation of (+)-2,2\'-(ethylenediimino)di-1-butanol -ethambutol-, resolution of (±)-2-amino-1-butanol with L-(+)-tartaric acid, followed by condensation to ethylene dichloride, consists in a procedure that is in accordance with these previous requirements. Resolution of racemic 2-aminobutanol was optimized, by diastereomeric neutral salts formation followed by preferential crystallization of the diastereomer containing the dextro isomer of 2-amino-1-butanol. This method resulted in yields 63% higher than resolutions performed by hemitartrates formation, and resulted in (+)-2-amino-1-butanol with high chemical and enantiomeric purity.

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Yu, Shen. "Roll compaction of pharmaceutical excipients." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4137/.

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Roll compaction is commonly used as a dry granulation technique in the pharmaceutical industry to produce tablets for formulations sensitive to heat and moisture. This thesis reports systematic studies on the behavior of pharmaceutical excipients in associated unit operations (i.e. roll compaction, milling, tabletting), as well as their correlations. Roll compaction experiments were carried out using an instrumented roll compactor with a gravity feeding system. The influence of the process parameters, material properties and powder conditioning were investigated Ribbons produced in roll compaction were granulated using an oscillating mill to investigate the milling process. A first order kinetics equation was introduced to describe the mass throughput of the granules. Using positron emission particle tracking technique, which provided a measurement of instantaneous velocity and the location of the ribbons, two milling regions (i.e. impact and abrasion) involving distinct fracture mechanisms were identified. Tabletting of the granules was performed using a universal test machine. A reduction in the compressibility and compactibility of the granules compared to the feed powders, due to work hardening, was also observed. A method was introduced to determine the optimized process conditions for roll compaction and milling through a close examination of the correlation between the unit operations.

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Smith, Kenneth Baird. "Crystallisation of active pharmaceutical ingredients using ionic liquids." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6039/.

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It is proposed that Ionic Liquids offer a new opportunity for exploration into a novel medium for processing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, particularly with respect to habit control and polymorphic form. A review of relevant literature relating to ionic liquids properties, commercial applications and current research has been summarised together with background into fundamental crystallisation theory. Crystallisations using thermal methods were employed at laboratory scale and the physical properties of the resultant powders were analysed and compared to commonly encountered crystal forms. For paracetamol it was found that the morphology of the crystals could be manipulated, producing in some cases, habits not reported for conventional organic solvent crystallisation. This was achieved through changing both the IL used and the saturation of the system whilst in all cases retaining the most stable polymorph. ILs ILs to be ‘designed’ for a given API but greater understanding of the interactions between IL and solute are required first. Properties such as increased solvation power, thermal stability, liquidus range and low vapour pressure bring a number of advantages when designing industrial crystallisations. However ILs also have a number of disadvantages including phase separation problems.

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Mansa, Rachel Fran. "Roll compaction of pharmaceutical excipients and prediction using intelligent software." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5406/.

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Roll compaction is a dry granulation method. In the pharmaceutical industry it assists in binding tablet ingredients together to form a larger mass. This is conducted to ease subsequent processing, decrease dust, improve flowability, improve material distribution, more suitable for moisture and heat sensitive materials than wet granulation methods, minimises operating space and suited for a continuous manufacturing set-up. In pharmaceutical roll compaction various types of powder material mixtures are compacted into ribbon that are subsequently milled and tableted. The aim of this research is to investigate the use of intelligent software (FormRules and INForm software) for predicting the effects of the roll compaction process and formulation characteristics on final ribbon quality. Firstly, the tablet formulations were characterised in terms of their particle size distribution, densities, compressibility, compactibility, effective angle of friction and angle of wall friction. These tablet formulations were then roll compacted. The tablet formulation characteristics and roll compaction results formed 64 datasets, which were then used in FormRules and INForm software training. FormRules software highlighted the key input variables (i.e. tablet formulations, characteristics and roll compaction process parameters). Next these key input variables were used as input variables in the model development training of INForm. The INForm software produced models which were successful in predicting experimental results. The predicted nip angle values of the INForm models were found to be within 5%, which was more accurate to those derived from Johanson’s model prediction. The Johanson’s model was not successful in predicting nip angle above the roll speed of 1 rpm due to air entrainment. It also over-predicted the experimental nip angle of DCPA and MCC by 200%, while the approximation using Johanson’s pressure profile under-predicted the experimental nip angle of DCPA by 5-20% and MCC by 20%.

