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Journal articles on the topic 'Chemical removal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 15 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Fan, Jie, Han Hu, Ying Zhang, and Lei Zhu. "Biological Phosphorus Removal Combined with Ferrous Chemical Phosphorus Removal." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3339.

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Chemical phosphorus removal is widely applied to enhance the biological phosphorus removal in order to meet the discharge requirement. Performance change caused by ferrous sulfate was investigated in this study. Compared to the control system which was not chemically dosed, pH and SVI slightly decreased while conductivity increased. The correlation between phosphorus and conductivity was weakened. The release and uptake of potassium declined, illustrating a negative impact of chemical precipitant on phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO). The phosphorus uptake decreased while phosphorus relea

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2

Sharon, Vinitha. "Effect of Greywater Characteristics on its Chemical Coagulation." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences 4, no. 2 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2020.v04i02.001.

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The effect of physico-chemical characteristics of greywater on its chemical coagulation was assessed employing real greywater with varying characteristics using both alum and polyaluminium chloride (PACl) as coagulants. Optimum PACl dosages required were significantly less compared to alum for similar initial turbidity levels. Also, PACl produced less turbid treated greywater. As the initial pH increased, the optimum coagulant dose also increased for both alum and PACl. At similar optimum dosages, PACl gave higher COD removal compared to alum. Total coliform removal showed no significant diffe

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3

Altinbaş, M., C. Yangin, and I. Ozturk. "Struvite precipitation from anaerobically treated municipal and landfill wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 9 (2002): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0257.

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A two-stage treatment system including upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor pre-treatment combined with a chemical post treatment system such as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation was proposed as a comparable alternative to conventional biological treatment. In this study, anaerobically pre-treated domestic wastewater, domestic wastewater mixed with 2% and 3% of leachate by volume and raw leachate were further treated chemically with MAP precipitation. MAP precipitation was both applied at the stoichiometric ratio (Mg:NH4 = PO4; 1:1:1) and above the stoichiometric ratio (1.1:1

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4

Watanabe, Yoshimasa. "Phosphorous removal by chemical coagulation." Japan journal of water pollution research 11, no. 10 (1988): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.11.611.

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5

Zollitsch, Carsten. "Chemical Removal of Powder Coatings." JOT-International Surface Technology 4, no. 1 (2011): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35724-011-0015-5.

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6

Thistleton, J., T. Clark, P. Pearce, and S. A. Parsons. "Mechanisms of Chemical Phosphorus Removal." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 79, no. 6 (2001): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758201753373104.

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7

Kono, Akihiko, Kenji Yada, Hideo Horibe, Hiromitsu Ota, and Motonori Yanagi. "Removal of Negative-tone Novolak Chemical Amplification Resist by Chemicals." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 36, no. 6 (2010): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.36.589.

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8

Taherabdollah, Ali, and Mustafa Abdullah. "Comparison of Removal of Chromium by using Natural and Chemical Adsorbents." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 9 (2023): 642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23903165126.

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9

Hande Gursoy-Haksevenler, B., and Idil Arslan-Alaton. "Treatment of olive mill wastewater by chemical processes: effect of acid cracking pretreatment." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 7 (2014): 1453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.042.

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The effect of acid cracking (pH 2.0; T 70 °C) and filtration as a pretreatment step on the chemical treatability of olive mill wastewater (chemical oxygen demand (COD) 150,000 m/L; total organic carbon (TOC) 36,000 mg/L; oil–grease 8,200 mg/L; total phenols 3,800 mg/L) was investigated. FeCl3 coagulation, Ca(OH)2 precipitation, electrocoagulation using stainless steel electrodes and the Fenton's reagent were applied as chemical treatment methods. Removal performances were examined in terms of COD, TOC, oil–grease, total phenols, colour, suspended solids and acute toxicity with the photobacteri

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10

Elsheikh, Mahmoud Abdel-Shafy. "Tannery wastewater pre-treatment." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 2 (2009): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.351.

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Tannery wastewater is one of the most pollution sources. It can cause environmental problems related to its high organic matter, suspended solids and chromium. Chromium (III) salts are the most widely used chemicals for tanning processes, causing the tannery wastewater to be highly pollutant with chromium. The main objective of this study is to investigate the pre-treatment of an actual Egyptian tannery wastewater using two systems; the first electrolytic system and the second physico-chemical system. The performances of electrolytic system at current of 10, 20, 30 and 40 A were discussed. Poo

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11

Onawole, Abdulmujeeb T., Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein, Hassan I. Nimir, Musa E. M. Ahmed, and Mohammed A. Saad. "Molecular Design of Novel Chemicals for Iron Sulfide Scale Removal." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (February 5, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7698762.

