Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical pulp mill

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical pulp mill'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical pulp mill"

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Madan, Sangeeta, Preeti Sachan, and Utkarsh Singh. "A review on bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent – An alternative to conventional remedial technologies." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1632.

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At present, a large amount of water required for paper production and various chemicals has been identified in effluents, which is produced at different steps of paper making in paper mills. The pulp and paper industry is typically related to pollution difficulties related to high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, suspended solids, lignin and chlorinated compounds. Several studies have been made on eliminate these difficulties of pulp and paper effluents, the problem still continues. Although the physical and chemical methods are on the track of treatment, they are not on par with biological treatment because of cost ineffectiveness and residual effects. The biological treatment is known to be effective in reducing the organic load and toxic effects of paper mill effluents. Some microorganisms including bacteria and fungi have been involved in degrading the chemicals present in pulp and paper mill effluent. This article is an overview of the attempts made by several researchers worldwide to use biotechnological methods for degradation of the toxic compounds present in pulp and paper mill effluents by using fungi, bacteria, algae and enzymes. The current study clearly shows that application of native dominant bacterial and fungal isolates may be used forthe treatment of large pulp and paper mills effluents.
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Mendoza Martinez, Clara Lisseth, Ekaterina Sermyagina, and Esa Vakkilainen. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chemical and Biological Pulp Mill Sludges." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 5693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185693.

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A modern pulp mill generates a variety of different by-products and waste streams, some of these can be recycled, refined, sold, or used on-site for energy production. However, some, such as chemical and biological sludges produced in wastewater treatment cannot be reused or disposed of easily, mainly due to their high moisture content and poor drying characteristics. Tightening legislation regarding waste disposal as well as the growing need to increase the process efficiencies of pulp mills act as driving forces to find environmentally friendly and energy-efficient techniques for pulp mill sludge treatment. This study summarizes the current methods for pulp mill sludge handling and evaluates the potential of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), a conversion process through which wet organic substrates can be transformed into a carbonaceous material (hydrochar). Depending on the process parameters, the material’s structure is modified, enabling hydrochar use in energy, soil conditioning and adsorption applications. The sludges were hydrothermally carbonized at 180, 200, 220 and 240 °C for 3 h. The hydrochar and liquid products’ main properties were analyzed. Their potential applications were also evaluated. The effective treatment of sludges from the pulp industry with HTC could transform energy-demanding waste into a value-added source of materials.
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Kenefick, S. L., B. G. Brownlee, T. R. Perley, and S. E. Hrudey. "A chemical and sensory study of odour compounds in the Athabasca River, Alberta, Canada." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 11 (June 1, 1995): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0390.

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As of early 1993, the Athabasca River received effluent from one bleached kraft pulp mill (Mill A), three chemithermomechanical pulp and paper mills, one oil sands extraction and upgrading plant and a number of municipal effluents. In the latter half of 1993 a second bleached kraft pulp mill (Mill B) began operation midway along the river. An investigation was carried out to characterize the odours in the river water using both chemical and sensory methods, in a pre- and post-operational study of the second bleached kraft mill. Both surveys were carried out under ice during low flow conditions. Samples were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after extraction using a closed-loop stripping apparatus (CLSA). In addition, sensory analysis by flavour profile panel and olfactory gas chromatography of the CLSA extracts were performed. In 1993 all analytical methods confirmed that compounds characteristic of bleached kraft mill effluent were detectable for more than 950 km downstream from Mill A and that this effluent was the major source of odour to the Athabasca River. Chemical and sensory results for 1994 samples (collected after Mill B began operation) indicated a decrease in the impact of Mill A compared with the 1993 survey. The Mill B effluent had distinctive odour but its impact on the river was difficult to detect due to dilution and background odour from the Mill A effluent.
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HART, PETER W. "The chemical versus energy cost tug of war: A pulp mill perspective." July 2011 10, no. 7 (August 1, 2011): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.7.37.

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As the cost of energy and processing chemicals changes, the optimal, lowest cost operating conditions within a pulp mill also change. Additionally, the optimal cost operating point within one area of the mill may not result in a total mill low cost operation. Three practical pulp mill examples have been analyzed under varying cost constraints for energy and chemicals to determine the impact of energy and chemical cost changes on the low cost operating point. These examples include changing the digester kappa number target, changing the brownstock washing dilution factor, and the conversion of a continuous digester from one type of cooking process to a lower energy cooking process. Selected mill operating results and laboratory data were employed to tune various process simulation models to obtain cost predictions over a wide range of operating conditions.
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Panneerselvam, L. "Water Pollution Abatement in Small Paper Mills in India." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0006.

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In order to reduce the demand for the forest based raw materials by the organised industrial sectors like the large integrated pulp and paper mills, the Government of India started promoting several small-scale pulp and paper mills based on non-wood agricultural residue raw materials. However promotion of these small mills has created another environmental problem i.e. severe water pollution due to non-recovery of chemicals. Because of the typical characteristics like high silica content etc. of the black liquor produced and the subsequent high capital investment needed for a recovery system, it is not economically feasible for the small Indian mills to recover the chemicals. While the quantity of wastewater generated per tonne of paper produced by a small mill is same as from a large integrated pulp and paper mill with a chemical recovery system, their BOD load is four times higher, due to non recovery of chemicals. However the existing wastewater disposal standards are uniform for large and small mills for e.g. 30 mg BOD/l. To meet these standards, the small mills have to install a capital intensive wastewater treatment plant with heavy recurring operating costs. Therefore the feasible alternative is to implement various pollution abatement measures, with the objective of not only reducing the fibre/chemical loss but also to reduce the investment and operating costs of the final wastewater treatment system. To illustrate this approach, a case study on water pollution abatement and control in a 10 TPD mill, will be discussed.
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ALLEN, LAWRENCE H., and ALAIN GAGNÉ. "Effects of Acetone Extractives in Gray-Stage Lodgepole Pine Killed by Mountain Pine Beetles." February 2011 10, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.2.47.

