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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical terrorism

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Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical terrorism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical terrorism"

1

Kelliher, Marybeth. "Terrorism. Industry prevention and the Chemical Weapons Convention." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 12 (January 1, 2002): 2277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274122277.

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The 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks introduced the United States to domestic and complex terrorism. According to terrorism experts, public and private sector targets are indistinguishable to the perpetrators of this evolved form of terrorism. The global chemical industry’s counteroffensive against international terrorism depends in part on implementation of the Chemicals Weapons Convention (CWC), long supported by the American Chemistry Council (ACC) and its sister associations in the International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA). This paper describes the U.S. chemical industry’s response to September 11th and how adherence to the letter and spirit of the CWC helps prevent terrorism.

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Sheraz, Muhammad, Usman Hameed, and Zarfishan Qaiser. "A THREAT ASSESSMENT OF BIOTERRORISM FROM AL-QAIDA TO ISLAMIC STATE." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 03 (September 30, 2021): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i3.239.

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The paper will focus on explaining the nature, extent and evolution of terrorism through the role of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and nuclear weapons (CBRN) such as Bio-Chemical Weapons (BCWs). It will further discuss the role of religious terrorist organizations, such as Al Qaeda and ISIS/Deash in re-defining terrorism in contemporary era by acquiring BCWs. Moreover, it will underscore the lethality and level of threat posed by BCW’s when employed by the non-state actors. Additionally, it will highlight various motivating factors including political, religious, and psychological which can act as a driving force for the terrorists and non-state actors to use BCWs. Lastly, it will suggest that a change in the means and methods of terrorism predominantly comprising of BCWs as a weapon of choice for the terrorists is on the cards and it is likely remaining the feature of international politics in the days and years to come if the international treaty regime on BCWS does not adequately address the phenomenon of non-state actors. Keywords: Terrorist Organizations, Bio-Chemical Weapons, Al Qaeda, Islamic State, Rational Actors, Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, Chemical Weapon Convention, CBRN.

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3

Tucker, Jonathan B. "Chemical/Biological Terrorism: Coping with a New Threat." Politics and the Life Sciences 15, no. 2 (September 1996): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073093840002270x.

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In March 1995, Japanese terrorists released nerve gas on the Tokyo subway, causing eleven deaths and more than 5,000 injuries. Although terrorists have sought to acquire chemical/biological (C/B) agents in the past, and a few have employed them on a small scale, the Tokyo attack was the first large-scale terrorist use of a lethal chemical agent against unarmed civilians, weakening a long-standing psychological taboo. This tragic incident has therefore drawn worldwide attention to the emerging threat of chemical/biological terrorism. Despite significant technical hurdles associated with the production and delivery of C/B agents, such weapons are within the reach of terrorist groups that possess the necessary scientific know-how and financial resources. This article proposes a C/B counterterrorism strategy based on preemption and civil defense, and recommends several short-term and longer-term policy options for mitigating this emerging threat.

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Shin, Moon-Sik, Yi Yoon, Seungmin Kang, and Janghyeon Cha. "Analysis of the Potential Use of Schedule 1 Chemicals and Toxic Industrial Substances in Chemical Terrorism." Korean Association for Terrorism Studies 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 129–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46350/kats.2023.16.3.129.

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In this study, we analyzed chemical substances that could be used in chemical terrorism for the purpose of mass destruction, social disruption and assassination, and suggested ways to effectively manage these chemicals. The analysis focused on toxic industrial substance which are suggested by accident preparation substances from regulations and literature, and schedule 1 chemicals which actually used in chemical terrorism recently. The analysis was conducted based on ease of acquisition, transportation, and dispersal, which can vary depending on the physical, chemical properties and toxicity of the substances. The review concluded that the schedule 1 chemical is more likely to be utilized for chemical terrorism compared to industrial toxic substances. Unlike industrial toxic substance, schedule 1 chemical can be obtained through synthesis or smuggling from abroad. They possess high toxicity enough to achieve object with small quantities, so that it has advantages of secretly transportation and dispersal to that target location or individuals. This analysis is supported by recent chemical terrorism cases. To prevent terrorists from acquiring the schedule 1 chemicals identified as potential candidates for chemical terrorism, effective management and supervision of various chemicals that can be used for the synthesis of schedule 1 chemical is crucial. In this regard, it is essential to thoroughly monitor and analyze the chemicals purchased by consumers to determine their potential for synthesizing these category of chemicals. To achieve this, we propose the establishment and utilization of an artificial intelligence-based system.

