Journal articles: 'Chemical plants – Management'

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Leggett, David J. "Management of chemical plants using chemical compatibility information." Process Safety Progress 16, no. 1 (1997): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.680160106.

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Yang, Hong. "Internationalize hazard management of China’s chemical plants." Nature 569, no. 7755 (May 2019): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-01455-5.

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NAKAMURA, Masayoshi. "A Concept of Safety Management on Chemical Plants." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 21, no. 3 (2016): 3_32–3_38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.21.3_32.

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Ko, Heung Seok. "A Study on the Management of Facilities Handling Hazardous Chemicals Using Smart Ecological Factory in Chemical Industry: Smart Management of Chemicals in the Chemical Industry." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 18, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2022.18.2.41.

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Since 2020, the Korea Environment Corporation has been pushing for a "smart ecological factory construction project" that supports consulting, facility installation, and improvement so that manufacturing plants, which account for the largest proportion of pollutants, can comprehensively promote greenhouse gas reduction and energy and resource efficiency. Smart ecological plants can increase carbon neutrality and energy efficiency by utilizing advanced technologies, but first of all, they must meet the current standards for treatment facilities under the Chemical Substance Management Act. The Chemical Substance Management Act should also be utilized, but the contents of facilities and systems that can prevent chemical accidents with advanced technology should be included in the law or standards. It is also necessary to closely examine whether such technology is safe. The purpose of this study is to review safe and efficient management of hazardous chemical handling facilities such as enhancing the applicability of smart facilities and smart systems and deriving stable operation plans for the chemical industry.

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Song, Jiang, Zheng, Kong, Zhao, and Shen. "Dynamic Semi-Quantitative Risk Research in Chemical Plants." Processes 7, no. 11 (November 12, 2019): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110849.

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When a major accident occurs in a chemical industry park, it directly affects the personal safety of operators and neighboring residents and causes major losses; therefore, we should take measures to strengthen the management of chemical industry parks. This article proposes and analyzes a new dynamic semi-quantitative risk calculation model for chemical plants that can be applied digitally. This model provides a sustainable, standardized, and comprehensive management strategy for the safety management of chemical plants and chemical industry park managers. The model and its determined parameters were applied to the safety management of chemical companies within the chemical industry park of Quzhou, Zhejiang Province. From the point of view of the existing semi-quantitative model, the existing problems of the current model are analyzed, the current model is optimized, and a new dynamic semi-quantitative calculation model scheme is proposed. The new model uses an analytical hierarchy process targeting the factors affecting the risks in chemical plants, and chemical plant semi-quantitative dynamic calculation system consisting of the operator, process/equipment, risk, building environment, safety management, and domino effect, and the comprehensive risk of the chemical plant was calculated. The model is ultimately a real-time quantitative value, but its calculation process can compare and analyze the causes of high risk in a chemical plant as they relate to these six factors. Its implementation requires only software, which will greatly help chemical plant safety management.

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Tamboli, Firoj Allauddin, Priti Chandrakant Kokate, Arbaz Rahimoddin Shaikh, Anilkumar Jalinder Shinde, Ajay Namdeo, and Kamal Alaskar. "Important medicinal plants for management of psoriasis." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 9, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.021.

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Medicinal plants are an important and unique source of medicines. Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition where the skin develops areas that become thick and covered with silvery scales. For psoriasis treatment, topical chemical agents are applied in spite of inefficient effects or less effectiveness but medicinal plants can be one of the alternative methods. The commonly used herbs in psoriasis disease are Aloe vera, Turmeric, and Neem.

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HAYASHI, Yoshio. "Human factor in industrial safety. Safety management of chemical plants." Japanese journal of ergonomics 23, no. 4 (1987): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.23.209.

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Grossel, Stanley S. "Management of changes in chemical plants: learning from case histories." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 7, no. 1 (January 1994): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-4230(94)80019-7.

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9

Kalustian, Peter. "Productivity management in oil, fat and chemical derivative processing plants." Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 63, no. 1 (January 1986): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02676125.

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Percival, Glynn. "Induction of Systemic Acquired Disease Resistance in Plants: Potential Implications for Disease Management in Urban Forestry." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 27, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2001.020.

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Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is the phenomenon whereby a plant's own defense mechanisms are induced by prior treatment with either a biological or chemical agent. The concept of SAR has been widely recognized and studied for the past 100 years in relation to increasing resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens of economically important crop plants. The use of SAR as part of a disease management strategy in relation to urban forestry has received little scientific investigation despite offering some potential for tree pathogen control. The objectives of this paper are to discuss the concepts of SAR and, where applicable, indicate how SAR may be incorporated into a disease management system by urban foresters. Areas discussed include historical background, persistence of SAR, mechanisms of SAR, induction of SAR by biological organisms and chemicals, interplanting with flowering woody plants to promote an SAR response, and SAR in woody plants.

