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Chua, Eng Sway. "Integrated management system for multi-purpose batch chemical plants." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7880.
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Pennington, Daniel. "Chemical facility preparedness a comprehensive approach." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FPennington.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security And Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Ted Lewis. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88). Also available in print.
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Dearness, Wayne John. "Lubrication audit of chemical process plant." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36093/1/36093_Dearness_1999.pdf.
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A structured lubrication management model for the effective lubrication auditing of chemical
process plant has been developed, and is complemented in this report by a chemical process plant lubrication audit case study and field investigation that examines chronic long-term lubrication problems and failures of process plant machinery. The principal aim of this report is to increase the awareness of chemical process
industry personnel in identifying and resolving their lubrication requirements through effective long-term lubrication management. The report provides the vehicle and appropriate methods to identify, investigate and implement sound lubrication
management practices through lubrication auditing.
The benefits of lubrication management and the process of lubrication auditing outlined in the report pertain to the selection, purchase, storage, dispensing, use, disposal and control of lubricants . The lubrication audit benefits are often not recognised nor clearly understood by the majority of company staff, particularly those staff responsible for
plant lubrication. The potential exists for chemical process companies to raise the awareness of staff in lubrication related matters and increase plant efficiency, reliability and profitability through effective lubrication management practices identified by sound lubrication auditing.
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Curtis, Amanda N. "Non-target Impacts of Chemical Management for Invasive Plants on Lithobates Pipiens Tadpoles." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1416525356.
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Cebon, Peter Bernard. "When the chemistry is right : a study of work organization and change in two chemical plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11721.
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Bailey, D. A. "Chemical Height Control of Florists' Hydrangeas." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215854.
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XE-1019 (2 foliar sprays of 10, 2Q or 30 mg-liter⁻¹) was applied to plants of Hydrangea macrophylla Ser. 'Rose Supreme' during greenhouse forcing. Doses applied resulted in excessive reductions in shoot elongation and inflorescence diameters and delayed anthesis. Shoot growth was reduced with increasing XE-1019 concentration. Shoot length was reduced 46 %; stem dry weight was reduced 31 %; leaf area per shoot was reduced 44 %; inflorescence height was cut by 45 %; and inflorescence mass was reduced 48% with the 30 mg-liter⁻¹ XE-1019 treatment. Specific leaf weight increased with increased XE -1019 concentration (192% increase with the 30 mg-liter⁻¹ treatment) resulting in thicker leaves at anthesis. XE-1019 is an effective height control agent for florists' hydrangeas, and shows significant activity at very low (less than 0.2 mg a.i. per plant) doses.
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Bailey, D. A., and W. B. Miller. "Chemical Growth Retardant Effects on Easter Lilies." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215853.
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Plants of Lilium longiflontm Thunb. 'Nellie White' recei,yed the following treatments during forcing: 1) control; 2-3) gne or two sprays of 50 mg-liter ancymidol 4-9) one or two sprays of 5, la, or 15 mg-liter XE-1019; or 10) one spray of 20 mg-liter XE-1019. All growth retardant treatments reduced plant height compared to controls. Plant height decreased linearly with increasing concentration of XE-1019 for both one- and two-spray treatments. High concentrations of XE-1019 delayed anthesis; ancymidol treatments did not. Individual corolla length was not affected by treatments. Treatments did not affect daughter bulb depletion or new daughter bulb growth. Total leaf area and leaf dry weight decreased as XE-1019 concentration increased; ancymidol treatments did not affect leaf area, but did reduce leaf dry weight. Leaf total soluble carbohydrate decreased with increasing concentration of XE-1019.
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Kordic, Savo. "Alarm management: Mining for groups of co-occuring alarm tags." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/440.
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The safety and profitability of chemical plants depend on the performance of alarm systems. However, a variety of contributing factors such as over-alarming, a lack of configuration management practices and a reduction in staffing levels due to budget constraints, has often led to the degradation of these systems. Consequently, in many emergency situations excessive numbers of inappropriate alarms are generated, making the alarm system very difficult to use in the situations where it is most urgently needed. Plant personnel carry out periodic alarm rationalisation exercises to address this situation. However, these are manual processes which are very labour intensive and costly. Nowadays, large industrial processes such as chemical plants and petroleum refineries have databases with the ability to store terabytes of data. While it is possible to manually extract the information required for alarm rationalization, the extensive quantity and complexity of data has made the analysis and decomposition a very laborious task. This research presents a novel approach to support alarm analysis by extracting relationships of alarm points from alarm databases in a cost-effective way. To reduce the search space, this research proposes a method of context-based data extraction associated with co-occurrences of alarm tags, which takes advantage of local event-based segmentation. It also introduces filtering strategies that incorporates domain specific concepts to remove spurious data points, before the standard data mining algorithm is applied to discover frequent episodes from alarm sequences. Unlike previous work where mining thresholds were arbitrarily chosen first, prior to data mining, this project also proposed a data-driven approach for deriving “adaptive” thresholds that are more relevant to the context of the analysis and which are then used for guiding the data mining process. Since frequency distribution of typical chemical plant alarm data is skewed (J-shaped) owing to the presence of nuisance alarms, a relatively high support value used in data mining may result in a situation where interesting patterns with a low number of occurrences may be missed. On the other hand, if the support threshold is too low then the collection of all generated patterns and rules could be too large for the user to comprehend.Evaluation of the proposed approach involved employing the developed techniques/tools for diagnosing alarm problems in historical alarm data obtained from a Vinyl Acetate process model simulation, and also in data from a real plant. The first challenge was to obtain accurate information about relationships between 27 alarm tags in the simulated datasets, and then the final stage of evaluation used real plant data with more than one hundred individual alarm tags. The proposed approach was designed as an interactive exploration tool for the purpose of analysing data to find groupings of co-occurring alarm tags and improving presentation of alarm information. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach found patterns from the simulated data sets which can be validated against the Vinyl Acetate Model. Analysis of the real plant data also extracted some interesting patterns with low frequency of occurrences. Since the developed approach can carry out the main bulk of the tedious tasks of analysis, the proposed approach is very cost effective as the cost of computer time is very cheap compared to that of a process engineer.
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Mancino, C. F., D. M. Kopec, and L. Salo. "The Influence of Gypsum on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Turfgrass Soils." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215850.
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Bean, Travis M. "Tools for Improved Management of Buffelgrass in the Sonoran Desert." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/325503.
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Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) is an invasive, perennial, C₄ bunchgrass. Buffelgrass has a rapid invasion rate, a tendency to displace native vegetation, and presents a fire risk to native plant communities, adjacent developed areas and their associated infrastructure. Mechanical control is impractical and unable to keep pace with regional spread. Chemical control has offered the most promise for successful and cost-effective management on a regional scale. The predominant herbicide used to control buffelgrass is glyphosate, which requires active vegetative growth when applied for optimum uptake and translocation to meristematic tissue. The timing and duration of active growth is difficult to predict. In this dissertation I addressed three related topics to improve effectiveness of buffelgrass management in the Sonoran Desert. First, I used digital time-lapse photography and weather data to predict the timing and length of future active growth based on day of year and antecedent weather at three sites in the Sonoran Desert near Tucson, AZ that were representative of habitats currently infested by buffelgrass in the region. I was able to correctly predict greenness above or below a threshold of herbicide susceptibility at 81 to 95% for a basin floor site and at 61-88% for slope sites. Second, I evaluated the effects of different rates of two herbicides (imazapic and clethodim), alone or in combination with different rates of glyphosate, for pre- (imazapic only) and postemergence control of buffelgrass. I found a minimum glyphosate application rate of 2.52 kg ae ha⁻¹ glyphosate consistently killed mature buffelgrass plants; clethodim at had no effect on mature buffelgrass; and imazapyr was successful in killing mature plants when applied during the dormant season at 0.56 kg ae ha⁻¹ and provided preemergence control. Imazapic severely damaged but did not kill mature buffelgrass plants at the maximum label rate of 0.21 kg ae ha⁻¹. Finally, we evaluated results from a helicopter broadcast herbicide application trial conducted in the Tucson Mountains. We demonstrated that most species and life forms were less affected than buffelgrass to glyphosate deposition rates achieved in the study, but asserted that procedural changes were necessary to achieve effective buffelgrass control.
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Obi, CL, MNB Momba, A. Samie, JO Igumbor, E. Green, and E. Musie. "Microbiological, physico-chemical and management parameters impinging on the efficiency of small water treatment plants in the Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa." Water SA, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000861.
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In the wake of the growing dependence on small water treatment plants (SWTPs) in providing quality water to rural areas and the global burden of water borne diseases, this study sought to examine the efficiency of 55 SWTPs located in rural or peri-urban areas of Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces in order to gauge the safety of water supply for human consumption. The microbiological and physical parameters of raw water, treated water and water in the distribution systems were examined using standard methods. Management issues impacting on quality of water supply were determined by use of questionnaires and focus group discussions. Results obtained showed that the pH, turbidity, temperature and conductivity of the raw water in SWTPs studied in both provinces ranged between 6.46 to 9.05 pH units, 0.19 to 8.0 NTU, 15.4oC to 31.40oC and 44.40.4 μS to 108 μS respectively. Water quality compliance at point of use (treated water) according to the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa guidelines in SWTPs studied in both provinces were 85% for faecal coliforms and 69% for total coliforms. In the distribution systems, TCCs, FCCs and HPCs were within recommended limits except for few SWTPs suggesting a possibility of inadequate treatment and this may represent post-treatment contamination and possible risk of infection from these water supply sources. Physical parameters were generally within the recommended ranges . In terms of administrative issues, some plant operators did not have adequate knowledge of the functioning of the SWTPs and most were unable to calculate chlorine dosage, determine flow rates or undertake repairs of basic equipment. Poor working conditions , frequent stock depletion of chemicals , lack of maintenance culture , lack of emergency preparedness and poor communication were also cited .