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Zhu, Rongchen, Xiaofeng Hu, Xin Li, Han Ye, and Nan Jia. "Modeling and Risk Analysis of Chemical Terrorist Attacks: A Bayesian Network Method." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062051.

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The chemical terrorist attack is an unconventional form of terrorism with vast scope of influence, strong concealment, high technical means and severe consequences. Chemical terrorism risk refers to the uncertainty of the effects of terrorist organisations using toxic industrial chemicals/drugs and classic chemical weapons to attack the population. There are multiple risk factors infecting chemical terrorism risk, such as the threat degree of terrorist organisations, attraction of targets, city emergency response capabilities, and police defense capabilities. We have constructed a Bayesian network of chemical terrorist attacks to conduct risk analysis. The scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis are applied to validate the model and analyse the impact of the vital factor on the risk of chemical terrorist attacks. The results show that the model can be used for simulation and risk analysis of chemical terrorist attacks. In terms of controlling the risk of chemical terrorist attack, patrol and surveillance are less critical than security checks and police investigations. Security check is the most effective approach to decrease the probability of successful attacks. Different terrorist organisations have different degrees of threat, but the impacts of which are limited to the success of the attack. Weapon types and doses are sensitive to casualties, but it is the level of emergency response capabilities that dominates the changes in casualties. Due to the limited number of defensive resources, to get the best consequence, the priority of the deployment of defensive sources should be firstly given to governmental buildings, followed by commercial areas. These findings may provide the theoretical basis and method support for the combat of the public security department and the safety prevention decision of the risk management department.

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Glotov, E. N., V. P. Kotov, I. A. Lozanov, M. L. Makarov, О. М. Nikitin, А. М. Fleyer, and N. I. Shilo. "International Terrorism Using Toxic Chemicals as an Element of Hybrid Warfare." Journal of NBC Protection Corps 7, no. 1 (August 4, 2023): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2023-7-1-36-52.

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Modern terrorism is a complex system that consists of a complex of complementary processes – ideological, criminal, military, political, religious and nationalistic. Chemical terrorism is one of the elements of hybrid warfare – a new technology in the fight for the reorganization of the world at the present stage. The purpose of this article is to consider one of the elements of hybrid wars – chemical terrorism. Sources and informational basis of the research, methodology. In this work, the sources published by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) were used. The publications available through the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary, etc. were also studied. Research method – system analysis. The probability of the use of chemical warfare agents and toxic chemicals by terrorists of various ideological orientations as part of a hybrid war strategy has been studied. The discussion of the results. Hybrid military conflicts of a non-classical nature involve the participation of international terrorist organizations in hostilities. The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (CWC) does not explicitly prohibit non-state actors from obtaining and using chemical weapons. This situation is very convenient for the states that have signed the CWC and use terrorist organizations as part of the strategy of indirect action. In such cases the information and psychological operations are aimed at the collapse and fragmentation of countries, undermining their ability to resist, discrediting their leaders, and causing a split in the ranks of the allies. This was most clearly shown in the incidents with the use of toxic chemicals in Syria. Conclusion. Working groups under the auspices of the UN and the OPCW, sent to Syria to investigate incidents with the use of sarin, proved unable to conduct objective investigations. They usually ended up on the side of the sponsors of chemical terrorist attacks, despite the evidence of falsification. This, in turn, can lead to serious military conflicts, for which the role of casus belli will be played by false news from the global media. The only mechanism that made it possible to stop such provocations in Syria was a public warning from the Russian side about the place and time of the planned false flag attack. At the same time, such a selective position of the UN and the OPCW can at any moment lead to the loss of the control over chemical weapons in certain regions of the world.

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Patočka, Jiří, Kamil Kuča, Vlastimil Dohnal, and Daniel Jun. "Chemical terrorism." Kontakt 8, no. 1 (May 26, 2006): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/kont.2006.020.

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Tishler, Nicole Alexandra. "C, B, R, or N: The Influence of Related Industry on Terrorists' Choice in Unconventional Weapons." Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2013): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc.v2i2.3765.

