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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chemical warfare agent simulants'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Daphney, Cedrick M. "The Fate and Transport of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants in Complex Matrices." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_theses/13.

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Experiments to determine the fate and transport of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DIFP), O,S-diethyl methylphosphonothioate (OSDEMP), and 2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) exposed to complex matrix systems are reported here. The aforementioned simulants were used in place of O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GB), O-Ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX), and Bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide (HD), respectively. At ambient temperature, simulant pH (2.63 to 12.01) and reaction time (1 minute to 24 hours) were found to have signi

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2

Gordon, Wesley Odell. "Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Optical Properties and Interaction with Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29634.

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Materials with length scales in the nanometer regime demonstrate properties that are remarkably different from analogous bulk matter. As a result, researchers are striving to catalog the changes in properties that occur with decreasing size, and more importantly, understand the reason behind novel nanomaterial properties. By learning the true nature of nanomaterials, scientists and engineers can design better materials for a variety of applications. Inert gas-phase condensation synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles was used to develop materials to explore the optical and chemical properties o

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3

McPherson, Melinda Kay. "The Reactivity of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants on Carbamate Functionalized Monolayers and Ordered Silsesquioxane Films." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26793.

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The reactivity of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and CWA simulants on organic and oxide surfaces is not currently well understood, but is of substantial importance to the development of effective sensors, filters and sorbent materials. Polyurethane coatings are used by the armed forces as chemical agent resistive paints to limit the uptake of CWAs on surfaces, while the use of metal oxides has been explored for decontamination and protection purposes. To better understand the chemical nature of the interactions of organophosphonate simulants with these surfaces, an ultra-high vacuum environm

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4

Uzarski, Joshua Robert. "Reflection Absorption Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Surface Chemistry Relevant to Chemical and Biological Warfare Agent Defense." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26107.

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Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy was used as the primary analysis technique to study the interfacial chemistry of surfaces relevant to chemical and biological warfare agent defense. Many strategies utilized by the military to detect and decompose chemical and biological warfare agents involve their interaction with surfaces. However, much of the chemistry that occurs at the interface between the agents and surfaces of interest remains unknown. The surface chemistry plays an important role in efficacy of both detection and decontamination technology, and by obtaining a deeper underst

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5

Wilmsmeyer, Amanda Rose. "Ultrahigh Vacuum Studies of the Fundamental Interactions of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Simulants with Amorphous Silica." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54366.

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Developing a fundamental understanding of the interactions of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) with surfaces is essential for the rational design of new sorbents, sensors, and decontamination strategies. The interactions of chemical warfare agent simulants, molecules which retain many of the same chemical or physical properties of the agent without the toxic effects, with amorphous silica were conducted to investigate how small changes in chemical structure affect the overall chemistry. Experiments investigating the surface chemistry of two classes of CWAs, nerve and blister agents, were perform

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6

Wang, Guanyu. "Interfacial Energy Transfer in Small Hydrocarbon Collisions with Organic Surfaces and the Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants within Metal-Organic Frameworks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100746.

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A molecular-level understanding of gas-surface energy exchange and reaction mechanisms will aid in the prediction of the environmental fate of pollutants and enable advances toward catalysts for the decomposition of toxic compounds. To this end, molecular beam scattering experiments performed in an ultra-high vacuum environment have provided key insights into the initial collision and outcome of critical interfacial processes on model systems. Results from these surface science experiments show that, upon gas-surface collisions, energy transfer depends, in subtle ways, on both the properties

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7

Chapleski, Jr Robert Charles. "Computational Investigations at the Gas-Surface Interface: Organic Surface Oxidation and Hydrolysis of Chemical Warfare Agents and Simulants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77514.

