Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical thinning

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical thinning'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical thinning"

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RADIVOJEVIC, Dragan, Cedo OPARNICA, and Jasminka MILIVOJEVIC. "MODELING OF APPLE CHEMICAL FRUIT THINNING." "Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture Montanology Cadastre Series " 53, no. 1 (2023): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aamc.v53i1.1470.

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Crop load management in intensive apple orchards must be done precisely to produce a high yield with marketable fruit size. It also ensures the formation of flower buds on the tree for the next season and prevents alternative bearing. In addition to pruning, flower and fruit thinning is another management method that has a major impact on crop yield. Compared to other methods, chemical thinning is the cheapest, can be done quickly and allows fruit thinning at the right time, which guarantees better fruit quality. The decision on the type of chemical agent, concentration and timing of applicati
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Bound, Sally A. "Managing Crop Load in European Pear (Pyrus communis L.)—A Review." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070637.

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Reducing levels of fruit set is often desirable in many European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars. With a negative linear relationship between crop load and fruit size, crop load management early in the season minimises wastage of tree carbohydrate resources and provides maximum benefits in terms of fruit size and quality. There are several tools available for managing crop load including hand thinning, chemical thinning, photosynthetic inhibition through shading or application of chemicals, mechanical thinning and pruning. While hand thinning is the most accurate method of reducing excessiv
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Stan, S., N. Burloi, Pr Ionescu, et al. "CHEMICAL THINNING OF PEACHES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 173 (December 1985): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1985.173.45.

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Bound, S. A., and Mitchell. "CHEMICAL THINNING IN NASHI." Acta Horticulturae, no. 596 (December 2002): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.596.136.

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Vercammen, J., A. Gomand, and D. Bylemans. "Chemical thinning of ‘Nicoter’." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1346 (September 2022): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2022.1346.57.

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Mu, Xinyang, Magni Hussain, Long He, et al. "An Advanced Robotic System for Precision Chemical Thinning of Apple Blossoms." Journal of the ASABE 66, no. 5 (2023): 1125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15678.

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Highlights A cartesian robotic spraying system was developed for precision apple blossom thinning. Flower clusters were detected and localized with deep learning model for target spraying. A communication algorithm was developed for positioning the spray end-effector to the target flowers. The cartesian robotic system greatly reduced chemical usage while maintaining thinning effectiveness in the final green fruit set. Abstract. Crop thinning, including blossom thinning, is one of the critical management strategies that determines the annual profitability of apple orchards. Challenges still rem
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De Mello Farias, Roseli, Caroline Farias Barreto, Carlos Roberto Martins, Renan Ricardo Zandoná, Andressa Vighi Schiavon, and Paulo Celso De Mello Farias. "Chemical thinning of peach trees." Comunicata Scientiae 13 (June 12, 2022): e3686. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v13.3686.

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Peach tree thinning is essential to harvest quality fruits and to keep balanced production for several years. Manual thinning of peach trees demands much work force and increases production costs. Chemical thinning may be an alternative solution, but efficiency depends on doses and species. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of metamitron – applied at different concentrations – on chemical thinning of peach trees in the south of Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a commercial peach tree orchard where ‘Sensação’ cultivars, in Morro Redondo, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil. Th
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ÇİĞDEM, Zekeriya, and Meltem AYAZ. "Alternate Bearing and Chemical Thinning Applications in Olives." Muş Alparslan University Journal of Agriculture and Nature 3, no. 2 (2023): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.59359/maujan.1285873.

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In this review, in which the subject of alternance in olives is discussed, the effect of alternance on olive cultivation and the methods of coping with alternans are examined in line with the latest literature. The latest developments in chemical dilution, which is the most effective and most practical among alternative methods of combating alternance, are brought together. Chemical dilution studies on olives conducted in 2021 and before were searched for and presented in this review using various databases. As a result of the literature review, access to 20 scientific research articles direct
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Szafran, E., Z. Kizner, I. David, and S. Zilkah. "MODELLING CHEMICAL THINNING IN PEACH." Acta Horticulturae, no. 499 (October 1999): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.499.12.