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This study explores which factors, given that a terrorist has crossed the threshold into using chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) over conventional weapons, will determine the likelihood that he/she chooses to use C, B, R, or N weapons. Relying primarily on data from the incident-based Monterey WMD Database, it employs multinomial logit regression with C, B, R, or N as a categorical dependent variable: a first within the relevant econometric literature. Fundamentally, the study tests the widely-held—although empirically unsubstantiated—technological deterministic assumption that the more readily CBRN technology, materials, and knowledge are accessible to terrorists, the more likely terrorists will be to use unconventional weapons of the corresponding kind: a relationship hypothesized to be stronger for serious attack perpetrators than for hoaxers. Next, the study tests the notion of a continuum of proliferation potential, hypothesizing that as states’ regulatory capacity increases, biological terrorism will be most likely and nuclear terrorism will be least likely. Finally, the study assesses variables that have previously been proven as significant determinants of CBRN over conventional terrorism, to provide the groundwork for future evaluation of the extent to which terrorists may be induced to pursue C, B, R, or N over conventional weapons.Cette étude explore les facteurs, en supposant qu'un terroriste ait franchi le seuil des armes traditionnelles en utilisant des armes non traditionnelles comme les armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucléaires (CBRN), qui détermineront la possibilité qu'il/elle choisisse d'utiliser les armes C, B, R ou N. En s'appuyant sur des données primaires de labase de données Monterey WMD, elle se sert d'une régression logit multinomial avec C, B,R ou N comme une variante dépendante catégorique : il s'agit d'une première pour la documentation pertinente économétrique. Principalement, l'étude vérifie la supposition très répandue - même si elle n'est pas empiriquement corroborée - comme quoi plus latechnologie CBRN, les matériaux et les connaissances sont accessibles aux terroristes, plus les terroristes seront portés à se servir d'armes non traditionnelles pour la situation quis'apprête : une relation censée être plus solide pour des auteurs d'agressions plus dangereuses que pour les charlatans. Ensuite, l'étude vérifie la notion d'une continuité de prolifération éventuelle, en supposant qu'avec l'augmentation de la capacité deréglementation de l'État, le terrorisme biologique serait le plus probable, alors que le terrorisme nucléaire serait le moins probable. Enfin, l'étude évalue les variantes qui ont déjà été prouvées comme déterminant de façon importante les CBRN plutôt que le terrorisme traditionnel, pour fournir un travail préparatoire pour de futures évaluations de l'étendue avec laquelle les terroristes pourraient être incités à se servir d'armes C, B, Rou N plutôt que des armes traditionnelles.

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Rutić, Srđan Z. "Chemical terrorism." Vojno delo 68, no. 2 (2016): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo1602290r.

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Emmett, Stevan R., and Peter G. Blain. "Chemical terrorism." Medicine 48, no. 3 (March 2020): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2019.12.008.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical terrorism"

1

Houghton, Brian K. "Gearing up and getting there : improving local response to chemical terrorism /." Santa Monica, CA : Pardee RAND Graduate School, 2004. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/14262.

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Ovdiienko, Oleksandr. "NATO's role in the protection of the civil population against the consequences of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear terrorist attacks." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FOvdiienko.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Maria Rasmussen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-60). Also available online.

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Baldauf, Paul D. "Chemical industry security voluntary or mandatory approach?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FBaldauf.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Thomas J. Mackin, Nadav Morag. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-79). Also available in print.

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4

Akhmetov, Artur. "Analysis of attack scenarios on chemical facilities." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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In current work the security of chemical facilities is addressed with regard to the elevated terrorist threat due to recent wave of terrorist attacks. Security Vulnerability Assessment using the ANSI/API Standard 780 methodology is conducted. The methodology is applied on an arbitrarily selected oil refinery in Europe as defined in a case study. The facility is characterised in terms of hazards and critical assets. In the course of the assessment 5 attack scenarios are developed. Forensic data about adversary weaponry and capabilities is collected. Vulnerabilities of the selected oil refinery are revealed. The consequences of the formulated scenarios are assessed based on the blast effects of probable improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The blast waves produced by IEDs are simulated in CONWEP© software. The ‘overpressure vs range’ and ‘penetration vs range’ graphs are extracted as a result of the simulation. Afterwards, the escalation thresholds with respect to different types of equipment are applied in order to verify further knock-on effects. Moreover, several overpressure values corresponding to catastrophic rupture, steel support breakage, deformation of vessel are employed in order to estimate the impact zones. Injuries, probable fatalities and glass wounds stand-off zones are estimated. As for human injuries and structural damage, probit analysis is carried out and a percentage of exposed people and buildings is evaluated. Finally, a set of security countermeasures with regard to uncovered vulnerabilities is proposed.

