Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical Preservation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical Preservation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical Preservation"

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Giguère, Louis A., J. F. St-Pierre, B. Bernier, A. Vézina, and j. G. Rondeau. "Can We Estimate the True Weight of Zooplankton Samples after Chemical Preservation?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-070.

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Zooplankton are collected and sorted into two size fractions from which samples are randomly alloted to a battery of commonly used preservation techniques. We determine dry weight, ash content, and caloric content. We compute organic and inorganic losses of the samples to examine potential causes of variation in dry weight estimates. Treatments are: no preservation, preservation with one of three chemicals (75% ethanol, 5% or 10% buffered formaldehyde), preservation for 1 or 66 wk, and oven- or freeze-drying. Overall dry weight losses are independent of preservation methods. Chemical preservation reduces dry weight by 37 to 43%. Organic and inorganic losses range from 25 to 33% and 73 to 82%, respectively. Because inorganic losses are large, chemical preservation increases the caloric content of samples by 13 – 27%. Dry weight losses are somewhat size-dependent (37 versus 43% for the large and small size fraction respectively, after 66 wk of preservation). A regression of percent dry weight losses on body length (in millimetres) is obtained for our data, and published reports where formaldehyde is used as a preservative. It is: In[dry weight loss] = 4.149 − 0.576 length0.333. This relationship can be used to adjust the weight of zooplankton samples which have been preserved chemically. A survey of studies published in 1983 indicates that most authors did not adjust for dry weight losses due to preservation.
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Sharif, ZIM, FA Mustapha, J. Jai, N. Mohd Yusof, and NAM Zaki. "Review on methods for preservation and natural preservatives for extending the food longevity." Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19 (September 10, 2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v19i0.33809.

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<p>Chemical, enzymatic or microbial activities from the surrounding environment and the food itself can cause spoilage to food products. In the meantime, the recent surge in world population, calls forfood products to be stored and delivered from one place to another place. During delivery, food products will start to deteriorate, losetheir appearance and decrease in nutritional values. Thus, the presence of food preservation methods such as heating, pickling, edible coating, drying, freezing and high-pressure processing can solve this problem by extending the food products‟ shelf life, stabilize their quality, maintaining their appearance and their taste. There are two categories of food preservations, the modern technology preservation method and the conventional preservation method. In the meantime, conventional food preservations usually use natural food preservatives. Meanwhile, the use of the synthetic preservative such as sulphites, benzoates, sorbates etc. for food preservation can cause certain health problems. In this light, replacing these synthetic preservatives with natural preservatives such as salt, vinegar, honey, etc. are much safer for human and environment. Furthermore, natural preservatives are easy to obtain since the sources are from plant, animal and microbes origin. This review paper focuses on preservation methodsand the natural preservatives that are suitable to be used for food preservation.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 145-153</p>
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Tan, Zhi Ming, Hao Chen, Ping Xiu Shi, Long Liu, Zhi Wen Chen, Piao Yan Xu, Tao Liu, Yong Lin Hu, Qiang Song Wang, and De Juan Huang. "Effects of Four Antistaling Agents on Preservation of Nan Feng Tangerines." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.176.

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The Nan Feng Tangerine is used to study the preservation effects of the chemical preservative, 1% chitosan, 1% carboxymethyl with 1% chitosan, and 1% carboxymethyl with 50ppm Silver Nano composite. The results show that the tangerine weight losses after preservative treatments are lower than the loss of the control group, and the total citrus-sugar content, citrus-Vitamin C content and total citrus-acid content are higher than those of the control group. In conclusion, the Silver Nano composite has the best preservative effect on the Nan Feng citrus, and the effect using film preservation is better than that using the chemical preservation.
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Jalal, Abdul, and Naveed Ahmad. "Aloe vera as a bio-preservative for keeping quality of horticultural products." Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 4, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/rjfsn2019.070.

