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Journal articles on the topic 'Chemistry; Alchemists'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Madelung, Wilferd. "Maslama al-Qurṭubī’s Kitāb Rutbat al-ḥakīm and the History of Chemistry". Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 5, № 1 (2017): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2212943x-00501005.

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After the recent identification of the author of the K. Rutbat al-ḥakīm as Maslama al-Qurṭubī (d. 353/964) the value of this book for the history of alchemy/chemistry can be fully appreciated. Maslama was the first author to quote the Arabic Tome of Pictures (Muṣḥaf al-ṣuwar) of the Egyption alchemist Zosimos of Panopolis. He must have received a copy of this work from a center of alchemical learning in the western Maġrib. For its location the salt mining town Taġāza may tentatively be proposed. A large part of Maslama’s book deals with the rumūz, the symbolic language and puzzling expressions

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2

Kalčić, Miodrag. "Science and the New Age. Pseudo-Pulaʼs alchemists in Croatian New Age trans- mutation into gold: about the book Croatian Alchemists through the Centuries by Snježana Paušek-Baždar". Histria : the Istrian Historical Society review, № 8 (27 грудня 2018): 61–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/h2018.02.

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In the Middle Age and the Early Modern Times alchemy (transmutation into gold or chrysopoeia) was a widespread art and a popular craft of creating artificial gold. Because if failed to produce any practical results it shifted from the initial experimental practice (proto-chemistry) ever more to mysticism and spirituality. In Snježana Paušek-Baždar’s Croatian Alchemists through the Centuries alchemy is seen almost exclusively from this supernatural and super-sensory point of view, ignoring the history of natural sciences, and especially chemistry. Cited sources and the preference for Christian

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3

Bernard, Christine. "Henry de Rochas, médecin spagirique et les eaux minérales aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles." Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie 107, no. 405 (2020): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/pharm.2020.23998.

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Henry de Rochas, alchemist physician and mineral waters the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries – In the seventeenth century, mineral waters were used as medicinal waters and took all the more importance as salt chemistry was being developed under the influence of Paracelsus. Henry de Rochas d’Ayglun, King Louis XIII’s and King Louis XIV’s physician, famous then, forgotten today, also a geologist, analysed mineral waters, by distilling them following the ways of medieval alchemists so they could be used as remedies. He was to prove very innovative in the practice of medicine.

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4

Swamy, Nath. "A Brief Note on Chemistry." DER PHARMA CHEMICA 15, no. 4 (2023): 2. https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-413X.15.4.44-45.

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Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter, its properties, composition, and structure, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions. It is a fundamental science that underpins all other branches of science and technology, from biology to physics and engineering. Chemistry is essential in our daily lives, and it has revolutionized the way we live, work, and interacts with the world around us.

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5

Dobson, C. M. "PROTEIN CHEMISTRY: In the Footsteps of Alchemists." Science 304, no. 5675 (2004): 1259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1093078.

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6

Booth, Christopher. "Holy Alchemists, Metallurgists, and Pharmacists: The Material Evidence for British Monastic Chemistry." Journal of Medieval Monastic Studies 6 (January 2017): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.jmms.5.115442.

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7

Jacobson, David M. "Corinthian bronze and the gold of the alchemists." Gold Bulletin 33, no. 2 (2000): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03216582.

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8

Seymour, Raymond B. "Alkenes and their derivatives: The alchemists' dream come true." Journal of Chemical Education 66, no. 8 (1989): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed066p670.

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9

Mousavi, Aliyar. "Mercury(II) chloride nonoccurrence in nature: A molecular-level investigation." Main Group Chemistry 20, no. 2 (2021): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mgc-210009.

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Prepared by Chinese alchemists in the first millennium A.D., mercury(II) chloride (HgCl2) has been known since the Middle Ages. However, as it has never been found in mercury mines, its nonoccurrence in nature appears to be a basic assumption. Electrochemical principles were applied to show that the secondary mineral calomel in mercury mines is partly converted to HgCl2 in a multistep natural process. This showed how HgCl2 does occur naturally, providing a theoretical basis for the detection and quantification of solid HgCl2 as a mineral in mercury mines.

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10

Stepanov, Nano. "1300 Years Since the Birth of Geber – Beginning and Foundation of Arabic Alchemy." Natural Science and Advanced Technology Education 30, no. 5 (2021): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/nat2021-5.06.

