Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical reaction issue

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical reaction issue'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical reaction issue"

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Yang, Xueming, David C. Clary, and Daniel M. Neumark. "Chemical reaction dynamics." Chemical Society Reviews 46, no. 24 (2017): 7481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs90121f.

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Metcalfe, Ian. "Special Topic Issue—Chemical Reaction Engineering." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 78, no. 7 (2000): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026387600528094.

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Zhu, Huacheng, Kama Huang, and Junwu Tao. "Special Issue on “Microwave Applications in Chemical Engineering”." Processes 8, no. 4 (2020): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8040491.

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Microwave heating has been widely used in the chemical industry because of its advantages, such as fast heating rate, selective and controllable heating, increasing reaction rate and reducing by-products in chemical reactions. The Special Issue contains research on microwave applications in chemical engineering.
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Rarey, Matthias, Marc C. Nicklaus, and Wendy Warr. "Special Issue on Reaction Informatics and Chemical Space." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 62, no. 9 (2022): 2009–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00390.

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KEKUL, Özgenur, Burcu ÜSTÜN, Özgür KÖMÜRCÜ, Sezgin BİLGİN, and Deniz KARAKAYA. "Skin reaction related to povidone iodine use." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, no. 3 (2021): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.38.3.36.

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Nowadays, 10% povidone-iodine is a topical antiseptic solution that is commonly used in surgical areas’ sterilization, wound cleaning and daily wound dressing. Severe complications may arise from povidone-iodine when it is not used carefully and in adequate proportion. Povidone-iodine-induced chemical skin reactions is one of the severe complications. Given the widespread use of povidone-iodine, clinicians need to be aware of this possible adverse drug reaction and of preventive cautions. This report presents two cases about povidone-iodine related skin reaction (these reactions are also calle
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Yang, Xueming, and Alec M. Wodtke. "Surface reaction dynamics." Chemical Society Reviews 45, no. 13 (2016): 3573–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cs90049f.

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Sirotek, Vladimír, and Kateřina Tláskalová. "Chemical Reactions in Practical Chemistry Teaching." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3037, no. 1 (2025): 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3037/1/012011.

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Abstract Chemical process is one of the key thematic units in chemistry education. The article focuses on the issue of chemical reactions in practical chemistry teaching at primary and secondary schools. Several concrete experiments are presented, through which pupils and students can learn about the basic types of chemical reactions (chemical combining, chemical decomposition, substitution reactions, conversion) and thus combine the information obtained with a quantitative evaluation of a chemical reaction. These concrete examples of practical tasks will introduce pupils and students to quali
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Virágh, Eszter, and Bálint Kiss. "Strong Reachability of Reactions with Reversible Steps." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 46, no. 2 (2018): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hjic-2018-0013.

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Abstract The controllability of reactions is an important issue in the chemical industry. The control of reactions is of great practical interest in order to ensure the energy- and time-efficient production of compounds. This paper studies the dynamical models of some chemical reactions in order to verify their controllability with regard to a candidate input signal, namely the change in the ambient temperature of a reaction.
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Kurnia, Jundika C., and Agus P. Sasmito. "Catalyst Special Issue on Catalytic Reactors Design for Industrial Applications." Catalysts 11, no. 4 (2021): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11040440.

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Cusco, Laurence. "Special Issue—Reaction Hazards." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 82, no. 1 (2004): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758204322777606.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical reaction issue"

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de, Caldeira Ricardo Luis Franco. "An assessment of cross-contamination issues in the context of chemical and pharmaceutical processes using a continuous oscillatory baffled reactor." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2381.

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Past research in oscillatory baffled reactors has shown that there are significant technological and business advantages in using such reactor technology in fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries: shorter reaction times, fewer by-products, uniform product quality and higher yields, while at the same time with a significant saving in space, capital and running costs. This project focused on the robustness and adaptability of the continuous oscillatory baffled reactor (COBR) for a large spectrum of chemical reactions that are performed in very different fields of industry: from cosmetics an
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Mizzi, Benoît. "Méthodologie générale pour la conception d'une extraction liquide-liquide réactive : application à la séparation d'un acide carboxylique issu d'un milieu fermentaire." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17776/1/MIZZI_Benoit.pdf.