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Scale deposition is a pertinent challenge in the oil and gas industry. Scales formed from iron sulfide are one of the troublous scales, particularly pyrite. Moreover, the use of biodegradable environmentally friendly chemicals reduces the cost compared to the conventional removal process. In this work, the chelating abilities of four novel chemicals, designed using the in silico technique of density functional theory (DFT), are studied as potential iron sulfide scale removers. Only one of the chemicals containing a hydroxamate functional group had a good chelating ability with Fe2+. The chelat

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12

Lu, Xi, Song Huang, Haichen Liu, Fengwei Yang, Ting Zhang, and Xinyu Wan. "Research on Intelligent Chemical Dosing System for Phosphorus Removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants." Water 16, no. 11 (2024): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16111623.

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Whether the phosphorus removal chemical in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be accurately dosed not only affects the compliance of the effluent total phosphorus but also has a huge impact on sludge production and energy consumption during the wastewater treatment process. For the effluent from the secondary sedimentation tank of a wastewater treatment plant in southern China, based on experimental screening of the optimal pH value, chemical types and concentrations of chemicals, coagulation time, etc., a dynamic dosage prediction feedforward model for chemical phosphorus removal agents

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13

Ball, Andrew S., and Krishna K. Kadali. "The microbial removal of toxic waste." Microbiology Australia 33, no. 3 (2012): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12097.

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The rapid growth of the global chemical industry over the last 35 years has meant that there have been both increased amounts and complexity of toxic waste effluents. Global chemical output increased by 63% in the period from 1996 to 20101; this increase has led to an unprecedented release into the environment of a vast array of chemicals. Bioremediation is now a successful environmental biotechnology used for the remediation of these pollutants, having a number of advantages (for example, cost, environmental friendly means of disposal) over any alternative treatment such as placing in landfil

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14

Trinh, T., B. van den Akker, R. M. Stuetz, H. M. Coleman, P. Le-Clech, and S. J. Khan. "Removal of trace organic chemical contaminants by a membrane bioreactor." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 9 (2012): 1856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.374.

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Emerging wastewater treatment processes such as membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have attracted a significant amount of interest internationally due to their ability to produce high quality effluent suitable for water recycling. It is therefore important that their efficiency in removing hazardous trace organic contaminants be assessed. Accordingly, this study investigated the removal of trace organic chemical contaminants through a full-scale, package MBR in New South Wales, Australia. This study was unique in the context of MBR research because it characterised the removal of 48 trace organic che

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15

Väänänen, J., M. Cimbritz, and J. la Cour Jansen. "Microsieving in primary treatment: effect of chemical dosing." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 2 (2016): 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.223.

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Primary and chemically enhanced primary wastewater treatment with microsieving (disc or drum filtration) was studied at the large pilot scale at seven municipal wastewater treatment plants in Europe. Without chemical dosing, the reduction of suspended solids (SS) was (on average) 50% (20–65%). By introducing chemically enhanced primary treatment and dosing with cationic polymer only, SS removal could be controlled and increased to &gt;80%. A maximum SS removal of &gt;90% was achieved with a chemical dosing of &gt;0.007 mg polymer/mg influent SS and 20 mg Al3+/L or 30 mg Fe3+/L. Whe

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16

Silva, S. A., R. de Oliveira, J. Soares, D. D. Mara, and H. W. Pearson. "Nitrogen removal in pond systems with different configurations and geometries." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 12 (1995): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0501.

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Nitrogen removal in its various chemical forms was evaluated in a complex of waste stabilisation ponds comprising ponds of different depths and geometries. TKN and ammonia removal reached 78.5% and &gt;90%, respectively, in the 5-pond systems with overall retention times of only 19 days. Removals were highest in the maturation ponds, and shallow maturation ponds were the most efficient. In terms of optimum pond geometry, high nitrogen and ammonia removal was compatible with optimal BOD5 removal and faecal coliform die-off. TKN and ammonia removal in these ponds could be modelled using conv

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17

Kehinde, Fagbenro Oluwakemi, and Hamidi Abdul Aziz. "Influence of Operating Conditions on the Persulfate Oxidation of Textile Waste Water at Ambient Temperature." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.454.

