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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical plants – Management

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Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical plants – Management'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical plants – Management"

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Leggett, David J. "Management of chemical plants using chemical compatibility information." Process Safety Progress 16, no. 1 (1997): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.680160106.

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Yang, Hong. "Internationalize hazard management of China’s chemical plants." Nature 569, no. 7755 (May 2019): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-01455-5.

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NAKAMURA, Masayoshi. "A Concept of Safety Management on Chemical Plants." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 21, no. 3 (2016): 3_32–3_38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.21.3_32.

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Ko, Heung Seok. "A Study on the Management of Facilities Handling Hazardous Chemicals Using Smart Ecological Factory in Chemical Industry: Smart Management of Chemicals in the Chemical Industry." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 18, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2022.18.2.41.

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Since 2020, the Korea Environment Corporation has been pushing for a "smart ecological factory construction project" that supports consulting, facility installation, and improvement so that manufacturing plants, which account for the largest proportion of pollutants, can comprehensively promote greenhouse gas reduction and energy and resource efficiency. Smart ecological plants can increase carbon neutrality and energy efficiency by utilizing advanced technologies, but first of all, they must meet the current standards for treatment facilities under the Chemical Substance Management Act. The Chemical Substance Management Act should also be utilized, but the contents of facilities and systems that can prevent chemical accidents with advanced technology should be included in the law or standards. It is also necessary to closely examine whether such technology is safe. The purpose of this study is to review safe and efficient management of hazardous chemical handling facilities such as enhancing the applicability of smart facilities and smart systems and deriving stable operation plans for the chemical industry.

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Song, Jiang, Zheng, Kong, Zhao, and Shen. "Dynamic Semi-Quantitative Risk Research in Chemical Plants." Processes 7, no. 11 (November 12, 2019): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110849.

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When a major accident occurs in a chemical industry park, it directly affects the personal safety of operators and neighboring residents and causes major losses; therefore, we should take measures to strengthen the management of chemical industry parks. This article proposes and analyzes a new dynamic semi-quantitative risk calculation model for chemical plants that can be applied digitally. This model provides a sustainable, standardized, and comprehensive management strategy for the safety management of chemical plants and chemical industry park managers. The model and its determined parameters were applied to the safety management of chemical companies within the chemical industry park of Quzhou, Zhejiang Province. From the point of view of the existing semi-quantitative model, the existing problems of the current model are analyzed, the current model is optimized, and a new dynamic semi-quantitative calculation model scheme is proposed. The new model uses an analytical hierarchy process targeting the factors affecting the risks in chemical plants, and chemical plant semi-quantitative dynamic calculation system consisting of the operator, process/equipment, risk, building environment, safety management, and domino effect, and the comprehensive risk of the chemical plant was calculated. The model is ultimately a real-time quantitative value, but its calculation process can compare and analyze the causes of high risk in a chemical plant as they relate to these six factors. Its implementation requires only software, which will greatly help chemical plant safety management.

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Tamboli, Firoj Allauddin, Priti Chandrakant Kokate, Arbaz Rahimoddin Shaikh, Anilkumar Jalinder Shinde, Ajay Namdeo, and Kamal Alaskar. "Important medicinal plants for management of psoriasis." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 9, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.021.

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Medicinal plants are an important and unique source of medicines. Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition where the skin develops areas that become thick and covered with silvery scales. For psoriasis treatment, topical chemical agents are applied in spite of inefficient effects or less effectiveness but medicinal plants can be one of the alternative methods. The commonly used herbs in psoriasis disease are Aloe vera, Turmeric, and Neem.

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HAYASHI, Yoshio. "Human factor in industrial safety. Safety management of chemical plants." Japanese journal of ergonomics 23, no. 4 (1987): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.23.209.

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Grossel, Stanley S. "Management of changes in chemical plants: learning from case histories." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 7, no. 1 (January 1994): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-4230(94)80019-7.

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Kalustian, Peter. "Productivity management in oil, fat and chemical derivative processing plants." Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 63, no. 1 (January 1986): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02676125.

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Percival, Glynn. "Induction of Systemic Acquired Disease Resistance in Plants: Potential Implications for Disease Management in Urban Forestry." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 27, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2001.020.

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Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is the phenomenon whereby a plant's own defense mechanisms are induced by prior treatment with either a biological or chemical agent. The concept of SAR has been widely recognized and studied for the past 100 years in relation to increasing resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens of economically important crop plants. The use of SAR as part of a disease management strategy in relation to urban forestry has received little scientific investigation despite offering some potential for tree pathogen control. The objectives of this paper are to discuss the concepts of SAR and, where applicable, indicate how SAR may be incorporated into a disease management system by urban foresters. Areas discussed include historical background, persistence of SAR, mechanisms of SAR, induction of SAR by biological organisms and chemicals, interplanting with flowering woody plants to promote an SAR response, and SAR in woody plants.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical plants – Management"

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Chua, Eng Sway. "Integrated management system for multi-purpose batch chemical plants." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7880.

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Pennington, Daniel. "Chemical facility preparedness a comprehensive approach." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FPennington.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security And Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Ted Lewis. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88). Also available in print.

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Dearness, Wayne John. "Lubrication audit of chemical process plant." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36093/1/36093_Dearness_1999.pdf.