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Le couplage fonctionnel des opérations de séparation et de réaction ainsi que les bio-procédés sont deux axes de recherche largement explorés. Cependant, l’industrie du génie des procédés a du mal à se tourner vers des technologies de ce type car il demeure un réel manque de connaissances et d’outils de conception pour ce genre de procédés. Une méthodologie de conception générale pour l'extraction liquide-liquide réactive est introduite dans cette étude. Elle est composée de trois étapes différentes: l'analyse de faisabilité, la synthèse ou dimensionnement du procédé et la validation par simul
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Books on the topic "Chemical reaction issue"

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International Workshop on Polymer Reaction Engineering (6th 1998 Berlin, Germany). 6th International Workshop on Polymer Reaction Engineering: Papers of the 6th International Workshop on Polymer Reaction Engineering, Berlin, 5-7 October, 1998. Wiley-VCH, 1998.

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Ksenofontov, Boris, Aleksandr Lukanin, and Evgeniy Pirogov. Chemical and physico-chemical methods of wastewater and man-made water treatment. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1863094.

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The monograph discusses issues related to chemical and physico-chemical methods of wastewater and man-made water treatment, including oxidation and sorption of pollutants, as well as their coagulation and flocculation and other processes of wastewater and man-made water treatment. At the same time, individual tasks are considered for the first time both in domestic and in the world practice of water treatment. First of all, this applies to the use of strong oxidizing agents in the practice of water purification, as well as neutralizing substances. In addition, the issues of intensification of
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Davydov, Viktor. Entertaining safety techniques for chemical work in school and life. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2151108.

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The textbook is devoted to the basic safety rules when working in chemical rooms, as well as when encountering dangerous substances in life. Important aspects of ensuring the safety of human interaction with a substance are considered, starting from the observance of caution during school practical work and the rules for storing reagents and ending with an explanation of the dangers of drinking large amounts of water and children's fascination with explosions. The necessity of using protective equipment is shown, the rules for conducting laboratory experiments, storing and disposing of substan
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Board, United States Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation. Investigation report: Explosion and fire (3 injured, potential offsite consequences) : First Chemical Corporation, Pascagoula, Mississippi, October 13, 2002 : key issues, evaluation of reactive hazards, applying lessons learned, layers of protection, work practices, facility siting, community notification. U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, Office of Investigations and Safety Programs, 2003.

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Calvert, Jack G., John J. Orlando, William R. Stockwell, and Timothy J. Wallington. The Mechanisms of Reactions Influencing Atmospheric Ozone. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190233020.001.0001.

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Ozone, an important trace component, is critical to life on Earth and to atmospheric chemistry. The presence of ozone profoundly impacts the physical structure of the atmosphere and meteorology. Ozone is also an important photolytic source for HO radicals, the driving force for most of the chemistry that occurs in the lower atmosphere, is essential to shielding biota, and is the only molecule in the atmosphere that provides protection from UV radiation in the 250-300 nm region. However, recent concerns regarding environmental issues have inspired a need for a greater understanding of ozone, an
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Reichert, K. H., Engineering International Workshop on Po, and Dechema. Dechema Monographs 6th International Workshop: Polymer Reaction Engineering (Dechema Monographs,). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 1999.

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Bunker, Bruce C., and William H. Casey. The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199384259.001.0001.

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The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides is a single-volume text that encapsulates all of the critical issues associated with how oxide materials interact with aqueous solutions. It serves as a central reference for academics working with oxides in the contexts of geology, various types of inorganic chemistry, and materials science. The text also has utility for professionals working with industrial applications in which oxides are either prepared or must perform in aqueous environments. The volume is organized into five key sections. Part One features two introductory chapters, intended to introduce t
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Floudas, Christodoulos A. Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195100563.001.0001.

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Filling a void in chemical engineering and optimization literature, this book presents the theory and methods for nonlinear and mixed-integer optimization, and their applications in the important area of process synthesis. Other topics include modeling issues in process synthesis, and optimization-based approaches in the synthesis of heat recovery systems, distillation-based systems, and reactor-based systems. The basics of convex analysis and nonlinear optimization are also covered and the elementary concepts of mixed-integer linear optimization are introduced. All chapters have several illus
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Crease, Robert P., and Peter D. Bond. The Leak. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14577.001.0001.