The study has revealed that the microbiological quality of raw water was very poor but that water treatment was efficient in the majority of SWTPs studied in both provinces. Regular monitoring of microbial and physico-chemical parameters of water quality served by the different SWTPs to the population is recommended to gauge their safety for human consumption. Issues such as enhanced incentives and periodic training of plant operators, improved communication and conditions of service , periodic stock inventory and entrenchment of maintenance culture may be necessary to ensure sustained and efficient water distribution systems.
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Masowa, Manare Maxson. "Greenhouse evaluation of maize performance and changes in chemical properties of soil following application of winery solid waste composts." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1422.
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Thesis (M.Sc.(Soil Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015Winery solid waste materials namely, wine filter materials (FM), grape marc (berry stalks, skins and seeds) and chopped grapevine pruning canes were composted in heaps through a thermophilic process. The filter materials were mixed with the grape marc and grapevine prunings at five rates (10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) to produce five composts herein designated as C10FM, C25FM, C50FM, C75FM and C100FM, respectively. A laboratory incubation study was thereafter carried out to determine the nutrient release potential of the composts using two soil types with varying textural characteristics. Each compost was mixed with soil at a rate equivalent to 200 kg N ha-1 and the mineral N, available P and exchangeable K content determined over 42 days incubation period. Results revealed that the composts possess high C content and low C:N ratios; and released significantly higher NH4-N and K concentration relative to un-amended control. The differences in the amount of P mineralised among the five compost treatments were not significant while significantly higher amount of K was mineralised at higher FM mix rates. The composts were applied to maize cv. SNK2147 on sandy soil in a greenhouse pot study at five rates (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 t ha-1) to determine their effects on crop growth and yield as well as on selected soil chemical properties. An un-fertilised control and NPK fertiliser treatments were included for comparison. The pots were arranged in a completely randomized design, with each treatment replicated four times. The C50FM, C75FM and C100FM treatments applied at 80 t ha-1 gave significantly higher maize dry matter yield than the NPK fertiliser treatment. Quantitative estimates of the optimum compost rate for dry matter production ranged from 450 to 1842 g pot-1. Application of these composts significantly increased dry matter yield, plant height, stem diameter and the number of functional leaves per plant compared to the un-fertilised control. The K content of shoot from composts treatments exceeded the critical nutritional level of 3.3%. Plant tissue Zn content from C10FM, C25FM and C50FM treatments exceeded the critical nutritional level of 15 mg kg-1 while the residual soil K, Na and Zn contents after crop harvest were significantly increased following compost application. Similarly, the residual P was significantly increased in C25FM, C75FM and C100FM treatments after harvest. In conclusion, application of these composts exerted beneficial effects on maize performance and soil. Field studies under variable conditions are recommended to validate these findings. Keywords: wine, compost, nutrient release potential, maize, soil chemical properties
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Grau, Paricio Carlos. "Influence of predator and food chemical cues in the behaviour of the house mouse (Mus musculus)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0068/document.
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Les rongeurs commensaux sont responsables de grands dommages en agriculture et dans les zones urbaines. En tant qu’espèces invasives, elles peuvent mettre en danger les espèces locales et sont porteurs et vecteurs de plusieurs zoonoses importantes. Les méthodes de contrôle sont basées principalement sur l’utilisation des warfarines, lesquelles produisent un grand nombre d’intoxications sur des espèces non ciblées et ont perdu une partie de leur efficacité à cause des résistances génétiques constatées chez les espèces cibles. De plus, ces méthodes sont considérées comme inhumaines parce qu’elles causent une mort lente et douloureuse par hémorragies. L’olfaction est une source principale d’évaluation des risques présents dans l’environnement pour les rongeurs, avec la perception des signaux chimiques des prédateurs ou signaux de toxicité des plants/nourriture. Cette perception olfactive peut être utilisé pour modifier l’utilisation de l’espace des rongeurs. L’objectif de cette thèse était l’identification des réponses comportementales aux messages chimiques importants (par exemple les signaux chimiques émis par les plantes et les prédateurs) dans l’écologie de la souris domestique (Mus musculus), avec l’utilisation de souches de laboratoire comme modèle des animaux sauvages. Nos résultats ont montré que la souris a évité de façon significative les signaux chimiques complexes du furet et un signal chimique ubiquitaire des plantes, lié à la maturation et la pourriture des aliments (l’éthanol). La protéine du chat Fel d 1, laquelle fait partie de la famille des sécrotoglobines et est un allergène majeur du chat, n’a pas modifié le comportement d’exploration de la souris ou son comportement de recherche et de consommation de nourriture. Le composant chimique des fèces de renard, le TMT a induit un évitement clair et des réponses de stress comme cela a été rapporté dans la littérature. De plus, j’ai fait une revue de la littérature pour évaluer et discuter les méthodes de contrôle des rongeurs d’un point de vue éthique, revue qui a démontré que les méthodes actuelles peuvent être considérés inhumaines et ne correspondent pas aux attentes actuelles de la société et aux standards sur le bien-être dans d’autres domaines comme les élevages de production ou les animaux de laboratoire. Ces résultats ouvrent des nouvelles voies de recherche afin d’identifier les composants chimiques du furet et des plantes liés au comportement d’évitement des rongeurs, les prochaines étapes utilisant des animaux sauvages à la fois en laboratoire et sur le terrainRodent commensal species produce great damage in agriculture and urban areas. As invasive species they can endanger local species and are carriers and vectors of several important zoonoses. Control methods rely mainly on the use of warfarins, which can be inadvertently be taken up by untargeted species. Warfarins have also lost their efficacy in rodents due to the development of genetic resistance. In addition, these methods are considered inhumane as they cause a slow and painful death due to haemorrhages. Olfaction is a main source for environmental risk assessment by rodents, and it can be used to modify their use of space. My aim in this thesis was to identify behavioural reactions of the house mouse (Mus musculus), using laboratory strains as models of wild animals, to ecologically meaningful chemical messages, including predator and plant chemical olfactory cues. My results showed that mice avoided complex ferret olfactory cues and ethanol which is a ubiquitous chemical related to fruit rotting and ripening. The feline protein Fel d 1, which belongs to the secretoglobin family and is a major cat allergen in humans, did not elicit significant avoidance or alter foraging behaviour in mice. However, Trimethylthiazoline purified from fox faeces, elicited clear avoidance behaviour and stress responses. I carried out a bibliographic review to evaluate and discuss rodent pest control methods from an ethical standpoint. This literature showed that many of the current methods of pest control are considered inhumane, and do not tally with current society concerns and welfare standards in other domains such as farms or laboratory animals. These results raise new research questions to identify ferret and plant chemical compounds that can induce rodent avoidance, and to carry out next stage of research with wild animals both under laboratory and field conditions
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BOZZOLAN, JEAN C. "Um estudo sobre o efeito domino em instalacoes do ciclo do combustível nuclear." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11497.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Thomas, Caitlin B. "Survival and Growth Responses of Lithobates Pipiens Tadpoles to anHerbicide and an Algaecide used to Control Aquatic Invasive Plants." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1435688702.
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Carelse, Valery Vanessa. "An analysis of the safety practices at Sasol Polymers by applying a safety culture framework." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8523.
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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many organisations have reached plateaus in their safety performance and are constantly exploring new methods to improve. Traditional safety practices e.g. engineering solutions, safety management systems, and other administrative controls do not enable organisations to make the required step change in safety performance. Safety culture is a new safety “buzz word” and is promoted as a phenomenon that could assist organisations in improving safety performance in their endeavour to safety excellence. It is however, a relatively new concept and research in this field was completed during the past two decades only. Safety culture is a multi-dimensional, dynamic and complex concept. An improved understanding of the safety culture concept is required to enable organisations to determine the value of pursuing safety culture enhancement in their quest for superior safety performance.
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Li, Heidi Y. C. (Heidi Yuen Ching) 1977. "Biosolids management of chemically enhanced primary treatment plants in Brazil & Southern California." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80965.
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Saint-Preux, Carlos. "Economic Feasibility of Chemical Spray Programs and the Effects of Nanoparticle Bactericides on the Management of Tomato Bacterial Spot." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593677600328804.
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Ruz, Estévez Lídia. "Improvement of strategies for the management of fire blight (Erwinia amylovora). Evaluation and optimization of physical and chemical control methods, and use of decision support systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7923.
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El foc bacterià és una malaltia que afecta a plantes de la família de la rosàcies, causada pel bacteri Erwinia amylovora. El seu rang d'hostes inclou arbres fruiters, com la perera, la pomera o el codonyer, i plantes ornamentals de gran interès comercial i econòmic. Actualment, la malaltia s'ha dispersat i es troba àmpliament distribuïda en totes les zones de clima temperat del món. A Espanya, on la malaltia no és endèmica, el foc bacterià es va detectar per primer cop al 1995 al nord del país (Euskadi) i posteriorment, han aparegut varis focus en altres localitzacions, que han estat convenientment eradicats. El control del foc bacterià, és molt poc efectiu en plantes afectades per la malaltia, de manera que es basa en mesures encaminades a evitar la dispersió del patogen, i la introducció de la malaltia en regions no endèmiques. En aquest treball, la termoteràpia ha estat avaluada com a mètode d'eradicació d'E. amylovora de material vegetal de propagació asimptomàtic. S'ha demostrat que la termoteràpia és un mètode viable d'eradicar E. amylovora de material de propagació. Gairebé totes les espècies i varietats de rosàcies mantingudes en condicions d'humitat sobrevivien 7 hores a 45 ºC i més de 3 hores a 50 ºC, mentre que més d'1 hora d'exposició a 50 ºC amb calor seca produïa danys en el material vegetal i reduïa la brotació. Tractaments de 60 min a 45 ºC o 30 min a 50 ºC van ser suficients per reduir la població epífita d'E. amylovora a nivells no detectables (5 x 102 ufc g-1 p.f.) en branques de perera.