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A structured lubrication management model for the effective lubrication auditing of chemical process plant has been developed, and is complemented in this report by a chemical process plant lubrication audit case study and field investigation that examines chronic long-term lubrication problems and failures of process plant machinery. The principal aim of this report is to increase the awareness of chemical process industry personnel in identifying and resolving their lubrication requirements through effective long-term lubrication management. The report provides the vehicle and appropriate methods to identify, investigate and implement sound lubrication management practices through lubrication auditing. The benefits of lubrication management and the process of lubrication auditing outlined in the report pertain to the selection, purchase, storage, dispensing, use, disposal and control of lubricants . The lubrication audit benefits are often not recognised nor clearly understood by the majority of company staff, particularly those staff responsible for plant lubrication. The potential exists for chemical process companies to raise the awareness of staff in lubrication related matters and increase plant efficiency, reliability and profitability through effective lubrication management practices identified by sound lubrication auditing.

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Curtis, Amanda N. "Non-target Impacts of Chemical Management for Invasive Plants on Lithobates Pipiens Tadpoles." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1416525356.

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Cebon, Peter Bernard. "When the chemistry is right : a study of work organization and change in two chemical plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11721.

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Bailey, D. A. "Chemical Height Control of Florists' Hydrangeas." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215854.

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XE-1019 (2 foliar sprays of 10, 2Q or 30 mg-liter⁻¹) was applied to plants of Hydrangea macrophylla Ser. 'Rose Supreme' during greenhouse forcing. Doses applied resulted in excessive reductions in shoot elongation and inflorescence diameters and delayed anthesis. Shoot growth was reduced with increasing XE-1019 concentration. Shoot length was reduced 46 %; stem dry weight was reduced 31 %; leaf area per shoot was reduced 44 %; inflorescence height was cut by 45 %; and inflorescence mass was reduced 48% with the 30 mg-liter⁻¹ XE-1019 treatment. Specific leaf weight increased with increased XE -1019 concentration (192% increase with the 30 mg-liter⁻¹ treatment) resulting in thicker leaves at anthesis. XE-1019 is an effective height control agent for florists' hydrangeas, and shows significant activity at very low (less than 0.2 mg a.i. per plant) doses.

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Bailey, D. A., and W. B. Miller. "Chemical Growth Retardant Effects on Easter Lilies." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215853.

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Plants of Lilium longiflontm Thunb. 'Nellie White' recei,yed the following treatments during forcing: 1) control; 2-3) gne or two sprays of 50 mg-liter ancymidol 4-9) one or two sprays of 5, la, or 15 mg-liter XE-1019; or 10) one spray of 20 mg-liter XE-1019. All growth retardant treatments reduced plant height compared to controls. Plant height decreased linearly with increasing concentration of XE-1019 for both one- and two-spray treatments. High concentrations of XE-1019 delayed anthesis; ancymidol treatments did not. Individual corolla length was not affected by treatments. Treatments did not affect daughter bulb depletion or new daughter bulb growth. Total leaf area and leaf dry weight decreased as XE-1019 concentration increased; ancymidol treatments did not affect leaf area, but did reduce leaf dry weight. Leaf total soluble carbohydrate decreased with increasing concentration of XE-1019.

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Kordic, Savo. "Alarm management: Mining for groups of co-occuring alarm tags." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/440.

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The safety and profitability of chemical plants depend on the performance of alarm systems. However, a variety of contributing factors such as over-alarming, a lack of configuration management practices and a reduction in staffing levels due to budget constraints, has often led to the degradation of these systems. Consequently, in many emergency situations excessive numbers of inappropriate alarms are generated, making the alarm system very difficult to use in the situations where it is most urgently needed. Plant personnel carry out periodic alarm rationalisation exercises to address this situation. However, these are manual processes which are very labour intensive and costly. Nowadays, large industrial processes such as chemical plants and petroleum refineries have databases with the ability to store terabytes of data. While it is possible to manually extract the information required for alarm rationalization, the extensive quantity and complexity of data has made the analysis and decomposition a very laborious task. This research presents a novel approach to support alarm analysis by extracting relationships of alarm points from alarm databases in a cost-effective way. To reduce the search space, this research proposes a method of context-based data extraction associated with co-occurrences of alarm tags, which takes advantage of local event-based segmentation. It also introduces filtering strategies that incorporates domain specific concepts to remove spurious data points, before the standard data mining algorithm is applied to discover frequent episodes from alarm sequences. Unlike previous work where mining thresholds were arbitrarily chosen first, prior to data mining, this project also proposed a data-driven approach for deriving “adaptive” thresholds that are more relevant to the context of the analysis and which are then used for guiding the data mining process. Since frequency distribution of typical chemical plant alarm data is skewed (J-shaped) owing to the presence of nuisance alarms, a relatively high support value used in data mining may result in a situation where interesting patterns with a low number of occurrences may be missed. On the other hand, if the support threshold is too low then the collection of all generated patterns and rules could be too large for the user to comprehend.Evaluation of the proposed approach involved employing the developed techniques/tools for diagnosing alarm problems in historical alarm data obtained from a Vinyl Acetate process model simulation, and also in data from a real plant. The first challenge was to obtain accurate information about relationships between 27 alarm tags in the simulated datasets, and then the final stage of evaluation used real plant data with more than one hundred individual alarm tags. The proposed approach was designed as an interactive exploration tool for the purpose of analysing data to find groupings of co-occurring alarm tags and improving presentation of alarm information. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach found patterns from the simulated data sets which can be validated against the Vinyl Acetate Model. Analysis of the real plant data also extracted some interesting patterns with low frequency of occurrences. Since the developed approach can carry out the main bulk of the tedious tasks of analysis, the proposed approach is very cost effective as the cost of computer time is very cheap compared to that of a process engineer.