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Postharvest periods are very challenging for marketing of horticultural commodities that are more perishable. Fruit decay is the major postharvest constraint responsible for negative return of horticultural commodities that is expressed by weight loss, color changes, softening and microbial spoilage. Different postharvest techniques like waxing, chemical coating and dip techniques are in practice to avoid the losses but due to the hazardous nature of chemicals to human health, the concept of bio preservation has been developed. Replacing of chemical preservation with bio preservation strategies are user friendly and has great potential if constraints in production and application techniques studied completely. Among the various bio preservative plants, Aloe vera plant has a great history for its medicinal use against wide range of ailments and fruit preservation. It prevents loss of moisture and firmness, control respiration rate and maturation development, delay oxidative browning, reduce microorganism proliferation and other parameters like titratable acidity, soluble solids content, ascorbic acid content, firmness and decay percentage also controls significantly.
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McCoy, Victoria E., Carmen Soriano, and Sarah E. Gabbott. "A review of preservational variation of fossil inclusions in amber of different chemical groups." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 107, no. 2-3 (June 2016): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691017000391.

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ABSTRACTFossils in amber are a particularly important and unique palaeobiological resource. Amber is best known for preserving exceptionally life-like fossils, including microscopic anatomical details, but this fidelity of preservation is an end-member of a wide spectrum of preservation quality. Many amber sites only preserve cuticle or hollow moulds, and most amber sites have no fossils at all. The taphonomic processes that control this range in preservation are essentially unknown. Here, we review the relationship between amber groups and fossil preservation, based on published data, to determine whether there is a correlation between resin type and aspects of preservation quality. We found that ambers of different chemistry demonstrated statistically significant differences in the preservational quality and the propensity of a site to contain fossils. This indicates that resin chemistry does influence preservational variation; however, there is also evidence that resin chemistry alone cannot explain all the variation. To effectively assess the impact of this (and other) variables on fossilisation in amber, and therefore biases in the amber fossil record, a more comprehensive sampling of bioinclusions in amber, coupled with rigorous taphonomic experimentation, is required.
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Nwaiwu, Ogueri, and Martin Itumoh. "Modelling Chemical Preservation of Plantain Hybrid Fruits." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 8 (August 27, 2017): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i8.950-956.1256.

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New plantain hybrids plants have been developed but not much has been done on the post-harvest keeping quality of the fruits and how they are affected by microbial colonization. Hence fruits from a tetraploid hybrid PITA 2 (TMPx 548-9) obtained by crossing plantain varieties Obino l’Ewai and Calcutta 4 (AA) and two local triploid (AAB) plantain landraces Agbagba and Obino l’Ewai were subjected to various concentrations of acetic, sorbic and propionic acid to determine the impact of chemical concentration, chemical type and plantain variety on ripening and weight loss of plantain fruits. Analysis of titratable acidity, moisture content and total soluble solids showed that there were no significant differences between fruits of hybrid and local varieties. The longest time to ripening from harvest (24 days) was achieved with fruits of Agbagba treated with 3% propionic acid. However, fruits of PITA 2 hybrid treated with propionic and sorbic acid at 3% showed the longest green life which indicated that the chemicals may work better at higher concentrations. The Obino l’Ewai cultivar had the highest weight loss for all chemical types used. Modelling data obtained showed that plantain variety had the most significant effect on ripening and indicates that ripening of the fruits may depend on the plantain variety. It appears that weight loss of fruits from the plantain hybrid and local cultivars was not affected by the plantain variety, chemical type. The chemicals at higher concentrations may have an effect on ripening of the fruits and will need further investigation.
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Cerullo, Michael A. "The Ethics of Exponential Life Extension through Brain Preservation." Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v26i1.54.

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Chemical brain preservation allows the brain to be preserved for millennia. In the coming decades, the information in a chemically preserved brain may be able to be decoded and emulated in a computer. I first examine the history of brain preservation and recent advances that indicate this may soon be a real possibility. I then argue that chemical brain preservation should be viewed as a life-saving medical procedure. Any technology that significantly extends the human life span faces many potential criticisms. However, standard medical ethics entails that individuals should have the autonomy to choose chemical brain preservation. Only if the harm to society caused by brain preservation and future emulation greatly outweighed any potential benefit would it be ethically acceptable to refuse individuals this medical intervention. Since no such harm exists, it is ethical for individuals to choose chemical brain preservation.
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Majamaa, K., U. Bertheas, F. Finlayson, and R. B. Levy. "Preservation of reverse osmosis membranes with non oxidizing biocides – comparison with SMBS." Water Supply 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.041.