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Putnam, Alan R. "Allelochemicals from Plants as Herbicides." Weed Technology 2, no. 4 (October 1988): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00032371.

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Allelochemicals representing numerous chemical groups have been isolated from over 30 families of terrestrial and aquatic plants. Some of the compounds also have been isolated from soil in quantities sufficient to reduce plant growth. Although selected allelochemicals are believed to influence plant densities and distributions, none isolated from higher plants have been considered active enough for development as commercial herbicidal products. Almost all herbicidal allelochemicals exist in plants in nontoxic, conjugated forms. The toxic moiety may be released upon exposure to stress or upon death of the tissue. The most successful use of allelochemicals in weed control has been management of selectively toxic plant residues. For example, rye residues have controlled weeds effectively in a variety of cropping systems. Several weed species may interfere with crop growth through chemicals released from their residues. A number of noxious perennial species appear to exploit allelochemicals in their interference processes. This review focuses on the more recent chemical discoveries and how they might be exploited for weed control.

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Garber, M. P., and K. Bondari. "Landscape Maintenance Firms: II. Pest Management Practices." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-14.2.58.

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Abstract Landscape maintenance firms in Georgia were surveyed to obtain information regarding pesticide usage and factors that would facilitate adoption of non-chemical pest control measures. The trend in pest control from 1988 to 1993 was toward greater usage of non-chemical control measures. The usage trend for chemicals during that period was an increase for fungicides/bactericides and herbicides and a decrease for insecticides, with growth regulator use remaining steady. Over half (55%) of the pesticides were used for turf management. All firms expect to use about the same amount of pesticides over the next 5 years while increasing the use of non-chemical control measures. Opportunities were identified for landscape architects and university personnel to help landscape maintenance firms reduce the need for pesticides. The two most frequently identified opportunities for university personnel were to sponsor local workshops with specific training for workers on integrated pest management (IPM) practices (35.6%) and seasonal or regular newsletters with IPM reminders (30.0%). The most frequently identified opportunities available to the landscape architects to help reduce pesticide use included: (1) improved plant selection, particularly pest resistant varieties (51.8%), (2) proper site selection/location of plants (14.8%), and (3) more spacing between plants and consideration of final size (13.7%).

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Rampersad, Sephra. "Pathogenomics and Management of Fusarium Diseases in Plants." Pathogens 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050340.

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There is an urgency to supplant the heavy reliance on chemical control of Fusarium diseases in different economically important, staple food crops due to development of resistance in the pathogen population, the high cost of production to the risk-averse grower, and the concomitant environmental impacts. Pathogenomics has enabled (i) the creation of genetic inventories which identify those putative genes, regulators, and effectors that are associated with virulence, pathogenicity, and primary and secondary metabolism; (ii) comparison of such genes among related pathogens; (iii) identification of potential genetic targets for chemical control; and (iv) better characterization of the complex dynamics of host–microbe interactions that lead to disease. This type of genomic data serves to inform host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology for targeted disruption of transcription of select genes for the control of Fusarium diseases. This review discusses the various repositories and browser access points for comparison of genomic data, the strategies for identification and selection of pathogenicity- and virulence-associated genes and effectors in different Fusarium species, HIGS and successful Fusarium disease control trials with a consideration of loss of RNAi, off-target effects, and future challenges in applying HIGS for management of Fusarium diseases.

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Lee, Hyo Eun, Min-Gyu Kim, Seok J. Yoon, Da-An Huh, and Kyong-Whan Moon. "Changes in Risk in Medium Business Plating and Paint Manufacturing Plants following the Revision of the Korean Chemical Accident Prevention System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 15, 2021): 11982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211982.

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Chemical accidents can occur anywhere. The need for chemical management in Korea was realized following the 2012 Gumi hydrofluoric acid accident in 2012. The Chemicals Control Act was enacted in 2015. This system evaluates the risks (high, medium, low) and consequent safety management at all plants that handle hazardous chemical substances. However, the system was criticized as excessive when most plants were designated high-risk without considering their size. Thus, laboratories and hospitals handling very small quantities were subject to regulation. Accordingly, in 2021 Korea revised the system to include off-site consequence analyses and a Korean-style risk analysis. Plants handling very small quantities, such as laboratories and hospitals, were exempt from regulation. In this study, changes in risk were examined for four medium-sized plating and paint manufacturing plants. Under the previous system, all four factories were judged as high-risk groups. In particular, the paint manufacturing plant A, which has an underground storage tank, received a medium risk like the plating plant C, although the possibility of a chemical accident was lower than that of other plants. However, in the changed system, all plants were changed to the low-risk group. In the Korean-style risk analysis, it is possible to see at a glance what is lacking in the plants, such as cooperation between local residents and local governments and the construction of safety facilities according to the type of accident scenario. The revised system is a reasonable regulation for medium business plants.