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Lee, Kai Teck. "Continuous granulation of pharmaceutical powder using a twin screw granulator." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4002/.

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Twin screw extruder (TSE) has been studied extensively as a granulator because it allows continuous processing. Initial work was carried out by comparing the TSE with conventional granulator shows that the mechanism of TSE granulation is different from conventional granulation with the absence of the consolidation stage. PEPT was also utilised and it reveals that the flow stream of the material is not only due to the conveying capacity but also the granulator fill, in particularly for the 90o mixing zone which is believed to be a dispersion type of mechanism driven by the granulator fill gradient. Residence time distribution was measured and simulated by fitting the experimental data using a continuous stirred tank reactors model. The model describes the experimental curves reasonably well when a plug flow fraction was considered. Generally the mean residence time (MRT) of the system is proportional to the mixing zone angle and is inversely proportional to the screw speeds and flowrate. A study using the variance reduction ratio demonstrates that the TSE granulator used in the present study is able to remove the feed instability given that the ratio of the frequency of the input stream fluctuation to the MRT is high.

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Armstrong, Brian. "The study of pharmaceutical powder mixing through improved flow property characterisation and tomographic imaging of blend content uniformity." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1681/.

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The regulatory framework in which pharmaceutical companies have to work has changed significantly since the late 1990’s. The development and implementation of risk based approaches to processing pharmaceutical powders allows the pharmaceutical manufacturers the freedom to adopt real-time release for their products whist reducing the regulatory burden for both the statutory bodies and the manufacturers. This thesis has been a collaboration between Buck Systems and the University of Birmingham School of Chemical Engineering to evaluate and develop methods which would enhance the way in which Buck Systems can, in co-operation with their clients, enhance their understanding of how powder properties affect their products that are used in pharmaceutical manufacturing to better comply with the changes in the regulatory environment. To this end simple and quick screening methods for characterisation of customers’ powders with a view to identifying potential problems prior to blending tests have been developed to replace the current ad hoc approach. These include the use of tests that have been relied on historically as well as newer, more universal and robust techniques such as automated shear cells and powder rheometers. Detailed characterisation trials have shown where these techniques can be successfully applied and where their limitations lie. Further work has shown how powder systems can be better evaluated within the existing HAZOP framework. Specific evaluation of the hopper design methodology has resulted in the development of an expert system to enable the rapid sensitivity analysis of design options. In addition the limits of the hopper design method have been explored and some limitations identified where significant overdesign may occur. The evaluation of content uniformity in a laboratory scale blender using specialist Positron Imaging equipment available at the University of Birmingham has also been undertaken. The unique study of the blender contents using Positron Emission Tomography has provided a range of insights into the way binary and ternary powder systems interdisperse.

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Wales, Craig. "Multi-component crystallisation approaches to controlling crystalline forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3941/.

