Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemistry and microstructure

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemistry and microstructure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Chemistry and microstructure.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Chemistry and microstructure"

1

Lannutti, J. J. "Characterization and Control of Compact Microstructure." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 12 (December 1997): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400034734.

Full text
Abstract:
The microstructure and properties of a ceramic component are largely predetermined by the processes and process controls used to manufacture them. The metric for success in manufacturing is often based on gross density. For example, optimizing pressure-density response, maximizing overall density, and minimizing springback and delaminations in powder pressing all focus on characterization and control of the overall (macroscopic) state of a powder compact. Unfortunately this focus on macroscopic effects has contributed to a general neglect of the compact at the microstructural level. Process-control variables in powder compaction have been defined and discussed by many workers, but their quantitative application to predict and control compaction behavior is limited. Advances in characterization technology and computer modeling now allow us to quantitatively characterize and simulate microstructures more easily. These and other tools can help provide the scientific and technological foundation necessary to predict and control microstructure and microstructural evolution during processing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ding, Qingqing, Hongbin Bei, Xinbao Zhao, Yanfei Gao, and Ze Zhang. "Processing, Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloy." Crystals 10, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070572.

Full text
Abstract:
A second-generation Ni-based superalloy has been directionally solidified by using a Bridgman method, and the key processing steps have been investigated with a focus on their effects on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. The as-grown microstructure is of a typical dendrite structure with microscopic elemental segregation during solidification. Based on the microstructural evidence and the measured phase transformation temperatures, a step-wise solution treatment procedure is designed to effectively eliminate the compositional and microstructural inhomogeneities. Consequently, the homogenized microstructure consisting of γ/γ′ phases (size of γ′ cube is ~400 nm) have been successfully produced after a two-step (solid solution and aging) treatment. The mechanical properties of the resulting alloys with desirable microstructures at room and elevated temperatures are measured by tensile tests. The strength of the alloy is comparable to commercial monocrystalline superalloys, such as DD6 and CMSX-4. The fracture modes of the alloy at various temperatures have also been studied and the corresponding deformation mechanisms are discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Xu, Wan Qiang, and Michael Ferry. "Recrystallization Behaviour of Cold Rolled Low Carbon Steel Strip with Various Starting Microstructures." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.419.

Full text
Abstract:
The effect of initial microstructure (acicular ferrite (AF), polygonal ferrite (PF) and strip cast (SC)) on the recrystallization behaviour of low carbon (LC) steel was investigated. Steel strip samples (0.05 wt.% C) of 2 mm in thickness were heat treated to produce an AF and PF microstructure from coarse austenite. The AF, PF and a similar chemistry SC sample manufactured from a twin roll caster were cold rolled to 50, 70 and 90% reduction, and annealed for various times in the temperature range 580-680 °C. The evolution of microstructure during recrystallization was studied by optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the SEM. The initial microstructure was found to have a substantial influence on the recrystallization behavior. PF recrystallized more rapidly than AF with SC showing extremely sluggish recrystallization behaviour. The recrystallizing grains in these initial microstructures have a lognormal distribution and the recrystallized number density (grains/mm2) decreased during annealing, with the initial microstructures affecting the degree of this decrease in number density.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kim, Young Ho, Jeong-Woo Sohn, Youngjae Woo, Joo-Hyun Hong, Gyu Man Kim, Bong Keun Kang, and Juyoung Park. "Preparation of Microstructure Molds of Montmorillonite/Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate Nanocomposites for Miniaturized Device Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 7860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11224.