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Song, Qiusheng, Peng Jiang, and Song Zheng. "Application of Evolutionary Game Theory in Safety Management of Chemical Production." Processes 8, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8040472.

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The chemical industry is essential in the social economy, and the issue of production safety has aroused widespread concern. Chemical safety incidents occupy the headlines from time to time, and chemical production safety management is particularly important. This paper presents an application model based on evolutionary game theory in the assessment and analysis of chemical production safety management. The model uses evolutionary game theory to construct a strategic interactive payoff matrix between the management department of a chemical plant and the chemical plant using a replicated dynamic equation to analyze their strategic interaction and to reveal the evolution of behavioral strategy selection. The evolution results were verified and simulated. The application of this model provides an effective safety management basis and recommendations for the management of chemical plants, providing a foundation for the safe production and healthy development of chemical plants.

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Ansari, M. A. "Source reduction and recycling for pollution prevention in chemical plants." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0239.

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This paper reviews and describes the methods currently used to reduce water pollution from chemical plants using waste minimization at the source and recycling when necessary. Techniques, including process changes, equipment modifications, changes in operational set points, improved process control and automation are discussed. The discussion focuses on AlliedSignal's successful experience using techniques of total quality management in reducing pollution at the source and through recycling. Examples are presented as to how management's commitment to waste minimization concepts, operator training and involvement, and team work helped in reducing significant plant's effluent emissions.

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Bulimaga, C. P. "Application of Chemical Methods to the Solid Waste Management." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 3, no. 2 (December 2008): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2008.03(2).17.

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The present article is a synthesis analysis of application of chemical methods for the development of technologies of hazardous waste management. Here are offered some technologies of neutralization of the waste containing hexacyanofferates, galvanic wastes and those with contain of vanadium, which are collected at Power Thermoelectric Plants.

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Cimmino, Alessio, Marco Masi, Diego Rubiales, Antonio Evidente, and Monica Fernández-Aparicio. "Allelopathy for Parasitic Plant Management." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 3 (March 2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300307.

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A number of parasitic plants have adapted to agricultural environments becoming weedy and posing a serious threat to important crops. Available control measures rely heavily on use of synthetic herbicides. The side effects on environmental pollution and food health of chemical control prompted studies to find alternative strategies based on the use of natural products. This article reviews plant and fungal metabolites with potential for the development of specific and efficient methods for the control of parasitic plants.

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Perveen, Kahkashan, and Najat A. Bokhari. "Management of Alternaria leaf blight in tomato plants by mentha essential oil." Plant Protection Science 56, No. 3 (June 11, 2020): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/100/2019-pps.

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The essential oil obtained by the hydro-distillation of the leaves of Mentha arvensis Linnaeus was evaluated for its antifungal activity against the causal agent of the Alternaria blight of tomatoes, i.e., Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler. The antifungal activity of the mentha essential oil was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. The chemical composition of the mentha oil was also identified by GCMS analysis. The in vitro test revealed that the maximum inhibition in the mycelial growth (93.6%) and conidia germination (90.6%) was at the highest concentration (40 µL/mL), furthermore, it was found that the inhibition of the mycelial growth and conidia germination was dose dependent. The in vivo test proved that the application of the mentha essential oil (40 µL/mL) significantly increased the plant height (84.6%), fresh weight (81.5%) and dry weight (80.0%) when compared to the untreated tomato plants. The disease incidence was 3.5 in the untreated plants, while it was 0.93 for the mentha essential oil treated plants and was 0.08 in the carbendazim treated plants. The GC-MS analysis of the mentha essential oil identified 18 compounds in total, among which the percentage of menthol was the highest (69.2%). The mentha essential oil was successful in managing the Alternaria leaf blight in the tomato plants. Therefore, it can be explored further for the development of a natural fungicide.

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Linderman, Robert G., and E. Anne Davis. "Evaluation of Chemical Agents for the Control of Phytophthora ramorum and Other Species of Phytophthora on Nursery Crops." Plant Health Progress 9, no. 1 (January 2008): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2008-0211-01-rs.