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Brar, S. S., P. P. S. Minhas, and G. S. Kaundal. "CHEMICAL THINNING OF KINNOW MANDARIN." Acta Horticulturae, no. 321 (October 1992): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.321.47.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical thinning"

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De, Villiers Michiel Hendrik Jacobus. "Mechanical and chemical thinning of stone fruit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95809.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Producing fruit of the appropriate size and high quality is of the upmost importance to realize a profit in the fruit industry. This can be achieved through bloom or fruitlet thinning to reduce the number of fruit left on the tree. The cost of production is rising and labour cost forms a large part of the total production cost. Thinning of stone fruit is labour intensive and expensive, so an alternative to hand thinning needs to be found. Two alternatives are chemical and mechanical thinning. Chemical thinners are not routi
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Steenkamp, Human. "New chemical thinning strategies for stone fruit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98026.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Thinning of stone fruit, just as in any other deciduous fruit crop, plays an important role in producing fruit of the right size and quality. Hand thinning is highly labor intensive and time consuming, thus an alternative method of thinning is important to the industry. Chemical and mechanical thinning either alone or in combination could be the alternative. Two chemicals, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) were evaluated on Japanese plums, cling peaches and nectarines. In addition, the Darwi
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Kirstein, Deon Louw. "Mechanical thinning of pome fruit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97920.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Thinning is an important practice in pome fruit production which aims to ensure an optimal yield of high quality, large sized fruit as well as an adequate return bloom. In South Africa, pome fruit thinning is generally done by means of chemicals, with follow-up hand thinning. When thinning is effective, set and thus the hand thinning requirement should be reduced. This is important as labor cost associated with hand thinning is high and continually rising. Chemical thinning is weather dependent and can be environmentally harmful
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Chabikwa, Tinashe Gabriel. "Chemical thinning of European pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L.)." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/2023.

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Stein, Henry David. "Comparison of chemical and manual methods of precommerical thinning oak stump-sprouts." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020211/.

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Zhu, Hong. "Investigation of Regulatory Mechanisms of Chemical-Mediated Fruit Thinning in Apple (Malus X Domestica Borkh.)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30220.

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Fruit thinning is critical to the success of apple industry because most apple trees are prone to biennial bearing characterized by heavy bloom and over-cropping in the â onâ year and low or no cropping in the â offâ year. Fruit thinning can improve fruit size, increase return bloom, and reduce alternate bearing habit of apple trees. Chemical thinning has been widely used as a horticultural practice by growers for years in apple and other fruit production. However, its thinning results are often variable and very difficult to predict since parameters as well as their interactions (e.g. c
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Allen, William Chester G. "Evaluating Application Timing Strategies, Suitability, and Efficacy of Apple Blossom Thinning Chemicals for Commercial Use." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96444.

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With post-bloom chemical fruit thinning responses being heavily influenced by tree carbohydrate reserves and weather conditions, there is a need for alternative thinning practices such as chemical blossom thinning in the Mid-Atlantic apple growing region. This project sought to 1) evaluate timing strategies for lime sulfur + stylet-oil blossom thinning sprays and 2) screen chemical agents for their suitability and efficacy as blossom thinners. In the first study, two 'Gala'/'M.9' blocks in different states (North Carolina and Virginia) were utilized in 2019 to compare between pollen tube growt
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Sagredo, Karen X. "Effect of rest-breaking and fruit thinning treatments on reproductive development in apple." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/2038.

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Rosa, Nídia Diana Heleno. "Comparison between benzyladenine and metamitron as chemical thinning agents in Gala, Kanzi, Pink Lady and Red Delicious apple cultivars." Master's thesis, ISA - Ul, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12172.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL<br>This experiment was conducted in PCFruit Research Station orchards in Sint-Truiden, Belgium in 2015, in ‘Gala’, ‘Kanzi®’, ‘Pink Lady®’ and ‘Red Delicious’. Four treatments were tested: untreated, manual thinning, two applications of 165 ppm of metamitron at 8 and 12 mm and one application of 150 ppm of benzyladenine between 8 and 12 mm fruit diameter. All cultivars were sprayed on the same days. Fruit drop was counted, phytotoxicity evaluated after June drop, fruit growth rate was assessed and photosynthetic efficiency
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Surampudi, Vasudha. "POLYSACCHARIDE-BASED SHEAR THINNING HYDROGELS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL CELL CULTURE." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3872.

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The recreation of the complicated tissue microenvironment is essential to reduce the gap between in vitro and in vivo research. Polysaccharide-based hydrogels form excellent scaffolds to allow for three-dimensional cell culture owing to the favorable properties such as capability to absorb large amount of water when immersed in biological fluids, ability to form “smart hydrogels” by being shear-thinning and thixotropic, and eliciting minimum immunological response from the host. In this study, the biodegradable shear-thinning polysaccharide, gellan-gum based hydrogel was investigated for the
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Books on the topic "Chemical thinning"

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Thinning Edges A Chemical Reaction. UBH Publications Inc, 2006.