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Sodium metabisulphite (SMBS) is the current standard preservation chemical used in RO plants during shut down. It is a cheap and efficient preservative, but its tendency to oxidize easily has several drawbacks. The use of a non-oxidizing biocide instead could solve some of the issues currently seen with the SMBS, but little has been reported about membrane compatibility and preservation efficiency in the long-term mode. Long-term membrane preservation trials have been executed with three different non-oxidizing biocides: DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), CMIT/MIT (5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), OIT (2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one) as well as SMBS as the reference chemical. The suitability of these chemicals in this application was confirmed using both new Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) and used membranes with various membrane chemistries (Nanofiltration (NF), BWRO, Sea Water Reverse Osmosis (SWRO)). The preservation trial with new membranes confirmed the long-term stability of the product when stored in the biocide solution while the trial with used elements is closer to realistic plant conditions and validated the efficiency of the biocide against biofouling in the long-term. These results show that the biocides can be equivalent preservatives to SMBS and that the application is economically feasible. The used active concentrations for biocides are storage time and temperature dependent and this should be taken into account when first applying them in the field.
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Moore, Charles L., John C. Pruitt, and Jesse H. Meredith. "CHEMICAL PRESERVATION CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN CADAVER BLOOD*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 115, no. 1 (December 16, 2006): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb41071.x.

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Underwood, A. L. "The history and preservation of chemical instrumentation." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 6, no. 4 (April 1987): XXII—XXIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(87)87044-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical Preservation"

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Jantan, Mohd Dahlan. "Chemical preservation of some refractory timber species of Malaysia." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310381.