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5

Панчева, Г. М., and Олексій Іванович Пилипенко. "Загроза хімічного тероризму в освітніх закладах." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39346.

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Розглянуто ризики, пов'язані з загрозами прояви хімічного тероризму в освітніх установах. Показано, що загроза хімічного тероризму має тенденцію до збільшення, через зростання соціальної напруги в світі. Детально перераховані варіанти доступу до високотоксичних речовин. Встановлено, що найбільш ймовірними способами здійснення терористичних актів із за стосуванням отруйних речовин є підрив ємностей з токсичними речовинами, розпорошення аерозолів отруйних речовин. Окремо розглянуті ризики, що виникають при використанні хімічних речовин в освітніх закладах.
Consideration was given to the risks relating to the threat of chemical terrorism at the institutions of education. It is shown that the threat of chemical terrorism tends to the aggravation due to the social tension in the world. A detailed list of the options of access to highly toxic substances has been given. It is established that the most probable ways of carrying out the acts of terrorism using toxic substances are the blowing up of vessels containing highly volatile and nonvolatile toxic substances, leaving the vessels with easily volatile substances and spraying the aerosols of toxic substances. Special consideration was given to the risks that arise when chemical substances are used at the institutions of education.

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Coyle, Jesse Aaron. "Optimization of nuclear, radiological, biological, and chemical terrorism incidence models through the use of simulated annealing Monte Carlo and iterative methods." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43599.

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A random search optimization method based off an analogous process for the slow cooling of metals is explored and used to find the optimum solution for a number of regression models that analyze nuclear, radiological, biological,and chemical terrorism targets. A non-parametric simulation based off of historical data is also explored. Simulated series of 30 years and a 30 year extrapolation of historical data are provided. The inclusion of independent variables used in the regression analysis is based off existing work in the reviewed literature. CBRN terrorism data is collected from both the Monterey Institute's Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism Database as well as from the START Global Terrorism Database. Building similar models to those found in the literature and running them against CBRN terrorism incidence data determines if conventional terrorism indicator variables are also significant predictors of CBRN terrorism targets. The negative binomial model was determined to be the best regression model available for the data analysis. Two general types of models are developed, including an economic development model and a political risk model. From the economic development model we find that national GDP, GDP per capita, trade openness, and democracy to significant indicators of CBRN terrorism targets. Additionally from the political risk model we find corrupt, stable, and democratic regimes more likely to experience a CBRN event. We do not find language/religious fractionalization to be a significant predictive variable. Similarly we do not find ethnic tensions, involvement in external conflict, or a military government to have significant predictive value.

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Novotná, Martina. "Nebezpečí chemického terorismu v podmínkách České republiky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232700.

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Based on the literature review was mapped situation of chemical terrorism in the Czech Republic. In the introductory part of the thesis mentioned characteristics and the distribution to terrorism, is focused specifically on the chemical, which is carried out by chemical weapons. It is the setting between the so-called weapons of mass destruction. To address the proper and timely handling of emergencies such as use of the Integrated Rescue System software tools that help to model the vehicle in a situation where there is some way to leak chemicals. In this work were selected 2 software – ALOHA and TerEx. According to the resulting values were selected substance that could be considered dangerous, so most libely diverted to terrorist attack. In conclusion, it was pointed out the hazard assessment of industrial chemicals, and was advised to prepare the content and scope of the threat of chemical attack.

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Peck, Caroline. "After Syria: Potential and Prospects of Chemical Weapons." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1858.