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Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Active microrheology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.003.0007.

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Active microrheology uses external forces (most typically magnetic or optical) to force microrheological probes into motion. These techniques short-circuit the Einstein component of passive microrheology. Active microrheology provides an additional handle to probe material properties, and has been used both to extend the range of materials amenable to microrheological analysis, and to examine material properties that are inaccessible to passive microrheology. Three main topics are presented: the use of active microrheology to extend the range of passive microrheology, while maintaining many of
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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical thinning"

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Williams, Max W. "Chemical Thinning of Apples." In Horticultural Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118060742.ch7.

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Moran, Renae E., and Stephen M. Southwick. "Chemical Bloom Thinning of Pome and Stone Fruits." In Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture and Horticulture. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003578505-9.

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"Study of Mixing in Shear Thinning Fluid Using CFD Simulation." In Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering. Apple Academic Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18402-22.

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Bollina, Ravi, William Gemmill, Terry Knight, and Helge Willers. "Rapid Thinning in SiC Wafering: Innovations and Impacts on the Value Chain." In Silicon Carbide - Materials, Devices and Emerging Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1008810.

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The semiconductor industry’s demand for high-performance, cost-effective substrates has driven innovations in silicon carbide (SiC) wafer manufacturing. SiC’s exceptional electrical properties make it an ideal material for high-power, high-frequency, and high-temperature applications. However, traditional wafer thinning methods like mechanical grinding and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) are time-consuming and costly, limiting throughput and increasing the cost of production. The Rapid Thinning process (RTP) developed by Pureon represents a breakthrough in wafer processing technology, comb
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Cup, W., G. Mazza, and C. G. Biliaderis. "Processing optimization and physico-chemical characteristics of flaxseed polysaccharide gums." In Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 7. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634651.003.0012.

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Abstract Response surface methodology was used to optimize the aqueous extraction of polysaccharides from flaxseed. Temperature, pH and seed/water ratio were the major parameters affecting yield, chemical composition and rheological characteristics of the crude gum extract. Optimum conditions for extraction were a temperature of 85-90°C and a neutral pH (6.5-7). Seed/water ratio had a smaller effect on yield and properties of flaxseed gum than temperature and pH. Flaxseed gum extracted under optimum conditions gave relatively high yield (7.9%) and contained over 80% carbohydrates. Using ion ex
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Dobhal, Kiran, Vikash Jakhmola, and Jaya Rautela. "Diversities of Omnipotent Tulsi: Pharmacological and Chemical Aspects." In The Chemistry inside Spices & Herbs: Research and Development. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815196801124030008.

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Ocimum is a well-known genus accepted for various ethnopharmacological benefits worldwide. The Tulsi plant is abundant globally; and falls under the Ocimum species. Earlier, numerous species relevant to the Ocimum genus have been identified and cultivated in various parts of the world. Leaves of Ocimum contain 0.1% of essential oils, which are composed of eugenol, citral, ursolic acid, carvacrol, linalool, limatrol, caryophyllene, camphor, and estragole while fatty acids and sitosterol are present in the volatile oil of seed. Eugenol is responsible for its potential effect. The ethnopharmacolo
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Ohmura, Naoto, Hayato Masuda, and Steven Wang. "Vortex Dynamics in Complex Fluids." In Vortex Dynamics - From Physical to Mathematical Aspects. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101423.

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The present chapter provides an overview of vortex dynamics in complex fluids by taking examples of Taylor vortex flow. As complex fluids, non-Newtonian fluid is taken up. The effects of these complex fluids on the dynamic behavior of vortex flow fields are discussed. When a non-Newtonian shear flow is used in Taylor vortex flow, an anomalous flow instability is observed, which also affects heat and mass transfer characteristics. Hence, the effect of shear-thinning on vortex dynamics including heat transfer is mainly referred. This chapter also refers to the concept of new vortex dynamics for
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Zhang, Yiwen, Kangning Tao, Shusen Hu, and Linye Zhu. "Analysis of Causes of Wall Thinning of Ammonia Pipes in a Power Plant." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3233/atde241168.