Els derivats dels fosfonats i el benzotiadiazol són efectius en el control del foc bacterià en perera i pomera, tant en condicions de laboratori, com d'hivernacle i camp. Els inductors de defensa de les plantes redueixen els nivells de malaltia fins al 40-60%. Els intervals de temps mínims per aconseguir el millor control de la malaltia van ser 5 dies pel fosetil-Al, i 7 dies per l'etefon i el benzotiadiazol, i les dosis òptimes pel fosetil-Al i el benzotiadiazol van ser 3.72 g HPO32- L-1 i 150 mg i.a. L-1, respectivament. Es millora l'eficàcia del fosetil-Al i del benzotiadiazol en el control del foc bacterià, quan es combinen amb els antibiòtics a la meitat de la dosi d'aquests últims. Tot i que l'estratègia de barrejar productes és més pràctica i fàcil de dur a terme a camp, que l'estratègia de combinar productes, el millor nivell de control de la malaltia s'aconsegueix amb l'estratègia de combinar productes.
Es va analitzar a nivell histològic i ultrastructural l'efecte del benzotiadiazol i dels fosfonats en la interacció Erwinia amylovora-perera. Ni el benzotiadiazol, ni el fosetil-Al, ni l'etefon van induir canvis estructurals en els teixits de perera 7 dies després de la seva aplicació. No obstant, després de la inoculació d'E. amylovora es va observar en plantes tractades amb fosetil-Al i etefon una desorganització estructural cel·lular, mentre que en les plantes tractades amb benzotiadiazol aquestes alteracions tissulars van ser retardades.
S'han avaluat dos models (Maryblyt, Cougarblight) en un camp a Espanya afectat per la malaltia, per determinar la precisió de les prediccions. Es van utilitzar dos models per elaborar el mapa de risc, el BRS-Powell combinat i el BIS95 modificat. Els resultats van mostrar dos zones amb elevat i baix risc de la malaltia. Maryblyt i Cougarblight són dos models de fàcil ús, tot i que la seva implementació en programes de maneig de la malaltia requereix que siguin avaluats i validats per un període de temps més llarg i en àrees on la malaltia hi estigui present.
Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease of rosaceous plants that affects fruit trees such as pear, apple or quince, and ornamental plants with great commercial and economic interest. The disease is spread and well distributed in all temperate regions of the world. In Spain, where the disease is non endemic, fire blight was first detected in 1995 in the North of the country (Euskadi) and later, several new outbreaks have appeared in other locations that have been properly eradicated. Control of fire blight is very slightly effective in affected plants and is based on measures to avoid the spread of pathogen, and the introduction of disease in non-endemic regions.
In this work, thermotherapy has been evaluated as a method for eradication of E. amylovora from symptomless propagating plant material. It has been demonstrated that heat is a viable method for eradicating E. amylovora from the propagation material of the pear. Almost all rosaceous species and cultivars maintained under moist conditions survived 7 hours at 45 ºC and up to 3 hours at 50 ºC, while more than 1 hour of exposure at 50 ºC under dry heat injured plants and reduced shooting. However, 60 min at 45 ºC or 30 min at 50 ºC were enough to reduce epiphytic E. amylovora population on pear budwoods to non-detectable level (5 x 102 cfu g-1 f.w.).
Phosphonate derivatives and benzothiadiazole were effective in fire blight control in pear and apple, under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. Plant defense inducers reduced disease levels to 40-60%. The minimal time intervals to achieve the best control of disease were 5 days for fosetyl-Al, and 7 days for ethephon and benzothiadiazole, and the optimal doses of fosetyl-Al and benzothiadiazole were 3.72 g HPO32- L-1 and 150 mg a.i. L-1, respectively. The efficacy of fosetyl-Al and benzothiadiazole in fire blight control was improved when consecutively sprayed (combined strategy) with a half-reduced dose of antibiotics. Although the mixed strategy is more practical and easier to apply in the orchard than the combined one, the best level of fire blight control was achieved with the combined strategy.
The effect of benzothiadiazole and phosphonates in Erwinia amylovora-pear interaction was analyzed at histological and ultrastructural level. Neither benzothiadiazole, nor fosetyl-Al, nor ethephon induced structural changes in pear leaf tissues 7 days after their application. However, after E. amylovora inoculation structural cell disorganization was observed in fosetyl-Al and ethephon-sprayed plants, while in benzothiadiazole-sprayed plants these tissue alterations were delayed.
Two predictive models (Maryblyt and Cougarblight) were evaluated in an orchard naturally affected by fire blight in Spain, to determine the accuracy of the predictions. The combined BRS-Powell model and the modified BIS95 model were also evaluated. Results showed two clearly differentiated geographical areas with high and low fire blight risk. Maryblyt and Cougarblight are easy models to use, but their implementation in disease management programs must be evaluated and validated for more seasons and in areas where the disease is present.
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Barr, Thomas Calhoun III. "Integrative Control of Curly Leaf Pondweed Propagules Employing Benthic Bottom Barriers| Physical, Chemical and Thermal Approaches." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3596849.
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The effective management of submersed aquatic macrophytes depends on understanding their reproductive biology. Potamogeton crispus L. (curlyleaf pondweed, Potamogetonaceae) produces numerous asexual propagules that make traditional management difficult. It has spread to roughly half of the counties in California (USA) from alpine habitats such as Lake Tahoe to the tidally influenced Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Studies were conducted from May 2012 till October 2012 at the bench and mesocosm scales in Davis and Sacramento, California, to explore the effects of benthic barrier control measures on the propagules (turions) of Potamogeton crispus. The first study examined the effects of three benthic barrier materials (jute, polyethylene and rubber) on turion sprouting. Jute benthic barrier material allows some light and oxygen through the fabric, while polyethylene allows oxygen, but not light. Rubber barrier material blocks light and oxygen exchange. Turion viability, as determined by sprouting, was then assessed post-treatment. Results showed no significant differences at the bench-scale for the untreated control (100% sprouting, SE=0%), jute (100% sprouting, SE=0%), or polyethylene treatments (96.9%, SE=2.1%) (n=16 for all treatments, α = 0.05). Rubber treatments resulted in 48.4% sprouting (SE= 10.6%; n=16). Results for the mesocosm experiments showed significant differences between the control and the jute and polyethylene treatments (control = 98.4% sprouting, SE= 1.6%; jute = 71.9% sprouting, SE= 4.5%; polyethylene= 70.3% sprouting, SE= 4.7%, n=16 for all treatments). Jute and polyethylene treatments were not significantly different in the mesocosm experiment. The mesocosm experiment with the rubber barrier significantly reduced sprouting (29.7% sprouting, SE= 6.1%; n=16) compared to other treatments. While light had minimal impact on sprouting, anoxia appeared to be the main factor inhibiting sprouting using benthic bottom barriers. Barrier induced anoxic stress combined with herbicides may potentially offer enhanced efficacy. The second study explored enhancement of the impermeable rubber barrier material with dilute acetic acid loaded into cassava starch "pearls". Turions were exposed for two weeks and then assessed for viability via post-treatment sprouting protocol with and without hydrosoil at the bench- and mesocosm-scale. Results for the bench-scale showed that the 20.8 mmol L–1 acetic acid treatment was not significantly different (p=.4231) compared to the untreated control (Tukey HDS; p≤0.05). However, the 41.6 mmol L–1 acetic acid treatment was highly significantly different from the control (p-value < 0.0001) at the bench-scale, but did not completely inhibit sprouting (mean sprouting of 31.25% (SE= 11.97)). Complete inhibition of sprouting turions occurred for both experiments at and above acetic acid concentrations of 83.3 mmol L–1 (SE= 0). Results showed that tapioca starch saturated with acetic acid and combined with impermeable benthic barriers may offer an effective chemical treatment for the control of Potamogeton crispus. The final study examined hot water exposures under the barriers to kill and inhibit sprouting in turions. Heated water circulated under an insulated benthic bottom barrier may potentially offer a simple non-chemical rapid method to target surface propagules on the sediment, subterranean propagules and young plants. Heated water was used to treat P. crispus turions at the bench and mesocosm scales (25°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°, 70°C and 80°C exposures for 30 to 300 seconds). Heated water exposures inhibited sprouting turions at 50°C and 60°C at the mesocosm and the bench scales, however, did not completely inhibit sprouting for all time exposures except at the bench-scale 60°C treatment for 300 seconds. For 70°C and 80°C treatment exposures, there was a slight difference at the 30 second exposure mark, but at 60 second and beyond, all 70°C and 80°C treatments provided 100% inhibition. The cost to raise the temperature 60°C from ambient water temperature under the contained limited volume under insulated barriers is estimated to be approximately $2 per 9.3 m2 (100 ft2) for 5 minute treatments or $3459 ha-1 ($1400 acre-1).
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Rathore, Komal. "Dynamic Modeling of an Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7354.
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Advanced wastewater treatment plants have complex biological kinetics, time variant influent rates and long processing times. The modeling and operation control of wastewater treatment plant gets complicated due to these characteristics. However, a robust operational system for a wastewater treatment plant is necessary to increase the efficiency of the plant, reduce energy cost and achieve environmental discharge limits. These discharge limits are set by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants to limit the amount of nutrients being discharged into the aquatic systems.
This document summarizes the research to develop a supervisory operational and control system for the Valrico Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant (AWWTP) in the Hillsborough County, Florida. The Valrico AWWTP uses biological treatment process and has four oxidation ditches with extended aeration where simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) takes place. Each oxidation ditch has its own anaerobic basin where in the absence of oxygen, the growth of microorganisms is controlled and which in return also helps in biological phosphorus removal. The principle objective of this research was to develop a working model for the Valrico AWWTP using BioWin which mimics the current performance of the plant, predicts the future effluent behavior and allows the operators to take control actions based on the effluent results to maintain the discharge permit limits. Influent and experimental data from online and offline sources were used to tune the BioWin model for the Valrico Plant.