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At the ambient temperatures, the influence of operating conditions on persulfate (S2O8) oxidation of real textile wastewater was investigated for the removal of color, suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The effects of oxidant dosage, initial solution pH and contact time were studied in a series of batch experiments using persulfate (PS) oxidant as sodium persulfate. Oxidant dose was defined by an oxidant/contaminant (PS/COD) molar ratio, varied from 1/1-10/1. Although parameter removals increased with the oxidant dose, especially for color and SS, a PS/COD molar ratio of 4

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18

Rusten, Bjørn, Arne Lundar, Ola Eide, and Hallvard Ødegaard. "Chemical Pretreatment of Dairy Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 2 (1993): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0078.

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Chemical treatment of dairy wastewater was studied, using dissolved air flotation for solids separation. Four different combinations of coagulants were tested. Total COD removal was very dependent on the influent CODF/CODT ratio, with the bigbest removal efficiencies at the lowest CODF/CODT ratios. About 60% removal of total COD could be achieved at a CODF/CODT ratio of 0.6. JKL (FeClSO4) removed 2-3% more COD than H2SO4 plus CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose), and 4-6% more COD than lactic acid plus CMC. H2SO4 plus LSA (lignosulphonic acid) bad the poorest removal efficiencies. Use of lactic acid

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19

Chen, Chiu-Yang. "Comparative Studies on the Primary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater for Ocean Disposal." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 7 (1993): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0135.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of primary treatment on municipal wastewater before it is discharged into the ocean. A series of filter papers of specified pore size was applied to measure the removal of organics and solids in wastewater through various primary treatment processes. For plain sedimentation, the removal of suspended solids was always less than 50% while COD and BOD removals were 23-41% and 15-27%, respectively. For chemical coagulation with the addition of poly aluminium chloride (PAC), 70% SS removal was obtained with a PAC dose of 30 mg/l. If polye

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20

Sanderson, Kenneth C., Willis C. Martin, and R. Bruce Reed. "Chemical Removal of Premature, Unwanted Azalea Buds." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 6, no. 4 (1988): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-6.4.122.

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Spray applications of 4.2% Off-Shoot-0 (a mixture of methyl ester of fatty acids C6, C8, C10, and C12) effectively destroyed flower bud scales and flower parts on the azalea (Rhododendron simsii Plachon.) cultivars ‘Prize’ and ‘Kingfisher’. The addition of ethephon to Off-Shoot-0 did not increase the destruction of bud scales and flower parts. Dikegulac-sodium and oxathiin alone or in combination with ethephon did not significantly destroy scales or flower parts. Destructive chemical pinching agents such as dimethyl dodecylamine and n-undecanol usually were as effective as Off-Shoot-0 in killi

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21

Brandenburger, Frank. "The status of chemical coating removal." IST International Surface Technology 10, no. 1 (2017): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35724-017-0018-y.

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22

Švadlena, Jan, Tomáš Prošek, Kristýna Charlotte Strachotová, and Milan Kouřil. "Chemical Removal of Lead Corrosion Products." Materials 13, no. 24 (2020): 5672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245672.

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Restoration treatment, specimen preparation or mass loss measurements on coupons made of lead require a reliable process of dissolution of corrosion products. In this study, several types of model corrosion products with compositions representative of those found on real objects were prepared and characterized. Ten solutions were then thoroughly tested in interval cleaning experiments, regarding the efficiency of removal of the corrosion products, corrosivity towards bare lead, and remnants left on the surface. The solution recommended in the current version of the ISO 8470 standard was found

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23

Wang, Hui, Bin Li, Wei Fang Ma, Fan Gang Zeng, Hai Tao Fan, and Chuan Feng Deng. "Optimization of Chemical Phosphorous Removal Medicament." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3213.

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This paper takes the urban sewage as treatment target, analyses chemical phosphorous removal effect of PFS, PAC, PAFSI, PAFC and the PAFC which is used by Wu Family Village sewage treatment plant. Taking into consideration of the economic factors in actual operation, the author proposed that the PAFC used by Wu Family Village sewage treatment plant should be served as a chemical auxiliary medicament, under β ≤ 4.33 conditions, β values and effluent TP concentration showed a good correlation. In this paper, the mixing intensity, mixing time, dosage and pH are treated as mainly investigate facto

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24

Cheng, W. "Chemical extraction technique for tattoo removal." British Journal of Dermatology 151, no. 6 (2004): 1282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06287.x.

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25

SAINI, RITU, SANDRA M. WINHOVEN, and JOELY KAUFMAN. "Hypertrophic Scar After Chemical Tattoo Removal." Dermatologic Surgery 34, no. 11 (2008): 1599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200811000-00033.