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Mancino, C. F., D. M. Kopec, and L. Salo. "The Influence of Gypsum on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Turfgrass Soils." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215850.

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Bean, Travis M. "Tools for Improved Management of Buffelgrass in the Sonoran Desert." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/325503.

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Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) is an invasive, perennial, C₄ bunchgrass. Buffelgrass has a rapid invasion rate, a tendency to displace native vegetation, and presents a fire risk to native plant communities, adjacent developed areas and their associated infrastructure. Mechanical control is impractical and unable to keep pace with regional spread. Chemical control has offered the most promise for successful and cost-effective management on a regional scale. The predominant herbicide used to control buffelgrass is glyphosate, which requires active vegetative growth when applied for optimum uptake and translocation to meristematic tissue. The timing and duration of active growth is difficult to predict. In this dissertation I addressed three related topics to improve effectiveness of buffelgrass management in the Sonoran Desert. First, I used digital time-lapse photography and weather data to predict the timing and length of future active growth based on day of year and antecedent weather at three sites in the Sonoran Desert near Tucson, AZ that were representative of habitats currently infested by buffelgrass in the region. I was able to correctly predict greenness above or below a threshold of herbicide susceptibility at 81 to 95% for a basin floor site and at 61-88% for slope sites. Second, I evaluated the effects of different rates of two herbicides (imazapic and clethodim), alone or in combination with different rates of glyphosate, for pre- (imazapic only) and postemergence control of buffelgrass. I found a minimum glyphosate application rate of 2.52 kg ae ha⁻¹ glyphosate consistently killed mature buffelgrass plants; clethodim at had no effect on mature buffelgrass; and imazapyr was successful in killing mature plants when applied during the dormant season at 0.56 kg ae ha⁻¹ and provided preemergence control. Imazapic severely damaged but did not kill mature buffelgrass plants at the maximum label rate of 0.21 kg ae ha⁻¹. Finally, we evaluated results from a helicopter broadcast herbicide application trial conducted in the Tucson Mountains. We demonstrated that most species and life forms were less affected than buffelgrass to glyphosate deposition rates achieved in the study, but asserted that procedural changes were necessary to achieve effective buffelgrass control.

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Books on the topic "Chemical plants – Management"

1

Tweeddale, Mark. Managing risk and reliability of process plants. Amsterdam: Gulf Professional, 2003.

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Tweeddale, Mark. Managing risk and reliability of process plants. Burlington, MA: Gulf Professional Pub., 2004.

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Kenney, William F. Process risk management systems. New York: VCH Publishers, 1993.

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American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Center for Chemical Process Safety., ed. Guidelines for technical management of chemical process safety. New York, NY: Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1989.

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Jouko, Suokas, and Rouhiainen Veikko, eds. Quality management of safety and risk analysis. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993.

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Management of change in chemical plants: Learning from case histories. Oxford [England]: Boston, 1993.

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Guidelines for auditing process safety management systems. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2011.

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Rangaiah, Gade Pandu. Plant-wide control: Recent developments and applications. Hoboken: Wiley, 2012.

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Sam, Samdani G., ed. Safety and risk management tools and techniques in the CPI. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.

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R, Greenberg Harris, Cramer Joseph J, and Stone and Webster Engineering Corporation., eds. Risk assessment and risk management for the chemical process industry. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical plants – Management"

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Dubey, Rachana, Dipak Kumar Gupta, and Gulshan Kumar Sharma. "Chemical Stress on Plants." In New Frontiers in Stress Management for Durable Agriculture, 101–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1322-0_7.

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Golwalkar, Kiran R. "Smooth Running of the Production Plants." In Production Management of Chemical Industries, 287–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28253-4_16.

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Newman, Jonathan R., and F. Hugh Dawson. "Ecology, distribution and chemical control of Hydrocotyle ranunculoides in the U.K." In Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Plants, 295–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_42.

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Sancaktar, Selim. "“Living PRA” Concept for Risk Management of Nuclear and Chemical Processing Plants." In Risk Assessment and Management, 201–4. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6443-7_22.

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Moreira, I., A. Monteiro, and E. Sousa. "Chemical control of common reed (Phragmites australis) by foliar herbicides under different spray conditions." In Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Plants, 299–304. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_43.

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Kim, Jaehyun, Jaeyeol Lee, Kiyoung Kim, Yunhwa Kim, and Jongbae Baek. "Development of Management of Change(MOC) Software for Small and Medium Sized Chemical Plants." In Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, 2687–92. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-410-4_430.

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Hamid, M. Wagdi Abdel, A. A. Shiha, E. E. Kaoud, and S. M. Metwally. "Effect of soil management on some physical and chemical properties of salt-affected soil." In Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants, 399–405. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1860-6_46.