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This paper examines the possible future of chemical weapons through an exploration of the origins and history of legal proscriptions on their use and the practical utility of their procurement and use. Past public misunderstanding of the extent of the chemical weapons threat, exacerbated by propaganda, as well as fears of retaliatory use motivated efforts to ban the use of chemical weapons. These prohibitions have had and continue to have weaknesses and loopholes that prevent their intentions from being fully realized. While chemical agents have a wide variety of applications and have several unique advantages, including psychological effects on victims, their use is limited by several drawbacks. The accessibility of some agents is also limited for actors who are not major powers. Recent developments in chemical weapons use, especially their use in the Syrian civil war, inform present understanding of international resolve to prevent chemical weapons use and the continued advantages chemical weapons provide. These findings provide a framework to understand future opportunities for actors to produce chemical weapons and the likelihood that these actors will actually use chemical weapons.

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Richter, Andreas. "Where is Super Terrorism? : A quantitative study of CBRN use by non-state actors." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-10220.

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Terrorism is academically understood as the quest of non-state actors to cause fear beyond the immediate victims of their action to reach political goals. Means that have an immense psychological impact are therefore expected to be sought after to a high extent by these actors. This paper seeks therefore to explain the surprisingly low frequency of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) attacks by non-state actors and why the attempts which have been made rarely accomplish to cause mass casualties, also called super terrorism. Through multiple logistic regression analysis of data from the Profiles of Incidents Involving CBRN and Non-state Actors (POICN) database, this study found that lack of actor experience from prior CBRN attempts is correlated to failed CBRN events. The paper also found that events before the year 2001 did fail to a higher extent than after 2001. However, the paper did not find support for hypotheses provided by the literature regarding how sophisticated the plot was or that the perpetrator motive affected the outcome of CBRN events. The study did neither find support for alternative explanations regarding that regime type or state wealth correlated with the outcome of CBRN events. Further research should therefore involve grounded theoretical work in both conventional as CBRN terrorism studies as theoretical frameworks lack in the field which has negative complications for this type of positivistic hypothesis-testing studies. Without studies that test theoretical claims, CBRN terrorism studies are at risk of being contaminated with cognitive biases regarding the severity and frequency of the threat.

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Kelle, A., K. Nixdorff, and Malcolm R. Dando. "Controlling Biochemical Weapons: Adapting Multilateral Arms Control for the 21st Century." Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2744.

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No
Scientific and technological change in the life sciences is currently transforming the problem of preventing biological warfare and biological terrorism. This transformation will demand a radical and rigorous new approach to biochemical arms control, for which the existing prohibition regimes for chemical and biological weapons are necessary but insufficient building blocks. Examples from the areas of immunology, neurosciences, and the neuroendocrine-immune system are used to show the magnitude of the problem. This book will conclude with outlining additional measures required to control biochemical weapons in the 2lst Century.

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Books on the topic "Chemical terrorism"

1

Massingham, Gordon. Terrorism: Chemical weapons. 2nd ed. Edgartown, MA: distributed by Emergency Film Group, 2007.

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Yonah, Alexander, and Hoenig Milton M, eds. Super terrorism: Biological, chemical, and nuclear. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, 2001.

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Monov, Alexander, and Christophor Dishovsky. Medical aspects of chemical and biological terrorism: Chemical terrorism and traumatism. Sofia: Pub. House of the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria, 2005.

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Melnick, Alan L. Biological, Chemical, and Radiological Terrorism. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-47232-4.

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Tu, Anthony. Chemical and Biological Weapons and Terrorism. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315305516.

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Massingham, Gordon. Terrorism: Biological weapons. 2nd ed. Edgartown, MA: distributed by Emergency Film Group, 2007.

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Schierow, Linda-Jo. Chemical plant security. New York: Novinka Books, 2003.

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Monov, Alexander, and Christophor Dishovsky. Medical aspects of chemical and biological terrorism: Biological terrorism and traumatism. Sofia: Pub. House of the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria, 2004.

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J, Kendall Ronald, ed. Advances in biological and chemical terrorism countermeasures. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008.

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Houghton, Brian K. Gearing up and getting there: Improving local response to chemical terrorism. Santa Monica, CA: Pardee RAND Graduate School, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical terrorism"

1

Coleman, Kim. "Chemical Terrorism." In A History of Chemical Warfare, 131–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230501836_7.

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Theodore, Louis, and R. Ryan Dupont. "Military and Terrorism." In Chemical Process Industries, 321–34. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003283454-22.