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Since December 2022, the pipe wall thinning or leakage phenomenon has frequently occurred in a power plant. The failure parts mostly occurred at the lower part of the horizontal pipes. The failure position is 30 mm–60 mm before and after the pipe weld. The initial leak point is small. After being tapped by the hammer, a large area of the pipe section near the leak point is broken. At this time, two TP316L ammonia pipes’ wall of a 600 MW power plant unit were found thinner after more than two years of operation. Causes of thinning were analyzed by macroscopic examination, chemical composition a
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May, James, and Fiona Harrison. "Coda." In Scurvy. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182933.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses the neurological basis of scurvy. The physical symptoms of extreme vitamin C deficiency, i.e., scurvy, have been described in numerous ships' logs, diaries, and medical texts, stretching back for hundreds of years. Examples include hemorrhage, and the characteristic broken blood vessels under the skin; and hyperkeratosis, or changes in hair such as thinning, alopecia, and corkscrew hairs on the limbs. However, modern techniques in neuroscience research have revealed the highly complex roles of vitamin C in the brain, which may have changed the behavior of those experienc
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Wang, Yuwei, Zhenxin Liang, Jia Yang, Li Lu, and Qian Sun. "Study on the Microstructure and Properties of T91 Steel Pipe after 96000 Hours Service Under High Temperature and High Pressure." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230448.

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The microstructure, macro morphology, oxide layer morphology and mechanical properties of T91 steel after 96000 hours of service at high temperature and high pressure were investigated. The results show that the service steel pipe has good macroscopic appearance, no obvious wear, scratch, bulge, deformation, surface crack and other abnormal features, and no obvious thinning of wall thickness. The chemical composition of different pipe sections meets the standard, and the microstructure is mainly tempered martensite, which is evenly distributed, with a small amount of massive ferrite and no obv
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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical thinning"

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Oliva-Chatelain, Brittany L., John A. Pugh, Sudhakar Mahajanam, and Fred Addington. "Low H2S High Temperature Sulfur Attack in Refining Hydrotreating Processes." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14626.

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Abstract There are three known types of high temperature sulfidation present in the refining industry. Two of them have industry recognized methodologies for damage prediction, and they both manifest as general thinning morphologies. They are known as H2-free sulfidation and H2/H2S corrosion. The third type, although recognized as H2-free, low-sulfur corrosion, does not have an accepted chemical theory or a prediction tool, and it manifests as a localized thinning morphology. This third type of sulfidation is much less common and occurs in units and process conditions where little-to-no H2S wo
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Arlt, Norbert, Winfried Heimann, and Thomas Ladwein. "Performance of Nickel Alloy Weldments in a High Nitrogen Superaustenitic Stainless Steel in Oxidizing Chloride Environments." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91198.

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Abstract The corrosion behaviour of nickel-base alloys and high alloyed stainless steels was investigated in the unwelded and welded state in a simulated chlorine dioxide bleached pulp washer environment. Laboratory tests were performed under electro-chemical control as well as in a solution with a defined ClO2-concentration at free corrosion potential. Nickel-base alloys in unwelded condition were prone to general thinning. Stainless steels with a very high resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion behaved quite sufficient. Nickel base alloys welded either autogenously or with nickel base f
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Al-Shahrani, S., A. Al-Meshari, G. N. van Zyl, and A. K. Bairamov. "Failure Analysis of Bank Tubes of Boiler." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02330.

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Abstract This paper presents failure analysis performed to investigate thinning observed in bank tubes of a package boiler. Thorough investigation using visual inspection, chemical analyses, metallographic examinations and mechanical testing showed that the bank tubes failed by flow assisted corrosion. The bank tubes were fabricated of carbon steel UNS K01200 and had been in service for 12 years. Failure contributing factors as well as corrective actions are discussed in order to avoid reoccurrence of erosion corrosion.
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Aldossary, Yousef A., Tariq A. Al-Ghamdi, Abdullah M. Alratoee, and Omar S. Al-Abdulgader. "Design Aspects of Chemical Injection Systems in Crude Distillation Unit Overhead Section - A Case Study." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00501.

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Abstract Corrosion in Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) overhead is a well-known challenge over the years, therefore, many mitigation measures are being utilized to control it. One of the recognized damage mechanisms in the overhead circuit is Hydrochloric Acid Corrosion. This mode of failure is dependent on the calculated dew point where vapors containing water and hydrogen chloride condense. In such cases, the initial water droplets formed can be highly corrosive due to their low pH. To mitigate this damage mechanism, a chemical injection system is commonly used, incorporating neutralizing amine
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Herfurth, Norbert, Awwal A. Adesunkanmi, Abdelkhalek Bouchtouq, Gerfried Zwicker, and Christian Boit. "Novel Backside IC Preparation Stopping on STI with Full Circuit Functionality Using Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) with Highly Selective Slurry." In ISTFA 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2024p0416.