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The treatability of six Malaysian timbers namely Red Balau (Shorea guiso), Kapur (Dryobafanops aromatica), Kasai (Pometia pinnata), Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis), Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) and Keruing (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus) using the applied pressure processes (oscillating pressure, conventional Bethell and a modified Bethell process) was investigated. Treatments were carried out with a commercial water-borne copper-chromearsenic (CCA) preservative, known as Celcure-AP. The conventional Bethell process was the most effective method of wood treatment followed by the modified Bethell and the oscillating pressure process. While sufficient preservative retention and absorption was achieved in Kempas and Keruing to meet the Malaysian Standard MS 386 : 1986 specifications for exterior timber used in ground contact, the other four timbers - Red Balau, Kapur, Kasai and Kulim did not fulfil this requirement, even when treated at the most extreme treatment conditions. Using the three pressure processes, seasoning period and treatment time were found to have significant effects on preservative retention and penetration in all timber species. Investigations into the effect of three pretreatment procedures - steaming, incising and ponding to improve the treatability of the six timber species were carried out. Incising was the most effective pretreatment procedure in enhancing the treatability of these timbers. However, at the highest incising density employed (4,500 incisions/m2), it was still not possible to treat Red Balau, Kapur, Kasai and Kulim timber to achieve satisfactory target preservative retention and penetration. The less effective incising procedure was due mainly to the low incising density used. The possibility of improving the treatability of these four timber species further using higher incising densities and other methods of inCising pretreatment is discussed. Steaming, incising and ponding pretreatments had a pronounced effect on the strength properties of timbers based on reduction of their modulus of elasticity (M.D. E.), modulus of rupture (M.O.A.), compressive strength and hardness. The highest strength losses were observed in timbers that had been ponded for 6 months. Significant strength losses were also observed in incised and steamed timbers, but the magnitudes were lower than the 6 month ponding regime. This was attributed to low incising density and the short steaming period. The performance of Celcure-AP in the six timber species was evaluated in laboratory and field tests. In addition, a copper-azole formulation (Tanalith-3485) was also evaluated on Kempas timber. Laboratory tests involved exposure of treated wood blocks to five decay fungi - Pycnoporus sanguineus, Trametes versicolor, Coniophora puteana, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Oligoporus placenta. The less durable timbers - Kempas and Keruing needed a higher loading of Celcure-AP in order to give equal performance compared to the more durable timbers - Red Balau, Kapur, Kasai and Kulim. Based on copper retention in treated samples, a higher loading of Tanalith-3485 was required in Kempas to achieve comparable results to Celcure-AP treated samples. However, the concentration levels of Tanalith-3485 used in the present study were sufficient to afford protection to Kempas stakes exposed for 36 months in the field test. A longer exposure period is however, recommended for a full evaluation of timber/preservative combinations against wood deteriorating organisms under Malaysian conditions. In the field test, soft rot fungi were the main causal organisms in the attack of timbers in test site A (fungal test bed), while in test site B stake failure was due mainly to termite attack.
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Adams, Dana R. (Dana Renée). "Adsorption, encapsulated solute leakage and microflow of giant vesicles during anhydrobiotic preservation in trehalose solutions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38986.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-149).
Inspired by the variety of organisms that are naturally desiccation tolerant, anhydrobiotic preservation potentially furnishes a means of processing and storing mammalian cells in a state of "suspended animation" at ambient conditions in carbohydrate glasses. Although there have been promising applications of this technique, especially when employing the disaccharide trehalose, the ultimate goal of room temperature long-term storage has thus far not been achieved -- at least in part owing to an incomplete understanding of the fundamental cellular damage mechanisms. Although there have been many studies examining the thermodynamics of relevance to anhydrobiotic preservation, particularly with regard to lipid phase and the effect of carbohydrates thereupon, comparatively little attention has been paid to the effect of transport kinetics on preservation success. Further, although cells are typically dried in carbohydrate solutions on a solid support, there are few studies on the role played by the support. This work seeks to help remedy such deficiencies. First, considering damage mechanisms at the individual cell level, giant liposomes were employed as a model cell system, given that the cell membrane is a key damage site.
(cont.) The influence of solid surface - lipid bilayer interactions was investigated in the presence and absence of trehalose. Two lipids were chosen in order to determine the effect of lipid phase on surface interactions: gel-phase 1,2-distearoyl-sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and liquid-crystalline phase 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC). In the absence of trehalose, DSPC liposomes adsorbed to the polystyrene support surface, producing irreversible structural changes and apparent leakage of all intravesicular solute upon drying and re-hydration. Addition of trehalose significantly reduced vesicle adsorption with only transitory intravesicular solute leakage for the re-hydrated vesicles, likely owing to a transient osmotic imbalance; however, at very low moisture contents, the vesicles underwent permanent structural changes. In contrast to the results with DSPC vesicles, DLPC vesicles largely evaded adsorption and exhibited high intravesicular solute retention when dried and re-hydrated even in the absence of trehalose, despite significant internal structural changes. Next, taking a more macroscopic view, the influence of the solid support and desiccation kinetics was analyzed at the whole droplet level.
(cont.) During desiccation, sessile droplets of glass-forming carbohydrate solutions exhibit complex dynamic phenomena, including fluid flow, droplet deformation and crack formation, all of which may alter cell preservation efficacy. Two factors were identified that strongly influenced the features of the preserved giant liposome suspension droplets: the underlying surface and the liposome concentration. In particular, the surface altered the droplet shape as well as the microflow pattern - and in turn the moisture conditions encountered by the liposomesr during desiccation. A ring deposit formed when the droplets were dried on polystyrene -- as would be expected owing to the capillary flow that generally occurs in pinned droplets. In contrast, when dried on the more hydrophilic glass slide, the resulting droplets were thinner and the liposomes accumulated near their centers -- an unexpected result likely owing to the glass-forming nature of the trehalose solutions. As might be anticipated given the variations in liposome distribution, the choice of surface also influenced crack formation upon continued drying. In addition to providing a preferential path for drying, such cracks are relevant because they could inflict mechanical damage on cells.
(cont.) Liposome concentration had an even more profound effect on crack formation; indeed, while cracks were found in all droplets containing liposomes, in their absence few of the droplets cracked at all, regardless of the surface type. Given the experimentally-determined non-uniform distribution of liposomes within the sessile droplets, a finite element method model was formulated to assess the moisture content variation within desiccating trehalose solution microdroplets - both unsupported and sessile. In the unsupported droplet, a thin glassy skin was found to form at the droplet surface, which significantly hampered further evaporation owing to the extremely low diffusivity of water in trehalose glasses. Thus, residual water was essentially trapped in the droplet core for long times, preventing a transition to the glassy state there. This is significant for anhydrobiotic preservation because most liposomes, or cells, would be located in the droplet core rather than in the thin glassy skin. The sessile droplet provided another degree of complexity in that the moisture concentration was inhomogeneous not only in the direction perpendicular to the interface, but along it as well, since the glassy skin did not form uniformly, instead progressing inward from the contact line.
(cont.) In summary, surface interactions were found to play a significant role in anhydrobiotic preservation, both at the cellular level through adsorption and at the whole droplet level through their effect on distribution of suspended liposomes (or cells) and crack formation. Further, kinetic phenomena had a strong influence, again at the cellular level through transient osmotic imbalances and at the whole droplet level in the form of inhomogeneous moisture distributions. Such effects clearly merit further investigation in the development of anhydrobiotic preservation protocols.
by Dana R. Adams.
Ph.D.
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Spencer, Maximilian. "Fuel Cell for Food Preservation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207105.