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26

SAINI, RITU, SANDRA M. WINHOVEN, and JOELY KAUFMAN. "Hypertrophic Scar After Chemical Tattoo Removal." Dermatologic Surgery 34, no. 11 (2008): 1599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34332.x.

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27

Thistleton, J., T. A. Berry, P. Pearce, and S. A. Parsons. "Mechanisms of Chemical Phosphorus Removal II." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 80, no. 5 (2002): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758202762277623.

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28

Chen, Xiao, and Philip S. Stewart. "Biofilm removal caused by chemical treatments." Water Research 34, no. 17 (2000): 4229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00187-1.

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29

Johnson, Duval, Enrique Dominguez, Elizabeth Montalvo, Zhen Zhou, and Ashlie Martini. "Quantifying Varnish Removal Using Chemical Flushes." Tribology Transactions 61, no. 6 (2018): 1067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2018.1468520.

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30

Murphy, Andrew P. "Chemical removal of nitrate from water." Nature 350, no. 6315 (1991): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/350223a0.

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31

Wang, Ze. "Selection of chemical phosphorus removal scheme based on Analytic Hierarchy Process." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 03073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124503073.

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Chemical precipitation phosphorus removal process can improve the phosphorus removal effect of sewage treatment system to meet the increasingly stringent discharge standards. In order to assist designers in selecting reasonable chemical phosphorus removal schemes, the analytic hierarchy process was applied to quantitatively evaluate each chemical phosphorus removal scheme from four aspects: water treatment effect, operation cost, operation and management difficulty and environmental impact. Finally, combined with an engineering example, the process of analytic hierarchy process quantitative ev

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32

Nedjah, Nawel, Oualid Hamdaoui, and Nabila Laskri. "Phosphorus Removal of Urban Wastewater by Physico- Chemical Treatment: Waterways Euthrophication Prevention." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, no. 6 (2015): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.632.

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33

Modhave, Dr. Sujata S., Dr. Dipak Nighot, and Mrs. Shital Wani. "Removal of Cr (VI) from effluent by Chemical method." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 5, no. 27 (2024): 83–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13860363.

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In effluent sample, identification of Cr (VI) was done by spectroscopic and volumetric methods. In spectrophotometric method used Diphenyl carbazide reagent (Volgel, 1964). In volumetric method iodometric titration was used, and when analysis of electroplating effluent was carried out the concentration of Cr (VI) was 71.70 and pH 1.51. With the help of UV-Visible spectrophotometer, concluded that effluent having Cr (VI) in dichromate form in effluent. In first step Cr (VI) is convert to Cr (III) by using FeSO<sub>4</sub> .5H<sub>2</sub>O. Throughout this process different parameters are affect

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34

Vogt, Beatriz Farias, Roberta Dalmolin Bergoli, Carlos Eduardo Chrzanowski Pereira De Souza, et al. "The effect of propolis solution on root surface treatment in replanted teeth." Brazilian Dental Science 18, no. 3 (2015): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2015.v18i3.1147.

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<strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the effect of propolis solution on root surface treatment in cases of delayed tooth replantation following chemical or mechanical removal of the periodontal ligament. <strong>Material and methods:</strong> Maxillary right central incisors of 36 male rats (Wistar) were extracted, kept in a dry environment for 15 minutes and then distributed into six groups, as follows: mechanical-propolis and mechanical-fluoride (mechanical removal followed by immersion in 6% propolis and 2% sodium fluoride, respective

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35

Koo, Il Gyo, Cameron A. Moore, Myeong Yeol Choi, et al. "Chemical-Driven Tissue Removal and Removal Profiles by Atmospheric Plasma Irradiation." Plasma Processes and Polymers 8, no. 12 (2011): 1103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100006.

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36

Kuo, Peter, and Ian Currier. "Augmented CMP Techniques for Silicon Carbide." Materials Science Forum 527-529 (October 2006): 1099–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.527-529.1099.

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Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) has proven a powerful tool for the final polishing of semiconductor and compound semiconductor substrates such as silicon, sapphire, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide. For these materials, conventional CMP techniques have been able to produce removal rates of several μm/hr while achieving pristine, epi-ready surfaces with subsurface damage less than 10[nm]. For certain materials of interest in the compound semiconductor community, particularly silicon carbide (SiC) and the III-V nitrides, conventional CMP techniques perform poorly. These materials are e

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37

Liang, Huazhuo, Wenjie Chen, Youzhi Fu, et al. "Multi-Field Characterisation of Material Removal Processes in Ultrasonic Magnetorheological Chemical Compound Polishing of GaN Wafers." Micromachines 16, no. 5 (2025): 502. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16050502.