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Matar, Hazem, and Robert P. Chilcott. "Chemical Warfare and Terrorism." In Toxicology for the Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 449–63. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203730584-25.

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Schmid, Alex P. "Chemical Terrorism: Precedents and Prospects." In Treaty Enforcement and International Cooperation in Criminal Matters, 413–23. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-695-4_52.

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Dishovsky, Christopher D. "The Problems of Chemical Terrorism." In Technology for Combating WMD Terrorism, 41–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2683-6_4.

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Tu, Anthony. "An Example of Chemical Terrorism: Sarin Terrorism in Japan." In Chemical and Biological Weapons and Terrorism, 65–100. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315305516-4.

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Zanders, Jean Pascal. "Internal dynamics of a terrorist entity acquiring biological and chemical weapons." In Nuclear Terrorism, 26–54. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315679778-3.

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Tu, Anthony. "Chemical Agents and Weapons." In Chemical and Biological Weapons and Terrorism, 3–24. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315305516-1.

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Tu, Anthony. "Destruction of Chemical Weapons." In Chemical and Biological Weapons and Terrorism, 147–62. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315305516-9.

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Volders, Brecht. "Aum Shinrikyo’s chemical and biological armament activities." In The Nuclear Terrorism Threat, 101–20. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge global security studies: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003149514-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical terrorism"

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MANLEY, RON G. "CHEMICAL TERRORISM: FIVE STRATEGIC CHALLENGES." In The Cultural Planetary Emergency: Focus on Terrorism. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702388_0011.

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WHEELIS, MARK. "CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM: LESSONS FROM HISTORY." In The Cultural Planetary Emergency: Focus on Terrorism. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702388_0017.

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MANLEY, RON G. "MANAGING THE RISK OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL TERRORISM." In International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 34th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812773890_0052.

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LEIVESLEY, SALLY. "CROSS DISCIPLINARY MITIGATION OF CBRNE RISK: CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, EXTREME EXPLOSIVES, ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL ATTACKS." In The Cultural Planetary Emergency: Focus on Terrorism. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702388_0013.

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Gordon, Susanna P., Isabelle Chumfong, Donna M. Edwards, Nathaniel J. Gleason, Todd West, and Lynn Yang. "Biological and chemical terrorism scenarios and implications for detection systems needs." In Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Theodore T. Saito, Daniel Lehrfeld, and Michael J. DeWeert. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.719869.

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Hunt, Allen R., and William Foreman. "Development of a software tool to support chemical and biological terrorism intelligence analysis." In Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, edited by Wade Ishimoto. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.263145.

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Mustard, T. "339. Protection of First Responders and Medical Personnel Following Chemical and Biological Terrorism Attacks." In AIHce 2001. AIHA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765873.

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Lindsey, Pamelyn G., and Dennis C. Hendershot. "The Importance of Inherently Safer Processes to Site Security." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41962.

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Inherently safer processes (ISP) have become increasingly more important in recent years, specifically since the terrorist events of September 2001. New emphasis on site security and vulnerability has made it imperative for the chemical industry to view new and existing processes in a creative way. The tools available in designing an inherently safer process will allow industry to make these changes. “We ought, when possible, to be removing hazards rather than controlling them” (Kletz [1]). The concepts of inherent safety will be reviewed with specific examples with site security implications. For example the in-situ intermediate generation of methyl isocyanate (MIC) is a striking example of the concept of minimization and is of particular interest, since after the Bhopal incident, large quantities of MIC would be a target for terrorism. Other examples such as in-situ generation of phosgene use of aqueous ammonia instead of anhydrous, and elimination of chlorine cylinders in water treatment will be discussed with site security implications. The concepts used to create these inherently safer designs can then be integrated into existing process safety management programs to improve the overall safety of the chemical industry.

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Adams, J. D., B. Rogers, and R. Whitten. "Microcantilever technology for law enforcement and anti-terrorism applications: chemical, biological, and explosive material detection." In Defense and Security, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.606720.

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Bailey, Christopher G., Don W. Arnold, and David J. Rakestraw. "Progress towards a Chip Based Detector for Explosives." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1998.lmb.4.