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As foodstuffs are being produced, transported and stored in greater quantities than ever before in human history and with an alarming amount of food products being lost to spoilage every year, new, environmentally friendly ways of preserving food products are being actively researched and developed in today’s world. Oxygen is a key pathway towards food decay and destruction, due to its dual roles as a source of respiration for the multitude of microorganisms that can cause food spoilage and through direct destruction through oxidation reactions within food products that cause oxidative deterioration. Fuel cells have the theoretical potential to be an energy efficient and environmentally friendly way of preserving food, such as fish, fruit and vegetables.  Because of their nature to consume oxygen through the electrochemical reactions that produces their electrical power, they have the potential to be used to reduce localised oxygen content for the storage and transportation of foods, minimising their spoilage, as well as potentially providing electrical energy for other components in potential control systems for the fuel cell. The purpose of this project is to design and build a PEM fuel cell and examine its potential for lowering of oxygen concentrations at the gas output at the cathode.  The outcome of these experiments are designed to validate the  theoretical capacity of fuel cells to reduce output oxygen concentrations to levels that are able to aid in the preservation of foodstuffs.  It is hoped that this study, in conjunction with the researched literature, can be used as a guide for future food shipping and storage methods. The experimental stage of this diploma work was unsatisfactory. The fuel cell was unable to produce a voltage and the reactant gases were unable to flow through the fuel cell due to a design flaw. Therefore the effectiveness of a fuel cell for depletion of oxygen to levels able to preserve food is based on the theoretical basis of the internal PEM fuel cell reactions, as well as studying past literature and patents. If the theoretical ability of the fuel cell is proven, it can be asserted that PEM fuel cells have the potential to be a real contender in the field of food preservation in shipping and storage, as well as offering greater levels of control for supplies for how and when they can ship their product. However this will require more independent research development work on the effects of low oxygen concentrations on a fuel cell operation as well as the preservation effects on a greater variety of foodstuffs. Furthermore, more research is required for more efficient and cheaper fuel cell catalysts or innovative designs are required to avoid concentration losses that arise from oxygen reduction at low oxygen levels.
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Silva, Elisabeth Mary Cunha da. "Chemical and sensory investigations on the processing and preservation of a lamb product." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324852.

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Laarkamp, Kirsten Lynn. "Organic phosphorus in marine sediments : chemical structure, diagenetic alteration, and mechanisms of preservation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39409.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2000.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 266-286).
Phosphorus, an essential nutrient, is removed from the oceans only through burial with marine sediments. Organic phosphorus (Prog) constitutes an important fraction (ca. 25%) of total-P in marine sediments. However, given the inherent lability of primary Prog biochemicals, it is a puzzle that any Porg is preserved in marine sediments. The goal of this thesis was to address this apparent paradox by linking bulk and molecular-level Porg information. A newly-developed sequential extraction method, which isolates sedimentary Pol reservoirs based on solubility, was used in concert with Prog nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR) to quantify Prog functional group concentrations. The coupled extraction/ 31P-NMR method was applied to three sediment cores from the Santa Barbara Basin, and the first-ever high-resolution depth profiles of molecular-level Porg distribution during diagenesis were generated. These depth profiles were used to consider regulation of Prog distribution by biomass abundance, chemical structure, and physical protection mechanisms. Biomass cannot account for more than a few percent of sedimentary Prog. No evidence for direct structural control on remineralization of Porg was found. Instead, sorptive protection appears to be an important mechanism for Prog preservation, and structure may act as a secondary control due to preferential sorption of specific Porg compound classes.
by Kirsten Lynn Laarkamp.
Ph.D.
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Hancocks, Nichola Helen. "Optimisation of the preservation of microbial cell banks for enhanced fermentation process performance." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/547/.