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Gallium nitride (GaN), as the core material of third-generation semiconductors, has important applications in high-temperature, high-frequency, and high-power devices, but its polishing process faces many challenges. In this work, a multifield synergistic material removal model is established to study the material removal behaviour by ultrasonic magnetorheological chemical compound polishing (UMCP) of gallium nitride wafers, and the polishing processing under different polishing solution compositions and processing conditions is used to examine the effects of the ultrasonic, chemical, and mech

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38

Maynard, Allan W. "Chemical Monitoring: Effective Use of Chemical Analysis for Optimization of Contaminant Removal." Water Quality Research Journal 24, no. 3 (1989): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1989.025.

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Abstract A number of comprehensive programs have been carried out to characterize oil refinery wastewaters with respect to specific organic and inorganic toxic chemicals. This paper provides some background on these studies which have shown that wastewater treatment systems at refinery sites are effective in reducing or removing toxic chemicals. Also presented is a discussion of analytical variability so readers can better appreciate the validity of results obtained from effluent monitoring programs. The variability associated with some chemical analyses, can be significant. Finally, a recomme

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39

Liu, Yanchen, Hanchang Shi, Wenlin Li, Yanling Hou, and Miao He. "Inhibition of chemical dose in biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal in simultaneous chemical precipitation for phosphorus removal." Bioresource Technology 102, no. 5 (2011): 4008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.107.

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40

Ribeiro, Jefferson P., Juliene T. Oliveira, André G. Oliveira, et al. "Treatment of Sulfonated Azo Dye Reactive Red 198 by UV/H2O2." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/619815.

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UV/H2O2system was tested on the color removal of sulfonated azo dye Reactive Red 198 (RR), which is widely used in textile process. The effects of hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature, pH, and the in-line addition of hydrogen peroxide on high color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were investigated. The kinetic of dye decolorization was also determined. The results showed that 2% H2O2decreased the process efficiency, while 1% H2O2solution led to a better performance of the system. Despite the fact that the pH increase had small effect on color removal, it affects positively CO

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41

Khan, Mohd, Agung Wibowo, Zoheb Karim, et al. "Wastewater Treatment Using Membrane Bioreactor Technologies: Removal of Phenolic Contaminants from Oil and Coal Refineries and Pharmaceutical Industries." Polymers 16, no. 3 (2024): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16030443.

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Huge amounts of noxious chemicals from coal and petrochemical refineries and pharmaceutical industries are released into water bodies. These chemicals are highly toxic and cause adverse effects on both aquatic and terrestrial life. The removal of hazardous contaminants from industrial effluents is expensive and environmentally driven. The majority of the technologies applied nowadays for the removal of phenols and other contaminants are based on physio-chemical processes such as solvent extraction, chemical precipitation, and adsorption. The removal efficiency of toxic chemicals, especially ph

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42

Lu, Ting, Biju George, Hong Zhao, and Wenjun Liu. "A case study of coupling upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and ANITA™ Mox process to treat high-strength landfill leachate." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 3 (2015): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.536.

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A pilot study was conducted to study the treatability of high-strength landfill leachate by a combined process including upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), carbon removal (C-stage) moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and ANITA™ Mox process. The major innovation on this pilot study is the patent-pending process invented by Veolia that integrates the above three unit processes with an effluent recycle stream, which not only maintains the low hydraulic retention time to enhance the treatment performance but also reduces inhibiting effect from chemicals present in the high-strength leachate. Th

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43

Zhao, Zhi Wei, Jun Sheng Li, and Jin Long Zuo. "The Songhua River Chemical Pre-Oxidation of Potassium Permanganate." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1234.

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The use of potassium permanganate on the micro-pollutants in the Songhua River water for pre-oxidation, the results showed: potassium permanganate oxidation of organic compounds in water on the Songhua River (CODMn, UV254, TOC) has better removal effect; on cloud degree, have some ammonia removal; little effect on color removal. Potassium permanganate in neutral organic pollutants in the Songhua River water has a good removal.

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44

Clauson-Kaas, J., T. Sander Poulsen, B. Neergaard-Jacobsen, T. Guildal, and C. Thirsing. "Economic and environmental optimization of phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 7 (2004): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0466.