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The mountain pine beetle epidemic in British Columbia is leaving behind vast stands of dead pine trees to be harvested. Several years after death, when the needles have fallen off, the trees are referred to as gray-stage. The trees’ natural defense system when attacked is to pitch out the beetles by producing large amounts of canal resin to flood the beetles’ bore holes; hence, changes in wood resin (extractives) will accompany beetle attack. Increased extractives concentration has been shown in the final bleached pulp in a kraft mill pulping a large proportion of gray-stage pine wood killed by the mountain pine beetle. Similar to the wood extractives content in gray-stage pine chips, pulp extractives in gray-stage mill pulps are variable and can occasionally be high (e.g., > 0.05%), likely because of the composition of the extractives in the incoming chips. Although this usually does not cause pitch problems in the pulp mill and its customer paper mills, kraft mills that sell gray-stage pulp to extractives-sensitive customers should check extractives content before shipment to make sure it is not unacceptably high.
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Hu, Thomas Q., Michelle Zhao, Paul Bicho, and Pierre Losier. "A method for estimating wood chip brightness and its applications1This article is a contribution to the series The Role of Sensors in the New Forest Products Industry and Bioeconomy." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 11 (November 2011): 2114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-059.

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Methods for estimating wood chip brightness are important in classifying wood chips in chip piles, stabilizing chip brightness in the pulping process, and reducing bleaching chemical consumption in pulp mills. They also allow us to understand and control factors including outdoor storage in the summer that affect chip and pulp brightness. An accurate off-line method for estimating wood chip brightness has been developed. The method involves a two-stage grinding of air-dried wood chips to powders with small particle sizes and narrow size distributions and measurement of ISO (International Standardization Organization) brightness of the resulting powders. Using this method, ISO brightness values of 20 mill or pilot-plant thermomechanical pulps (TMP) can be linearly correlated, with an r2 value of 0.885, with ISO brightness of the mill or pilot-plant wood chips. Analyses of wood chips and TMP samples taken from a TMP mill every month for 1 year show that both the chip and TMP brightness values are the lowest in July. The method can be used for laboratory analysis of chip brightness, monitoring of chip brightness monthly variation in pulp mills, and checking the accuracy of the on-line chip brightness measurement system.
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Vargas, R., J. R. Sanjuán D., J. A. Silva G., J. Rivera P., F. J. Fuentes T., and H. G. Richter. "Properties of bleached pulp sheets of avocado wood (Persea americana Mill.) pulped by Kraft and Soda processes." Madera y Bosques 12, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/myb.2006.1211248.

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Chips of avocado wood (Persea americana Mill.) were pulped by means of conventional Soda and Kraft pulping processes. The pulps were bleached with an elemental-chlorine-free sequence OD1-Eop-D2, pre-setting reaction conditions for the first chlorine dioxide stage (D1) . The results show that during the chemical pulping process, avocado wood is easier to cook than other hardwoods such as eucalyptus. The avocado pulp also showed a very good bleachability, reaching brightness levels of up to 92% ISO compared to 84% for eucalyptus after the ECF bleaching sequence. The avocado Kraft pulps required more chemical input in the bleaching sequence than the Soda pulps. On the other hand, the physico-mechanical properties of the pulp were not notably reduced by the bleaching process, the Kraft pulp being stronger than the soda pulp. Strength properties of avocado are similar to those of eucalyptus; therefore this raw material constitutes a worthwhile choice for cellulosic fiber supply.
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KORPUNEN, HEIKKI, PEKKA VIRTANEN, OLLI DAHL, PAULA JYLHÄ, and JORI UUSITALO. "An activity-based cost calculation for a kraft pulp mill." September 2012 11, no. 9 (October 1, 2012): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj11.9.19.

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This study introduces an activity-based costing (ABC) method for a kraft pulp mill. Our ABC model defines the production resources and costs for each process in a chemical pulp mill and allocates the costs to pulp, energy, bark, turpentine, and crude tall oil. The production processes include receiving, unloading and debarking of pulpwood, chipping, chip screening, chip storing, cooking and in-digester washing, pulp washing and screening, oxygen delignification, bleaching, drying, and chemical recovery. We also tested the effect of Scots pine pulpwood properties on the profitability of a virtual greenfield pulp mill located in Finland, where it produced 600000 air-dried (a.d.) metric tons of bleached market pulp annually. Total annual production costs were approximately EUR 216 million (USD 285 million), of which chemical recovery comprised the biggest share (almost 39%). According to the results, the price of market pulp had the most significant effect on the profitability of the mill. The pulpwood properties did not clearly affect pulp production costs; the wood procurement costs had more influence on the profitability of the value chain. Our results also indicate that the profitability of pulp making is strongly dependent on the prices of electricity and heat. This is because the mill is customer and seller in energy markets. ABC proved to be a useful tool and accurate method for cost calculation in this highly competitive branch of the forest industry.
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JACOBY, MITCH. "CATALYTIC CLEANUP AT THE PULP MILL." Chemical & Engineering News 80, no. 12 (March 25, 2002): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n012.p039.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical pulp mill"

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Boissinot, Philippe. "Photooxidation of a TM pulp and paper mill effluent with hydrogen peroxide." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24051.

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The photooxidation of a Thermo-Mechanical (TM) pulp and paper mill effluent with hydrogen peroxide $ rm(H sb2O sb2)$ was investigated at different experimental conditions by using a batch photochemical reactor operating at a dominant UV light wavelength of 253.7 nm. Photolysis of $ rm H sb2O sb2$ produces hydroxyl radicals ($ cdot$OH), which are very powerful oxidizing species. The effluent consisted of a "heat condensate" obtained from toxic vapors generated during various stages of the pulping process. Several operational parameters were varied and their effects on the process were observed and analyzed, in order to achieve its optimization. In addition, heterogeneous photocatalysts such as cupric oxide (CuO) were also investigated as a complement to the photooxidation process.
The main parameter used to determine the quality of the wastewater before and after photooxidation was the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), using a closed reflux standard procedure. COD values of the treated solution were determined at subsequent time intervals and used to draw curves illustrating the rate of oxidation of the wastewater. Other parameters, such as Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and dissolved lignin concentration, were investigated towards the end of the research in order to obtain a more complete characterization of the quality of the wastewater after treatment.
The experimental data reveal that there is an optimal $ rm H sb2O sb2$ concentration that is best suited for the photooxidation of the effluent. Moreover, an increase in temperature accelerates the rate of elimination of COD. An increase in effluent concentration is detrimental to the speed of the process, since it causes an increase in its absorbance which can act as a barrier against UV light. The efficiency of the photooxidation process is not affected by variations in the initial pH of the wastewater. Cupric oxide (CuO), when exposed to UV light, efficiently catalyzes the production of OH radicals and is therefore very beneficial to the photooxidation process.
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Keshav, Pratish. "Optimisation of an industrial scale ball mill using an online pulp and ball load sensor." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16463.