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Zhong, Shaobo, Yi Liu, Fei Wang, and QuanYi Huang. "Study on the Application of GIS in Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Hazardous Chemical Plants." In Geo-Informatics in Resource Management and Sustainable Ecosystem, 160–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41908-9_16.

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Bruzzone, Agostino, Francesco Longo, Marina Massei, Letizia Nicoletti, Matteo Agresta, Riccardo Di Matteo, Giovanni Luca Maglione, Giuseppina Murino, and Antonio Padovano. "Disasters and Emergency Management in Chemical and Industrial Plants: Drones Simulation for Education and Training." In Modelling and Simulation for Autonomous Systems, 301–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47605-6_25.

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Harkness, N. "Sampling and Analysis of Sludges and Soils in England and Wales for the Management of Agricultural Utilisation of Sewage Sludge." In Sampling Problems for the Chemical Analysis of Sludge, Soils and Plants, 18–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-8111-2_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical plants – Management"

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Pavlenko, E. N., A. E. Pavlenko, and M. V. Dolzhikova. "Safety Management Problems of Chemical Plants." In 2020 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fareastcon50210.2020.9271477.

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Setiartiti, Lilies, and Muhammad Hisjam. "Implementation and institutional development for solar power plants management in Yogyakarta, Indonesia." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL, MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5098274.

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Ma, Xin, and Yi Xie. "Practice of RBI in Refinery and Chemical Plants of China." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78675.

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An overview of Risk-based Inspection (RBI) practice in Refinery and Chemical Plants of China is presented in this paper, including methodology review and research, pilot project, comprehensive implementation, regulations and standards development. The interest for RBI in China resulted from a need for improved safety, cost control and more effective management of inspections. Since 2000, several inspection institutes and universities took the initiative and started working on research and development of an appropriate RBI implementation in China. Several researches and pilot projects during the last few years led to a progressive acceptance of the RBI technique in the country. The results of these projects are new improved regulations on pressure vessel and piping safety techniques, which have been formally approved. The regulations are accompanied by standards on pressure equipment damage mechanism identification and RBI implementation guidance, which are been preparing by CSEI, HGMRI and JSSEI. RBI studies for almost 300 process plant units have already been conducted in China. This paper also presents the RBI methodology and software ORBIT Onshore which has been used in a significant number of RBI studies in China.

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Tsivka, K., Aleksandr Popov, M. Hafez, M. Rashad, and Natalya Kovaleva. "MAIN WAYS TO OPTIMIZE THE CULTIVATED PLANT PRODUCTIVITY ON LAND LIABLE TO DEGRADATION." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1684.978-5-317-06490-7/96-100.

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The purpose of this publication was to describe the main ways to optimize the productive process of cultivated plants on land subject to degradation. There are three kinds of correction: physical, chemical and biological. Biological correction is new way to optimize the production process of crops, which is a set of methods of directive effect on plant biology. The key points and essence of biological correction are considered. One of the most effective and economically justified methods of biological correction of plant productivity is non-root treatment of crops by humic substances (HSs) solutions, especially those containing essential macro-and microelements. Such treatments can reduce the negative effects of projected global climate change (excessive UV-B radiation, drought, etc.) on agricultural plants. As confirmation, the results of a field experiment conducted in the arid territory of Egypt are presented. Means of biological correction, such as: Azospirillum sp., vermicompost and HSs solutions (without and with trace elements) were very effective, they increased (more than 2.5 times!) the yield of wheat grain. Thus, to obtain a consistently high crop yield on land subject to degradation, especially in changing climatic conditions, it is necessary to apply three kinds of correction: physical, chemical and biological. Both physical correction and chemical one create the necessary conditions for the growth and development of plants, and biological correction "forces" plants to show their reserve functions, contributing to an additional increase in crop yield.

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Almon, Walter S. "Pressure Vessel Management: A Plant Perspective." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3018.

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This paper addresses a methodology to maintain pressure vessels per ASME Section VIII, Division 1 Code and jurisdictional requirements, for new and existing pressure vessels. The pressure vessels discussed are drums, towers, shell & tube heat exchangers, and air-cooled exchangers, all designed and built per ASME Section VIII, Division 1. The methodology applies to vessels in refineries, gas plants, oilfield facilities, and chemical plants. Vessel adequacy is maintained via Codes, non-destructive testing, materials, inspection, company standards, welding procedures, inspection/maintenance standards, and jurisdictional requirements. Unique maintenance software, “PVCalc”, can aid in vessel calculations, to calculate the pressure rating, and remaining life, per the original edition of the Code under which the vessel was built. New vessel designs should be thoroughly reviewed, as the author’s experience over the last eight years is that approximately 65 to 80 percent of all vessel designs contain design errors (mostly minor) per ASME Code.

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Hoffmann, Martin, Ingmar Koischwitz, and Jörg Viermann. "New Construction of an In-Drum Drying Plant in the Central Decontamination and Water Treatment Facility (ZDW)." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96170.

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During the operation and dismantling of nuclear plants, a variety of radioactive liquid wastes accumulate, which must be supplied to a disposal chain suitable for final disposal. In the initial conditioning step, with regard to their chemical properties these waste waters are usually adjusted by water treatment systems (predominantly evaporation facilities) permanently installed in nuclear power plants, and then, they are concentrated up to a predefined content of solids. Afterwards, the developing evaporator concentrate is desiccated locally and suitable for final disposal by own permanently installed conditioning installations or by means of mobile plants. For a mobile conditioning of evaporator concentrates, GNS uses the drying plant of the type FAVORIT proven over decades. Each of the mobile FAVORIT processing plants is provided with a handling licence for Germany valid nationwide according to § 7 of the German Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV).