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Multi-component crystallisation is investigated as a route to controlling crystalline forms of selected materials that possess pharmaceutical properties. This includes investigating the use of co-crystallisation methodology to selectively crystallise metastable polymorphs and solvated forms of these materials. This differs from the conventional use of co-crystallisation, as the aim of this aspect of the investigation is not to obtain a molecular complex of the two components, but instead for them to crystallise independently, while one component perturbs the solution environment to direct the crystallisation of the second component towards a different, often metastable, polymorph (or solvate). This co-crystallisation methodology is used as a route to crystallising new or elusive polymorphs (or solvates) of the active pharmaceutical ingredients paracetamol, piroxicam, gallic acid monohydrate and piracetam. It is also demonstrated that the use of this method can lead to crystal forms with otherwise unobtainable structural features. Co-crystallisation is also investigated as a route to controlling the ionisation state of piroxicam in the formation of molecular complexes. Molecular complexes were formed with a number of mono-substituted benzoic acids as well as with nitrogen-heterocycles and strong acids. In the molecular complexes formed, piroxicam was found to adopt the non-ionised, zwitterionic, anionic or cationic form, depending on the co-former used. Attempts are made to rationalise the occurrence of each ionisation state by consideration of the relative pKa values of piroxicam and the co-formers. The hydrogen bonded supramolecular synthons in these molecular complexes are also investigated. Co-crystallisation is also used as a route to obtaining molecular complexes of paracetamol and its derivative, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, with nitrogen-heterocycles as co-formers. Molecular complexes of the two, with similar co-formers, are compared in terms of their hydrogen bonded supramolecular synthons. Despite having otherwise similar structural features, the phenolic hydroxyl group in paracetamol and carboxylic acid group in 4-acetamidobenzoic acid result in the formation of very different synthons and in some cases different component ratios. The susceptibility of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid to deprotonation is found to play a major role in the differences observed. Molecular complexes of paracetamol with co-formers containing multiple carboxylic acid groups are also investigated, with a view towards further crystal engineering approaches for molecular complexes of paracetamol. Piracetam complexes with carboxylic acids are investigated in a similar manner. The potential for transfer of a range of these multi-component crystallisations into a non-evaporative environment, with a view to implementing continuous crystallisation approaches, is also investigated. This transfer is found to be challenging for the systems investigated.

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Robertis, Laurence de. "Synthèse de cyclodextrines régiosélectivement modifiées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10131.

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Notre travail a consisté en la synthèse et la caractérisation de nouveaux transporteurs de principes actifs formes par un molécule de cyclodextrine pour le piégeage du médicament, et par un motif galactose pour le ciblage de l'ensemble vers des cellules portant des lectines à galactoses sur leur surface. Deux familles de molécules ont été obtenues: - celles ayant une ou plusieurs unités thiogalactosyles liées sur un ou plusieurs hydroxyles primaires de la cyclodextrine ; - celles constituées par un polymère biocompatible portant sur des chaines pendantes, les cyclodextrines et les galactoses. La capacité de complexation des unités cyclodextrines a, dans les deux cas, été étudiée par la méthode rmn, et la reconnaissance des unités galactosyles a été testée à l'aide d'une lectine de levure galactose spécifique. Ces nouveaux types de transporteurs de médicaments ont donné des résultats positifs in vitro et peuvent présager des résultats intéressants in vivo

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Books on the topic "Chemical-pharmaceutical technology"

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Sigurdson, Jon. Future advantage Japan?: Technology strategies for pharmaceutical and chemical corporations. London: Cartermill, 1996.

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Shioiri, Takayuki, Kunisuke Izawa, and Toshiro Konoike. Pharmaceutical process chemistry. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2011.

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Repič, Oljan. Principles of process research and chemical development in the pharmaceutical industry. New York: Wiley, 1998.

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Chemical engineering in the pharmaceutical industry: R&D to manufacturing. Hoboken: Wiley, 2010.

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Simon, Laurent. Control of biological and drug-delivery systems for chemical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical engineering. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2012.

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Pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and chemical inventions: World protection and exploitation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Manufacturing of pharmaceutical proteins: From technology to economy. Weinheim [Germany?]: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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Pharmaceutical process chemistry for synthesis: Rethinking the routes to scale-up. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2011.

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Lidietta, Giorno, ed. Biocatalytic membrane reactors: Applications in biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry. London: Taylor & Francis, 1999.

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Douroumis, Dionysios. Hot-melt extrusion: Pharmaceutical applications. Hoboken: Wiley, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical-pharmaceutical technology"

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Thombre, Avinash G., Mary T. am Ende, and Xiao YuShirley Wu. "Controlled Release Technology and Design of Oral Controlled Release Dosage Forms." In Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 703–26. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470882221.ch37.

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Thombre, Avinash G., Xiao Yu Shirley Wu, and Mary T. am Ende. "CONTROLLED RELEASE TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN OF ORAL CONTROLLED RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS." In Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 381–407. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119600800.ch65.