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Motivated by recent experiments in gas-surface chemistry, we report our results from computational investigations of heterogeneous systems relevant to atmospheric chemistry and protection against chemical weapons. To elucidate findings of ultra-high vacuum experiments that probe the oxidation of carbon-carbon double bonds on model surfaces, we used electronic structure and QM/MM methods to study the reaction of ozone with C60-fullerene and the products of nitrate addition to a vinyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer. In the first system, we followed a reaction pathway beginning with primary

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8

Sharp, Conor Hays. "Fundamental Studies of the Uptake and Diffusion of Sulfur Mustard Simulants within Zirconium-based Metal-Organic Frameworks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102928.

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The threat of chemical warfare agent (CWA) attacks has persisted into the 21st century due to the actions of terror groups and rogue states. Traditional filtration strategies for soldier protection rely on high surface area activated carbon, but these materials merely trap CWAs through weak physisorption. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials to catalyze the degradation of CWAs into significantly less toxic byproducts. The precise synthetic control over the porosity, defect density, and chemical functionality of MOFs offer exciting potential of for use in CWA degr

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9

Kittle, Joshua D. "Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Sorption Into Trisilanolphenyl-Poss Films." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35688.

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Developing methods to detect, adsorb, and decompose chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is of critical importance to protecting military and civilian populations alike. The sorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a CWA simulant, into trisilanolphenyl-POSS (TPP) films has previously been characterized with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and uptake coefficient determinations [1]. In our study, the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is used to study the sorption phenomena of DMMP into highly ordered Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of TPP. In a sa

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10

Boglarski, Stephen L. "Application of hydrogen bond acidic polycarbosilane polymers and solid phase microextraction for the collection of nerve agent simulant /." Download the thesis in PDF, 2006. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Boglarski2006.pdf.

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11

Holman, Charles E. "Predicting biological warfare agent detector performance." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3091.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.<br>Vita: p. 232. Thesis director: Andrew Loerch. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biodefense. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 7, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 226-231). Also issued in print.

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12

Sundberg, Jeffrey P. "U.S. chemical warfare stockpile vulnerability effects to local infrastructure from a chemical-agent release." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FSundberg.pdf.

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13

Subramaniam, Raja. "Simplified Routines for Sample Preparation and Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agent Degradation Products." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-54639.

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The thesis describes the development of new and improved methods for analyzing degradation markers from organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs). Paper I and II describes an innovative and significantly improved method for the enrichment, derivatization (trimethysilylation) and GC-MS analysis of a broad range of organophosphorus CWAs degradation markers, namely the alkylphosphonic acids and a zwitterionic compound. That was achieved using solid phase disc extraction in combination with solid phase derivatization. The new method overcomes most limitations observed with existing technique

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14

Richardson, Douglas Dennis. "Modern advancements in elemental speciation from sample introduction to chemical warfare agent detection /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1250178457.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.<br>Advisor: Joseph A. Caruso. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 30, 2010). Keywords: Elemental Speciation; ICPMS; Chemical Warfare Agents; Phosphorus; Liquid Chromatography; Gas Chromatography; Capillary Electrophoresis. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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15

Beck, Jeremy M. "Organophosphorus nerve agent chemistry; interactions of chemical warfare agents and their therapeutics with acetylcholinesterase." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313416337.

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16

Richardson, Douglas Dennis II. "Modern Advancements in Elemental Speciation: From Sample Introduction to Chemical Warefare Agent Detection." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250178457.

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17

Manoosingh, Lane Leslie. "Design of a chemical agent detector based on polymer coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator technology." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000412.

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18

Brown, Jason David. "Development of an Effective Therapeutic for Nerve Agent Inhibited and Aged Acetylcholinesterase." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1334341199.

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19

Selbe, Tyler J. "Applications of aluminosilicate and zincosilicate materials: aqueous phase ion exchange and gas phase adsorption." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7057.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Chemical Engineering<br>Jennifer L. Anthony<br>Zeolites and zeolite-like materials have well-ordered structures and pores creating varying capacities for molecules based upon size, functional groups, polarity, and intermolecular forces making the materials useful for molecular sensing as well for molecules that are considered hazardous at very low concentrations with reproducible results because of these properties. This study will identify and characterize applications for zeolite and zeolite-like materials in gas and liquid phases based upon the dominat

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20

Driscoll, Darren Matthew. "Spectroscopic Studies of Small Molecule Adsorption and Oxidation on TiO2-Supported Coinage Metals and Zr6-based Metal-Organic Frameworks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100685.