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Han, Fengxiang, Safwan Shiyab, Yi Su, David L. Monts, Charles A. Waggoner, and Frank B. Matta. "Bioavailability and Stability of Mercury Sulfide in Armuchee (USA) Soil." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7122.

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Because of the adverse effects of elemental mercury and mercury compounds upon human health, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is engaged in an on-going effort to monitor and remediate mercury-contaminated DOE sites. In order to more cost effectively implement those extensive remediation efforts, it is necessary to obtain an improved understanding of the role that mercury and mercury compounds play in the ecosystem. We have conducted pilot scale experiments to study the bioavailability of mercury sulfide in an Armuchee (eastern US) soil. The effects of plants and incubation time on chemical stability and bioavailability of HgS under simulated conditions of the ecosystem have been examined, as has the dynamics of the dissolution of mercury sulfide by various extractants. The results show that mercury sulfide in contaminated Armuchee soil was still to some extent bioavailable to plants. After planting, soil mercury sulfide is more easily dissolved by both 4 M and 12 M nitric acid than pure mercury sulfide reagent. Dissolution kinetics of soil mercury sulfide and pure chemical reagent by nitric acid are different. Mercury release by EDTA from HgS-contaminated soil increased with time of reaction and soil mercury level. Chelating chemicals increase the solubility and bioavailability of mercury in HgS-contaminated soil.

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Bocharnikova, E. "THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ENHANCED PLANT TOLERANCE TO ABIOTIC STRESSES UNDER APPLICATION OF SILICON SUBSTANCES." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1695.978-5-317-06490-7/141-144.

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Laboratory and field experiments evidence that silicon fertilizers contribute to plant tolerance to unfavorable growth conditions: drought, frost, salinity, heavy metal contamination, and others. Silicon-induced underlying mechanisms include thickening of the epidermal layer, enhanced root system development, chemical stability of the DNA, RNA, and chlorophyll molecules, improved transport and redistribution of elements, as well as activation of defense system in plants against oxidative damage. Application of Si fertilizers and biostimulators promoted reducing crop losses and increasing yield of rice, wheat, barley, soya, potatoes and others under drought and frost conditions.

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Nopper, Helmut, Roland Ro¨ßner, and Andre´ Zander. "Aging and Plant Life Management with the Software Tool COMSY." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89597.

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Within the scope of PLEX, a systematic and efficient ageing and plant life management system is becoming more and more important to ensure a safe and economical power plant operation in spite of continuous plant ageing. For the methodical implementation of PLIM & PLEX strategies, AREVA NP has developed the software tool COMSY. This knowledge-based program integrates degradation analysis tools with an inspection data management system. COMSY provides the capability to establish a program guided technical documentation by utilizing a virtual plant model which includes information regarding thermal hydraulic operation, water chemical conditions and materials applied for mechanical components. It provides the option to perform a plant-wide screening for identifying system areas, which are sensitive for degradation mechanisms typically experienced in nuclear power plants (FAC, corrosion fatigue, IGSCC, Pitting, etc.). If a system area is identified as being susceptible to degradation, a detailed analysis function enables the condition-oriented service life evaluation of vessels and piping systems in order to localize and conservatively quantify the effect of degradation. Based on these forecasts with COMSY, specific strategies can be developed to mitigate the effect of degradation and inspection activities can be focused on degradation sensitive areas. In addition, a risk-informed assessment tool serves to optimize inspection activities in respect to degradation potential and the associated damage consequence. After an in-service inspection is performed for a distinct location, the inspection data is to be evaluated according to generally accepted procedures. For this purpose an integrated inspection data management system module provides standardized, interactively operated evaluation functions. The key inspection results are transmitted as feedback in respect to the as-is condition of the component. Subsequently, all further life evaluations of the associated component are calibrated against the inspection results. The compiled condition-oriented knowledge provides the basis for a continuous optimization resulting in tailored inspection and maintenance programs geared to the specific plant. The systematic closed loop process ensures the generation of up-to-date plant documentation relating to the technical as-is status of the plant, as all the data involved in the process are compiled in a “living” documentation structure. The implementation of COMSY in various nuclear power plants has confirmed that systematic plant life management makes good economic sense, as cost reductions can be achieved while increasing the plants availability.

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Lo Frano, R., F. Pilo, and D. Aquaro. "Application of PHADEC Method for the Decontamination of Radioactive Steam Piping Components." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96252.