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Skliar, Dimitri, Jeffrey Nye, and Antonio Ramirez. "USE OF PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY (PAT) IN SMALL MOLECULE DRUG SUBSTANCE REACTION DEVELOPMENT." In Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 937–55. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119600800.ch42.

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Dandekar, Hemant W., Ajay K. Chandhok, and James W. Priegnitz. "Modeling and Simulation of SMB Technology for Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemical Applications." In The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 243–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1375-5_29.

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Heldner, Manfred. "Pharmaceutical Freeze-Drying Systems." In Vacuum Technology in the Chemical Industry, 259–80. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527653898.ch14.

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Crooks, Peter A., Narsimha R. Penthala, and Abeer M. Al-Ghananeem. "Drug Targeting to the Lung: Chemical and Biochemical Considerations." In Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 29–78. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201-3.

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Webster, Gregory K., and William J. Buttner. "A Look into the Future: Chiral Analysis Using Chemical Sensor Technology." In Chiral Separation Methods for Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Products, 429–39. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470608661.ch14.

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Kontogiannatos, Dimitrios, Anna Kolliopoulou, and Luc Swevers. "The 'Trojan horse' approach for successful RNA interference in insects." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection, 25–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0025.

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Abstract Since the discovery of RNA interference in 1998 as a potent molecular tool for the selective downregulation of gene expression in almost all eukaryotes, increasing research is being performed in order to discover applications that are useful for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. The ease of use of double-stranded RNA for targeted in vivo gene silencing in animal cells and tissues gave birth to a massive interest from industry in order to discover biotechnological applications for human health and plant protection. For insects, RNAi became the 'Holy Grail' of pesticide manufacturing, because this technology is a promising species-specific environmentally friendly approach to killing natural enemies of cultured plants and farmed animals. The general idea to use RNAi as a pest-control agent originated with the realization that dsRNAs that target developmentally or physiologically important insect genes can cause lethal phenotypes as a result of the specific gene downregulation. Most importantly to achieve this, dsRNA is not required to be constitutively expressed via a transgene in the targeted insect but it can be administrated orally after direct spraying on the infested plants. Similarly, dsRNAs can be administered to pests after constitutive expression as a hairpin in plants or bacteria via stable transgenesis. Ideally, this technology could have already been applied in integrated pest management (IPM) if improvements were not essential in order to achieve higher insecticidal effects. There are many limitations that decrease RNAi efficiency in insects, which arise from the biochemical nature of the insect gut as well as from deficiencies in the RNAi core machinery, a common phenomenon mostly observed in lepidopteran species. To overcome these obstacles, new technologies should be assessed to ascertain that the dsRNA will be transferred intact, stable and in high amounts to the targeted insect cells. In this chapter we will review a wide range of recent discoveries that address the delivery issues of dsRNAs in insect cells, with a focus on the most prominent and efficient technologies. We will also review the upcoming and novel use of viral molecular components for the successful and efficient delivery of dsRNA to the insect cell.

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Kontogiannatos, Dimitrios, Anna Kolliopoulou, and Luc Swevers. "The 'Trojan horse' approach for successful RNA interference in insects." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection, 25–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0004a.

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Abstract Since the discovery of RNA interference in 1998 as a potent molecular tool for the selective downregulation of gene expression in almost all eukaryotes, increasing research is being performed in order to discover applications that are useful for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. The ease of use of double-stranded RNA for targeted in vivo gene silencing in animal cells and tissues gave birth to a massive interest from industry in order to discover biotechnological applications for human health and plant protection. For insects, RNAi became the 'Holy Grail' of pesticide manufacturing, because this technology is a promising species-specific environmentally friendly approach to killing natural enemies of cultured plants and farmed animals. The general idea to use RNAi as a pest-control agent originated with the realization that dsRNAs that target developmentally or physiologically important insect genes can cause lethal phenotypes as a result of the specific gene downregulation. Most importantly to achieve this, dsRNA is not required to be constitutively expressed via a transgene in the targeted insect but it can be administrated orally after direct spraying on the infested plants. Similarly, dsRNAs can be administered to pests after constitutive expression as a hairpin in plants or bacteria via stable transgenesis. Ideally, this technology could have already been applied in integrated pest management (IPM) if improvements were not essential in order to achieve higher insecticidal effects. There are many limitations that decrease RNAi efficiency in insects, which arise from the biochemical nature of the insect gut as well as from deficiencies in the RNAi core machinery, a common phenomenon mostly observed in lepidopteran species. To overcome these obstacles, new technologies should be assessed to ascertain that the dsRNA will be transferred intact, stable and in high amounts to the targeted insect cells. In this chapter we will review a wide range of recent discoveries that address the delivery issues of dsRNAs in insect cells, with a focus on the most prominent and efficient technologies. We will also review the upcoming and novel use of viral molecular components for the successful and efficient delivery of dsRNA to the insect cell.