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How the discovery of a harmless leak of radiation sparked a media firestorm, political grandstanding, and fearmongering that closed a vital scientific facility. In 1997, scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory found a small leak of radioactive water near their research reactor. Brookhaven was—and is—a world-class, Nobel Prize–winning lab, and its reactor was the cornerstone of US materials science and one of the world's finest research facilities. The leak, harmless to health, came from a storage pool rather than the reactor. But its discovery triggered a media and political firestorm tha
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Cervicitis: Education for Patients and the Public. Exon Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36255/cervicitis-patient-public-education.

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Cervicitis is a condition marked by inflammation of the cervix, often caused by infection, irritation, or allergy. It is a common gynecological issue that may go unnoticed due to mild or no symptoms, but it can sometimes lead to discomfort, abnormal discharge, or bleeding. This article provides a clear and comprehensive explanation of cervicitis, including its types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and long-term outlook. It begins by explaining what cervicitis is and the key differences between acute and chronic forms. It then explores common causes, including sexually transmit
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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical reaction issue"

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Carslaw, Nicola. "Chemical Reactions in the Indoor Atmosphere." In Issues in Environmental Science and Technology. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016179-00105.

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Bischoff, Kenneth B. "Some Current Issues in Kinetic Lumping of Discrete Mixtures." In Chemical Reactions in Complex Mixtures. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6530-3_9.

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Villermaux, Jacques. "Issues and Challenges in Chemical Engineering of Liquid Phase Reactions." In Chemical Reactivity in Liquids. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1023-5_48.

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Thadhani, N. N., and T. Aizawa. "Materials Issues in Shock-Compression-Induced Chemical Reactions in Porous Solids." In High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids IV. Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2292-7_10.

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"Cascades vs. Concerted Reactions." In The Chemical Biology of Carbon. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781839169502-00438.

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This is the last of four chapters that examine the kinds of carbon-based reaction intermediates/transition states that occur in the organic chemistry of life. The chapter raises the issue of stepwise vs. concerted reaction mechanisms, particularly in cascade reaction where multiple C–C bonds are broken and made. It then turns to bona fide reaction categories with no intermediates – pericyclic reactions. Pericyclases are enzymes that catalyze conversion of bound substrate(s) to bound product(s) by concerted mechanisms – no discrete intermediates. Although as yet a small class of enzymes, more p
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Shinnar, Reuel. "PLENARY PAPER RECEIVED TOO LATE TO BE INCLUDED AT FRONT OF ISSUE; Thermodynamic Analysis in Chemical Process and Reactor Design." In Tenth International Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-036969-3.50087-7.

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Tanko, J. M. "Free-Radical Chemistry in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." In Green Chemistry Using Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154832.003.0008.

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During the 1990s, the chemical industry has focused on ways to reduce and prevent pollution caused by chemical synthesis and manufacturing. The goal of this approach is to modify existing reaction conditions and/or to develop new chemistries that do not require the use of toxic reagents or solvents, or that do not produce toxic by-products. The terms “environmentally benign synthesis and processing” and “green chemistry” have been coined to describe this approach where the environmental impact of a process is as important an issue as reaction yield, efficiency, or cost. Most chemical reactions
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Tomar, Parul, and Deepali Jain. "Green solvents." In Solvents - Dilute, Dissolve, and Disperse [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002491.

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Prolonged use of solvents has harmful impacts on the environment, and entire surviving things. One of the most crucial demands of green chemistry is the cutting down of solvent use or substituting with less hazardous ones. Green solvents are explored as an alternative to traditional solvents. They are specified by low toxicity, easy availability re-usability extraordinary efficiency, environmentally friendly reaction medium, non-flammability, increased reactions rate, decrease reaction temperatures as well greater selectivity, and non-volatility. There are numerous applications of green solven
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Natali, Mirco, and Andrea Sartorel. "Mechanistic investigation of light-driven catalysis for solar fuel formation." In Photochemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781837676552-00373.