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Abstract Mechanical sample preparation is a crucial and indispensable step in modern failure analysis (FA). Traditional methods excel in reducing bulk silicon to thicknesses of several tens of micrometers. However, contemporary demands necessitate sample preparation below 10 µm or even below 5 µm, which is challenging, time-consuming, and requires an expensive toolset and advanced operator expertise. Existing methods, which rely on mechanical components for bulk removal, induce mechanical stress and microcracks that can alter the electrical characteristics of the sample. Maintaining the sample
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Jaffer, A. E., and A. D. AlMajnouni. "Experience with Boiler Corrosion Using an All Polymer Program." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96535.

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Abstract The reliability and the life expectancy of boilers and related equipment have been compromised due to severe chemical attack resulting in corroded tubes at different locations in the boilers. Although it seems that a chelant is responsible for the thinning, glassy, smooth, and featureless surfaces so characteristic of the chemical attack, ultimately, it is an all polymer program which has induced this corrosion. However, an all polymer program, if applied properly, would not create this corrosion. The severe corrosion experienced with the all polymer program resulted from misapplicati
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Al-Hassan, Qasem J., and Iyad A. Al-Buraiki. "SRU Reaction Furnace Waste Heat Boiler Tube Failure Causing Unscheduled Shutdown." In MPWT 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/mpwt19-14391.

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Abstract A sulfur recovery unit (SRU) train in a gas processing facility went under an emergency shutdown due to the failure of a reaction furnace waste heat boiler (WHB) tube. The failed tube had been in service for approximately 18 years. The failed tube was subjected to a number of metallurgical laboratory examinations in order to determine the damage mechanism and root cause(s) of the failure. Examinations included visual inspection, scale analysis, chemical analysis, metallographic examination and mechanical testing. The examination revealed internal corrosion thinning in the tube which l
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Divi, Suresh, and Krishna Chimbli. "A Case Study-Caustic Gouging of Boiler Tubes." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17780.

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ABSTRACT Caustic corrosion also referred to as “Caustic attack” or “Caustic gouging” generally results from the fouled heat transfer surfaces on boiler tubes and due to the presence of sodium hydroxide in the boiler water. Once the caustic concentrations reached a certain level the caustic attack occurs and results in irregular wall thinning or gouging of the tube water side surface. The damage progresses through the tube wall until it ruptures. Such caustic corrosion failure was observed in one tube from a utility’s boiler. This paper presents the laboratory metallurgical analysis of the fail
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Jaffer, A. E., Fred Addington, and A. D. AlMajnouni. "Polymer Corrosion in Boilers: Failure Mecanisms, Root Causes, Corrective Actions, and Monitoring Required." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02011.

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Abstract Polymer treatments have been used in boilers for many years. The reliability and the life expectancy of boilers have been compromised by severe chemical attack resulting in corroded tubes at different locations in the boilers. In some cases the attack profile is consistent with corrosion caused by chelant chemistry (thinning, glassy, smooth and featureless surfaces) when the real root cause is a misapplied “all polymer” program. However, it has been demonstrated that an all polymer program; if applied properly is not corrosive. Presented in this paper is the failure mechanisms related
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Schuetzenduebel, W. G., I. E. Johnson, C. W. Clemons, and H. Thielsch. "Accelerated Tube Metal Wastage in Municipal Solid Waste Fired Furnaces." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91244.

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Abstract Accelerated tube metal wastage occurred in a municipal waste fired furnace prompting a study of the cause and remedial action required to prevent a recurrence. The study included a review of operating conditions, documentation of tube wall thinning, physical inspection of systems, metallographic examination of tubes and chemical analysis of tube scale utilizing Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction techniques. The high levels of tube metal wastage was attributed to fireside corrosive attack linked to a localized reducing atmosphere. The most likely cause of the localized
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Reports on the topic "Chemical thinning"

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Shoseyov, Oded, Steven A. Weinbaum, Raphael Goren, and Abhaya M. Dandekar. Biological Thinning of Fruit Set by RNAase in Deciduous Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568110.bard.

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Abstract:
Fruit thinning is a common and necessary practice for commercial fruit production in many deciduous tree fruit species. Fruit thinning in apple may be accomplished with a variety of chemical thinning agents, but the use of these chemicals is a subject of environmental concern. It has been shown recently that RNase enzyme, secreted from the stigma and the style, inhibits pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. In this study we have been able to show that Aspergillus niger B-1 RNase can effectively inhibit peach and apple pollen germination, and tube elongation in-vitro, as well as thin f
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