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Geber (Latinized name of Jabir ibn Hayyan (c. 721 – c. 815)) is among the most notable representatives of medieval chemistry. The article, dedicated to the 1300th anniversary of his birth, tries to depict his work as the beginning and groundwork for Arabic alchemy, also serving as a push for the formation of chemistry in the future. The article touches upon his life, characteristics, evaluation of his works, doubts about his identity and authorship. His influences are examined and his achievements in the area of metallurgy (sulfur-mercury theory, characterizing all known metals), knowledge of

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11

Freeze, Jessica G., H. Ray Kelly, and Victor S. Batista. "Search for Catalysts by Inverse Design: Artificial Intelligence, Mountain Climbers, and Alchemists." Chemical Reviews 119, no. 11 (2019): 6595–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00759.

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12

Kauffman, George B. "Book Review: The Jewish Alchemists. A. History and Source Book. By R. Patai." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 34, no. 21 (1995): 2419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199524192.

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13

Newman, William R. "Painted Alchemists: Early Modern Artistry and Experiment in the Work of Thomas Wijck." Ambix 67, no. 3 (2020): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2020.1769929.

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14

Chang, Ku-Ming (Kevin). "Toleration of Alchemists as a Political Question: Transmutation, Disputation, and Early Modern Scholarship on Alchemy." Ambix 54, no. 3 (2007): 245–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174582307x237047.

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15

Newman, William R. "Newton the Alchemist: Science, Enigma, and the Quest for Nature's "Secret Fire"." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, no. 1 (2021): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf3-21newman.

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NEWTON THE ALCHEMIST: Science, Enigma, and the Quest for Nature's "Secret Fire" by William R. Newman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019. xx + 537 pages, including four appendices and an index. Hardcover; $39.95. ISBN: 9780691174877. *If there is one person associated with developments in the physical sciences, it is Isaac Newton (1642-1727). For many, he represents the culmination of the seventeenth-century Scientific Revolution: its point of convergence and simultaneously the point from which science began to exercise its full influence on society. His work is often considered a

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16

Davies, Mansel. "Isaac Newton, the alchemist." Journal of Chemical Education 68, no. 9 (1991): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed068p726.

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17

Sparling, Andrew. "Paracelsus, a Transmutational Alchemist." Ambix 67, no. 1 (2020): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2020.1720358.

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18

Melen, Rebecca L. "Frontiers in molecular p-block chemistry: From structure to reactivity." Science 363, no. 6426 (2019): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau5105.

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This year marks the 350th anniversary of the discovery of phosphorus by the alchemist Hennig Brand. However, this element was not included in the p-block of the periodic table until more recently. 2019 also marks the 150th anniversary of the preliminary tabular arrangement of the elements into the periodic system by Mendeleev. Of the 63 elements known in 1869, almost one-third of them belonged to what ultimately became the p-block, and Mendeleev predicted the existence of both gallium and germanium as well. The elements of the p-block have a disparate and varied history. Their chemical structu

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19

Kurzmann, P. "Alchemisten am Wagram." Chemie in unserer Zeit 28, no. 1 (1994): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19940280110.

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20

Lamkin, James E. "Systems Theory and Congregational Leadership: Leaves from an Alchemist's Journal." Review & Expositor 102, no. 3 (2005): 461–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003463730510200309.

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Bowen Family Systems Theory is a beneficial lens through which the minister may see his or her own life, and how that life interfaces with the life of the congregation. In addition, upon seeing the layered landscape of family and congregation, the minister may better understand his or her role as a pastor and as a leader. The article supports this thesis through personal and parish examples of how the author attempts to “live the theory.” These “system snapshots” are explored within the four basic components of the theory: The Emotional Triangle, Self-Differentiation, The Emotional Field, and

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21

Gorzalczany, Amir, and Baruch Rosen. "Artifacts Associated with the Chemical Arts in the Early Islamic Period in Ramla, Israel." Journal of Islamic Archaeology 10, no. 2 (2024): 145–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jia.23472.

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Archaeological excavations in Ramla, Jund Filastin capital during the early Islamic period, discovered in a zone of artisans and workshops, a unique complex of built and dug installations. It included barely known and understood components of a proto-chemical toolkit. The finds included an abundance of small, decorated bottles previously identified as perfume containers. Additional small finds of a proto-chemistry toolkit included e.g., bronze pipettes, delicate bronze pestles and weights. The complex is to be associated with the existence of a facility differing from an alchemist studio-labor

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22

Linti, Gerald. "The Last Alchemist in Paris. & other curious tales from chemistry. By Lars Öhrström." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 53, no. 39 (2014): 10283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201407853.

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23

Linti, Gerald. "The Last Alchemist in Paris. & other curious tales from chemistry. Von Lars Öhrström." Angewandte Chemie 126, no. 39 (2014): 10449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201407853.

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24

Schami, Rafik. "Das Leid des Alchemisten." Nachrichten aus der Chemie 50, no. 4 (2002): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.20020500416.