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This work discusses optimisation of the cryopreservation of Bacillus licheniformis cell banks, used as inoculum for α-amylase producing 5 L batch fermentations. The effect of the presence of various cryopreservants including glycerol, Tween 80 and dimethyl sulphoxide on final fermentation performance measured by biomass and α-amylase concentration was investigated using optical density, dry cell weight, colony forming units, and multi-parameter flow cytometry. The application of multi-parameter flow cytometry using the fluorophores DiBac\(_4\)(3) and PI allowed real time viability measurements of individual microbial cells to be monitored before and after cryopreservation and during the fermentation process; viability here being defined as a cell having an intact and fully polarised cytoplasmic membrane. It was found that the concentration and type of cryopreservant used had a significant effect on microbial cell physiology and population heterogeneity during resuscitation recovery immediately after thawing. Cell banks prepared with Tween 80 were fastest to recover after freezing in comparison to cell banks prepared with dimethyl sulphoxide which showed the slowest growth rates. Interestingly cells preserved in glycerol recovered at a similar rate to cells frozen without cryopreservant. Despite different responses to the freezing process when each cell bank was used as inoculum for 5 L batch fermentations very little difference was noticed in overall process performance with respect to α-amylase production, growth rate and final biomass concentration.
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Gao, Min. "CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER IN AN OLIGOTROPHIC, SUBTROPICAL, FRESHWATER WETLAND SYSTEM: SOURCES, DIAGENESIS AND PRESERVATION." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3625.

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Freshwater wetland soils of the Everglades were studied in order to assess present environmental conditions and paleo-environmental changes using organic geochemistry techniques. Organic matter in dominant vegetation, peat and marl soils was characterized by geochemical means. Samples were selected along nutrient and hydrology gradients with the objective to determine the historical sources of organic matter as well as the extent of its preservation. Effective molecular proxies were developed to differentiate the relative input of organic matter from different biological sources to wetland soils. Thus historical vegetation shifts and hydroperiods were reconstructed using those proxies. The data show good correlations with historical water management practices starting at the turn of the century and during the mid 1900’s. Overall, significant shortening of hydroperiods during this period was observed. The soil organic matter (SOM) preservation was assessed through elemental analysis and molecular characterizations of bulk 13C stable isotopes, solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis-GC/MS. The relationship of the environmental conditions and degradation status of the soil organic matter (SOM) among the sites suggested that both high nutrient levels and long hydroperiod favor organic matter degradation in the soils. This is probably the result of an increase in the microbial activity in the soils which have higher nutrient levels, while longer hydroperiods may enhance physical/chemical degradation processes. The most significant transformations of biomass litter in this environment are controlled by very early physical/chemical processes and once the OM is incorporated into surface soils, the diagenetic change, even over extended periods of time is comparatively minimal, and SOM is relatively well preserved regardless of hydroperiod or nutrient levels. SOM accumulated in peat soils is more prone to continued degradation than the SOM in the marl soils. The latter is presumably stabilized early on through direct air exposure (oxidation) and thus, it is more refractory to further diagenetic transformations such as humification and aromatization reactions.
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Gao, Min. "Chemical characterization of soil organic matter in an oligotrophic, subtropical, freshwatwer wetland system : sources, diagenesis and preservation." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3618.

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Freshwater wetland soils of the Everglades were studied in order to assess present environmental conditions and paleo-environmental changes using organic geochemistry techniques. Organic matter in dominant vegetation, peat and marl soils was characterized by geochemical means. Samples were selected along nutrient and hydrology gradients with the objective to determine the historical sources of organic matter as well as the extent of its preservation. Effective molecular proxies were developed to differentiate the relative input of organic matter from different biological sources to wetland soils. Thus historical vegetation shifts and hydroperiods were reconstructed using those proxies. The data show good correlations with historical water management practices starting at the turn of the century and during the mid 1900’s. Overall, significant shortening of hydroperiods during this period was observed. The soil organic matter (SOM) preservation was assessed through elemental analysis and molecular characterizations of bulk 13C stable isotopes, solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis-GC/MS. The relationship of the environmental conditions and degradation status of the soil organic matter (SOM) among the sites suggested that both high nutrient levels and long hydroperiod favor organic matter degradation in the soils. This is probably the result of an increase in the microbial activity in the soils which have higher nutrient levels, while longer hydroperiods may enhance physical/chemical degradation processes. The most significant transformations of biomass litter in this environment are controlled by very early physical/chemical processes and once the OM is incorporated into surface soils, the diagenetic change, even over extended periods of time is comparatively minimal, and SOM is relatively well preserved regardless of hydroperiod or nutrient levels. SOM accumulated in peat soils is more prone to continued degradation than the SOM in the marl soils. The latter is presumably stabilized early on through direct air exposure (oxidation) and thus, it is more refractory to further diagenetic transformations such as humification and aromatization reactions.
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SANTOS, JANILSON S. "Remediacao de solos contaminados com agrotoxicos pelo tratamento com radiacao gama." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9431.