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Phytophthora diseases occur frequently in nurseries, and the recent incidence of ramorum blight, caused by P. ramorum, on nursery crops has underscored the need for improved management strategies against all Phytophthora diseases. We evaluated several chemicals that target Oomycete pathogens, inoculating detached rhododendron or lilac leaves removed from plants previously treated with various chemicals, or chemically-treated leaves on intact plants. Results indicated that Subdue MAXX (drench or foliar application) was the most effective chemical in suppressing infections caused by all species of Phytophthora tested (P. ramorum, P. citricola, P. citrophthora, and P. nicotianae) except P. citrophthora; with P. ramorum, it was active for at least 6 weeks after spray application. More chemicals were effective when sporangial rather than mycelial plug inoculum of P. ramorum was used, including Aliette, Ranman, Stature DM, and Fenamidone. All chemicals tested were fungistatic, not fungicidal. These tests indicate that several materials inhibit infection by Phytophthora species, and that the detached leaf test is effective in evaluating efficacy of chemical agents for the suppression of Phytophthora pathogens from nurseries. Accepted for publication 10 November 2007. Published 11 February 2008.

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Park, Sunwon. "An energy management computer program for process plants." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 5, no. 2 (September 1988): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02697674.

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Brodie, Graham, Carmel Ryan, and Carmel Lancaster. "Microwave Technologies as Part of an Integrated Weed Management Strategy: A Review." International Journal of Agronomy 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/636905.

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Interest in controlling weed plants using radio frequency or microwave energy has been growing in recent years because of the growing concerns about herbicide resistance and chemical residues in the environment. This paper reviews the prospects of using microwave energy to manage weeds. Microwave energy effectively kills weed plants and their seeds; however, most studies have focused on applying the microwave energy over a sizable area, which requires about ten times the energy that is embodied in conventional chemical treatments to achieve effective weed control. A closer analysis of the microwave heating phenomenon suggests that thermal runaway can reduce microwave weed treatment time by at least one order of magnitude. If thermal runaway can be induced in weed plants, the energy costs associated with microwave weed management would be comparable with chemical weed control.

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Li, Dewen, Jinghong Hu, Hao Wang, and Wenjun Huang. "A distributed parallel alarm management strategy for alarm reduction in chemical plants." Journal of Process Control 34 (October 2015): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2015.07.008.

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Vianello, Chiara, Maria Francesca Milazzo, Ludovica Guerrini, Alberto Mura, and Giuseppe Maschio. "A risk-based tool to support the inspection management in chemical plants." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 41 (May 2016): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2016.03.005.

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Khakzad, Nima, Imee Su Martinez, Hyuck-Myun Kwon, Constantine Stewart, Rohan Perera, and Genserik Reniers. "Security risk assessment and management in chemical plants: Challenges and new trends." Process Safety Progress 37, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.11914.

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Storhaug, R. "Performance Stability of Small Biological Chemical Treatment Plants." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0212.

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Biological and chemical treatment plants constitute a main portion of the overall number of treatment plants in Norway. The biological and chemical plants are divided into three process groups, simultaneous precipitation and activated sludge, combined precipitation and rotating biological contactors (RBC) and post precipitation and activated sludge. Aluminium sulphate or ferric chloride are the commonly used flocculants in the chemical precipitation process. Effluent data from 174 Norwegian biological chemical treatment plants are evaluated. Compared to the effluent standards for each process group, post precipitation shows the best performance. On an average these plants have the lowest actual utilization of the design capacity. The most important factors that cause the treatment plants not to meet the effluent standards are, poor quality of the sewer system, improper design of the plant and organizational problems. Satisfactory separation of particles, flow equalization and proper operational management, are the basic demands to achieve low effluent concentrations for tot-P and BOD7.

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Sorlini, S., F. Gialdini, and M. C. Collivignarelli. "Survey on full-scale drinking water treatment plants for arsenic removal in Italy." Water Practice and Technology 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2014.005.

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Arsenic in drinking water causes severe health effects and it is widely diffused in groundwater around the world. This paper presents the results of a survey about the main arsenic removal technologies employed in Italy and the main features in the management of real treatment plants. 19 drinking water treatment plans were involved in this study. The specific aspects analysed in this survey were: type of technologies applied in the drinking water treatment plants (water characteristics, ionic form of As in raw water, etc.), technical aspects (chemical dosage, treatment steps, hydraulic load, retention time, etc.), operational aspects (backwashing, media regeneration, management of residues, etc.) and costs of these technologies. In Italy, the main technologies employed are chemical precipitation (10 plants) and adsorption with granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) (six plants). Two of these plants employ both chemical precipitation and GFH. Moreover, there are some applications of adsorption on titanium dioxide (two plants), reverse osmosis (two plants) and ionic exchange (two plants).