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The secondary milling circuit at Waterval UG2 Concentrator had undergone a circuit change with the commissioning of the IsaMill, a horizontally stirred mill, in parallel with the secondary ball mill. The operation treats the PGM bearing UG2 ore type and produces a final concentrate enriched with PGM's. The concept was to treat the finer silicate rich fraction in the IsaMill and the coarser chromite rich fraction through the ball mill. This circuit is typical of a UG2 plant in which maximum silicate with minimal chromite breakage is targeted. As a result of the circuit change an opportunity for optimisation around the industrial scale ball mill was considered for this study. Of concern in this study were new operating conditions for the mill in the changed circuit at which improved performance could be obtained. Another objective was to investigate if a difference in breakage response for the silicate and chromite fractions could be identified for different operating conditions in the ball mill. The secondary mill at Waterval UG2 Concentrator was already fitted with an online ball and pulp load sensor, the Sensomag. The information obtained from the sensor is in the form of shoulder and toe positions for the ball and pulp filling in the rotating ball mill. The mill was surveyed at various ball filling and mill % solids conditions and information from the online sensor was used to understand the mill performance, particularly with regards to mill load behaviour. Hence a final objective was to demonstrate that the information obtained from the online sensor could be related to mill operating conditions. The sensor output was envisioned to eventually form part of the mill control philosophy. Samples were taken of the mill feed and discharge streams at the different operating conditions and analysed for grind as well as PGM and Cr₂O₃ content. The majority of the PGM's in the UG2 ore are in the silicates and thus the PGM distribution results would indicate the amount of breakage in the silicate fraction. Cr₂O₃ is used as an indicator of the chromite content in UG2 ore. In order to identify optimum mill performance the results were analysed using different measures which include general grind, particle and species distributions, reduction ratios, sieve efficiencies and specific energy. By comparing the results the differences and limitations of certain techniques were identified. It was found that the mill performance varied at different operating conditions. The optimum ball filling was found to be around 30%, which is similar to site operational target. The optimal % solids for this mill however seems to be higher than what the mill is typically operated at. No peak in % solids for mill performance was obtained. Scope exists to determine how far from the investigated maximum of 75% solids (by mass) does the optimum in-mill density lie for this mill. Thus new optimum conditions in terms of % solids do exist for the mill in the modified circuit. Results also showed that the size reduction of the silicates increased with an increase in mill % solids and ball filling degree. For chromite, the mill % solids did not appear to have any effect at low ball fillings, but a slight shift was observed at the higher ball fillings tested. The trend suggests that the size reduction of both silicates and chromite increased with an increase in ball filling, albeit at different rates. Finally, the test work has demonstrated that the online sensor outputs can be related to mill performance. Differences in shoulder and toe positions for the ball and pulp loads were distinct between operating conditions. Improved grind performance was observed at conditions that resulted in lower free pulp angles. Thus the sensor could be used as a control tool to identify and maintain optimum mill operational conditions. The Sensomag should be incorporated into a mill controller that looks at more than just mill ball filling. Conditions that result in optimum mill efficiency can be identified and the mill may be controlled using the sensor data. It is recommended that the mill continue to be run at 30% ball filling and at higher mill % solids than the maximum reached in this work.
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Patil, Ravikant Amogisidha. "Production of acetic acid in kraft pulp mill biorefinery using bi-polar membrane electrodialysis." Thesis, The University of Maine, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10300301.

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The objective of this dissertation was to develop a process for the production of acetic acid in kraft mills. Acetyl groups in hardwood can be hydrolyzed using alkali at 50 °C. The product from this process contains about 15 g/L of sodium acetate and was determined to be suitable for the production of acetic acid.

Experiments performed using aqueous sodium acetate to evaluate the ability of electrodialysis (ED) to separate and concentrate sodium acetate showed that sodium acetate can be concentrated up to 275 g/L starting with an initial concentration of 17 g/L. The transport of water with sodium and acetate ions through ED membranes limited the maximum obtainable concentration.

To avoid the deleterious effects of white liquor on ED, selectivity experiments were performed using synthetic oxidized white liquor extract. These experiments showed a decrease in the efficiency of ED process due to the presence of sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate in the extract. Hence, it was concluded that caustic should be used as the extraction solvent.

Bi-polar electrodialysis (BPMED) experiments performed using sodium acetate showed that up to 200-280 g/L of acetic acid can be produced using BPMED. Although higher concentrations of sodium hydroxide can also be produced using BPMED, 30 g/L concentration was considered to be sufficient for recycle to the extraction process.

Feed and bleed mode BPMED experiments were performed to determine the current efficiencies and the suitable inlet concentration of sodium acetate for the production of up to 200 g/L of acetic acid. Both feed and bleed mode and batch experiments showed that the current density was the major driving force for BPMED.

Two types of concentrated wood extracts; namely (1) clarified and (2) unclarified were prepared with and without the lignin removal pre-treatment, respectively. The results of the ED and BPMED experiments performed using these extracts were similar to those of the synthetic sodium acetate. A major difference involved an increase of about 15% in electric energy consumption arising from the transport of formate, lactate and glycolate salts. The color of the anionic membranes slightly changed after processing unclarified extract through ED and BPMED.

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Rodriguez-Chiang, Lourdes. "Enhancement of methane production from the anaerobic digestion of chemical pulp and paper mill effluents." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669251.