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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Hsu, Pang-Hung. "Evidence for chemical binding of proteinaceous materials to humic acids as a means for their preservation in the environment." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1087825560.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 143 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2005 June 21.
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Books on the topic "Chemical Preservation"

1

Wood modification: Chemical, thermal and other processes. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

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Stock, John T., and Mary Virginia Orna, eds. The History and Preservation of Chemical Instrumentation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4690-3.

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Bayquen, Cecilia V. Industrial chemical processes. Manila, Philippines: UST Pub. House, 2006.

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Jantan, Mohd Dahlan. Chemical preservation of some refractory timber species of Malaysia. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, School of Biological Sciences, 1998.

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S, Belton P., ed. The chemical physics of food. Oxford: Blackwell Pub., 2007.

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Laarkamp, Kirsten Lynn. Organic phosphorus in marine sediments: Chemical structure, diagenetic alteration, and mechanisms of preservation. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.

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S, Popushoĭ I., ed. Biological and chemical methods of plant protection. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1987.

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Dallas, Angus. Outlines of chemico-hygiene and medicine, or, The application of chemical results to the preservation of health and cure of disease. Toronto: Printed for the author by Maclear, 1987.

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1911-, Stock John T., Orna Mary Virginia, and American Chemical Society. Division of the History of Chemistry., eds. The History and preservation of chemical instrumentation: Proceedings of the ACS Division of the History of Chemistry symposium held in Chicago, Ill., September 9-10, 1985. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1986.

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Balaban, Murat O., and Giovanna Ferrentino. Dense phase carbon dioxide. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical Preservation"

1

Morpeth, F. F., and P. W. Austin. "Chemical preservatives." In Preservation of Surfactant Formulations, 6–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0621-4_2.

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Mishra, Rabinarayan. "Chemical Characteristics of Fish." In Handbook on Fish Processing and Preservation, 24–71. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003263715-2.

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Khadiran, Tumirah, Shahlinney Lipeh, and Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup. "Chemical Preservation of Bamboo for Structural Application." In Multifaceted Bamboo, 67–84. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9327-5_5.

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Oyelese, Olusegun A. "Hypoxanthine Levels, Chemical Studies and Bacterial Flora of Alternate Frozen/Thawed Market-Simulated Marine Fish Species." In Progress in Food Preservation, 315–29. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119962045.ch15.

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Usselman, Melvyn C. "The Reflective Goniometer and its Impact on Chemical Theory." In The History and Preservation of Chemical Instrumentation, 33–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4690-3_4.

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Taylor, John K. "The Impact of Instrumentation on Analytical Chemistry." In The History and Preservation of Chemical Instrumentation, 1–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4690-3_1.

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Hawk, Gerald L. "The Next Step in Laboratory Automation — Robotics." In The History and Preservation of Chemical Instrumentation, 109–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4690-3_10.

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Jensen, William B. "The Development of Blowpipe Analysis." In The History and Preservation of Chemical Instrumentation, 123–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4690-3_11.

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Blaedel, Walter J. "The Practical Aspects of Collecting, Preserving, and Exhibiting Analytical Balances." In The History and Preservation of Chemical Instrumentation, 151–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4690-3_12.

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Read, W. J. "Renovation and Repair of Scientific Instruments." In The History and Preservation of Chemical Instrumentation, 157–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4690-3_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical Preservation"

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Mencke, Nicol, Markus Vondran, Nicole Vorhauer, Elodie Nicolas, and Evangelos Tsotsas. "VR-BASED KNOWLEDGE PRESERVATION IN CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY." In 12th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2020.1548.

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Bao, Bin, Xuenan Cui, and Ning Lei. "Design Preservation Methodology based on FPGA." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering (AEECE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aeece-16.2016.73.