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The dismantling of nuclear plants is a complex activity that originates often a large quantity of radioactive contaminated residue. In this paper the attention was focused on the PHADEC (PHosphoric Acid DEContamination) plant adopted for the clearance of Caorso NPP (in Italy) metallic systems and components contaminated by Co60 (produced by the neutron capture in the iron materials), like the main steam lines, moisture separator of the turbine buildings, etc. The PHADEC plant consists in a chemical off line treatment: the crud, deposited along the steam piping during life plant as an example, is removed by means of acid attacks in ponds coupled to a high pressure water washing. Due to the fact that the removed contaminated layers, essentially, iron oxides of various chemical composition, depend on components geometry, type of contamination and time of treatment in the PHADEC plant, it becomes of meaningful importance to suggest a procedure capable to improve the control of the PHADEC process parameters. This study aimed thus at the prediction and optimization of the mentioned treatment time in order to improve the efficiency of the plant itself and to achieve, in turn, the minimization of produced wastes. To the purpose an experimental campaign was carried out by analysing several samples, i.e. taken along the main steam piping line. Smear tests as well as metallographic analyses were carried out in order to determine respectively the radioactivity distribution and the crud composition on the inner surface of the components. Moreover the radioactivity in the crud thickness was measured. These values allowed finally to correlate the residence time in the acid attack ponds to the level of the achieved decontamination.

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Reports on the topic "Chemical plants – Management"

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Phillips, Donald A., Yitzhak Spiegel, and Howard Ferris. Optimizing nematode management by defining natural chemical bases of behavior. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587234.bard.

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This project was based on the hypothesis that nematodes interacting with plants as either parasites or beneficial saprophytes are attracted to their host by natural products. This concept was supported by numerous observations that parasitic nematodes are attracted to root exudates. Our overall goal was to identify nematode sensory compounds from root exudates and to use that information for reducing nematicide applications. We applied skills of the investigators to achieve three specific objectives: 1) Identify nematode behavioral cues (e.g., attractants or repellents) in root exudates; 2) Identify new natural nematicidal compounds; and 3) Combine a natural attractant and a nematicide into a nematode trap. Because saprophytic nematodes benefit plants by mineralizing organic matter, we sought compounds attractive primarily to parasitic nematodes. The project was constructed on several complementary foundations. First, data from Dr. Spiegel’s lab showed that under aseptic conditions Ditylenchus dipsaci, a parasite on onion, is attracted to certain fractions of onion root exudates. Second, PI Phillips had a sizeable collection of natural plant products he had identified from previous work on Rhizobium-legume interactions, which could be tested “off the shelf”. Third, Dr. Ferris had access to aseptic and natural populations of various saprophytic and parasitic nematodes. The project focused on five nematode species: D.dipsaci, Heterodera avenae, and Tylenchulussemipenetransat ARO, and Meloidogyne javanicand Caenorhabditis elegans at UCD. Ten pure plant compounds, mostly flavonoids, were tested on the various nematode species using six different assay systems. Results obtained with assorted test systems and by various scientists in the same test systems were essentially irreproducible. Many convincing, Many convincing, i.e. statistically significant, results in one system or with one investigator could not be repeated with other assays or different people. A recent report from others found that these compounds, plus another 30, were inactive as attractants in three additional parasitic nematode species (Wuyts et al. Nematology 8:89- 101, 2006). Assays designed to test the hypothesis that several compounds together are required to attract nematodes have thus far failed to find a reproducibly active combination. In contrast to results using pure plant compounds, complex unfractionated exudates from aseptic onion root reproducibly attracted D. dipsaci in both the ARO and UCD labs. Onion root exudate collection, separation into HPLC fractions, assays using D. dipsaci and MS-MS experiments proceeded collaboratively between ARO and UCD without any definitive identification of an active compound. The final active fraction contained two major molecules and traces of several other compounds. In the end, analytical studies were limited by the amount of onion root exudate and the complexity of the purification process. These tests showed that aseptic plant roots release attractant molecules, but whether nematodes influence that release, as insects trigger release of attractants from plants, is unknown. Related experiments showed that the saprophyte C. elegans stimulates its prey, Pseudomonas bacteria, to increase production of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) a compound that promotes amino acid exudation by plant roots. It is thus possible that saprophytic nematodes are attracted primarily to their bacterial or fungal prey and secondarily to effects of those microorganisms on root exudation. These observations offer promising avenues for understanding root-zone interactions, but no direct routes to controlling nematodes in agriculture were evident. Extracts from two plant sources, Chrysanthemum coronarium and Sequoia sempervirens, showed nematicidal activity at ARO and UCD, respectively. Attempts to purify an active compound from S. sempervirens failed, but preliminary results from C. coronarium are judged to form a potential basis for further work at ARO. These results highlight the problems of studying complex movement patterns in sentient organisms like nematodes and the issues associated with natural product isolation from complex mixtures. Those two difficulties combined with complications now associated with obtaining US visas, slowed and ultimately limited progress on this project. As a result, US investigators expended only 65% of the $207,400 originally planned for this project. The Israeli side of the project advanced more directly toward its scientific goals and lists its expenditures in the customary financial report.

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Bar-Tal, Asher, Paul R. Bloom, Pinchas Fine, C. Edward Clapp, Aviva Hadas, Rodney T. Venterea, Dan Zohar, Dong Chen, and Jean-Alex Molina. Effects of soil properties and organic residues management on C sequestration and N losses. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587729.bard.