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The need for rapid, accurate detection of chemical species in the environment has prompted much interest in the development of chemical detectors. A number of considerations must be taken into account in the design of a successful sensor such as low false alarm rates, low levels of detection, ease of use and reliability. Moreover, the ideal device would be compact and have low power requirements. Recent progress in chip based chemical analysis offers great promise toward the development of such a detector.1 Chip based devices offer a number of advantages such as speed, reproducibility, and the need for low sample volume. An example of a class of compounds that demands rapid and accurate detection are the nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives. Prompt, reliable detection of explosives amidst a complex background is important in a number applications such as mine detection, anti-terrorism measures, environmental remediation, forensics, and health and safety concerns. Here we present results on the separation of explosive compounds using microcapillary electrokinetic chromatography and their detection using indirect laser-induced fluorescence. These techniques are readily amenable toward miniaturization and integration into a single chip based device.

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Reports on the topic "Chemical terrorism"

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Larsen, James P. Chemical Warfare, Terrorism, and National Defense. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394318.

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Johnson-Winegar, Anna. Federal Technology Development for Combating Chemical and Biological Terrorism. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423876.

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Edwards, Donna M., Paula A. Krauter, David Oliver Franco, and Mark David Tucker. Key planning factors for recovery from chemical terrorism incidents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1055919.

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Edwards, Donna M., Phillip N. Price, Susanna P. Gordon, and Ashok Gadgil. Guidelines to improve airport preparedness against chemical and biological terrorism. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/952849.

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Jones, Sonja. Performance of the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards Help Desk. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1557480.

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Hoette, Trisha Marie. Systems analysis of past, present, and future chemical terrorism scenarios. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039409.

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7

Whitbred, IV, and George N. Offensive Use of Chemical Technologies by US Special Operations Forces in the Global War on Terrorism: The Nonlethal Option (Maxwell Paper, Number 37). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455470.

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8

Ackerman, G., J. Bale, and K. Moran. Assessing Terrorist Motivations for Attacking Critical "Chemical" Infrastructure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/897993.

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Lake, William A., Paul D. Fedele, and Stephen M. Marshall. Guidelines for Mass Casualty Decontamination during a Terrorist Chemical Agent Incident. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392018.

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Kolencik, Marian. A critical evaluation of the risk indicators of criminal conduct involving CBRN and explosive materials - Behavioural and observational analysis in crime detection and investigation. ISEM Institute, n.p.o., October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52824/vzrb5079.

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Terrorist attacks using explosives and CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear) materials have been present throughout history. While the frequency of CBRN terrorist attacks is relatively low compared to those with explosives and other types of weapons, it is crucial to treat the efforts of both terrorist organizations and individuals with appropriate gravity in order to avert catastrophic consequences. Identifying warning signs that indicate criminal behaviour is crucial for preventing planned crimes or terrorist attacks, and there is a need for more precise coverage of potential risk indicators related to CBRN and explosive crimes. This research aimed at examining and scrutinizing possible warning signs associated with planning and conducting terrorist attacks using CBRN and explosive materials. The research was implemented in three phases. First, comprise the systematic literature review. In the second phase, the case studies and CCTV records from past cases from Europe, USA, Australia and Asia were analysed and the aim was to create a list of risk indicators and categories for future reference by developing a methodological tool. The last phase represented a survey in which the practitioners from European Law enforcement and Intelligence Agencies critically assessed the list of risk indicators and their categories created based on the previous two steps of the research. The last goal was to gain the agreement and endorsement of law enforcement officials from different European nations regarding the validity and importance of recognized risk indicators and their categories, as well as their ranking for use in operational tasks, investigations, and training. The majority of the respondents found the identified categories and risk indicators as reliable and relevant for their operational activities and investigations. For the second research question, the survey results prioritized categories of risk indicators that are most suitable for the detection tactics of investigators and intelligence officers. The third research question examined the ease of observing identified risk indicators, with the category of technological detection/air sampling alarm risk indicators ranking as the easiest to detect. Finally, the survey found that the identified risk indicators are useful for training activities of security entities. Several final comments and recommendations from participants were also discussed, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple factors when identifying risk indicators and the value of the comprehensive list of identified risk indicators. The publication also examines some terrorist theories, the advantages, limitations, and the ongoing debate surrounding the use of profiling in protective security.

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