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Rikhotso, Harmse, and Engelbrecht. "Noise Sources and Control, and Exposure Groups in Chemical Manufacturing Plants." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (August 27, 2019): 3523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173523.

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The chemical manufacturing industry employs sophisticated mechanical equipment to process feedstock such as natural gas by transforming it to usable raw material in downstream sectors. Workers employed at these facilities are exposed to inherent occupational health hazards, including occupational noise. An online and grey literature search on ScienceDirect, Oxford Journals online, PubMed, Medline, Jstor and regulatory bodies using specific keywords on noise emission sources in the manufacturing sector was conducted. This review focuses on noise sources and their control in chemical manufacturing plants along with the receptors of the emitted noise, providing hearing conservation programme stakeholders valuable information for better programme management. Literature confirms that chemical manufacturing plants operate noise emitting equipment which exposes job categories such as machine operators, process operators and maintenance personnel amongst others. Prominent noise sources in chemicals manufacturing industries include compressors, pumps, motors, fans, turbines, vents, steam leaks and control valves. Specific industries within the chemical manufacturing sector emit noise levels ranging between 85–115 dBA (A-weighted sound pressure level), which exceed the noise rating limit of 85 dBA used in South Africa and United Kingdom, as well as the 90 dBA permissible exposure level used in the United States, levels above which workplace control is required. Engineering noise control solutions for plant equipment and machinery operated in chemical manufacturing plants are available on the market for implementation.

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Kozlov, Aleksandr, Irina Zaychenko, and Ànna Smirnova. "Strategic approach to environmental management: case of Russian chemical enterprise." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002091.

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The article substantiates the need to integrate environmental aspects in a balanced scorecard (BSC) to improve the efficiency of environmental management system at chemical plants. For environmental management, the balanced scorecard serves as a convenient management tool that is able to provide relevant and timely information on the environmental aspects of the refinery.

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Jacintho, João L., Gabriel A. e. S. Ferraz, Fabio M. da Silva, and Sthéfany A. Santos. "Management zones in coffee cultivation." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 2 (February 2017): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n2p94-99.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to apply precision agriculture techniques in coffee production, using correlation analysis in the definition of management zones. This work was carried out in a 22-ha area of coffee (Coffea arabica L.), cv. ‘Topázio MG 1190’, which was sampled on a regular grid, using a topographic GPS, totaling 64 georeferenced samples (on average, 2.9 points per ha). Descriptive analysis was used in the data, followed by Pearson’s correlation analysis at 0.05 significance between soil chemical attributes, agronomic characteristics of the plants and altitude. It was possible to verify the correlation of soil chemical attributes, agronomic characteristics of the plants and altitude with coffee yield. Altitude was the variable most correlated with coffee yield through correlation analysis. Therefore, it was chosen as the best variable to define management zones and thematic maps capable to support coffee farmers. Three maps were generated to characterize the area in two, three and four management zones. There was a direct influence on mean yield.

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Kube, Jürgen. "Management of Gas Storages in Biogas Plants." Chemical Engineering & Technology 41, no. 4 (March 1, 2018): 702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201700395.

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Rajczyk, Jarosław, and Zbigniew Respondek. "Study of Concrete Composite with Participation of Waste from Sewage Plants." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.110.

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In this article a development at the Czestochowa University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering is presented concerning waste management technology in which sediment with grit is used technological sewage treatment plant. Waste which is chemical and or biological can be reused but it is associated with costs. After mechanical and chemical processing of the waste, it was used as a component in concrete which was for the implementation of concrete foundations of local roads. It is presented in this article, the allowance for the use of a chemically and biologically harmful waste from grit treatment plant as an ingredient in concrete, designed for installation in concrete substructure of local roads. The processed waste, which has undergone particular chemical and mechanical treatment, can be utilized in concrete product that is not a threat to the environment.

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Bentivegna, Diego J., and Reid J. Smeda. "Chemical Management of Cut-Leaved Teasel (Dipsacus Laciniatus) in Missouri." Weed Technology 22, no. 3 (September 2008): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-043.1.

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Cut-leaved teasel is an invasive weed along highway corridors and is classified noxious in four states, including Missouri. Few herbicides have been examined for cut-leaved teasel control. Herbicides were evaluated for efficacy on established plants and residual activity for suppressing seedling emergence. Various growth regulator herbicides, amino acid inhibitors, and paraquat were applied on established teasel at two locations in central Missouri in fall 2003 and spring 2004, and two additional locations in fall 2004 and spring 2005. At 2 wk after treatment (WAT), paraquat resulted in the highest injury of teasel (85%), but injury declined over time. At 4 WAT, teasel control was most consistent with dicamba + diflufenzopyr applied in spring, ranging from 75 to 94% control. At 8 wk, glyphosate, dicamba + diflufenzopyr, metsulfuron-methyl, imazapyr, and combinations of growth regulator herbicides with 2,4-D were most effective, with teasel control from 86 to 100%. Control with 2,4-D alone was inconsistent; sulfosulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, and paraquat were ineffective. Residual herbicides did not reduce teasel seedling emergence the following year. A number of herbicides were effective in managing emerged plants but reinfestations of treated sites is likely, even with the residual herbicides used in this research.