The validation and optimization of the BioWin model with plant data was done by running a series of simulations and carrying out sensitivity analysis on the model which also allowed the development of operation policies and control strategies. The control strategies were developed for the key variables such as aeration requirements in the oxidation ditch, recycle rates and wastage flow rates. A controller that manipulates the wasting flow rate based on the amount of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) was incorporated in the model. The objective of this controller was to retain about 4500-4600 mg/L of MLSS in the oxidation ditch as it is maintained by the Valrico Plant. The Valrico AWWTP recycles around 80% of their effluent and hence, the split ratios were adjusted accordingly in the model to recycle the desired amount. The effluent concentrations from the BioWin model for the parameters such as Total Nitrogen (TN), Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) complied with the discharge limits which is usually less than 2 mg/L for all the parameters.
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Ma, Xing. "Characterization and Management of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Processing Tomato in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440386548.
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Vargas, Amilcar. "Management of seedling diseases caused by Oomycetes, Phytophthora spp., Phytopythium spp. and Pythium spp. using seed treatment in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524060260234098.
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Yélamos, Ruiz Ignacio. "A global approach for supporting operators' decision-making dealing with plant abnormal events." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6465.
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El alto grado de automatización adquirido en las plantas químicas durante las últimas décadas hace que las tareas de supervisión sean ahora más complejas y delicadas. Esta supervisión requiere de sistemas y herramientas sofisticadas que puedan sacar provecho de los módulos de adquisición de información instalados en planta. Así, el preciso seguimiento de las variables de proceso o la fácil operatividad de los procesos, gracias a los sistemas de control regulatorio actuales, son aspectos relevantes que deben ser contemplados a la hora de dar una respuesta global a las desviaciones del régimen normal de operación.Esta tesis presenta un enfoque global para la gestión de situaciones anormales en plantas químicas. En esta propuesta se contempla el flujo completo de información requerido para responder efectivamente a cualquier situación anormal que se pueda presentar. Mediante esta visión global, primeramente se identifican todos los módulos de planta involucrados en la gestión de fallos; luego se focalizan esfuerzos en mejorar las técnicas que estos módulos usan para su operación; por último, se aprovechan algunas de las sinergias descubiertas mediante esta visión global de la gestión de eventos anormales.
De esta forma, el primer capítulo esetablece un primer acercamiento general a las motivaciones y ámbito de las tesis, describiendo rasgos fundamentales en la evolución de la industria química durante los últimos años y los requerimientos asociados al nuevo modelo de supervisión. El segundo capítulo resume las técnicas y aplicaciones actuales para reducir el riesgo de incidencias y accidentes en procesos químicos. Este resumen se centra principalmente en aquellas metodologías más empleadas en la literatura y aquellas con más aceptación en ambientes industriales. Una vez analizado el estado del arte en la supervisión de procesos, se propone un enfoque global de gestión de eventos anormales en el tercer capítulo, que presenta los eslabones de la cadena de gestión de eventos anormales, los cuales serán abordados en detalle en los capítulos restantes.
De esta forma, el capítulo 4 se centra en la mejora de los sistemas de adquisición de datos y su posterior tratamiento mediante reconciliación con modelos del proceso. Los capítulos 5, 6, 7 y 8 se dedican al estudio de la parte central de cualquier sistema de respuesta a eventos anormales, el módulo de diagnóstico. El capítulo 5 formaliza el problema de diagnosis y estandariza los índices de evaluación de funcionamiento de los sistemas de diagnóstico. Los capítulo 6 y 7 preentan dos nuevos sistemas de diagnosis basados en el uso de datos históricos. El primero desarrollado en el capítulo 6, implementa un algoritmo de aprendizaje llamada "Máquinas de soporte vectorial" (SVM) adoptando un enfoque "MultiEtiqueta" que permite el diagnóstico eficaz de fallos simultáneos. El segundo sistema (capítulo 7) integra un módulo de detección basado en un modelo de Análisis de Componentes Principales y un módulo de diagnóstico basado en reglas "si-entonces". Como compendio de la diagnosis, el capítulo 8 estudia las fuerzas y debilidades de los sistemas de diagnóstico propuestos y propone una integración de módulos de diagnóstico complementarios que supera el rendimiento de cualquiera de los sistemas por separado.
Los capítulos 9 y 10 están centrados en la toma efectiva de decisiones frente a desviaciones del régimen normal de operación. El capítulo 9 presenta una metodología novedosa de integración de conocimiento del proceso en línea y fuera de línea, que permite generar información sustancial de soporte al operador en la toma de decisiones. El capítulo 10 se centra también en la toma de decisiones, mostrando las sinergias generadas al integrar el sistema de diagnosis con otros módulos de planta. En este capítulo el sistema global de gestión de eventos anormales es complementado con un módulo de optimización en línea. De esta forma el nuevo soporte a la toma de decisiones frente a perturbaciones no sólo tiene en cuenta aspectos relacionados con la seguridad sino también con la economía de la planta. Además, la integración permite que la técnica de optimizaicón empleada sea más fiable en su aplicación.
Todos los capítulos incluyen una primera parte teórica seguida de una segunda parte centrada en la validación académica e industrail. Aquellos temas que exceden el alcance de estas tesis, son comentados y propuestos como trabajo futuro en el capítulo 11.
The hight automation acquired in chemical industry during last decades has made supervision a delicate and complex task. Therefore, current plants supervision require of sophisticated systems and tools that can create profit from the information installed modules. Thus, the precise tracking of process variables or the high plant operability, achieved by the current regulatory control, are aspects that must be contemplated when the plant has to give a global response against deviations from normal operating regime.
This thesis presents a global approach for the management of abnormal situations in chemical plants. In this proposal the complete flow of information required to respond to any nonstandard situation is considered. This global approach incorporates several key aspects: first, all the plant modules that are necessary in the faults management are presented; secondly, this thesis focuses on improving the techniques used in each of these modules so far. Lastly, synergies discovered by the proposed global approach are used to develop novel and promising solutions to address process safety and optimization difficulties.
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Khalghani, Jafar. "The interaction of host plant resistance to cereal aphids with biological and chemical control methods with respect to integrated pest management : field and laboratory studies." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240855.
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Huzar, Novakowiski Jaqueline. "Management of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean and diversity of Pythium irregulare in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu151189240286344.
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Maharjan, Renu. "Phytoremediation of Selected Pharmaceuticals by and their Phytotoxicity to Aquatic Plants." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396172003.
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Thinnes, Cyrille Christophe. "Chemical and biological studies on human oxygenases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:455f2e65-f294-461b-b44f-cd53796b14a0.
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As depicted in Chapter I, 2-oxoglutarate- (2OG) dependent oxygenases are ubiquitous in living systems and display a wide range of cellular functions, spanning metabolism, transcription, and translation. Although functionally diverse, the 2OG oxygenases share a high degree of structural similarities between their catalytic sites. From a medicinal chemistry point of view, the combination of biological diversity and structural similarity presents a rather challenging task for the development of selective small molecules for functional studies in vivo. The non-selective metal chelator 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) was used as a template for the generation of tool compound I for the KDM4 subfamily of histone demethylases via application of the Betti reaction. Structural analogue II was used as the corresponding negative control (Figure A). These compounds were characterised in vitro against a range of 2OG oxygenases and subsequently used for studies in cells. I displays selectivity for KDM4 and increases the level of the H3K9me3 histone mark in cells. It has an effect on the post-translational modification pattern of histone H3, but not other histones, and reduces the viability of lung cancer cells, but not normal lung cells, derived from the same patient. I also stabilises hypoxia-inducable factor HIF in cells via a mechanism which seems to be independent from prolyl hydroxylase inhibition. This work is described in Chapters II and III. The chemical biology research in epigenetics is complemented by qualitative analysis conducted in the social sciences at Said Business School. With a global view on how innovation occurs and may actively be fostered, Chapter IV focuses on the potential of epigenetics in drug discovery and how this process may actively be promoted within the framework of open innovation. Areas of focus include considerations of incremental and disruptive technology; how to claim, demarcate, and control the market; how knowledge brokering occurs; and insights about process, management, organisation, and culture of open innovation. In contrast to the open-skies approach adopted for the development of a tool compound in Chapters II and III, a focused-library approach was taken for the generation of a tool compound for the OGFOD1 ribosomal prolyl hydroxylase. The development of a suitable in vitro activity assay for OGFOD1 in Chapter V enabled the development of lead compound III in Chapter VI. III is selective for OGFOD1 against the structurally closely related prolyl hydroxylase PHD2.
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Winter, Damon A. "Interclonal Variation of Primary and Secondary Chemistry in Western Quaking Aspen and its Influence on Ungulate Selection." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/856.
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Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) clones within close proximity to one another can exhibit drastically different levels of browsing by ungulates. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine interclonal differences in plant chemistry between adjacent clones exhibiting different degrees of herbivory which may influence the browsing behavior and patterns of ungulates, and (2) determine if correlation exists in the levels of salicortin and tremulacin between current year's suckers and current year's growth on older trees. This second objective was meant to indicate a protocol for land managers for identifying clones meriting increased protection from herbivory after treatment and wildfire. In July of 2005, 6 pairs of clones were identified on the Dixie National Forest, Utah, and on Cedar Mountain, east of Cedar City, Utah. Pairs consisted of 2 clones within the same pasture and/or grazing allotment and within a minimal distance from one another; one clone displaying moderate to high levels of ungulate utilization of aspen suckers, and one exhibiting minimal to no ungulate utilization of aspen suckers. Soil samples were taken at each clone and leaf tissues were sampled to determine genet. Aspen suckers were sampled for nutrient content, combined phenolic glycoside concentration (salicortin and tremulacin), condensed tannins, and the presence of extra floral nectaries (EFNs), at intervals throughout the growing season (August 3-6, August 31-September 2, and October 12-14). Current year's growth from representative mature trees was sampled for phenolic glycoside concentration at these times as well. All tests demonstrated high levels of insignificance for both leaves and stems.Sucker nitrogen values may have been elevated during portions of the sampling year in clones displaying moderate to high levels of ungulate utilization, possibility indicating an ungulate preference for nitrogen, but due to missing values, this is far from conclusive. P-values for forest floor factors were also highly non-significant with the exception of forest floor C (0.04) in the regenerating clones. Two post-project hypotheses are postulated in an attempt to explain the differences of forest floor carbon in terms of factors that may be influencing ungulate herbivory.