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Sustainability of resources such as energy, water and waste have become important drivers in our current economy. For large industries that are water and energy intensive like pulp and paper (P&P) mills, this is a specifically relevant issue. The large and heterogenous volumes of effluents in P&P mills make it a difficult task to properly treat before discharge. Anaerobic digestion is an efficient wastewater technology that cleans the effluent, reduces wasted sludge and simultaneously produces methane that can be further used as energy. The research work described in this thesis aims to enhance the methane production from the anaerobic digestion of different chemical P&P mill effluents. Through effluent characterization, variability of process parameters, promoting agents and the assessment of biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests, the benefits of three potential methods to enhance methane yields of wastewaters were evaluated. In addition, the conversion of chemical pulp fibers directly to methane was explored. The attained results described the different improvements that can be made to enhance methane production. Easily degradable effluents such as hydrolyzed filtrates and evaporator condensates contain high concentrations of sugars and acetic acid respectively, which could encourage an oversaturation of acids during acidogenesis. An inoculum to substrate ratio (ISR) of 2 proved to be the optimal in order to add the required buffering capacity to neutralize the pH and produce significantly high methane yields of up to 333 mLCH4/gVS. The high productivity of these effluents can be then considered for co-digestion with harder to treat effluents such as lignin-rich streams. Lignin clearly hinders methane production indicated by the negative linear correlation found between lignin content and methane yield. The co-digestion of lignin-rich effluent with evaporator condensates from neutral sulfite semi-chemical (NSSC) pulping proved to enhance the overall methane productivity of the mill´s wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the assessment of hydrotalcites (HT) addition indicated a contribution towards an increase in methane yield, faster production rates and a greater lignin removal. The poor performance of calcined HT suggests that the advantages of HT addition came from the layered sheet structure. Finally, besides establishing the methane potential in various P&P effluents, the examination of methane productivity of different pulp fibers and its products proved to be a promising new energy alternative to explore. Brown, oxygen delignified and bleached pulp gathered biodegradabilities of up to 90% and methane yields as high as 380 mLCH4/gVS. With the current changing bio-economy this last approach paves the way in exploring alternative and novel uses for chemical pulp mill products.
La sostenibilidad en la gestión de recursos como la energía, el agua y los residuos se ha convertido en un aspecto clave en nuestra economía actual. Para grandes industrias que consumen mucha agua y energía, como la industria de pulpa y papel (P&P) este es un tema especialmente relevante. Los grandes y heterogéneos volúmenes de efluentes que producen las fábricas de P&P hacen que su adecuado tratamiento sea una tarea difícil. La digestión anaerobia es una tecnología eficiente para el tratamiento de aguas residuales; que limpia el efluente, reduce el lodo producido y simultáneamente produce metano que puede usarse como fuente de energía. El objetivo del trabajo de investigación descrito en esta tesis es aumentar la producción de metano a partir de la digestión anaerobia de diferentes efluentes producidos en fábricas de pulpa. A través de la caracterización del efluente, determinación de parámetros del proceso, agentes promotores y la evaluación de pruebas de producción de metano bioquímico se evaluaron los beneficios de tres métodos potenciales para mejorar los rendimientos de metano de los efluentes. Asimismo, se exploró la conversión directa de fibras de pulpa química a metano. Los efluentes fácilmente degradables, como los filtrados hidrolizados y los condensados del evaporador, contienen altas concentraciones de azúcares y ácido acético, respectivamente, lo que podría provocar una sobresaturación de ácidos durante la acidogénesis. Se ha demostrado que una relación de inóculo a sustrato de 2 resulta óptima para aumentar la capacidad tampón del sistema y neutralizar el pH y producir rendimientos de metano significativamente altos, de hasta 333 mLCH4/gVS. La alta productividad de estos efluentes hace que se puedan considerar para la co-digestión con efluentes más difíciles de tratar, como las aguas ricas en lignina. Claramente la lignina obstaculiza la producción de metano, tal y como indica la correlación lineal negativa encontrada entre el contenido de lignina y el rendimiento de metano. La co-digestión del efluente rico en lignina con el condensado de evaporadores de pulpa semi-química de sulfito ha demostrado mejorar la productividad de metano en el tratamiento de aguas residuales de la planta. Además, la adición de hidrotalcitas (HT) como catatlizadores contribuye hacia un aumento en la producción de metano, tasas de producción más rápidas y una mayor eliminación de lignina. Con HT calcinadas se han obtenido rendimientos bajos, lo que sugiere que las ventajas de la adición de HT provienen de su estructura laminar. Finalmente, además de establecer el potencial de metano que existen en los efluentes de P&P, la evaluación de la productividad de metano de diferentes fibras de pulpa y sus productos ha demostrado ser una nueva alternativa energética para explorar. El uso de pulpa blanqueada, sin blanquear y deslignificada con oxígeno muestran biodegradabilidades de hasta 90% y rendimientos de metano de hasta 380 mLCH4/gVS. Con la cambiante bioeconomía actual, este último enfoque estimula la exploración de usos alternativos y novedosos para productos de plantas de pulpa química.
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Singh, Surendra. "The mechanism of fouling and synthetic membrane development for treating coating plant effluent from a pulp and paper mill." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/NQ46546.pdf.

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Leiviskä, T. (Tiina). "Coagulation and size fractionation studies on pulp and paper mill process and wastewater streams." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514260889.

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Abstract This thesis aims to increase our knowledge about the characteristics of chemical pulp process and wastewaters and how problematic substances, e.g. wood extractives, could be removed effectively and selectively by coagulation–flocculation with either internal or external water treatment. Characterization was performed by investigating kraft pulp bleaching filtrates, as well as wastewater, before (influent) and after (effluent) the activated sludge treatment by means of a range of chemical analyses and by carrying out size fractionation studies. Cationic polyelectrolytes were used to purify oxygen stage bleaching filtrate, and charge analyses (zeta potential, charge quantity) were carried out in order to understand the coagulation phenomenon. In activated sludge treatment, the enhancement of particle removal, either by filtration or using a chemical in the primary clarifier, would lead to savings in aeration costs and result in a more stable process. Microfiltration already with a large pore size (8 µm) removed 30–50% of the wood extractives from the influent. Separate treatment stages for certain wastewater fractions, e.g. debarking plant effluent, would ensure cost-efficiency. After the activated sludge process, the wood extractives were present as particles (18%) and < 3 kDa fraction (82%). β-sitosterol occurred only in particles in the effluent. The release of harmful components into the environment could be decreased by microfiltration (e.g. 0.45 µm) of the final effluent or using a chemical in the secondary clarifier. Interestingly a huge increase in BOD was realized in the 3 kDa fraction of both influent and effluent, which indicated the presence of toxic substances in the larger fractions. After passing the effluent into the water system, there might be a similar jump in the BOD because the effluent is diluted many-fold. This would contribute to the formation of areas with an oxygen deficit. In the coagulation–flocculation studies, effective and selective removal of wood extractives (92%) from the oxygen stage filtrate was obtained with a cationic polyelectrolyte of medium molecular weight and medium charge density at 72 °C and pH 5–6. The multimodal zeta potential distribution gave more information than the average zeta potential. Aggregation of colloidal particles occurred when only one zeta potential was observed. The number of different zeta potentials diminished with decreasing pH and after exceeding a certain polyelectrolyte dosage level.
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Arango, Munoz Paty. "Stripper Modification of a Standard MEA Process for Heat Integration with a Pulp Mill." Thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289162.