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Developing a fundamental understanding of the interactions between catalytic surfaces and adsorbed molecules is imperative to the rational design of new materials for catalytic, sorption and gas separation applications. Experiments that probed the chemistry at the gas-surface interface were employed through the utilization of in situ infrared spectroscopic measurements in high vacuum conditions to allow for detailed and systematic investigations into adsorption and reactive processes. Specifically, the mechanistic details of propene epoxidation on the surface of nanoparticulate Au supported on

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21

Jeffery, Brandon Reed. "Design and Construction of a High Vacuum Surface Analysis Instrument to Study Chemistry at Nanoparticulate Surfaces." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76776.

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Metal oxide and metal oxide-supported metal nanoparticles can adsorb and decompose chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their simulants. Nanoparticle activity depends on several factors including chemical composition, particle size, and support, resulting in a vast number of materials with potential applications in CWA decontamination. Current instrumentation in our laboratory used to investigate fundamental gas-surface interactions require extensive time and effort to achieve operating conditions. This thesis describes the design and construction of a high-throughput, high vacuum surface anal

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22

Spiandore, Marie. "Evaluation de la contamination et de la décontamination des cheveux après exposition à des agents chimiques toxiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4776.

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Comme l’a montré l’utilisation de sarin en Syrie en 2013, les agents chimiques de guerre restent une menace. L’exposition de populations est une situation d’urgence qui nécessite des moyens rapides et efficaces. La décontamination et le soin des personnes exposées restent une priorité. Les cheveux représentent une matrice couramment utilisée dans le domaine médico-légal. Dans ce travail, notre intérêt se porte sur la capacité du cheveu à capter et libérer des composés dans l’air, notamment l’ypérite, ainsi que sur l’efficacité de décontamination de cette matrice. Pour ce travail, nous avons ut

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23

Parrish, Douglas K. "Application of solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as a rapid, reliable, and safe method for field sampling and analysis of chemical warfare agent precursors /." Download the dissertation in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Parrish2005.pdf.

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24

Grissom, Tyler Glenn. "Fundamental Investigations of Hazardous Gas Uptake and Binding in Metal-Organic Frameworks and Polyurethane Films." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101079.

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The advancements of chemists, engineers, and material scientists has yielded an enormous and diverse library of high-performance materials with varying chemical and physical properties that can be used in a wide array of applications. A molecular-level understanding of the nature of gas–surface interactions is critical to the development of next generation materials for applications such as gas storage and separation, chemical sensing, catalysis, energy conversion, and protective coatings. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopic techniques were employed to pro

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25

Koske, Daniel [Verfasser], Reinhold [Akademischer Betreuer] Hanel, and Eric [Gutachter] Achterberg. "Dumped munitions : Effects, metabolism and detection of explosive compounds and chemical warfare agent-related chemicals in fish from the Baltic Sea / Daniel Koske ; Gutachter: Eric Achterberg ; Betreuer: Reinhold Hanel." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221599771/34.

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26

Bignon, Cécile. "Nanoparticules en réseau pour la protection cutanée." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4084/document.

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Les agents chimiques de guerre et leurs dérivés pesticides sont des molécules toxiques qui provoquent une incapacité temporaire ou des dommages permanents allant jusqu’à la mort de l’individu. Une des voies majeures de la contamination est la pénétration cutanée. La protection de la peau semble donc importante pour prévenir de ces dangers. Cette thèse concerne l’élaboration de nouveaux topiques protecteurs cutanés contenant des polymères HASE fluorés greffés avec des nanoparticules de silice, cérine ou titane. Dans un premier temps les actifs ont été synthétisés en grosse quantité et leurs pro

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27

Rolland, Pauline. "Décontamination du cuir chevelu humain après exposition aux agents chimiques de guerre." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10215.