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Osho, Michael Bamitale. "Industrial Enzyme Technology." In Research Advancements in Pharmaceutical, Nutritional, and Industrial Enzymology, 375–94. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5237-6.ch017.

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Biotechnology, being the application of biological organisms and their components in pharmaceutical and other industrial processes, has emerged as the basic transformation tool for starch hydrolysis enzyme. Several advantages over chemical catalysts under mild environmental conditions with efficiency and high specificity have been accrued to this fact. Such include ingredient substitution through continuous fermentation, increased products yield and plant capacity, processing aid substitution, more efficient processing, less undesirable products with improved products. This chapter reports on the molecular properties of thermostable enzymes such as alpha-amylases, alpha-glucosidases, glucoamylases pullulanases as relates to pharmaceutical industries; highlights various technology development, continuous solid-state fermentation, metabolic engineering, sol-gel immobilized enzyme arrays often use in enzyme industries. The new modern biotechnology leads to improvement in the effects of various physiological conditions which may allow various industrial processes to carry out lower energy consumption, harmless to the environment, high efficiency, and the product's properties enhancement.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical-pharmaceutical technology"

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Zhao, Feng-qing, and Ma Zhao. "Personalized Education Approaches for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering Majors." In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/itms-15.2015.8.

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Scholl, Stephan. "From Batch to Continuous Production Through Micro Process Technology: Chances and Challenges." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62028.

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The majority of the manufacturing processes in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food or cosmetics industry is operated as batch processes. This is economically advantageous in cases where - capacities per product are low, in the range of 10 kg/a to 1000 t/a - many different educts have to be mixed and processed for the product, i.e. a recipe-based manufacturing, - many different but similar products have to be produced, - educts have to be fed at different times and with varying quantities, - educts show problematic properties such as high viscosity, solids or stickiness, - problematic processing behaviour such as fouling, foaming, viscous intermediate phases or undesired precipitation, is found, - manufacturing has to meet a sometimes stochastic market demand or - the process consist of only a few process steps like mixing, heating, reaction and cooling.

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Streusand, David B., John Steuben, and Cameron J. Turner. "Robotic Interfaces Through Virtual Reality Technology." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38308.

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Virtual reality, the ability to view and interact with virtual environments, has changed the way the world solves problems and accomplishes goals. The ability to control a person’s perceptions and interactions with a virtual environment allows programmers to create situations that can be used in numerous fields. Virtual interaction can go from a computer program to an immersive experience with realistic sounds, smells, visuals, and even touch. Research in virtual reality has covered human interaction with virtual reality, different potential applications, and different techniques in creating the virtual environments. This paper reviews several key areas of virtual reality technology and related applications. An application that has large implications for our research is the control of robotic systems. Robotic systems are only as smart as their programming. This limitation often limits the utility of robotic applications in otherwise desirable circumstances. Virtual reality technologies offer the ability to couple the intelligence of a human operator with a physical robotic implementation through a user-friendly virtualized interface. This early-stage research aims to develop a technological foundation that will ultimately lead to a virtual teleoperation interface for robotics in hazardous applications. The resulting system may have applications in nuclear material handling, chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing, and biomedical research fields.

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Morgan, Joshua, and Cristina Davis. "Differential Mobility Spectrometry Applications in Homeland Security, Clinical Diagnostics and Drug Discovery." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15937.