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Pai, V. S. "Preservation of large motors and generators from weather on offshore platforms." In 36th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pcicon.1989.77867.

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ALEKSEEV, Andrey, Alena Andreevna Bogdanova, Aleksandra Aleksandrovna Payuta, and Natal'ya KOLESOVA. "Studying the effect of a chemical preservative on the process ensiling bean-grass grass mixture." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production 29 (77). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-29-77-173-177.

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The results of the influence of a chemical preservative, which includes organic acids, on the process of silage of clover-thymotheal grain mass are presented. During the study, the effect of applying a preservative in a dosage of 2 l/t, 3 l/t, 4 l/t of green mass was studied, the drug was not introduced into the control sample. On the 10th, 20th and 30th days of the silage process, pH, organic acid content, and mass fraction of lactic acid were determined according to standard methods. In the control sample, the hydrogen index was higher than in the samples with the use of starter culture. The amount of lactic acid in all samples with preservative was higher than in the control. The content of butyric acid in all experimental silos did not exceed the permissible norms, and in the control sample, its content was slightly higher. The use of chemical preservative had a positive effect on the process of silage of green mass and preservation of its quality.
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Gülcher, Anna, Jun Yan, Maxim D. Ballmer, and Paul Tackley. "The Formation and Preservation of Chemical Heterogeneities in the Lower Mantle." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.902.

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Abhirama, Natali Gupita, Prihati Sih Nugraheni, and Wiratni Budhijanto. "Effectiveness of chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticle dispersion in ice for fresh tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) preservation." In THE 11TH REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (RCChE 2018). Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5095013.

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Lin, Shu-Kun. "Molecular Diversity Preservation and Exploitation: World-wide Chemical Samples Collection for Bioactivity Screenings." In The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-2-01711.

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Shepherd, A. G., P. Hoban, S. Venugopal, T. Bos, S. Lorimer, R. Shade, N. Jensen, F. Backus, and M. Luderer. "Towards the Development of Chemical Selection Criteria for Subsea Preservation, a Practical Example." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/182303-ms.

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Balasubramaniam, V. M. (Bala). "Non-Thermal Preservation of Fruit Juices." In ASME 2008 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2008-5404.

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Consumers demand healthier fresh tasting foods without chemical preservatives. To address the need, food industry is exploring alternative preservation methods such as high pressure processing (HPP) and pulsed electric field processing. During HPP, the food material is subjected to elevated pressures (up to 900 MPa) with or without the addition of heat to achieve microbial inactivation with minimal damage to the food. One of the unique advantages of the technology is the ability to increase the temperature of the food samples instantaneously; this is attributed to the heat of compression, resulting from the rapid pressurization of the sample. Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing uses short bursts of electricity for microbial inactivation and causes minimal or no detrimental effect on food quality attributes. The process involves treating foods placed between electrodes by high voltage pulses in the order of 20–80 kV (usually for a couple of microseconds). PEF processing offers high quality fresh-like liquid foods with excellent flavor, nutritional value, and shelf life. Pressure in combination with other antimicrobial agents, including CO2, has been investigated for juice processing. Both HPP and PEF are quite effective in inactivating harmful pathogens and vegetative bacteria at ambient temperatures. Both HPP and PEF do not present any unique issues for food processors concerning regulatory matters or labeling. The requirements are similar to traditional thermal pasteurization such as development of a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan for juices and beverages. Examples of high pressure, pasteurized, value added products commercially available in the United States include smoothies, fruit juices, guacamole, ready meal components, oysters, ham, poultry products, and salsa. PEF technology is not yet widely utilized for commercial processing of food products in the United States. The presentation will provide a brief overview of HPP and PEF technology fundamentals, equipment choices for food processors, process economics, and commercialization status in the food industry, with emphasis on juice processing. Paper published with permission.
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Perry, Randall S., and Vera M. Kolb. "From Darwin to Mars: desert varnish as a model for preservation of complex (bio)chemical systems." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Richard B. Hoover and Alexei Y. Rozanov. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.513383.

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Reports on the topic "Chemical Preservation"

1

Salminen, Esa, Risto Valo, Maarit Korhonen, and Rikard Jernlås. Wood preservation with chemicals. Nordisk Ministerråd, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2014-550.

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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.
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