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25

Barth, Howard G. "The Alchemist in Literature: From Dante to the Present." Ambix 66, no. 4 (2019): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2019.1592805.

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26

Gavazov, Blagovest K., and Kiril B. Gavazov. "Does Sendivogius’ Alchemy Cancel the Celebration of the 250th Anniversary of the Discovery of Oxygen?" Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology 28, no. 1-2 (2023): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cdem-2023-0003.

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Abstract Most chemistry textbooks claim that oxygen was discovered almost simultaneously by Carl Scheele and Joseph Priestley about 250 years ago. Priestley obtained oxygen by heating mercuric oxide (1774), and Scheele -by heating NaNO3, as well as by dissolving pyrolusite in sulfuric acid (1772). The name “oxygen” was given a few years later (1779) by Antoine Lavoisier. This great scientist, often accused of taking advantage of the discoveries of others, conducted experiments related to the decomposition of water vapour over heated iron, as well as the synthesis of water from hydrogen and oxy

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27

Lee, Victoria. "Microbial Transformations." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 48, no. 4 (2018): 441–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2018.48.4.441.

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The domestication of penicillin production in Japan was a priority for the Allied occupation government (1945–1952) immediately after World War II, since manufacturing the drug using raw materials available locally would lower the cost of the occupation. In place of employing the analytical concept of technology transfer, this article explores processes of domestication (kokusanka) using the records of the Japan Penicillin Research Association (Nihon penishirin gakujutsu kyōgikai), an interdisciplinary academic association set up to mediate between government policy and industrial manufacturer

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28

Mousavi, Aliyar. "How aqua regia overcomes the chemical inertness of cinnabar: a thermodynamic analysis in light of long-term knowledge about a reaction that has been of interest for centuries." Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 39, no. 4 (2019): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic-2019-0014.

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AbstractWith the rise of the Swiss-born alchemist Paracelsus in the 16th century, the dissolution of cinnabar (red HgS) in aqua regia has repeatedly appeared in the chemical literature. This article reviews the relevant history and takes a thermodynamic approach to shed new light on the dissolution. The conclusions reveal that the reaction in which the sulfide ion is oxidized by nitric acid is the most thermodynamically favorable step in the dissolution. The importance of the role of hydrochloric acid in the dissolution, when it provides complexation, was also observed. Further, it was found t

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29

Gapsys, Vytautas, and Bert L. de Groot. "pmx Webserver: A User Friendly Interface for Alchemistry." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 57, no. 2 (2017): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00498.

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30

Schwartz, A. Truman. "Gehennical Fire: The Lives of George Starkey, an American Alchemist in the Scientific Revolution (William R. Newman)." Journal of Chemical Education 81, no. 7 (2004): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed081p953.

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31

Norrgrén, Hilde. "An Alchemist in Greenland: Hans Egede (1686–1758) and Alchemical Practice in the Colony of Hope." Ambix 67, no. 2 (2020): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2020.1747305.

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32

Clucas, Stephen. "The Royal Typographer and the Alchemist: John Dee, Willem Silvius, and the Diagrammatic Alchemy of the Monas Hieroglyphica." Ambix 64, no. 2 (2017): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2017.1356972.

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33

Figala, Karin, and Ulrich Neumann. "Chymia - die wahre Königin der Künste. Leben und Schriften des holsteinischen Dichters, Arztes und Alchemisten Michael Maier (1569-1622)." Chemie in unserer Zeit 25, no. 3 (1991): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19910250305.

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34

Office, Editorial. "Exploring an unconventional approach to cancer." Advances in Modern Oncology Research 2, no. 4 (2016): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/amor.v2.i4.159.

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<p><em>In this issue of AMOR, we introduce Dr. Asma Amleh, our Editorial Board Member and discuss her role in improving our understanding of cancer.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>According to Dr. Asma Amleh, her curiosity of science began when she was a child.<strong> </strong>“My fascination with science, and particularly applying the scientific method in research, started at a very young age while learning about the contributions of a famous Persian polymath and an important figure in the history of medicine, Abu Bakr

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35

NAGYVARY, J. "ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Stradivari Violins or Praise of the Alchemists." ChemInform 21, no. 47 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199047342.

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36

Szydło, Zbigniew A. "The beginnings of chemistry: from ancient times until 1661." Pure and Applied Chemistry, April 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2022-0203.