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There is an urgent need for miniaturized sensors that can rapidly, accurately, and specifically detect extremely low concentrations of chemical and biological materials. Such technologies impact many areas including public health, drug development and national defense. Along with other research groups in industry and academia, we are developing new microfabricated sensors based on differential mobility spectrometry - also known as high field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry. These sensors are suitable for rapid diagnosis of various pulmonary diseases and respiratory pathogens, and they may also be used for explosives and narcotics detection when configured and tuned to detect different chemical signatures. Similarly, we are also applying variations on this technology for the early detection of biological weapons agents. Given the extensive work being performed by many different research groups in many different specialties, there is now a need for a coherent and exhaustive look at the similarities and differences of detection in medical, pharmaceutical, defense and security applications and how these may influence system level designs.

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Fernandez-Suarez, Miryam, Eduardo Garcia-Egido, Mickael Montembault, Maria J. Chapela, and Stephanie Y. F. Wong-Hawkes. "The Development of Integrated Microfluidic Chemistry Platforms for Lead Optimisation in the Pharmaceutical Industry." In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96058.

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During the last decade, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals (GSK) has carried out much of the seminal work in the area of micro fluidics and micro flow assay for lead optimisation. It has pioneered and built an in-house micro fluidic system for drug discovery. The huge and diverse advantages of this approach come from its miniaturised nature and its scale, which makes it easily automatable. As a result of its miniaturised nature it allows for greater control over heat and mass transfer, along with lower consumption of reagents (both chemical and biological) and solvents, less waste generation and decreased exposure to potentially toxic materials. But for a pharmaceutical company, the main advantage of this technology is the capability of coupling a fast microfluidic chemistry generator with a modern compatible miniaturised screening technique to generate instant biological information (i.e. the assay results) in “real time” that can be used to refine the chemistry (closing the feedback loop) and therefore allowing for a much faster lead optimisation. We will review some of the efforts within GSK towards this pioneering work in the development of miniaturised chemistry platforms capable of performing multiple functions such as synthesis, separation, quantification and screening.

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Dayal, Ram, Eberhard Abele, and Tatiana Gambaryan-Roisman. "Numerical Investigation of Coalescence of Viscous Particles With Solid Cores." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2013-73189.

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Coalescence of viscous particles with solid cores plays an important role in chemical and pharmaceutical industry, in agriculture and in production technology. Coalescence of metal particles, which are partially melted due the laser heating, is an important mechanism responsible for densification of metal powder during selective laser sintering process. Our model describes coalescence of two or more particles consisting of a solid core and a liquid shell. The flow in the liquid shell is driven by the surface tension. It is assumed that the characteristic Reynolds number is low, so that the creeping flow model can be applied. A two dimensional boundary element model (BEM) is used to solve the governing equations. The numerical model is validated by comparison with available analytical solution for the limiting case of fully viscous particles. The influence of the liquid properties, the sizes of the particles and the relative sizes of the solid core on the two-phase flow and on the shape evolution of coalescing particles is quantified. In application to the selective laser sintering process densification rate has been defined as an important output parameter. We show that increasing of the solid core radius leads to the decrease of the powder densification rate.

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Henon, Barbara K., and Dennis Cobb. "High Purity Process Piping: Addition of Chapter X High Purity Piping to the ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78072.

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The 2010 Edition of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31.3 Procecess Piping Code [1] includes a new chapter: Chapter X High Purity Piping. Chapter X covers industries listed in the scope of ASME B31.3 which use methods of fabrication, examination, inspection and testing different than other industries covered by the Code. Industries which have a need for cleanness and cleanability on a more demanding level, such as the semiconductor industry, which uses Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) Standards [2–4], and the pharmaceutical and bioprocessing industries, which use the ASME Bioprocessing Equipment (BPE) Standard [5], also reference ASME B31.3 for safety requirements. ASME B31.3 now addresses issues common to the semiconductor and biopharmaceutical industries. The new High Purity Fluid Service defined in Chapter X permits weld coupon examination in lieu of the 5% radiography required in Normal Fluid Service when orbital welding is used in fabrication. Industries that may not otherwise be considered as high purity, such as refineries, the chemical processing industry [6–7], solar panel fabrication and nuclear or petrochemical applications that could use tubing rather than pipe, may benefit from the fabrication technology introduced in Chapter X while meeting the safety requirements of the Code.