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De 20 största massabruken i Sverige släpper tillsammans ut ungefär 20 miljoner ton CO2 per år. Dessa utsläpp har biogent ursprung och anses därför vara klimatneutrala. Massa- och pappersindustrin är därmed en lämplig kandidat för implementeringen av BECCS (eng. Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage) och har en betydande potential att nå de, av den svenska regeringen, uppsatta klimatmålen som säger att Sverige inte ska några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären senast år 2045. I detta examensarbete simulerades kemiska absorptions- och desorptionsprocesser med MEA som lösningsmedel genom att tillämpa den hastighetsbaserade metoden i en rigorös modell i Aspen Plus. Stripper- och absorptionsmodellerna validerades innan standardprocessen modifierades till en konfiguration som möjliggör värmeintegration av koldioxidinfångningens överskottsvärme med, exempelvis, ett sulfatmassabruk. Avskiljningsgraden och laddning hos den mättade lösningen användes som prestandaindikatorer för att validera absorptionskolonnerna. Återkokarens energiåtgång och laddning hos den omättade lösningen användes somprestandaindikatorer för att validera stripperkolonnerna. Samtliga kolonner dimensionerades för att erhålla 90 vikt% avskiljningsgrad. Olika flödeshastigheter av lösningsmedlet testades för att säkerställa effektivt nyttjande av packningen i absorptions- och stripperkolonnerna. Lämpliga temperaturnivåer för värmeintegration, inom och utanför, koldioxidinfångningen erhölls genom att utvärdera olika varianter av en stripper-overhead-kompression konfiguration. Utvärderingen av den modifierade MEA processen tog hänsyn till potentialen för ångbesparing och energieffektivisering. Resultat från simuleringarna tyder på att den modifierade strippern skulle kunna ge besparingar på upp emot 11 % i ånganvändning. Energibesparingar i samma storleksordning kunde även erhållas genom värmeintegration mellan koldioxidinfångningen och en särskild process i ett referensbruk. Implementering av BECCS-konceptet på det här sättet skulle därmed kunna bli ett mer attraktivt alternativ för den svenska massa- och pappersindustrin att bekämpa klimatförändringarna.
The 20 largest pulp mills in Sweden emit around 20 million tonnes of CO2 per year. These emissions are considered carbon-neutral since they originate from biogenic sources. The pulp and paper industry is therefore a good candidate for the application of BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage) and has the potential to play a significant role for reaching the long-term mitigation target set by the Swedish government that Sweden should be climate-neutral by year 2045. In this thesis, a MEA-based chemical absorption and desorption process was rigorously modelled in Aspen Plus using the rate-based method. Validation of the absorber and stripper model was conducted before the standard process was modified to a configuration that enables heat integration of a significant amount of excess heat from the capture process in, for example, a Kraft pulp mill. CO2 removal rate and rich solvent loading were used as performance indicators to validate the absorber columns. The reboiler duty and lean solvent loading served as performance indicators in the stripper validation. The columns were dimensioned considering 90 wt% capture rate. Efficient use of the entire packing in the absorber and stripper columns was ensured by testing different solvent flow rates. Suitable temperature levels for heat integration, within and across the capture plant, were obtained through an assessment of different versions of a stripper overhead compression configuration. The evaluation of the modified MEA processes took into account the steam conservation potential and energy efficiency potential. The simulation results indicate that the modified stripper may lead to savings of up to 11% in steam consumption. Heat integration between the capture plant and a specific process in a reference Kraft pulp mill resulted in energy savings of the same order of magnitude. Thereby, making the BECCS concept a more attractive solution for the Swedish pulp and paper industry to mitigate climate change.
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Kommineni, Sunil. "Mechanistic study of ultrafiltration membrane fouling in the separation of molecular-size characterized pulp and paper mill effluents." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284936.

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The use of ultrafiltration (UF) to treat pulp mill effluents is limited by fouling of membrane surfaces and pores. In prior studies with pulp mill effluents, no efforts were made to relate the molecular-size distribution of the solute molecules to the membrane fouling mechanisms. This dissertation presents a novel protocol for obtaining certain essential size distribution parameters, such as, the average molecular weight (M(w)), average molecular number (M(n)) and heterogeneity index (HI) to describe complex industrial wastewaters including the extraction (E)-stage effluent. This novel molecular sizing protocol was verified using challenge solutions containing solutes of known molecular weight. In these tests, the measured M(w)'s were within ±5% of the expected M(w)'s. A comprehensive model to describe the UF membrane productivity during the treatment of E-stage effluent was developed. This model accounts for variations in membrane, feed water and operational variables. The feed water variables that were incorporated into the model include molecular size distribution, viscosity and concentration. Also, included in the model are the operational variables such as trans-membrane pressure and cross-flow velocity. This model predicted the fluxes for the E- and oxygenated E-stage (E₀) effluents within an error of 9%. The UF membrane fouling by E-stage effluent was quantified employing fouling potential factors. An increase in the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the membranes resulted in increased irreversible fouling possibly by increased pore plugging. Lower irreversible fouling was observed for pulp mill effluents with high M(w)'s. The role of surfactants in reducing the membrane fouling was also discussed. The ratio of M(w) of feed wastewater to the MWCO of the membrane, denoted by λ, effectively represents the ratio of the average diameter of the solute molecule to the nominal diameter of the pore. Membrane rejection and fouling potentials were related to λ. The measured apparent diffusion (D) and mass transfer (k) coefficients for the E- and E₀-stage effluents across the membranes were found to confirm to D ∼ M(w)⁻⁽⁰·³³ ᵗᵒ ⁰·⁴⁸⁾ and k ∼ D⁰·⁶⁶.
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Naqvi, Muhammad Raza. "Analysing performance of bio-refinery systems by integrating black liquor gasification with chemical pulp mills." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-95524.