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Melo, Dirceu de. "Plantas de cobertura em áreas de produção de soja no verão e silagem de milho no inverno, com aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/243.
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System of intensive agricultural production, adopted by most producers, has brought problems to the no tillage system, especially in areas of silage of entire corn plant production. Physical and chemical properties of soil can be changed when soil management has not been properly done. In this context, this study aimed to monitor changes in physical and chemical properties of soil, in field and laboratory, under cover crops associated with swine wastewater application (SWW), in areas used to prepare the whole corn plant silage under no tillage system. The study was conducted on a farm in Matelândia municipality, western Paraná, in a DYSTROPHIC RED Eutroferric soil with 585 g kg-1 clay, 175 g kg-1 silt and 240 g kg-1 sand. The experimental area consisted of seven soil management systems: soybeans, silage, black oats and turnips (SSAN); soybeans, black oats and turnips (SAN); soybeans, silage, scarified with black oats and turnips (SSEAN); soybeans, silage and brachiaria (SSB); soybeans, black oats and silage (SSA); soybean silage (SS); corn and soybeans (SM), repeated for two consecutive years. The treatments received 100 m3 ha-1 years-1 SWW which were separated in two equal doses to be applied: one dose was applied over the corn crop and the another was applied over the cover crops. The experimental design is a completely randomized design (CRD) in a 2 x 7 factorial (with and without SWW application x seven management systems), with four replications per treatment. The results were submitted to the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. SWW application increased soybeans, as well as fresh and dry mass yield of cover crops; management systems interfered on physical properties of soil and the system that did use cover crops showed the best mechanical resistance to penetration; soil layer with the highest penetration resistance was 0.05 to 0.20 m; scarifying improved physical properties of soil, but they did not change the evaluated crops yield. SWW application did not change physical properties of soil, but there was some phosphorus accumulation on 0-0.1 m layer, as well as acidification trended to occur on soil and there was a saturation decrease by the bases. The SWW application at a dose of 100 m3 ha-1 year-1, under experimental conditions, can be used, although phosphorus and soil acidity must be monitored. Based on these conditions, as long as they use cover crops, it is unnecessary soil tillage. The management system with soybeans in the summer and silage of the whole corn plant in the winter, with cover crops as black oats, is considered the best one.
O sistema de produção agrícola intensivo, adotado pela maioria dos produtores, traz problemas ao sistema plantio direto (SPD), principalmente nas áreas destinadas à produção de silagem de planta inteira de milho. As propriedades físicas e químicas do solo podem ser alteradas quando o manejo do solo não é realizado de maneira adequada. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo monitorar, em campo e laboratório, as mudanças nas propriedades físicas e químicas do solo, sob o cultivo de plantas de cobertura associadas à aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura (ARS), em áreas destinadas à silagem de milho de planta inteira sob SPD. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma propriedade agrícola localizada no município de Matelândia, região Oeste do Paraná, em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Eutroférrico, com 585 g kg-1 de argila, 175 g kg-1 de silte e 240 g kg-1 de areia. A área experimental foi constituída de sete sistemas de manejo do solo: soja, silagem, aveia e nabo (SSAN); soja, aveia e nabo (SAN); soja, silagem, escarificado com aveia e nabo (SSEAN); soja, silagem e braquiária (SSB); soja, silagem e aveia (SSA); soja silagem (SS) e soja milho (SM), repetidos por dois anos consecutivos. Nos tratamentos que receberam ARS, foram aplicados 100 m3 ha-1 ano-1, divididas em duas doses iguais: uma sobre o milho e outra nas plantas de cobertura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema fatorial 2 x 7 (com e sem aplicação de ARS x sete sistemas de manejo), com quatro repetições por tratamento. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. A aplicação da ARS aumentou a produtividade da soja e produção de massa fresca e seca das plantas de cobertura; os sistemas de manejo interferiram nas propriedades físicas do solo; o sistema que não utilizou plantas de cobertura apresentou maior resistência mecânica à penetração; a camada do solo que apresentou maior resistência à penetração foi de 0,05 a 0,20 m; e a escarificação melhorou as propriedades físicas do solo. No entanto, não houve alteração na produtividade das culturas avaliadas; a aplicação de ARS não alterou as propriedades físicas do solo, mas apresentou acúmulo de fósforo na camada de 0 a 0,1 m, portanto, houve tendência de acidificação do solo e diminuição da saturação por bases. A aplicação da ARS na dose de 100 m3 ha-1 ano-1, nas condições do experimento, pode ser utilizada com o monitoramento do fósforo e da acidez do solo. Nestas condições, desde que se utilizem plantas de cobertura, não é necessário o revolvimento do solo. E, por fim, o sistema de manejo com soja no verão e no inverno silagem de planta inteira de milho, com plantas de cobertura com aveia preta, é o mais indicado.
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Webber, J. D. "Phenology of hazelnut big bud mites in Canterbury and implications for management." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/342.
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Eriophyoid big bud mites are key pests of hazelnuts throughout the world, although little is known of the identity and impact of the species on New Zealand hazelnut crops. The key objectives of this study were to determine the species of mite present on New Zealand crops, explore a method of monitoring mite emergence from overwintering big buds, determine the phenology of mites in relation to tree phenology and weather, and identify the optimum timing for control measures. The presence of both Phytoptus avellanae (Nalepa 1889) (Acari: Phytoptidae) and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis (Nalepa 1889) (Acari: Eriophyidae) was confirmed, the latter species being a new record for New Zealand. Preliminary diagnostic DNA sequences were determined for both species. A sticky band technique was developed to monitor mite emergence from overwintering big buds, and mite emergence was found to occur between early and late spring. Mite emergence and movement occurred when daily temperatures were greater than 15 degrees C and when mean temperatures were greater than 9 degrees C, with mite emergence increasing with temperature. It proved difficult to relate the phenology of hazelnut to mite emergence, however, the development of new buds during mite emergence was a crucial factor in the infestation of new buds. An accumulated heat sum model (DD), started at Julian date 152 and using a lower threshold temperature of 6 degrees C, predicted the onset of emergence on two cultivars and at two sites as occurring at approximately 172 DD. A regression model based on leaf number, bud height, bud width, DD and Julian date provided a more satisfactory prediction of percent accumulated mite emergence. It is recommended both peak mite emergence and the appearance of hazelnut buds should be used to optimise the time to apply control measures. Therefore, a control should be applied before buds measure 0.5 x 0.5 mm (width x height), are enclosed within the axil, and have a rounded tip, or, when 50% accumulated mite emergence has occurred, which ever occurs first. A preliminary field experiment tested the application of sulphur (40 g/10 litres of 800 g/kg No Fungus Super Sulphur) at 2, 50 and 80% accumulated mite emergence. The greatest reduction in mite numbers was achieved with an application at approximately 50% emergence. Considerable variation in mite emergence occurred between years, therefore optimum timing of controls would need to be determined by monitoring mites, new buds and weather conditions each year. Field collection of mites also identified the presence of Typhlodromus doreenae Schicha (Acari: Phytoseiidae) which would warrant further study for inclusion in an integrated mite control programme.
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Celoto, Mercia Ikarugi Bomfim [UNESP]. "Fisiologia e manejo de Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) C. T. Wei, causador da mancha alvo na cultura da acerola (Malpighia emarginata D. C.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106202.
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celoto_mib_dr_ilha.pdf: 2236478 bytes, checksum: fe75a04fbb8e850c1386270aaffe5f0e (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Na região de Junqueirópolis, SP, a mancha alvo (Corynespora cassiicola) é a principal doença que vem ocorrendo na cultura da acerola, causando intensa desfolha. Devido a falta de estudos sobre esse patossistema e as dificuldades para a adequação de produtos químicos para uso nesta cultura, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: 1 – elaborar e validar uma escala diagramática para quantificação da mancha alvo; 2 – avaliar o efeito in vitro da temperatura no crescimento micelial e na germinação de esporos de C. cassiicola e a influência da temperatura e da duração do período de molhamento foliar no desenvolvimento da mancha alvo em mudas de acerola, mantidas em condições de câmara de crescimento; 3 – avaliar o efeito in vitro e in vivo das caldas sulfocálcica, bordalesa e Viçosa sobre C. cassiicola; 4 – avaliar o efeito in vitro de produtos químicos sobre C. cassiicola e no controle da mancha alvo da acerola no campo; 5 – determinar o efeito da poda no controle da mancha alvo e na produção da acerola. A escala diagramática proposta proporcionou bons níveis de acurácia e precisão, mostrando-se adequada para as avaliações da severidade da mancha alvo. As temperaturas ótimas estimadas para o crescimento micelial e a germinação de esporos de C. cassiicola foram de 26,1 e 27,8oC, respectivamente. Para que a infecção ocorra é necessário pelo menos 12h de molhamento foliar. O estabelecimento da mancha alvo ocorre na faixa de 20 a 30oC. As caldas sulfocálcica, bordalesa e Viçosa presentes na superfície das folhas de acerola e in vitro inviabilizaram os esporos de C. cassiicola. Assim, o uso das caldas, na cultura da acerola, pode contribuir na redução de fontes de inóculo do patógeno. Tebuconazole, carbendazim, epoxiconazole + piraclostrobina, DDAC, Nutriphite P + K e Ecolife® apresentaram efeito fungitóxico sobre C. cassiicola in vitro...