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Objectives - The overall objective of this proposal was to explore the effects of soil properties and management practices on C sequestration in soils and off-site losses of N.The specific objectives were: 1. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on C transformations that follow OW decomposition, C losses by gaseous emission, and its sequestration by organic and mineral components of the soil; 2. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on organic N mineralization and transformations in soil, its losses by leaching and gaseous emission; 3. to investigate and to quantify the effects of management practices and plants root activity and decomposition on C and N transformations; and 4. to upgrade the models NCSOIL and NCSWAP to include inorganic C and root exudation dynamics. The last objective has not been fulfilled due to difficulties in experimentally quantification of the effects of soil inorganic component on root exudation dynamics. Objective 4 was modified to explore the ability of NCSOIL to simulate organic matter decomposition and N transformations in non- and calcareous soils. Background - Rates of decomposition of organic plant residues or organic manures in soil determine the amount of carbon (C), which is mineralized and released as CO₂ versus the amount of C that is retained in soil organic matter (SOM). Decomposition rates also greatly influence the amount of nitrogen (N) which becomes available for plant uptake, is leached from the soil or lost as gaseous emission, versus that which is retained in SOM. Microbial decomposition of residues in soil is strongly influenced by soil management as well as soil chemical and physical properties and also by plant roots via the processes of mineral N uptake, respiration, exudation and decay.

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Ermold, L. F., D. A. Knecht, G. W. Hogg, and A. L. Olson. Technology development program for Idaho Chemical Processing Plant spent fuel and waste management. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/142493.

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Horton, David, Victoria Soroker, Peter Landolt, and Anat Zada Byers. Characterization and Chemistry of Sexual Communication in Two Psyllid Pests of Pears (Homoptera: Psyllidae). United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592653.bard.

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Pear-feeding psyllids in the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) are among the most important arthropod pests of pears worldwide. These pests are exceedingly difficult to control, and new management tools are needed. Sex attractantpheromones have been used in IPM programs for pests of pome fruits (especially Lepidoptera), but not as yet for pest Hemiptera. Results of the current project showed that males of two psyllid pests of pears, Cacopsylla bidens (Israel) and Cacopsylla pyricola (North America), use volatile or semi-volatile compounds to locate female psyllids for mating. For both species, the attractants can be collected from the cuticle of females by washing live female psyllids with an appropriate solvent. Analysis of these washes by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry led to the following discoveries: Psyllid cuticles contain a mix of hydrocarbons, straight chain and branched alkanes, and long chain aldehydes The two species have different chemical profiles Chemical profiles change seasonally and with reproductive status Chemical profiles differ between male and reproductive female psyllids Several specific compounds found to be more abundant in attractive females than males were identified and synthesized. Behavioral assays (olfactometer) were then used to determine whether these compounds were attractive to males. Two compounds showed promise as attractants for male psyllids: 7-methylheptacosane (C. bidens) and 13-methylheptacosane (C. pyricola and C. bidens). These are the first sex attractantpheromones identified for any psyllid species. Field tests showed that the chemicals could be used to attract males under orchard conditions, but that effectiveness in the field appeared to be seasonally variable. Future research plans include: (a) test mixtures of compounds; (b) explore seasonality in field response to compounds; (c) determine whether chirality of the two compounds affects their attractiveness; and (d) compare different types of traps and release devices to optimize lure performance.

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C.W. McMahon. Chemical Safety Management Program for Lockheed Martin Energy Systems operations at the Y-12 Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/757331.

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Lieth, J. Heiner, Michael Raviv, and David W. Burger. Effects of root zone temperature, oxygen concentration, and moisture content on actual vs. potential growth of greenhouse crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586547.bard.

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Soilless crop production in protected cultivation requires optimization of many environmental and plant variables. Variables of the root zone (rhizosphere) have always been difficult to characterize but have been studied extensively. In soilless production the opportunity exists to optimize these variables in relation to crop production. The project objectives were to model the relationship between biomass production and the rhizosphere variables: temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and water availability by characterizing potential growth and how this translates to actual growth. As part of this we sought to improve of our understanding of root growth and rhizosphere processes by generating data on the effect of rhizosphere water status, temperature and dissolved oxygen on root growth, modeling potential and actual growth and by developing and calibrating models for various physical and chemical properties in soilless production systems. In particular we sought to use calorimetry to identify potential growth of the plants in relation to these rhizosphere variables. While we did experimental work on various crops, our main model system for the mathematical modeling work was greenhouse cut-flower rose production in soil-less cultivation. In support of this, our objective was the development of a Rose crop model. Specific to this project we sought to create submodels for the rhizosphere processes, integrate these into the rose crop simulation model which we had begun developing prior to the start of this project. We also sought to verify and validate any such models and where feasible create tools that growers could be used for production management. We made significant progress with regard to the use of microcalorimetry. At both locations (Israel and US) we demonstrated that specific growth rate for root and flower stem biomass production were sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Our work also identified that it is possible to identify optimal potential growth scenarios and that for greenhouse-grown rose the optimal root zone temperature for potential growth is around 17 C (substantially lower than is common in commercial greenhouses) while flower production growth potential was indifferent to a range as wide as 17-26C in the root zone. We had several set-backs that highlighted to us the fact that work needs to be done to identify when microcalorimetric research relates to instantaneous plant responses to the environment and when it relates to plant acclimation. One outcome of this research has been our determination that irrigation technology in soilless production systems needs to explicitly include optimization of oxygen in the root zone. Simply structuring the root zone to be “well aerated” is not the most optimal approach, but rather a minimum level. Our future work will focus on implementing direct control over dissolved oxygen in the root zone of soilless production systems.