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Silva, Gabriela Tavares Arantes, Laudiceio Viana Matos, Pedro de Oliveira Nóbrega, Eduardo Francia Carneiro, and Alexander Silva de Resende. "Chemical composition and decomposition rate of plants used as green manure." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 3 (2008): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000300010.

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Productive systems in which green manure is the source of nutrients must develop more efficient ways to improve soil nutrient dynamics. A well-synchronized balance must be established between specific crop demands and supply of nutrients from decomposition. However, scientific data and information to help improve green manure management in Brazil is still insufficient. For that reason, a number of arboreal species was first chemically characterized and then subjected to decomposition analysis in order to establish a correlation between some parameters. Species were grouped together based on the similarity of chemical composition and decomposition rate. The lignin:N and (lignin+polyphenol):N ratios were found to have the greatest correlation coefficient with the dry matter decomposition rate and nitrogen release.

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Vitelli, Joseph, Barbara Madigan, Peter Wilkinson, and Peter van Haaren. "Calotrope (Calotropis procera) control." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 3 (2008): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07064.

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Calotrope [Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton] is an exotic shrub or small tree species that is currently invading the tropical savannahs of northern Australia. A chemical trial involving 11 herbicides and four application methods (foliar, basal bark, cut stump and soil applied) was undertaken to identify effective chemicals to control calotrope. Of the foliar herbicides tested, imazapyr provided 100% mortality at the rates applied, and the higher rate of metsulfuron-methyl killed 100% of the treated plants. The herbicides 2,4-D butyl ester, fluroxypyr, triclopyr and triclopyr/picloram killed greater than 80% of the plants when applied by a basal bark or cut stump (when cut 5 cm above ground level) method of application. Plants cut close to ground level (5 cm) were controlled more effectively than plants cut 20 cm above ground level. Chemical control (foliar and cut stump spraying) is a cost effective tool to treat calotrope densities <800 plants/ha. Adoption of pasture management practices that promote perennial grasses, in conjunction with strategic chemical control, would further increase the effectiveness and reduce the costs of controlling vast areas of this weed.

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Latimer, Joyce G., Reuben B. Beverly, Carol D. Robacker, Orville M. Lindstrom, S. Kristine Braman, Ronald D. Oetting, Denise L. Olson, et al. "Reducing the Pollution Potential of Pesticides and Fertilizers in the Environmental Horticulture Industry: II. Lawn Care and Landscape Management." HortTechnology 6, no. 3 (July 1996): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.3.222.

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Optimizing growing conditions and, thereby, plant growth reduces the susceptibility of plants to many disease and insect pest problems. Educating lawn or landscape management professionals and homeowners about plant health management reduces the need for chemical intervention. Pesticides combined with N and P fertilizers contribute to water pollution problems in urban areas; thus, it is important to manage the amount, timing, and placement of chemicals and fertilizers. To educate consumers applying pesticides and fertilizers in residential gardens, we must educate the sales representatives and others who interact most closely with consumers. Evidence suggests that knowledge about the effects of chemicals is limited and that warning labels are not read or are ignored. Integrated pest management (IPM) offers alternatives to conventional chemical treatments, but such methods are not used commonly because of their relatively high cost and their uncertain impact on pests. Pest detection methods and using pest-resistant plants in landscapes are simple and, in many cases, readily available approaches to reducing the dependence on chemical use. Research on effective, low-cost IPM methods is essential if chemical use in landscape management is to decrease. Current impediments to reducing the pollution potential of chemicals used in the landscape include the limited number of easily implemented, reliable, and cost-effective alternative pest control methods; underfunding of research on development of alternative pest control measures; limited knowledge of commercial operators, chemical and nursery sales representatives, landscape architects, and the general public concerning available alternatives; reluctance of the nursery industry to produce, and of the landscape architects to specify the use of, pest-resistant plant materials; lack of economic or regulatory incentive for professionals to implement alternatives; inadequate funding for education on the benefits of decreased chemical use; and the necessity of changing consumer definition of unacceptable plant damage. We need to teach homeowners and professionals how to manage irrigation to optimize plant growth; use sound IPM practices for reducing disease, weed, and insect problems; and minimize pollution hazards from fertilizers and pesticides.