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Mitigation of climate change and energy security are major driving forces for increased biomass utilization. The pulp and paper industry consumes a large proportion of the biomass worldwide including bark, wood residues, and black liquor. Due to the fact that modern mills have established infrastructure for handling and processing biomass, it is possible to lay foundation for future gasification based bio-refineries to poly-produce electricity, chemicals or bio-fuels together with pulp and paper products. There is a potential to export electricity or bio-fuels by improving energy systems of existing chemical pulp mills by integrating gasification technology. The present study investigates bio-fuel alternatives from the dry black liquor gasification (BLG) system with direct causticization and direct methane production from the catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system. The studied systems are compared with bio-fuel alternatives from the Chemrec BLG system and the improvements in the energy systems of the pulp mill are analyzed. The results are used to identify the efficient route based on system performance indicators e.g. material and energy balances to compare BLG systems and the conventional recovery boiler system, potential biofuel production together with biomass to biofuel conversion efficiency, energy ratios, potential CO2 mitigation combining on-site CO2 reduction using CO2 capture and potential CO2 offsets from biofuel use, and potential motor fuel replacement. The results showed that the dry BLG system for synthetic natural gas (SNG) production offers better integration opportunities with the chemical pulp mill in terms of overall material and energy balances. The biofuel production and conversion efficiency are higher in the CHG system than other studied configurations but at a cost of larger biomass import. The dry BLG system for SNG production achieved high biomass to biofuel efficiency and considerable biofuel production. The energy ratio is significant in the dry BLG (SNG) system with less biomass demand and considerable net steam production in the BLG island. The elimination of the lime kiln in the dry BLG systems resulted in reduced consequences of incremental biomass import and associated CO2 emissions. Hydrogen production in the dry BLG system showed the highest combined CO2 mitigation potential i.e. on-site CO2 capture potential and CO2 offset from biofuel replacing fossil fuel. The results also showed that the motor fuel replacement potential with SNG as compressed natural gas (CNG) replacing gasoline in the transport sector is significantly high in countries with large pulp industry.
QC 20120528
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Rothpfeffer, Caroline. "From wood to waste and waste to wood : aspects on recycling waste products from the pulp mill to the forest soil /." Uppsala : Dept. of Forest Soils, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200783.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Chemical pulp mill"

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International, IFAC/IFIP/IMEKO Conference on Instrumentation and Automation in the Paper Rubber Plastics and Polymerization Industries (6th 1986 Akron Ohio). Instrumentation and automation in the paper, rubber, plastics, and polymerization industries, 1986: Selected papers from the 6th IFAC/IFIP/IMEKO Conference, Akron, Ohio, USA, 27-29 October 1986. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Published for the International Federation of Automatic Control by Pergamon Press, 1987.

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Howell, David R. Industrial materials for the future R&D strategies: A case study of boiler materials for the pulp and paper industry. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2003.

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Canada. Industrial Sectors Branch. Renewable Resources Division., ed. Guidelines for preparing or reviewing an emergency response plan for a Canadian pulp and paper mill. Ottawa: Environment Canada, 1994.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, ed. Chemical recovery combustion sources at kraft and soda pulp mills: Technical support document. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1996.

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Zhuang, Wenshan. Extractable organochlorine in fish downstream from bleached kraft pulp mills: Occurrence, chemical nature and sources. 2002.

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IFAC, International, IFIP, Rubber, Plastics, and Polymerization Industries (6th : 1986 : Akron, Ohio) IMEKO Conference on Instrumentation and Automation in the Paper, and A. Kaya. Instrumentation and Automation in the Paper, Rubber, Plastics, and Polymerization Industries 1986: Selected Papers from the 6th Ifac/Ifip/Imeko Conference, ... 27-29 October 1986 (I F a C Symposia Series). Pergamon, 1988.

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IFAC, International, IFIP, Rubber, Plastics, and Polymerization Industries (6th : 1986 : Akron, Ohio) IMEKO Conference on Instrumentation and Automation in the Paper, and A. Kaya. Instrumentation and Automation in the Paper, Rubber, Plastics, and Polymerization Industries 1986: Selected Papers from the 6th Ifac/Ifip/Imeko Conference, ... 27-29 October 1986 (I F a C Symposia Series). Pergamon, 1988.

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Instrumentation and automation in the paper, rubber, plastics and polymerization industries, 1986: Selected papers from the 6th IFAC/IFIP/IMEKO conference, Akron, Ohio, USA, 27-29 October 1986. Oxford: Published for theInternational Federation of Automatic Control by Pergamon, 1987.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, ed. TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT: CHEMICAL RECOVERY COMBUSTION SOURCES AT KRAFT AND SODA PULP MILLS... EPA-453/R-96-012.. [S.l: s.n., 1998.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards., ed. TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT: CHEMICAL RECOVERY COMBUSTION SOURCES AT KRAFT AND SODA PULP MILLS... EPA-453/R-96-012... [S.l: s.n., 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical pulp mill"

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Elaloui, Meriem, Abdelwahed Laamouri, Murielle Cerny, Celine Mathieu, Gerard Vilarem, and Brahim Hasnaoui. "Chemical Compositions of Fruit Pulp Extracts of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. in Tunisia." In Chinese Dates, 205–17. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2016. | Series: Functional foods and nutraceuticals | “A CRC title.”: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429160509-14.

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Engström, T., and U. Gytel. "Different Treatment Methods for Effluent from a Pulp Mill and their Influence on Fish Health and Propogation." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment VI, 317–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59791-6_29.

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Zainith, Surabhi, Pankaj Chowdhary, and Ram Naresh Bharagava. "Recent Advances in Physico-chemical and Biological Techniques for the Management of Pulp and Paper Mill Waste." In Emerging and Eco-Friendly Approaches for Waste Management, 271–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8669-4_13.

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Pais, Fátima, B. Gay, and A. Portugal. "XProcSim: An X Window Based GUI for the Dynamic Simulation of the Chemical Recovery Cycle of a Paper Pulp Mill." In Human-Machine Communication for Educational Systems Design, 307–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85104-9_38.

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Rodrigues, Alírio Egídio, Paula Cristina de Oliveira Rodrigue Pinto, Maria Filomena Barreiro, Carina Andreia Esteves da Costa, Maria Inês Ferreira da Mota, and Isabel Fernandes. "Chemical Pulp Mills as Biorefineries." In An Integrated Approach for Added-Value Products from Lignocellulosic Biorefineries, 1–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99313-3_1.

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de Almeida, Gustavo Matheus, and Song Won Park. "Fault Detection in Continuous Industrial Chemical Processes: A New Approach Using the Hidden Markov Modeling. Case Study: A Boiler from a Brazilian Cellulose Pulp Mill." In Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning - IDEAL 2012, 743–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32639-4_88.

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Mockos, Gregory R., William A. Smith, Frank J. Loge, and David N. Thompson. "Selective Enrichment of a Methanol-Utilizing Consortium Using Pulp and Paper Mill Waste Streams." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 729–44. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-526-2_67.

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Kim, Jun Seok, Y. Y. Lee, and S. C. Park. "Pretreatment of Wastepaper and Pulp Mill Sludge by Aqueous Ammonia and Hydrogen Peroxide." In Twenty-First Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 129–39. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1392-5_9.

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Moritz, John W., and J. B. Duff Sheldon. "Ethanol Production from Spent Sulfite Liquor Fortified by Hydrolysis of Pulp Mill Primary Clarifier Sludge." In Seventeenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 689–98. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0223-3_66.