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Liang, Wenjuan, and Yong Yan. "Pilot Test of Water Reuse Technology on Pharmaceutical Wastewater." In International Conference on Chemical,Material and Food Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cmfe-15.2015.28.

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Plouffe, Patrick, Ross Anthony, Adam Donaldson, Dominique M. Roberge, Norbert Kockmann, and Arturo Macchi. "Transport Phenomena in Two-Phase Liquid-Liquid Micro-Reactors." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73040.

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Micro-reactors offer distinct advantages over batch reactors currently used within the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Their high surface area-to-volume ratios allow for increased heat and mass transfer, which is important for controlling reaction selectivity. In addition, micro-reactors are compatible with continuous processing technology, circumventing the time delays inherent to batch systems. Rapid mixing of reactants within micro-reactors is, however, limited by the inherent difficulty of generating turbulence at reduced geometry scales. Several different passive mixing strategies have been proposed in order to produce eddy-based secondary flows and chaotic mixing. This study examines the effectiveness of these strategies by comparing the energy-density normalized heat and mass transfer coefficients for a selection of industrial micro-reactors. First single, then two-phase liquid-liquid experiments were conducted. Pressure drop measurements were obtained to calculate friction factors and to verify the presence of eddy-based secondary flows. A hot heat exchange fluid and temperature measurements were used to estimate the internal convective heat transfer coefficients within each structure. Volumetric mass transfer coefficients were also determined for the mutual extraction of partially miscible n-butanol and water. Semi-empirical correlations for the reactors’ friction factor and Nusselt number as well as a description of the overall mass transfer coefficient based on energy dissipation are presented.

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Bhargava, Aarushi, Kaiyuan Peng, Jerry Stieg, Reza Mirzaeifar, and Shima Shahab. "Ultrasound Actuation of Shape-Memory Polymer Filaments: Acoustic-Thermoelastic Modeling and Testing." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3832.

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Controlled drug delivery (CDD) technology has received extensive attention in the past three decades due to numerous advantages of this technology when compared to the conventional methods. Despite recent efforts and substantial achievements, controlled drug releasing systems still face major challenges in practice, including chemical issues with synthesizing biocompatible drug containers and releasing the pharmaceutical compounds at the targeted location with a controlled time rate. In this work, we present experimentally-validated acoustic-thermoelastic mathematical modeling to show the feasibility of using shape memory polymers (SMPs) and focused ultrasound (FU) technology for designing a novel drug-delivery system. SMPs represent a new class of materials that have the ability of storing a temporary shape and returning to their permanent or original shape when subjected to external stimuli such as heat. FU is used as a trigger for noninvasively stimulating SMP-based drug capsules. FU has a superior capability to localize the heating effect, thus initiating the shape recovery process only in selected parts of the polymer. A multiphysics model is developed, which optimizes the design of a SMP-based CDD system using acoustic-thermoelastic analysis of a filament as the constituting base structure and quantifies its activation through FU. The analytical and numerical models are divided into three parts. The first part studies the acoustic behavior of SMPs using Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) model. The equation solves for acoustic pressure field in a hybrid time-frequency domain using operator-splitting method and examines the effects of absorption, diffraction and nonlinear distortion on the propagating wave in the medium. The second part provides a numerical model based on Penne’s Bioheat equation to estimate the thermal field developed in SMPs as a result of focused acoustic pressure field. The third part provides a numerical framework to predict the mechanical stresses developed in SMPs under FU and consequent shape recovery. The mechanical model is formulated by a compressible neo-Hookean constitutive equation, which assumes the SMPs behave as a thermoelastic material and predicts the shape memory effect under FU. Experimental validation is performed using a FU transducer in a water tank. The recovery of thermally responsive SMPs under FU predicted by our model shows a good accordance with the experiments. The modeling results are used to optimize parameters such as nonlinear properties, input frequency, source power and dimensional effects to achieve maximum shape recovery.

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