In Junqueirópolis, SP, the target spot (Corynespora cassiicola), main leaf disease occurred in barbados cherry, causing intense defoliate. Because few studies about this pathosystem and difficulties for adaptation of chemical products in barbados cherry, the objectives of the work were: 1 – elaborate and validate a diagrammatic scale to quantification of target spot; 2 – effect in vitro of temperature on mycelial growth and spores germination of C. cassiicola and the influence of temperature and the duration of leaf wetness in the development of target spot on seedling of barbados cherry in growthing chamber; 3 – effect in vitro and in vivo of line sulfhur, bordeaux mixture and ‘calda Viçosa’ on C. cassiicola; 4 – effect in vitro of chemical products on C. cassiicola and in the control of target spot of barbados cherry in field condition; 5 – effect of pruning in the control of target spot and production of barbados cherry. The scale provided good levels of accuracy and precision proved to be adequate for severity assessments of target spot of barbados cherry. The estimated maximum temperatures for mycelia growth and for spores germination of C. cassiicola were 26,1oC and 27,8oC, respectively. The presence of free water on the surface of barbados cherry leaves was necessary for the development of target spot, being necessary at least 12h of leaf wetness to infection happened. In the development of lesions of target spot in barbados cherry seedlings, occurs in the range 20 to 30oC. Line sulfhur, Bordeaux mixture and ‘calda Viçosa’ in surface of leaves barbados cherry and in vitro unviability the spores of C. cassiicola. For the reasons, the use of the syrups, in the culture of the acerola, it can contribute in the reduction of sources of inoculum of the pathogen. Tebuconazol, carbendazin, epoxiconazol + piraclostrobin, DDAC, Nutriphite... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Celoto, Mercia Ikarugi Bomfim. "Fisiologia e manejo de Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) C. T. Wei, causador da mancha alvo na cultura da acerola (Malpighia emarginata D. C.) /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106202.
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Orientador: Marli de Fátima Stradioto PapaBanca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa
Banca: Aparecida Conceição Boliani
Banca: César Júnior Bueno
Banca: Marise Cagnin Martins Parisi
Resumo: Na região de Junqueirópolis, SP, a mancha alvo (Corynespora cassiicola) é a principal doença que vem ocorrendo na cultura da acerola, causando intensa desfolha. Devido a falta de estudos sobre esse patossistema e as dificuldades para a adequação de produtos químicos para uso nesta cultura, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: 1 - elaborar e validar uma escala diagramática para quantificação da mancha alvo; 2 - avaliar o efeito in vitro da temperatura no crescimento micelial e na germinação de esporos de C. cassiicola e a influência da temperatura e da duração do período de molhamento foliar no desenvolvimento da mancha alvo em mudas de acerola, mantidas em condições de câmara de crescimento; 3 - avaliar o efeito in vitro e in vivo das caldas sulfocálcica, bordalesa e Viçosa sobre C. cassiicola; 4 - avaliar o efeito in vitro de produtos químicos sobre C. cassiicola e no controle da mancha alvo da acerola no campo; 5 - determinar o efeito da poda no controle da mancha alvo e na produção da acerola. A escala diagramática proposta proporcionou bons níveis de acurácia e precisão, mostrando-se adequada para as avaliações da severidade da mancha alvo. As temperaturas ótimas estimadas para o crescimento micelial e a germinação de esporos de C. cassiicola foram de 26,1 e 27,8oC, respectivamente. Para que a infecção ocorra é necessário pelo menos 12h de molhamento foliar. O estabelecimento da mancha alvo ocorre na faixa de 20 a 30oC. As caldas sulfocálcica, bordalesa e Viçosa presentes na superfície das folhas de acerola e in vitro inviabilizaram os esporos de C. cassiicola. Assim, o uso das caldas, na cultura da acerola, pode contribuir na redução de fontes de inóculo do patógeno. Tebuconazole, carbendazim, epoxiconazole + piraclostrobina, DDAC, Nutriphite P + K e Ecolife® apresentaram efeito fungitóxico sobre C. cassiicola in vitro... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In Junqueirópolis, SP, the target spot (Corynespora cassiicola), main leaf disease occurred in barbados cherry, causing intense defoliate. Because few studies about this pathosystem and difficulties for adaptation of chemical products in barbados cherry, the objectives of the work were: 1 - elaborate and validate a diagrammatic scale to quantification of target spot; 2 - effect in vitro of temperature on mycelial growth and spores germination of C. cassiicola and the influence of temperature and the duration of leaf wetness in the development of target spot on seedling of barbados cherry in growthing chamber; 3 - effect in vitro and in vivo of line sulfhur, bordeaux mixture and 'calda Viçosa' on C. cassiicola; 4 - effect in vitro of chemical products on C. cassiicola and in the control of target spot of barbados cherry in field condition; 5 - effect of pruning in the control of target spot and production of barbados cherry. The scale provided good levels of accuracy and precision proved to be adequate for severity assessments of target spot of barbados cherry. The estimated maximum temperatures for mycelia growth and for spores germination of C. cassiicola were 26,1oC and 27,8oC, respectively. The presence of free water on the surface of barbados cherry leaves was necessary for the development of target spot, being necessary at least 12h of leaf wetness to infection happened. In the development of lesions of target spot in barbados cherry seedlings, occurs in the range 20 to 30oC. Line sulfhur, Bordeaux mixture and 'calda Viçosa' in surface of leaves barbados cherry and in vitro unviability the spores of C. cassiicola. For the reasons, the use of the syrups, in the culture of the acerola, it can contribute in the reduction of sources of inoculum of the pathogen. Tebuconazol, carbendazin, epoxiconazol + piraclostrobin, DDAC, Nutriphite... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Costa, Danilo C?sar de Abreu. "Avalia??o de controle de Pteridium aquilinum (l.) Kuhn. na RPPN Fartura em Capelinha, MG." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1090.
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Companhia Energ?tica de Minas Gerais (Cemig)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
A Reserva Particular do Patrim?nio Natural (RPPN) Fartura possui ?rea de 1,5 mil ha, dos quais aproximadamente 40 se encontram dominados por Pteridium aquilinum (samambaia). Esta esp?cie est? oferecendo grande risco a biodiversidade do local, visto que a mesma apresenta elevado potencial invasor e capacidade de competi??o, podendo inibir a regenera??o natural e atrasar a sucess?o por s?culos. Diante disso, objetivou-se com este trabalho definir t?cnicas de controle populacional de Pteridium aquilinum e induzir a regenera??o natural, assim como avaliar a resposta de algumas esp?cies de r?pido crescimento submetidas a doses crescentes de calc?rio, com potencial para serem utilizadas na restaura??o desta ?rea. O primeiro estudo foi desenvolvido em uma ?rea dominada por samambaia, utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados arranjado em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, consistindo em tr?s t?cnicas de controle (ro?ada mecanizada, glyphosate e paraquat), removendo ou n?o a serrapilheira das parcelas. Foram alocadas parcelas de 10 x 10 m distribu?das em 3 blocos. Ap?s seis meses, foram avaliados a porcentagem de cobertura de samambaia e de radia??o fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) incidente sobre o solo, assim como o n?mero de indiv?duos regenerantes e a diversidade para cada tratamento. Os resultados indicaram que o controle qu?mico, tanto por glyphosate quanto por paraquat, promoveu maior redu??o de samambaia e que a remo??o da serrapilheira favoreceu o ingresso de indiv?duos e o aumento da diversidade. O segundo estudo foi realizado em casa de vegeta??o, na Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, em delineamento em blocos casualizados com 3 repeti??es. Os tratamentos consistiram em elevar a satura??o por bases do substrato a 50, 70 e 90%, al?m do tratamento controle (sem corre??o). O substrato utilizado foi coletado na ?rea do primeiro estudo com o m?ximo de ra?zes de samambaia, corrigido com a quantidade de calc?rio determinada para cada tratamento e distribu?do em vasos de 10 dm?, onde as mudas de quatro esp?cies arb?reas foram plantadas. As esp?cies utilizadas foram: Anadenanthera colubrina (angico), Enterolobium contortisiliquum (orelha de macaco), Inga sessilis (ing?) e platycyamus regnelii (pau pereira). As vari?veis avaliadas foram di?metro e altura das mudas e a massa seca de samambaia. As esp?cies angico e orelha de macaco se mostraram sens?veis ? acidez do solo, sendo responsivas ao aumento da satura??o por bases. J? as esp?cies ing? e pau pereira s?o mais tolerantes ?s condi??es de acidez do solo, por?m, tamb?m obtiveram melhor desenvolvimento com a calagem. A samambaia apresentou aumento da massa seca com a eleva??o da satura??o por bases, mostrando que a calagem n?o ? uma pr?tica adequada para o controle dessa esp?cie.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, [2016].
The Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) Fartura has 1500 ha area of which approximately 40 are dominated by Pteridium aquilinum (bracken). This specie is offering great risk to the biodiversity of the site, since it has a high invasive potential and competitive ability and can inhibit natural regeneration and delay the succession for centuries. Therefore the aim of this study was to define techniques for promoting Pteridium aquilinum population control and induce natural regeneration, as well as to evaluate the response of some fast growing species exposed to increasing doses of limestone with potential to be used in the restoration of this area. The first study was conducted in an area dominated by bracken, using a randomized block design arranged in a factorial 3 x 2. It consisted of three control techniques (mechanized mowing, glyphosate and paraquat), removing or not litter from the plots. They were allocated 10 x 10 m plots into 3 blocks. After six months the bracken coverage percentage and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) incident on the ground were evaluated,, as well as the number of regenerating individuals and diversity for each treatment. The results indicated that the chemical control both glyphosate as paraquat promoted greater reduction of bracken and the removal of litter favored the entry of individuals and increased diversity. The second study was conducted in a greenhouse at Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri - UFVJM under a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of raising the base saturation of the substrate 50, 70 and 90% beyond the control treatment (no correction). The substrate used was collected in the first study area with maximum bracken roots, corrected by the amount of certain limestone for each treatment and distributed in pots of 10 dm?, where the seedlings of four tree species were planted: Anadenanthera colubrina (angico), Enterolobium contortisiliquum (orelha de macaco), Inga sessilis (ing?) Platycyamus regnelii (pau pereira). The variables were diameter and seedling height and dry mass of bracken. The angico species and orelha de macaco were sensitive to soil acidity, being responsive to the increase in base saturation. The species ing? and pau pereira are more tolerant to soil acidity conditions, but they also had better development with liming. Bracken showed an increase in dry matter with increasing base saturation, showing that liming is not an appropriate practice for controlling these species.