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Do operating costs conform to environmental impact after introduction of charges on discharge of wastewater? A study on optimization of phosphorus removal at two Danish wastewater removal plants shows that this is actually the case. By measurement of inlet and outlet concentrations and of chemicals added it was possible to determine the relationships between chemical dosing and phosphorus discharge and thus calculate the operational cost and environmental impact of different dosing/discharge levels.

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45

Park, Seonghyun, and Hyunseop Lee. "Electrolytically Ionized Abrasive-Free CMP (EAF-CMP) for Copper." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167232.

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Chemical–mechanical polishing (CMP) is a planarization process that utilizes chemical reactions and mechanical material removal using abrasive particles. With the increasing integration of semiconductor devices, the CMP process is gaining increasing importance in semiconductor manufacturing. Abrasive-free CMP (AF-CMP) uses chemical solutions that do not contain abrasive particles to reduce scratches and improve planarization capabilities. However, because AF-CMP does not use abrasive particles for mechanical material removal, the material removal rate (MRR) is lower than that of conventional C

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Parihar, Preeti, Naveen Chand, and Surindra Suthar. "Treatment of High Nutrient-Loaded Wastewater in a Constructed Floating Wetland with Different Configurations: Role of Lantana Biochar Addition." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (2022): 16049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316049.

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Constructed wetlands (CW) with carbon stock in substrate matrix show high efficiency in wastewater nutrient removals. In this study, five batch-scale CW setups with varying Lantana weed biochar (BC) doses (5, 10, and 15%) in substrate matrix were established and changes in high nutrient-loaded wastewater parameters, ammonium N (NH4+-N), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate (NO3-N), sulfate (SO4−2), and phosphate (PO4−3), were monitored for 240 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). BC amount directly affected the removal mechanism of CWs and a significant reduction in COD (>92.71%) was recorded

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Thomas, P. R., D. Allen, and D. L. McGregor. "Evaluation of combined chemical and biological nutrient removal." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 1-2 (1996): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0383.

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This study was undertaken to optimise phosphorus removal by incorporating a chemical dosing facility in an existing biological nutrient removal activated sludge plant at Albury in Australia. Results of pilot plant trials and jar tests indicated that both alum and ferric chloride successfully reduced the orthophosphate concentrations with only a minor variation in the chemical costs. However, alum was chosen as the preferred chemical for use in the full-scale plant and tests showed that alum precipitation combined with biological nutrient removal lowered the orthophosphate (ortho-P) concentrati

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Stalmans, M., E. Matthijs, and N. T. de Oude. "Fate and Effect of Detergent Chemicals in the Marine and Estuarine Environment." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 10 (1991): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0282.

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Detergents are high-volume consumer products which are discharged directly into domestic sewage after their use. They are removed in the treatment of domestic sewage and via instream removal mechanisms in surface waters. Important removal mechanisms are biological degradation, adsorption to sediments, etc. The degree of removal mainly depends on the physico-chemical and environmental properties of the chemical and on the type of sewage treatment. The continuous removal processes, combined with the continuous discharge to surface waters via treated or untreated sewage effluents, results in the

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Iqra, Shahzadi, Ijaz Beenish, Muhammad Farhan Dr., Ahsan Riaz Muhammad, and Suleman Kamran. "Contaminated Landfill Leachate treatment through Synergistic Strategy of Chemical Coagulation." Global Scientific and Academic Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 12 (2024): 82–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14410029.

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<em>Soil, air and water contamination from heavy metals and metalloids is one of the most discussed and burning global issues due to its potential to cause the scarcity of healthy food and safe water. Pollution enter in to the soil from landfill activities contaminated the soil with heavy metals such as Lead, chromium, nikel and Cadium. Information regarding to pollution distribution, their reaction and their cleaning in ecosystems are vital. Environmental cleaning of the high concentration of heavy metals are important, due to its toxic effects. The efficiency of coagulation/flocculation of l

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Berge, D., H. Ratnaweera, and H. Efraimsen. "Degradation of Recalcitrant Chlorinated Organics by Radiochemical and Biochemical Oxidation." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 5-6 (1994): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0716.

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AOX removal from pulp and paper industry wastewater with traditional methods is still very difficult. A novel application, irradiation by high energy electron beam (EB), is investigated and 40% and 70% AOX removals were obtained by 10 kGy and 50 kGy dosages, respectively. Further removals are possible at higher dosages. Chemical pre-treatment had no significant effect on overall AOX removal by EB-treatment, while biological post-treatment removed AOX further. Practical applications at large pulp and paper plants are considered, and further research on the application of EB-treatment on concent

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