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Les neurotoxiques organophosphorés sont appelés agents chimiques de guerre car ils sont une menace à la fois pour les militaires et pour les populations civiles. La voie percutanée est l’une des principales voies d’entrée pour ces agents, et plus particulièrement pour le VX, très peu volatil. La décontamination des surfaces exposées est alors cruciale afin d’éviter l’intoxication des victimes. En cas d’attentat terroriste, le cuir chevelu humain pourrait être un site préférentiel d’exposition. Cette partie du corps, riche en follicules pileux, pourrait nécessiter des produits et des processus

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28

McKenna, Josiah Michael. "Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) for toxicological drug screens and biomonitoring of chemical warfare agent exposure." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7912/C2TQ04.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Paper spray is an ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry that is well-known for its ability to accomplish rapid and sensitive analyses without any need for sample preparation. This work further develops the technique in two major areas: negative ionization and drug screening. Negative ionization has always been an obstacle to electrospray-based ion sources because of its vulnerability to corona discharge, but methods are presented here to both quantify and suppress this electrical phenomenon, thus preventing it from inter

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29

Chang, Ching-Fui, and 張進福. "Feasibility Studies on the Use of Sea Water for Preparation of Decontamination Agent for Combating Chemical Warfare Agents." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43369459080361067804.

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碩士<br>元智大學<br>化學工程學系<br>93<br>表2-1 神經性毒劑主要物理性質 6 表2-2 神經性毒劑對人的毒性 8 表2-3芥子氣、路易氏劑及氮芥氣的主要物理性質 11 表2-4 液滴態糜爛性毒劑對人的皮膚毒性 12 表2-5 芥子氣不同途徑的毒性 13 表2-6 氫氰酸和氯化氰的主要物理性質 14 表2-7 氫氰酸和氯化氰吸入毒性 15 表2-8 光氣、雙光氣主要物理性質 17 表2-9 光氣對人的毒性 18 表2-10 雙光氣對人的毒性 18 表2-11 刺激性毒劑的主要理化性質 20 表2-12 刺激性毒劑對人的毒性 21 表3-1 海水與河水離子成份比較表 28 表3-2 直讀式儀器各項測定值 34 表3-3 有效氯滴定程序及滴定時的顏色變化 37 表3-4 有效氯的滴定結果 38 表3-5 氣相分析儀儀器操作條件 41 表3-6 氣相分析儀溫控條件 41 表3-7

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30

"Stimuli Responsive Barrier Materials for Breathable, Chemically-Protective Wearable Fabrics." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62687.

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abstract: As experiencing hot months and thermal stresses is becoming more common, chemically protective fabrics must adapt and provide protections while reducing the heat stress to the body. These concerns affect first responders, warfighters, and workers regularly surrounded by hazardous chemical agents. While adapting traditional garments with cooling devices provides one route to mitigate this issue, these cooling methods add bulk, are time limited, and may not be applicable in locations without logistical support. Here I take inspiration from nature to guide the development of smart fabri

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31

Millerioux, Jennifer. "Formulation et évaluation de la stabilité et de l’efficacité de topiques protecteurs vis-à-vis des composés organophosphorés." Thesis, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10039.

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Les neurotoxiques organophosphorés (NOP) sont extrêmement toxiques et peu volatils. Dans des conditions normales de température et de pression, ils peuvent pénétrer rapidement la peau sous forme liquide et exercer leurs effets délétères. En milieu civil ou militaire, leur utilisation potentielle est toujours redoutée. Le développement de dispositifs de protection cutanée vis-à-vis de ces agents est donc d’un intérêt majeur pour les armées et la sécurité civile. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs de ce travail ont été de formuler et évaluer la stabilité et l’efficacité de topiques protecteurs cuta

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