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Solar energy conversion into chemical fuels currently represents a viable solution to the global energy issue. In this regard, water splitting with formation of dihydrogen as an energy carrier has been usually considered as a target reaction. Due to the mechanistic complexity associated with both the oxidation (oxygen evolving reaction, OER) and reduction (hydrogen evolving reaction, HER) half-reactions, the design of active catalysts and their efficient coupling with photoactive components appear as a major target. Optical spectroscopies turn out to be key tools to monitor the photoreaction d
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Miller, R. E. "Weakly Bound Molecular Complexes as Model Systems for Understanding Chemical Reactions." In Chemical Reactions in Clusters. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090048.003.0005.

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An issue of central importance in chemical reaction dynamics is the nature of the energy transfer processes within and between reactants and products. At a fundamental level, bond rupture and formation can be understood in terms of the transfer of energy into the reaction coordinate, causing a bond to break, and then relaxation of the energy away from the newly formed bonds in the product molecules to the other degrees of freedom of the system. By their very nature, these processes are highly anharmonic, making their detailed characterization a formidable challenge. In recent years, spectrosco
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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical reaction issue"

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Schaaf, David A. "Preventing Corrosion Related Electrical Failures: the Response to RoHS." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-4411.

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Abstract Corrosion by definition is the gradual destruction of a material, usually metals, by chemical reaction with its environment. During this reaction, metal is dissolved into an electrolyte, and oxygen from the atmosphere is reduced in the solution. Also, contaminants such as H2S, SO2, Cl2 can often accelerate this reaction. In recent years, the miniaturization of electronic components and the elimination of lead-based solder via restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) have made the corrosion of electronics a matter of increasing concern. Corrosion causes failures in electronics by cre
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Lahti, Erik, Jinsuo Zhang, and Shaoqiang Guo. "Hydrodynamic Electrochemical Measurements of Aluminum Corrosion in Support of GSI-191." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07512.

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Abstract The emergency core cooling system of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) has been shown to be susceptible to corrosion-related problems. Since 1996, much research has been undertaken to solve the sump clogging issue in PWRs, including a recent study, “Evaluation of Post-Accident Chemical Effects in Containment Sump Fluids to Support GSI-191,” that has become the industry standard. However, despite more realistic results than previous studies, the data from this report are still not a conservative estimate as several important environmental factors were neglected, including flow conditio
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Patel, Suresh, Patrick J. Sullivan, Frank O’Brien, Mark T. Muldoon, Dale V. Onisk, and James W. Stave. "Is There Enough Polymer in the Tower?" In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00329.

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Summary The concentration of active chemical components that control deposits and corrosion in cooling water systems is often derived from a combination of techniques ranging from mass balance to measuring "traceable" components of the formulation. An example of the latter would be the use of molybdate which can be easily measured in cooling water systems but does not provide any corrosion or deposit inhibiting activity at the dose concentration. As it is a "tag" to the cooling water formulation its concentration does not necessarily directly reflect the concentration of active components in t
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Tester, Jefferson W., and Jason A. Cline. "Hydrolysis and Oxidation in Sub- and Supercritical Water: Connecting Process Engineering Science to Molecular Interactions." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99252.

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Abstract Key engineering issues influencing the development of supercritical water oxidation for waste treatment are reviewed. Major chemical pathways and kinetics for hydrolysis and oxidation reactions of model organic wastes are discussed. In selective examples, results from extensive laboratory-scale measurements are compared with molecular simulations of solvation and reaction effects in supercritical water. Connections between reaction chemistry and observed corrosion in supercritical water oxidation processing equipment are discussed to underscore the importance of understanding electroc
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Keiser, James R., Roberta A. Peascoe, Camden R. Hubbard, and J. Peter Gorog. "Corrosion Issues in Black Liquor Gasifiers." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03354.

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Abstract The kraft papermaking process, which is by far the predominant method used in North America, depends on recovery of the chemicals used in the digesting or pulping operation. Currently, the black liquor recovery boiler is the heart of this recovery process, but replacement of this boiler with a gasification system is being intensively studied. A switch to gasification can be justified based on capital investment, energy efficiency, and safety, but there are a number of significant obstacles to its successful development and implementation. Identification of suitable materials for the c
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Moliner, C., V. Carozzo, M. Curti, and E. Arato. "Simulation and Experimental Validation of Biomass Gasification in a Spouted Bed Reactor: Troubleshooting Using DWSIM." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.188531.