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Egorov, A. F., and T. V. Savitskaya. "Methods and models for the risk analysis and security management of chemical plants." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 44, no. 3 (June 2010): 326–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579510030127.

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Baldridge, L. P., and S. E. Newman. "ROW MANAGEMENT OF FIELD-GROWN NURSERY STOCK." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 849d—849. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.849d.

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Most field production of woody ornamental plants involves clean cultivation of rows, performed by either mechanical or chemical means. Grass cover has been shown to reduce erosion, but may have a detrimental effect on the growth and vigor of young trees. Clover cover has been shown to not adversely affect plant growth. The objective of this study was to compare the relative merits of three row covers, clean cultivated, pine bark mulch and kobe lespedeza clover, in combination with two irrigation rates, low and high, on field-grown red bud and crape myrtle plants. Crape myrtle and red bud plants were tallest and had a larger caliper when grown with a clean row or with pine bark mulch. Kobe lespedeza clover reduced plant growth of both species when supplemental irrigation was not provided. Clover reduced plant height and caliper of red bud even when irrigated. Generally, plants grown under pine bark mulch were more efficient in water use as shown by greater stomatal conductance in August.

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Martínez, E. C. "Project-oriented management of batch plants. Information system design." Computers & Chemical Engineering 23 (June 1999): S711—S714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(99)80174-4.

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Pandey, Jitendra, and Madhoolika Agrawal. "Protection of Plants Against Air Pollutants: Role of Chemical Protectants." Journal of Environmental Management 37, no. 3 (March 1993): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1993.1013.

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MOURA, ELIAS ARIEL DE, VANDER MENDONÇA, ENOCH DE SOUZA FERREIRA, LUANA MENDES OLIVEIRA, and BRUNA ESTER FREITAS MELO. "MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON PRODUCTION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF FRUITS OF CONVENTIONALLY AND ORGANICALLY GROWN FIG1." Revista Caatinga 34, no. 4 (December 2021): 867–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n414rc.

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ABSTRACT Fig (Ficus carica L.) is widely accepted due to its organoleptic and pharmacological properties. Search for innovations to improve the crop management has increased to reduce environmental impacts and improve the organoleptic quality and food safety of the fruits. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of fertilization methods and plant training systems on the production and physicochemical traits of fig. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with three blocks and three plants per plot. The factors corresponded to five fertilizers (chemical, cattle manure, sheep manure, poultry litter, and organic compost) and four training systems (two branches, three branches, four branches, and espalier). Results showed that, when using chemical fertilizer and poultry litter, plants showed similar productivity and number of fruits, which had similar firmness, length, and peel color (L and °h). The highest production and number of immature fruits were obtained using cattle manure. Soluble solids content and soluble solids content/ titratable acidity ratio were higher in fruits from plants fertilized with cattle manure, sheep manure, and organic compost. On the other hand, plants trained with three and four branches or in espalier produced fruits with the highest soluble solids content and weight. Also, heavier fruits were obtained using chemical fertilization and conducting plants with two, three, and four branches.

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Meel, Anjana, Warren D. Seider, and Ulku Oktem. "Analysis of management actions, human behavior, and process reliability in chemical plants. I. impact of management actions." Process Safety Progress 27, no. 1 (2008): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.10224.

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Máximo, Patrícia, Luísa M. Ferreira, Paula S. Branco, and Ana Lourenço. "Invasive Plants: Turning Enemies into Value." Molecules 25, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 3529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153529.

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In this review, a brief description of the invasive phenomena associated with plants and its consequences to the ecosystem is presented. Five worldwide invasive plants that are a threat to Portugal were selected as an example, and a brief description of each is presented. A full description of their secondary metabolites and biological activity is given, and a resume of the biological activity of extracts is also included. The chemical and pharmaceutical potential of invasive species sensu lato is thus acknowledged. With this paper, we hope to demonstrate that invasive species have potential positive attributes even though at the same time they might need to be controlled or eradicated. Positive attributes include chemical and pharmaceutical properties and developing these could help mitigate the costs of management and eradication.

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Meznikova, Marina V., Ivan B. Borisenko, Omariy G. Chamurliev, Georgy O. Chamurliev, and Lucia S. Idrisova. "Reducing plant damage as a way to protect the biosphere from pollution by chemically hazardous effects." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2020-15-2-173-181.