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Diop, Amadou. "Diagnostic des pratiques d'utilisation et quantification des pesticides dans la zone des Niayes de Dakar (Sénégal)." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959895.
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L'agriculture urbaine dans la zone des Niayes de Dakar fournit 60% des besoins en légumes de cette région à fort taux d'urbanisation. Les maraîchers de cette zone ont de plus en plus recours aux pesticides pour lutter contre les ravageurs et maladies des cultures. Les objectifs de ce travail sont de tenter de répondre à la problématique suivante : les pratiques d'utilisation des pesticides ont-elles un impact sur la qualité des ressources environnementales dans cette zone? La consommation des produits horticoles et des eaux souterraines de cette zone comporte-t-elle un risque pour les populations? Nous avons tenté de répondre à ces questions par le biais d'enquêtes de terrain et d'analyses. Les résultats des enquêtes ont mis en évidence l'application de diverses matières actives appartenant aux organophosphorés, organochlorés, carbamates et pyréthrinoïdes sur une variété de spéculations. Les pesticides appliqués ne sont pas généralement homologués et certains d'entre eux sont des polluants organiques persistants et donc interdits d'utilisation au Sénégal. Les pratiques d'utilisation (fréquences, quantités appliquées, conditions de stockage, méthodes d'élimination des emballages) ne respectent pas les règles prescrites par les bonnes pratiques agricoles. Les analyses ont porté sur 80 échantillons d'eaux souterraines, 119 de sol, et 175 de légumes, collectés au niveau des sites de Niaga, de Thiaroye, de Cambérène et de Malika sur quatre campagnes. Les résultats montrent des niveaux de contamination environnementale élevés de la zone des Niayes avec la détection de 15 (eaux souterraines et légumes) et de 17 (sol) pesticides sur 21 recherchés. Dans toutes les matrices, les molécules ayant été détectées à des fréquences élevées sont celles qui avaient enregistré des fréquences de citation d'au minimum 6%. Près de 56% des points d'eau ont présenté au moins une substance dont la concentration moyenne est supérieure à la norme de qualité correspondante et 38% ne respectaient pas la norme de concentration totale. Pour les légumes, des pourcentages de non-conformité variant entre 58 et 76% selon les sites ont été obtenus. Les apports journaliers estimés ont montré que près de 80% des quantités de résidus de pesticide ingérables correspondent aux résidus des trois premières classes de pesticides (extrêmement dangereux, hautement dangereux et modérément dangereux) selon l'OMS. Cette observation montre que le risque lié à l'exposition des populations à l'eau et aux aliments contaminés est réel.
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PATTY, LAURENT. "Limitation du transfert par ruissellement vers les eaux superficielles de deux herbicides (isoproturon et diflufenicanil) : méthodologie analytique et étude de d'efficacité de bandes enherbées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10057.
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Les travaux presentes dans ce memoire se rapportent a l'etude de la capacite d'un dispositif enherbe experimental, a limiter le transfert par ruissellement de deux herbicides : l'isoproturon (ipu) et le diflufenicanil (dff), qui presentent des proprietes physico-chimiques differentes. Le dispositif, implante a la station i. T. C. F. De la jailliere, a ete suivi au cours de quatre campagnes d'etude en conditions de pluies naturelles, et face a deux ruissellements de plus grande amplitude generes par simulation de pluie. Apres avoir developpe et valide des methodes de dosage sensibles et specifiques de chaque produit et de chaque matrice etudiee, l'analyse des ruissellements collectes a permis de caracteriser le transfert par ruissellement de l'ipu et du dff et d'evaluer l'efficacite des bandes enherbees a reduire ce tranfert. Les resultats provenant des dispositifs implantes dans les stations i. T. C. F. De bignan, plelo et la jailliere, ont confirme et elargi les conclusions a d'autres produits : le lindane, l'atrazine et deux de ses metabolites. Dans les diverses conditions pedoclimatiques, les quantites de produits transferees par ruissellement sont inferieures a 1 % de la dose epandue ; les episodes de ruissellement les plus proches de l'application etant a l'origine des pertes les plus importantes. Les resultats relatifs a l'efficacite des bandes enherbees montrent que differents mecanismes contribuent a la retention de ces residus : l'infiltration de l'eau et des molecules solubilisees (ipu, atrazine) dans le sol, la filtration et la sedimentation des particules solides sur lesquelles sont adsorbes des composes tres peu solubles (dff, lindane) et l'adsorption des molecules solubilisees en surface de la bande. Les dispositifs etudies permettent notamment d'ecreter les pics de concentration des differents composes dans le ruissellement. Les analyses de sol revelent, par ailleurs, que les residus d'ipu et de dff pieges ne s'accumulent pas dans la bande enherbee.
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Frederick, Hannah E. "A GEOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF WEATHERING PROCESSES AND METAL UPTAKE BY VEGETATION IN COAL MINE SPOIL." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1494443548705579.
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Corio-Costet, Marie-France. "Modification par le fenpropimorphe du profil sterolique de plantes et effet sur le metabolisme steroidien d'un insecte phytophage (locusta migratoria)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13155.
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Nous avons adopte une strategie, consistant en la modification qualitative et quantitative de la composition sterolique de plantes. Pour cefaire, nous avons traite des plantes a l'aide d'inhibiteurs de la biosynthese des sterols, possedant essentiellement deux cibles: la cycloeucalenol-obtusifoliol isomerase et la delta-huit-delta-sept-sterol isomerase. En agissant de la sorte, en bloquant diverses etapes de la biosynthese des phytosterols, nous accumulons de nouveaux sterols, en l'occurence des cyclopropylsterols. La molecule utilisee pour induire de telles modifications, est un fongicide systemique: le fenpropimorphe. Nous avons etudie le comportement de cette molecule en tant qu'inhibiteur chez des cellules animales (fibroblastes de souris) et chez des cellules vegetales (mais et ble)
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Eastman, Christopher Mark. "Soil Physical Characteristics of an Aeric Ochraqualf amended with Biochar." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316548127.
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Tomo, Zonwabele Zweli Simon. "Improving the reliability of a chemical process plant." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4887.
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M.Phil.In modern society, professional engineers, technologists and technical managers are responsible for the planning, design, manufacture, maintenance and operation of the processes and systems ranging from simple processes to complex systems. The failure of these can often cause effects that range from inconvenience and irritation to severe impact on the society and its environment. Users, customers and society in general expect that products be reliable and safe at all times (Allan & Ballinton 1992). The biggest investment in any plant is, arguably, on individual plant equipment. It is therefore reasonable to give the greatest attention possible to the health and integrity of equipment that form part of the chemical process plant.Most of plant failures occur without warning and this result in equipment breakdowns, huge production losses and expensive maintenance. The reaction to plant failures has, in most cases, been a reactive maintenance which means that the plant equipment must fail before the cause of fault is investigated and the equipment is repaired. Reactive maintenance has shortcomings in that it is successful in solving problems temporarily but does not guarantee prevention of fault recurrence. Equipment and process failures waste money on unreliability problems. The question that arises is. ‘How reliable and safe is the plant during its operating life?’ This question can be answered, in part, by the use of quantitative reliability evaluation. The growing need to achieve high availability for large integrated chemical process systems demands higher levels of reliability at the operational stage. Reliability is the probability of equipment or processes to function without failure when operated correctly for a given interval of time under stated conditions. This research dissertation is aimed at developing equipment optimisation program for the chemical process plant by introducing a logical approach to managing the maintenance of plant equipment. Some relevant reliability theory is discussed and applied to the Short – Path Distillation (SPD) plant of SASOL WAX. An analysis of the failure modes and criticality helps to identify plant equipment that needs special focus during inspection.
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CHENG, CHUANG-HSI, and 鄭創禧. "The Management of Factory Construction in Small and Medium-sized Chemical Plants - A case of "P" Co., Ltd." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85haqs.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
企業管理系
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This study mainly discusses the differences between the management of small and medium-sized chemical plants and general factory construction projects, through the comparison of secondary data of relevant regulatory documents, interviews with fire-fighting professionals, and the author's own two-times plant construction experiences. After a comprehensive analysis of this study, it was found that: 1. Even if industrial areas are allowed to be introduced in the industrial zone, they may not be passed at the time of the land acquisition application review. If there are any problems, the assistance of the industrial zone service center can be sought. 2. If the owner is the listed business designated by the central competent authority, soil testing before the establishment of the factory is a kind of self-protection. 3. Differences between chemical plants and general non-hazardous chemical production factories in fire inspection include plant structure, location distance, fire extinguishing equipment, alarm system, and electrical equipment. 4. Before the establishment of a plant, the firefighting equipment division with the professional chemical engineering in hazardous chemicals declaration should be carefully selected. 5. The honest declaration of the chemical at the initial stage can reduce the risk of being penalized or the increase in the cost of factory rectification. 6. It is required that the contents of the quotation of the construction contractor should clearly indicate that the detailed construction specifications can be used to conduct the price comparison. 7. Select the qualified hydropower fire and fire contractors who can serve on time and have a good relationship with the fire station. 8. Before the survey of fire protection works, it is necessary to make a good job assignment and complete data preparation. If there are shortcomings in the results of the survey, they should be dealt with immediately. It is meaningless to argue with the undertaker. 9. Select the professional and familiar environmental protection auditing contractors for setting up the fixed pollution source and operational application agency. 10 At the time of environmental protection survey, when the contractor did not make appropriate review comments on the interpretation of laws and regulations, the owner should have the relevant capabilities to provide explanations and corrections. It is hoped that the results of this study can reduce exploring time and potential risks when investing in the investment of production of hazardous chemicals. It is also more efficient to set up the project management to complete the new planet construction and avoid the project management of dangerous chemical production factory failed.
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Gebremedhin, Samuel Kahsai. "Analysis and prediction of chemical treatment cost of potable water in the Upper and Middle Vaal water management areas." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/667.