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Simulation plays a crucial role in the design and optimization of gasifiers by providing a detailed understanding of the involved physical processes and complex chemical reactions without the need for extensive trial-and-error experiments. It can also serve as a valuable tool for identifying potential technical issues in experimental devices that operate below expected performance. This study presents a comprehensive simulation of biomass gasification using the open-source software DWSIM. The simulated results were compared with experimental data from a pilot-scale spouted bed reactor, featuri
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Perez-Pineiro, R., D. Cruz-Perez, J. Hoshowski, H. Zhang, and J. Hendry. "H2S Scavenger Tower Operational Efficiency Achieved through Onsite Compositional Analysis." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11553.

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Abstract H2S scavengers are commonly used to sweeten sour gas in a variety of industrial applications. In the oil and gas industry, liquid forms of the scavenger are applied where regenerative or gas desulfurization processes are not economically feasible. Tower applications tend to consume the largest quantities of scavengers and, therefore, require optimal reaction efficiency without causing operational issues through over-spending. One means of monitoring the reaction efficiency is to analyze the primary composition of the spent fluid to determine if the scavenger chemistry is underutilized
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Hildebrandt, Diane, James Fox, Neil Stacey, and Baraka C. Sempuga. "CO2 Mitigation in Chemical Processes: Role of Process Recycle Optimization." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.125192.

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In designing low-carbon processes, the unintended emission of CO2 remains a significant concern due to its global environmental impact. This paper explores carbon management within chemical processes, specifically examining the correlation between the process material balance (PMB) and CO2 emissions to understand and identify the potential for reducing these emissions. We interrogate the foundational issue of carbon discharge by analyzing the interplay among mass, energy, and entropy balances, which collectively influence the PMB. We introduce the concept of the Target Material Balance (TMB),
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Aller, Micael Presa, Sanjay Lodha, Andres Tomás Aguayo, and Ana Guadalupe Gayubo. "Chemical Inertness, Reproducibility and Carbon Deposition for Coated and Non Coated UNS S34700 TUBES." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16623.

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ABSTRACT Regarding the economic and operational issues derived from the carbon deposition on the surface of stainless steel tubes in the chemical industry, the coating of the internal surface with a ceramic layer is useful for preventing the formation of deposits and extending the lifetime of the tubes. The thermal degradation of dimethyl ether (DME) at 700 °C has been used as reaction test to compare the carbon deposition on standard (non-coated) and coated tubes. The results evidence an outstanding decrease in the amount of deposited carbon on the coated tubes, as well as the possibility of
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Steadman, J., E. W. Fournier, and J. A. Syage. "Detection and Differentiation of Neutral and Ionic Reaction Mechanisms in Molecular Clusters." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.pd4.

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A longstanding goal in the chemical analysis of reaction mechanisms is understanding the role of the solvent. We have been involved in work that addresses this issue on a single molecule basis by studying reactions in molecular clusters.1–3 In this report we describe a means for detecting and measuring rapid intermolecular cluster chemistry using mass-selective picosecond resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). Molecular beam mass spectrometry offers a powerful means for identifying a variety of product species and distinguishing precursor cluster size. However, such investigations
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Reports on the topic "Chemical reaction issue"

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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the ba
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Wilson, Dane F. Chemical compatibility issues associated with use of SiC/SiC in advanced reactor concepts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225415.

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Krey, Adrian, Vitus Zenz, Karolin Widera, Manuela List, Dirk Muscat, and Nicole Strübbe. Reactive extrusion of lignocellulosic biomass to produce biopolymer monomers using high-energy radiation and catalytic acids. Universidad de los Andes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.ss.bbb.6.

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The increasing prevalence of bio-based and biodegradable plastics as an alternative to traditional plastics derived from crude oil is a noteworthy trend. Polybutylene succinate (PBS), a plastic produced from succinic acid, is among the promising materials for the future. However, the production of bio-based succinic acid through biotechnical processes in controlled environments presents challenges. This process leads to increased costs and is currently not economically competitive compared to crude oil-based succinic acid production. In addition to succinic acid, levulinic acid is another mono
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