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Abstract Magical natural phenomena, human ingenuity and craftsmanship have evolved into the grand science of chemistry. The story of this process is described through a series of landmark developments: technical chemistry and chemical ideas in the Ancient World, natural philosophy in Ancient Greece, early chemical ideas and technology in Arabia, India and China, the rise of alchemy in Alexandria and its spread to Arabia and subsequently to Europe, the Chinese invention of gunpowder, the growth of alchemy in Europe and the alchemists’ quest to transmute base metals into gold, Michael Sendivogiu

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37

Niermeier-Dohoney, Justin. "“Rusticall chymistry”: Alchemy, saltpeter projects, and experimental fertilizers in seventeenth-century English agriculture." History of Science, September 17, 2021, 007327532110331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00732753211033159.

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As the primary ingredient in gunpowder, saltpeter was an extraordinarily important commodity in the early modern world. Historians of science and technology have long studied its military applications but have rarely focused on its uses outside of warfare. Due to its potential effectiveness as a fertilizer, saltpeter was also an integral component of experimental agricultural reform movements in the early modern period and particularly in seventeenth-century England. This became possible for several reasons: the creation of a thriving domestic saltpeter production industry in the second half o

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38

"The last alchemist in Paris & other curious tales from chemistry." Choice Reviews Online 52, no. 01 (2014): 52–0284. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.52-0284.

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39

"Von der Alchimie zu modernen Werk- und Effektstoffen." CHIMIA 51, no. 3 (1997): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.1997.76.

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Chemistry has emerged from the dark ages of alchemistry as modern science which is claiming a major part in securing our high quality of life and promoting development of future technologies, ranging from aerospace and automotive industries to microelectronics and biomedical applications. This remarkable progress is highlighted by selected advances, e.g., Berthold Schwarz and his black powder development, Justus Liebig's fertilizers, and finally Hermann Staudinger's concept of modern macromolecular chemistry with far-reaching consequences for the development of man-made fibers, rubbers, and pl

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40

Siddiqui, Osama. "The Alchemies of Science: The Kīmīyā Concept Across Persian and Urdu Intellectual Worlds." Journal of South Asian Intellectual History, November 3, 2023, 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25425552-12340044.

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Abstract This article explores the transformation of the kīmīyā concept across Persian and Urdu intellectual worlds in South Asia. It shows how kīmīyā, a premodern alchemical tradition, transformed in the nineteenth century to become the primary Urdu translative equivalent to chemistry and a popular synonym for wealth. The article argues that these changes were a result of changing conditions of knowledge production, specifically the expansion of print, as well as the arrival of new forms of knowledge, such as chemistry and political economy. In doing so, the article offers a new case study to

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41

Greenaway, Rebecca L., Kim E. Jelfs, Alan C. Spivey, and Sophia N. Yaliraki. "From alchemist to AI chemist." Nature Reviews Chemistry, July 24, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41570-023-00522-w.

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42

Lundborg, Magnus, Jack Lidmar, and Berk Hess. "On the Path to Optimal Alchemistry." Protein Journal, August 31, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10930-023-10137-1.

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AbstractAlchemical free energy calculations have become a standard and widely used tool, in particular for calculating and comparing binding affinities of drugs. Although methods to compute such free energies have improved significantly over the last decades, the choice of path between the end states of interest is usually still the same as two decades ago. We will show that there is a fundamentally arbitrary, implicit choice of parametrization of this path. To address this, the notion of the length of a path or a metric is required. A metric recently introduced in the context of the accelerat

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43

Wentrup, Curt. "Johann Rudolph Glauber: the royals’ alchemist and his secret recipes." Foundations of Chemistry, December 8, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10698-023-09493-8.

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44

Prinke, Rafał T. "The Correspondence of Boldizsár Batthyány. The Everyday Life of an Early Modern Alchemist." Ambix, May 28, 2021, 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2021.1932965.

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45

Kishi, Yuka, and Takahiro Suzuki. "Enhanced “Copper to Silver to Gold: The Alchemist’s Dream” Demonstration Using Aluminum Foil and an Anionic Surfactant." Journal of Chemical Education, August 7, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00218.

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46

"Newly discovered Boyle documents in the Royal Society archive: alchemical tracts and his student notebook." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 49, no. 1 (1995): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1995.0002.

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The life, works and influence of Robert Boyle (1627-1691) have been receiving greatly increased attention of late. Boyle scholars continue to enrich our image of Boyle by filling out his career in terms of his roles not only as a natural philosopher, theologian, and founding member of the Royal Society, but also as a rhetorician, moralist, and alchemist. Historical evidence for Boyle’s presently less well-known activities has been provided by examining his published writings in a more comprehensive and less programmatic way, and by scrutinizing the mass of surviving manuscript material (in exc

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47

Wentrup, Curt. "The Alchemist, Metal‐Divider and Transmuter Carl F. Wenzel and his 1776 Award from the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences through Professor C. G. Kratzenstein." ChemPlusChem, March 28, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202300091.

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