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Joshi, Anusuya. "Community-based waste management strategies in relation to a targeted Nepalese community." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/31003/.
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The Bagmati River, which is of great cultural and religious importance to the Nepalese people, is also a major water resource. Its degradation, as a result of urbanization and industrialization, affects water quality and poses a threat to the environment and to human health - as well as resulting in water scarcity. In particular, the discharge of sewage directly into the river without prior treatment contributes significantly to river water pollution, whereas municipal solid waste dumping onto the river bank and development activities are major contributors to the deteriorating situation of the river basin overall. This study addresses this problem from a number of perspectives including an examination of two appropriate community-based technologies that may contribute to the sustainable management of domestic waste and sewage and that will also minimize the impact on the surrounding environment, especially the Bagmati River. Thus an existing composting method, the Takakura Composting Method (TCM), for municipal solid waste management was scientifically investigated with a view to optimizing its current performance. Vermifiltration (VF), which exploits earthworm metabolism to remove contaminants from sewage effluent, was also scientifically investigated in order to develop its potential for treating domestic sewage at the community level. Also investigated is the potential for both of these technologies to be integrated into the community for resource recovery.
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CHIANG, YEN-PING, and 江衍平. "Project Management of R&D Plan - A Case of a Chemical Plant." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59440570225991438351.
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碩士萬能科技大學
經營管理研究所在職專班
105
In view of customer demand for conventional chemical industry product changes, from basic property and single function of the initial advance to the product features, now we gradually need to answer the diverse needs of customers, This study efforts to implement project management and process management to maintain business competitiveness, meet customer needs, especially to improve the performance of R&D unit efficiency. For ensuring the conclusion better answers the issues in practicality and reality, by taking a specific chemical plant laboratory as an example this study allows us to explore three aspects: project analysis and management, new product development and business performance, basic research and development program. The results of the study found that new product development projects that were established after market research, raw material analysis, and overall benefit evaluation were the fastest, best and cheapest to complete, In addition, the co-ordination of the relevant units and the progress of the control can make the new product development effectively promote in the implement of the project, and smoothly complete the tasks of the company and customer requirement.
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Chen, Hung-mo, and 陳鴻模. "On Developing a Web-based Safety Management System for a Medium-Sized Chemical Plant." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64543974847877169212.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程研究所
99
Abstract Chemical plants are high-risk industries. Industrial safety management covers almost every affair in a plant, including the factory''s production operations, equipment maintenance, electrical instrument repair, access control management system, personnel management, fire protection, environmental protection and industrial safety, all of which are certainly relevant to industrial safety. However, in a typical small- to medium- sized petrochemical plant, there is usually a lack of enough human resource to maintain plant-wide safety due to the complex nature of safety. Many potential risk factors of work probably may cause significant occupational hazard because of work negligence or improper management. Therefore, industrial safety management information platform should be built to help administrators improve the security monitoring and the information management of the petrochemical plant as a priority. An exploratory study is executed in this study by integrating the ISO management system, computerized maintenance management system (CMMS), and the plant access control system to form a simple web-like system in order for a better, near-real time auditing for the safety personnel. A commercial software platform called “Share point” is adopted to explore the effectiveness of such ideas of gathering necessary information from different existing software tools. The plant development, maintenance, processing, warehousing, security, safety rings, engineering and other departments will build their own systems and data and link management information platform for industrial safety, the staff acquisition, storage, application and sharing information. Other similar chemical plants can duplicate the same approach and gain great benefits with minimum investment in programming.
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Iloms, Eunice Chizube. "Investigating industrial effluent impacts on municipal wastewater treatment plant." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25877.
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Industrial effluents with high concentrations of heavy metals are widespread pollutants of great concerns as they are known to be persistent and non-degradable. Continuous monitoring and treatment of the effluents become pertinent because of their impacts on wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between heavy metal pollution in water and the location of industries in order to ascertain the effectiveness of the municipal waste water treatment plant. Heavy metal identification and physico-chemical analysis were done using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and multi-parameter probe respectively. Correlation coefficients of the measured values were done to investigate the effect of the industrial effluents on the treatment plants. Heavy metal resistant bacteria were identified and characterised by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Leeuwkuil wastewater treatment plants were effective in maintaining temperature, pH, and chemical oxygen demand within South Africa green drop and SAGG Standards whereas the purification plant was effective in maintaining the values of Cu, Zn, Al, temperature, BOD, COD, and TDS within the SANS and WHO standard for potable water. This findings indicated the need for the treatment plants to be reviewed.The industrial wastewater were identified as a point source of heavy metal pollution that influenced Leeuwkuil wastewater treatment plants and the purification plants in Vaal, Vereenining South Africa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus sp. strain and Bacillus toyonensis that showed 100% similarity were found to be resistant to Al, Cu, Pb and Zn. These identified bacteria can be considered for further study in bioremediation.Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Science)
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De, Bruyn Karin. "A water resources quality assessment case study involving a package plant in Mogale city." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5594.
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Inadequately treated wastewater effluent is harmful to the receiving aquatic environment. Water-borne chemicals and microbial pathogens pose a health risk to anyone living downstream from sewage treatment facilities. This study assessed the effluent from a package plant with a design capacity of 48kℓ/24 hours, servicing 12 household units and a restaurant in Mogale City. Over a 12 month period, fortnightly water samples were collected from ten selected sites including two boreholes, a river and two dams. Standard parameters including physical (pH, EC, temperature, DO and SS), chemical (nutrient concentration) and biological (bacterial counts) were analysed using handheld meters, standard membrane filter techniques and colorimetric methods. One borehole was affected by pathogen and nitrate runoff from an adjacent poultry farm. If regularly monitored, the package plant effectively removed microbes (most samples contained 0 cfu/100mℓ) but above limit COD, ammonia and phosphate was released in the effluent (with maximum values of 322 mg/ℓ, 42.52 mg/ℓ and 7.18 mg/ℓ, respectively). Generally, river and dam water at the site was of good quality.Environmental Science
M. Sc. (Environmental Science)
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Chih-MinWang and 王志民. "The information system implement in patrolling management–A study of the maintenance of the fire safety equipment in a chemical plant." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68011016099013344290.
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碩士國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
101
At the mention of the fire prevention of a chemical plant, the construction of hydrant and fire extinguishment equipment can only be seen as passive prevention measure. The fire prevention system should begin with the phase of design, followed by the installation of the hydrant equipment, acceptance, management, maintenance and repairs, inspection and testing, related training and subsequent tracking and improvement etc. All these steps help to thoroughly execute fire prevention measures. We know from the past fires in Taiwan, if the fire extinguishment equipment was not maintained properly, when a fire took place, the equipment could be of no use at all. Hence the safety of a chemical plant has a lot to do with regular onsite patrols. Currently most of the chemical plants have set up a system of patrol, inspection and recording in an attempt to keep daily production going smoothly. Yet the reviews of accidents of the past indicated that most accidents occurred due to the mistakes or neglect of the on-duty staff, who overlooked to check the far side of the factory and made the plant suffer from huge loss and damage. Therefore exact patrol and inspection should be the frontline to accident prevention for the plant. To effectively execute the inspection of all sorts of fire extinguishment equipment, build a life cycle of equipment database and replaceable storage, and construct an error improvement and auto-checking management, this study “introduces information technology to traditional patrol and inspection procedures by making the procedures go electronic,” with the employment of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), which leads to better tracking and bilateral communication and makes the management of fire extinguishment equipment possible. It is expected that such IT application can help the supervisors have a better command of the fire staff’s procedures and work routes, so that they can spot any problems beforehand and address the problem as early as possible. Meanwhile, we simplify the maintenance procedures and reporting process so as to enhance the maintenance and repairs efficiencies and to provide the supervisors and users with better access to checking the hydrant and fire extinguishment equipment, which ultimately ensures public safety. This study emphasizes equipment selection process by choosing RFID with appropriate hardware and software equipment and PDA as the frontline inspection device. In the meantime, a tag for RFID can replace individual’s signature. Automation can reduce the humanly errors and the workload of the operating staff, while automatically recording the arrival time and exact venue, which increases the command of the managers over the onsite procedures. The main objectives of this study include “scrutinizing the current problems regarding the management of fire extinguishment system of chemical plants and strategies for such problems,” “the analysis of application of PDA＋RFID for the maintenance of fire extinguishment equipment of chemical plants,” “the analysis of the construction of management platform for the maintenance of fire extinguishment equipment” and “introduces information technology to patrol and inspection procedures so as to bring immediacy and transparency to the procedures of inspection, and serves as the ground for the management of material procurement and replaceable storage”.
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Mahlangu, Jethro Padya. "Guidelines for successful implementation of total productive maintenance in a chemical plant / Jethro Padya Mahlangu." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15382.
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With the world economy becoming unpredictable, it has become a necessity for businesses to relook at the way they do business. The world has become competitive and companies that aim to become profitable have seen the need to find ways to improve efficiencies and increase productivity to stay relevant. There has been an adoption of strategies that are aimed at improving the efficiencies in companies such as Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The strategy is aimed at improving equipment efficiencies and increase productivity through the transfer of certain skills from maintenance personnel to operators. The aim is that the operators perform some of the activities that the maintenance people used to do and they do the more complex tasks. By transferring these skills to operators there is constant cleaning, inspections and lubricating of equipment. This frees up time for maintenance people to do planning and other jobs that require time and higher skills levels. The implementation of these activities allows companies to tap into unused capacity that was always hidden by breakdowns and unplanned stops. The process however requires commitment from management and all stakeholders involved in the organisation. There are prescribed implementation processes that can be followed or companies can follow their own processes but the fundamentals of involving people from the onset must be followed. The involvement of stakeholders creates commitment at all levels and in order to sustain this initiative people must be committed to it. The inclusion of the activities transferred from maintenance people to operators, will reinforce the knowledge and habits required from operators and perhaps sustain the initiative.MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Maas, Bea. "Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E77-5.
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