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Thomas, Susanna. "Production of Lactic Acid from Pulp Mill Solid Waste and Xylose Using Lactobacillus delbrueckii (NRRL B445)." In Twenty-First Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 455–68. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1392-5_37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical pulp mill"

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Leshchinskaya, Alexandra. "A. Leshchinskaya. MICROWAVE WOOD CHIP TREATMENT USE IN CHEMICAL PULP MANUFACTURING (TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC ASSESMENT)." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9706.

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MICROWAVE WOOD CHIP TREATMENT USE IN CHEMICAL PULP MANUFACTURING (TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC ASSESMENT) A. Leshchinskaya Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. 36 Stremyannyy Pereulok, 115093 Moscow, Russia, e-mail: alixfl@mail.ru] Keywords: chemical pulping, microwave wood modification, pulp, softwood, wood chips. Large volumes of cellulose are produced from wood chips by chemical methods. Low permeability of many wood species causes problems in the chemical pulp industry. These include: very long cooking times, high chemical consumption, large material losses, high energy consumption, and environmental pollution. New microwave (MW) wood modification technology can provide an increase in wood permeability for liquids and gases, which solves many of these problems. The technology works by applying intensive MW power to green wood, which generates steam pressure within wood cells. High internal pressure destroys weak elements of wood structure, opens pores and forms micro and macro cracks. A several thousand-fold increase in wood permeability can be achieved in species previously found to be impermeable to liquids and gases. It allows a significant increase in the speed of pulp cooking and improves a production processes. The study of the technology showed radical potential improvements in the pulp industry through: increase in mill throughput significant reduction of chemical consumptionreduction of energy consumption • increase in pulp quality and yield improvement of environmental performance. Pulp manufacturing process includs timber chipping, microwave chip treatment, steaming, cooking, washing, and pulp making. The use of MW wood chip treatment in pulp mills with outputs of 50,000 to 500,000 air dry tons (ADT) per year requires MW equipment with power from 1000 to 10,000 kW. Economic modelling of this technology used in different pulp mill conditions allowed assessment of the effect of capital costs, electricity costs, labour costs and other cost components to specific total costs of MW chip processing. Economic assessment of MW technology application showed that specific costs of softwood chip processing at electricity costs of 0.08 - 0.12 US$/kWh are 25.4 -33.7 US$/ADT of pulp. Electricity costs form the most significant part of the total specific costs of MW processing and form 51-69% shear in the total specific costs. Under the same conditions capital costs form 15-20% shear, and labour costs form 5-18% shear of the total specific costs. The electricity cost increase from $0.04 to $0.24/kWh provides specific MW processing cost rise by 2.7 to 3.1 times at pulp mill output range 50,000 to 500,000 ADT/year. New technology use allows benefits up to 7 – 22 Mil US$ per year for pulp mills with output of more than 200,000 ADT/year. The technology can be used by pulp mills with batch and continuous digesting and is not limited by mill throughput. Ecological impacts and high economic advantages of this MW technology application in pulp and paper industry provide good opportunity for commercialisation.
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Jigeng Li, Yanhui Zhang, and Huanbin Liu. "Simulation of multiple effect evaporators for energy-saving studies in a chemical pulp mill." In 2014 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2014.7053169.

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Consonni, Stefano, Eric D. Larson, and Ryan Katofsky. "An Assessment of Black Liquor Gasification Combined Cycles: Part A — Technological Issues and Performance Comparisons." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53179.

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Black liquor gasification (BLG) technologies are under active commercial development in the United States and Europe. BLG has been proposed as a future replacement for Tomlinson boilers to provide more efficient, safer, environmentally-friendlier, and more cost-competitive chemical and energy recovery at kraft pulp and paper mills. Also, some pulping process improvements are more readily implemented with BLG than with black liquor combustion. This is Part A of a two-part paper summarizing results of a large study supported by the US Department of Energy, the American Forest and Paper Association, the Southern Company, and the Tennessee Valley Authority to assess performances, emissions, costs and overall benefits of black liquor gasification combined cycle (BLGCC) technology for the U.S. kraft pulp and paper industry. Part A discusses the status of leading black liquor gasification technologies and presents detailed mass and energy balances for BLGCC integrated with a pulp and paper mill producing 1725 metric tons per day of uncoated freesheet paper. The corresponding nominal flow of black liquor solids is 6 million 1bs/day (or 438 MW of contained energy). Mass and energy balances are also presented at a comparable level of detail for state-of-the-art and advanced Tomlinson systems. Tomlinson performances are compared with that for three BLGCC configurations: (i) low-temperature, indirectly-heated gasifier coupled with a medium-power output heavy-duty gas turbine; (ii) high-temperature, oxygen-blown gasifier coupled with a medium-power output gas turbine; (iii) same high-temperature gasifier coupled with a utility-scale gas turbine, where the extra fuel input required to fully load the gas turbine is supplied by natural gas. With state-of-the-art Tomlinson technology, the integrated mill must import approximately 36 MW from the electric grid, which can be reduced to 11.5 MW with an advanced Tomlinson design. Medium-scale BLGCC allows export of 15–20 MW to the grid. This increases to 125 MW when the gasifier is coupled to the utility-scale gas turbine. The superior thermodynamic features of BLGCC are evidenced by the high ratio (0.5–0.9) of extra electricity generated by the BLGCC to extra fossil fuel purchased (higher heating value basis).
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Theis, Mischa, Bengt-Johan Skrifvars, Mikko Hupa, and Honghi Tran. "Fouling Tendency of Ash Resulting From Burning Mixtures of Biofuels." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78019.

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Specified mixtures of peat with bark and peat with straw were burned in a lab-scale entrained flow reactor that simulates conditions in the superheater region of a biomass-fired boiler. Deposits were collected on an air-cooled probe that was inserted into the reactor at the outlet. For both mixtures, the deposition behaviour followed a non-linear pattern, which suggests that physico-chemical interaction between the ashes of the different fuels has taken place. The results indicate that it is possible to burn up to 30 wt-% bark (renewable biofuel and pulp mill waste) and up to 70 wt-% straw (renewable biofuel and agricultural waste) in mixtures with peat without encountering increased deposition rates in the reactor. The deposit composition was compared to the fuel ash composition using chemical fractionation analysis and SEM/EDX. While the composition of deposits obtained from pure fuels resembles the feed composition, a considerable change is observed in deposits obtained from mixtures. K and S compounds are attached to Si spheres and the substrate surface. The deposition rate is significantly lowered when removing K, S, Cl and Na in bark prior to burning by washing and mechanical/thermal dewatering.
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Ahlroth, Mikael, and Gunnar Svedberg. "Case Study on Simultaneous Gasification of Black Liquor and Biomass in a Pulp Mill." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-350.