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MacDonell, M., M. Maxey, J. Peterson, and I. Joya. Engineering evaluation/cost analysis for the proposed management of contaminated water impounded at the Weldon Spring chemical plant area. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6794658.

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Ștefănescu, Ruxandra, Eszter Laczkó-Zöld, Bianca-Eugenia Ősz, and Camil-Eugen Vari. An updated systematic review of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves: phytochemistry and pharmacology. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0029.

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Review question / Objective: This review aims to present the latest knowledge on the phytochemical profile as well as the therapeutic effects of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves. Background: The leaves are used in traditional medicine of different countries for the management of diabetes. Until date there are no relevant information, only assumptions regarding the compounds that are responsible for this effect Bilberry leaves are used in many countries in traditional medicine for treating a wide variety of diseases. Well documented in the literature, the influence of pedo-climatic conditions is an important factor that is responsible for the noticeable differences among the chemical composition of herbal drugs, and also the accumulation of different metals, having significant effects on the quality of plant products.

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Short, Mary, and Sherry Leis. Vegetation monitoring in the Manley Woods unit at Wilson’s Creek National Battleﬁeld: 1998–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293615.

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Natural resource management at Wilson’s Creek National Battleﬁeld (NB) is guided by our understanding of the woodlands and prairies at the time of the Civil War battle in 1861. This report is focused on the Manley Woods unit of the park. This unit is an oak-hickory woodland in the Springﬁeld Plain subsection of the Ozarks. Canopy closure for Missouri oak woodlands can be highly variable and ranges from 30–100% across the spectrum of savanna, open woodland, and closed woodland types. In 1861, the woodland was likely a savanna community. Changes in land use (e.g., ﬁre exclusion) caused an increase in tree density in woodlands at Wilson’s Creek NB and across the Ozarks. Savannas and open woodlands transitioned to closed canopy woodlands over time. Park management plans include restoring the area to a savanna/open woodland structure. Prescribed ﬁre was reintroduced to Wilson’s Creek NB in 1988 and continues as the primary mechanism for reducing the tree canopy. The Manley Woods unit of Wilson’s Creek NB has been subject to intense natural and anthropogenic disturbance events such as a tornado in 2003, timber removal in 2005, prescribed ﬁres in 2006, 2009, and 2019, an ice storm in 2007, and periodic drought. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (hereafter, Heartland Network) installed four permanent monitoring sites within the Manley Woods area of the park in 1997. Initially, we assessed ground ﬂora and regeneration within the sites (1998–1999). We added fuel sampling after the 2003 tornado. Although overstory sampling occurred prior to the tornado, the protocol was not yet stabilized and pre-2003 overstory data were not included in these analyses. In this report, we focus on the overstory, tree regeneration, and ground cover metrics; ground ﬂora data will be assessed in future analyses. Heartland Network monitoring data reveal that Manley Woods has undergone substantial change in canopy cover and midstory trees since 1998. While basal area and density metrics classify Manley Woods as an open woodland, the closed canopy of the midstory and overstory reveal a plant community that is moving toward closed woodland or forest structure. The most recent ﬁre in 2019 was patchy and mild, resulting in continued increases in fuels. Ground cover metrics indicate infrequent disturbance since leaf litter continued to increase. Management objectives to restore savanna or woodland composition and structure to the Manley Woods overstory, regeneration layer, and ground cover will require implementation of prescribed ﬁre in the future. Repeated ﬁres can thin midstory trees and limit less ﬁre tolerant early seral species. Additionally, mechanical or chemical treatments to reduce undesirable tree species should be considered for woodland restoration. Decreasing canopy closure is an important and essential step toward the restoration of a functioning savanna/open woodland plant community in Manley Woods. Treatments that thin the midstory and reduce fuel loading will also beneﬁt these plant communities. With the anticipated changing climate, maintaining an open woodland community type may also provide resilience through management for native species tolerant of increasingly warmer temperatures.

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Gurevitz, Michael, Michael E. Adams, and Boaz Shaanan. Structural Elements and Neuropharmacological Features Involved in the Insecticidal Properties of an Alpha Scorpion Neurotoxin: A Multidisciplinary Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7573061.bard.

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Integrated pest management in modern crop protection requires the use of chemical or biological insecticides in many instances. Nontheless, the use non-selective chemical insecticides poses risks to the environment and livestock and consequently urgent need exists for safer alternatives, which target insects more specifically. Scorpions produce anti-insect selective polypeptide toxins that are biodegradable and not toxic to wam-blooded animals. Therefore, mobilization of these substances into insect pest targets is of major interest. Moreover, clarification of the molecular basis of this selectivity may provide valuable information pertinent to their receptor sites and to the future design of peptidomimetic anti-insect specific substances. These toxins may also be important for reducing the current overuse of chamical insecticides provided they have a synergistic effect with conventional pesticides. All of these objectives were addressed in this research. A direct approach for plant protection was the mobilization of toxins into target pests using baculoviral vectors. The other approach was to develop a suitable system enabling the elucidation of the toxin bioactive site, which would enable design of insecticidal peptidomimetics. In parallel, the mode of action and synergistic effects of scorpion insecticidal toxins, were studied at the sodium channel receptor site. All the above approaches show great promise and clearly indicate that scorpion insecticidal toxins may provide powerful means in insect pest control.

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