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In difficult economic realities, the primary task in growing crops is to reduce costs in compliance with quality requirements. At the same time, environmental safety issues are becoming more and more obvious. Lack of knowledge or poor technical settings often result in catastrophic consequences due to unreasonable chemicals application and increases emergency risks in agriculture. In this regard, chemical plant protection requires special attention in terms of safety management. The method of strip chemical treatment of crops reduces the effects of chemically hazardous substances on plants, emphasizing the importance and relevance of the research direction. Based on the analysis of production costs for chemical treatment, the shortcomings of serial machines for chemical plant treatment were identified. A technology and technical solution for strip spraying with redistribution of operating solutions to the exposure objects, considering plant growth stage, were proposed. It allowed to accurately adding the active substance to the object, which caused decrease in application rate per hectare, reduction of plant stress, and saving in costs for chemical treatment. Simultaneously, it contributed to the solution of environmental problems by reducing chemical load on soil. This method reduces the risk of emergencies when using chemically hazardous substances in agriculture.

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Wang, Fang, Jingjing Wang, Jingzheng Ren, Zhiwei Li, Xiaopeng Nie, Raymond R. Tan, and Xiaoping Jia. "Continuous improvement strategies for environmental risk mitigation in chemical plants." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 160 (September 2020): 104885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104885.

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Okumura, Hisako. "Application of phenolic compounds in plants for green chemical materials." Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 27 (February 2021): 100418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2020.100418.

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Edde, Peter A. "Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 117–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2018-0013.

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SummaryTobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, is a high-value crop grown in many temperate and tropical countries of the world. Several insects attack tobacco throughout the season, from transplant production, growth in the field, during storage, and in the marketed product. This review focuses on economically important insects of the seedling tobacco or the growing crop in major tobacco-producing regions of the world. The species covered herein are tobacco aphid, black cutworm, tobacco budworm, tobacco hornworm, tobacco flea beetle, thrips, Japanese beetle, and tobacco wireworm. The occurrence and economic importance of these insects vary from region to region.For each insect discussed, the following information is provided: the scientific name and taxonomic position of the insect; its geographical distribution; the stage that causes the damage and plant hosts; a brief discussion on classification and description of the species; a summary of the biology and ecology; details regarding pest management, which include scouting-/monitoring methods, action threshold, cultural (non-chemical) methods, natural enemies, and chemical control. In addition, a concluding paragraph is presented on insect pest management for tobacco.

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Curtis, Amanda N., and M. Gabriela Bidart. "Effects of chemical management for invasive plants on the performance of Lithobates pipiens tadpoles." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36, no. 11 (July 5, 2017): 2958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3859.

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Meel, Anjana, Warren D. Seider, and Ulku Oktem. "Analysis of management actions, human behavior, and process reliability in chemical plants. II. Near-miss management system selection." Process Safety Progress 27, no. 2 (2008): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.10225.

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Kishore, Ganesh M., Stephen R. Padgette, and Robert T. Fraley. "History of Herbicide-Tolerant Crops, Methods of Development and Current State of the Art – Emphasis on Glyphosate Tolerance." Weed Technology 6, no. 3 (September 1992): 626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00035934.

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Weed management is an integral part of agriculture; weeds lower both productivity and quality of agricultural products. A combination of mechanical, chemical, biological, and cultural methods is expected to deliver a sustainable weed management program for the next two decades. While chemical methods offer the most cost effective means of weed management, crop selectivity has hampered the use of the best chemicals for weed management. Recent progress in gene technology has facilitated the introduction and expression of genes to confer a wide range of traits to crop plants. Application of this technology has resulted in the development of crop plant genotypes that are resistant to a specific herbicide. This article describes the progress that has been made by our group toward the introduction of glyphosate tolerance to crop plants. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] kills plants due to inhibition of the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds via the shikimate pathway. Our approach for introduction of glyphosate tolerance is based on insertion and expression in plants of a gene encoding a glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, a key enzyme of the shikimate pathway. The wild type enzyme present in plants is susceptible to inhibition glyphosate; variants of EPSP synthase have been produced that are less susceptible to inhibition by glyphosate. Expression of genes encoding these variants has been shown to confer glyphosate tolerance to plants. The degree of glyphosate tolerance is related to the tolerance characteristics of the EPSP synthase variant, its substrate activity, targeting to the plastid, and the level of expression of the variant gene. The tissue specificity of expression of the variant EPSP synthase has also been shown to be critical since glyphosate is a systemic herbicide and is translocated to many growing points within the plant. Our studies on glyphosate tolerance have substantially enhanced our understanding of the mode-of-action of glyphosate, the shikimate pathway, and protein sorting within plant cells, as well as developmental and tissue specific expression of genes in plants. Commercial use of glyphosate tolerance technology is expected to affect positively, the weed management arsenal available to the farmers, the sustainability of farm land and groundwater, and promote the use of a “soft” herbicide.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chemical plants – Management'

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