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One of the main limiting factors when a green field pulp mill intends to increase its production is the capacity of the Tomlinson boiler by which the cooking chemicals are recovered. Since a boiler of this kind has a service life of some thirty years and represents a substantial investment, it is not an easy decision to replace it for a minor production increase. This study takes a novel approach to the problem. The excess black liquor is assumed to be recovered in a black liquor gasifier, an emerging technology for alternative black liquor recovery. Black liquor gasification in itself has been studied considerably during the last decade. In this study it is combined with the gasification of biomass, i.e. bark and wood, which is already available at a pulp mill. The resulting hybrid energy system, with a gas turbine and a gas expander, offers interesting possibilities: good off-design performance and high efficiency with respect to the fuel quality.
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Chin, S. K., D. T. Tan, H. M. Tan, and P. E. Poh. "Preservation of mesophilic mixed culture for anaerobic palm oil mill effluent treatment by convective drying methods." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7295.

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While anaerobic digestion is a reliable method that treats the waste and produces renewable biomethane fuel, the necessary sludge in liquid form is difficult to handle due to the constant biogas generation. Therefore, this study investigates the possibility of convective air drying, namely heat pump and hot air circulation oven as preservation methods for anaerobic microbial sludge. Drying was conducted at various temperatures, ranging from 22℃ to 70℃. The study found that heat pump drying at 22℃ resulted in highest COD removal of 55.3% as well as the least log reduction in methanogens and anaerobes at 1.4 and 2.4, respectively.Keywords: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD); Heat pump drying; Hot air drying; Log reduction; Methane yield
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Czene, Tibor, and László Koltai. "The effect of the virgin fibers to the properties of different paper products." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p13.

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The products from paper are widely used materials with several benefits. The corrugated paper keeps items protected through long-distance logistic processes and constant shipping and handling. The corrugated boxboards are ideal options for any industry’s shipping, packaging and storage needs. Papers and cardboards are quite low cost and also provide environmental-friendly solutions, using recyclable materials such as used corrugated cartons and old newspapers. Recycling offers a reduction in environmental impact in densely populated regions and a large production of paper and board products. Generally, the use of recycled fiber produces paper with poorer mechanical properties due to the decrease in the interfiber bonding. The recycled pulp must be treated to restore its bonding strength, for which there are six methods possible: mechanical treatment, chemical additives, chemical treatment, fractionation, papermaking process modification and blending with virgin fiber. Although some mills produce 100% recycled paper, the majority augment their used pulp with some virgin fiber. Paper properties can be tailored within some ranges by modifying the properties of fibers, but the influence of fine quality on structure, strength and optical properties of paper can be even greater. The properties of papers are essentially determined by their raw materials. Most of these raw materials are made from 100% recycled fiber, but as the quality of the waste fiber varies, different chemicals must be used to provide the desired or expected properties. From an environmental and economic point of view, the use of primary fibers can be an alternative.
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Consonni, Stefano, Eric D. Larson, and Niklas Berglin. "Black Liquor-Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-273.

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The kraft process dominates pulp and paper production worldwide. Black liquor, a mixture of lignin and inorganic chemicals, is generated in this process as fiber is extracted from wood. At most kraft mills today, black liquor is burned in Tomlinson boilers to produce steam for on-site heat and power and to recover the inorganic chemicals for reuse in the process. Globally, the black liquor generation rate is about 85,000 MWfuel (or 0.5 million tonnes of dry solids per day), with nearly 50% of this in North America. The majority of presently-installed Tomlinson boilers will reach the end of their useful lives during the next 15 to 20 years. As a replacement for Tomlinson-based cogeneration, black liquor-gasifier/gas turbine cogeneration promises higher electrical efficiency, with prospective environmental, safety, and capital cost benefits for kraft mills. Several companies are pursuing commercialization of black liquor gasification for gas turbine applications. This paper presents results of detailed performance modeling of gasifier/gas turbine cogeneration systems using different black liquor gasifiers modeled on proposed commercial designs.
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Whitaker, Wade, Chris Bergren, and Mary Flora. "Utilizing the Right Mix of Environmental Cleanup Technologies." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7369.

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The Savannah River Site (SRS) Figure 1 is a 310-square-mile United States Department of Energy nuclear facility located along the Savannah River near Aiken, South Carolina. During operations, which started in 1951, hazardous substances (chemicals and radionuclides) were released to the environment. The releases occurred as a result of inadvertent spills and waste disposal in unlined pits and basins which was common practice before environmental regulations existed. The hazardous substances have migrated to the vadose zone and groundwater in many areas of the SRS, resulting in 515 waste units that are required by environmental regulations, to undergo characterization and, if needed, remediation. In the initial years of the SRS environmental cleanup program (early 1990s), the focus was to use common technologies (such as pump and treat, air stripping, excavation and removal) that actively and tangibly removed contamination. Exclusive use of these technologies required continued and significant funding while often failing to meet acceptable clean-up goals and objectives. Recognizing that a more cost-effective approach was needed, SRS implemented new and complementary remediation methods focused on active and passive technologies targeted to solve specific remediation problems. Today, SRS uses technologies such as chemical / pH-adjusting injection, phytoremediation, underground cutoff walls, dynamic underground stripping, soil fracturing, microbial degradation, baroballs, electrical resistance heating, soil vapor extraction, and microblowers to more effectively treat contamination at lower costs. Additionally, SRS’s remediation approach cost effectively maximizes cleanup as SRS works proactively with multiple regulatory agencies. Using GIS, video, animation, and graphics, SRS is able to provide an accurate depiction of the evolution of SRS groundwater and vadose zone cleanup activities to convince stakeholders and regulators of the effectiveness of various cleanup technologies. Remediating large, complex groundwater plumes using state of-the art technologies and approaches is a hallmark of years of experience and progress. Environmental restoration at SRS continues to be a challenging and dynamic process as new cleanup technologies and approaches are adopted.
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Reports on the topic "Chemical pulp mill"

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Frederick, W. J. Jr, A. W. Rudie, G. W. Schmidl, S. A. Sinquefield, G. L. Rorrer, M. L. Laver, W. Yantasee, and D. Ming. Control of the Accumulation of Non-Process Elements in Pulp Mills with Bleach Filtrate Reuse: A Chemical Equilibrium Approach to Predicting the Partitioning of Metals in Pulp Mill and Bleach Plant Streams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/769184.

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