Full text
Abstract:
Environmentally friendly microstructure molds with montmorillonite (MMT) or multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) nanocomposites have been prepared for miniaturized device applications. The micropatterning of MMT/PEGDA and MWCNT/PEGDA with 0.5 to 2.0 wt% of MMTs and MWCNTs was achieved through a UV curing process with micro-patterned masks. Hexagonal dot arrays and complex patterns for microstructures of the nanocomposites were produced and characterized with an optical microscope; their thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA results showed that these nanocomposites were thermally stable up to 350 °C. Polydimethylsiloxane thin replicas with different microstructures were prepared by a casting method using the microstructured nanocomposites as molds. It is considered that these microstructure molds of the nanocomposites can be used as microchip molds to fabricate nanobio-chips and medical diagnostic chip devices.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Costa de Castro Santana, Jéssica Cristina, Rejane Maria Pereira da Silva, Renato Altobelli Antunes, and Sydney Ferreira Santos. "Surface Analysis, Microstructural Characterization and Local Corrosion Processes in Decarburized SAE 9254 Spring Steel." Corrosion 75, no. 12 (October 3, 2019): 1474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3234.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of the present work was to study the surface chemistry, microstructure, and local corrosion processes at the decarburized layer of the SAE 9254 automotive spring steel. The samples were austenitized at 850°C and 900°C, and oil quenched. The microstructure was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The surface chemistry was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization were used to assess the global corrosion behavior of the decarburized samples. Scanning electrochemical microscopy was used to evaluate the influence of decarburization on the local corrosion activity. Microstructural characterization and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicate a dependence of the local electrochemical processes with the steel microconstituents and Si oxides in the decarburized layer.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ferreira-Palma, Carlos, Héctor J. Dorantes-Rosales, Víctor M. López-Hirata, and Alberto A. Torres-Castillo. "Effect of Ag additions on the microstructure and phase transformations of Zn-22Al-2Cu (wt.%) alloy." International Journal of Materials Research 112, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2020-8009.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties is studied for eutectoid Zn-22Al (wt.%) alloys modified with Cu and Ag. Three alloys with a Cu content of 2 wt.% and varying amounts of Ag were cast and hot-extruded. Different microstructural characteristics were induced by heat treatments: natural aging, artificial aging and furnace cooling. Structural and microstructural characterizations were carried out with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties were determined by tensile testing. Dilatometry was used for determining the effects of composition on the transformation points. The addition of Ag increased the ε phase fraction and provided solid solution strengthening, improving the mechanical strength and reducing ductility. Ag additions also displaced the eutectoid reaction to higher temperatures. The microstructure of the matrix has proven to have a strong impact on mechanical properties. The naturally aged specimens presented the highest ductility and tensile strength; however, these properties are severely affected by aging. Lamellar microstructures present the lowest ductility and values of tensile strength between those of the natural and artificially-aged specimens.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Jurči, Peter. "Formation of Microstructure during Sub-Zero Treatments of Chromium and Chromium-Vanadium Ledeburitic Steels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 403 (September 2020): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.403.19.

Full text
Abstract:
Despite the fact that the sub-zero treatment has widely been employed in various industrial branches more than 100 years, metallurgical principles of microstructural alterations was discovered only over past several years. Many experimental works have been done in order to describe what happens in the microstructures of various steels when they are subjected to the treatment within a temperature range 4 - 273 K and for different durations of this treatment. The obtained results infer that the changes in microstructure and thus in mechanical properties depend not only on the treatment regime used, but they are closely related to the steel chemistry. The current paper summarizes the findings obtained by sub-zero treatments of two different ledeburitic tool steels (AISI D2 and Vanadis 6). The changes in retained austenite characteristics, alterations in martensitic structures, variations in carbide characteristics and modifications in precipitation behaviour are demonstrated and discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Zhang, Yaodan, Zhijun Li, Yuanren Xiu, Chunjiang Li, Baosen Zhang, and Yu Deng. "Microstructural Characteristics of Frazil Particles and the Physical Properties of Frazil Ice in the Yellow River, China." Crystals 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060617.

Full text
Abstract:
Frazil particles, ice crystals or slushy granules that form in turbulent water, change the freezing properties of ice to create “frazil ice”. To understand the microstructural characteristics of these particles and the physical properties of frazil ice in greater depth, an in situ sampler was designed to collect frazil particles in the Yellow River. The ice crystal microstructural characteristics of the frazil particles (morphology, size, air bubble, and sediment) were observed under a microscope, and their nucleation mechanism was analyzed according to its microstructure. The physical properties of frazil ice (ice crystal microstructure, air bubble, ice density, and sediment content) were also observed. The results showed that these microstructures of frazil particles can be divided into four types: granular, dendritic, needle-like, and serrated. The size of the measured frazil particles ranged from 0.1 to 25 mm. Compared with columnar ice, the crystal microstructure of frazil ice is irregular, with a mean crystal diameter less than 5 mm extending in all directions. The crystal grain size and ice density of frazil ice are smaller than columnar ice, but the bubble and sediment content are larger.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Nascimento, Alexandre R. C., Samantha Michelle Gateman, Janine Mauzeroll, Sylvio Savoie, Robert Schulz, and Christian Moreau. "Electrochemical Behavior, Microstructure, and Surface Chemistry of Thermal-Sprayed Stainless-Steel Coatings." Coatings 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120835.

Full text
Abstract:
Thermally sprayed stainless-steel coatings were produced with a wide range of deposition parameters. The electrochemical behavior of polished coatings was monitored for 3 weeks in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution and compared to that of reference materials including a wrought stainless steel plate and a bulk ingot produced by arc melting of the spraying powder feedstock. Transitions in the polarization behavior are discussed based on the observed changes in coating microstructures as well as on the shifts in X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). Results show that the deposition parameters have a strong effect on the coating microstructures but the small differences in the polarization behavior of coatings mostly disappear after 1 week of testing. Microstructure evidence shows preferential corrosion at splats experiencing melting prior to deposition. Pitting and corrosion products between splat boundaries are also reported. XPS analysis shows that the coating surfaces are enriched in chromium oxides and hydroxides. Comparison between the coating and bulk stainless steels suggests that coating inherent defects play a major role on their impaired corrosion resistance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

HO, P. S., R. HAIGHT, R. C. WHITE, and B. D. SILVERMAN. "CHEMISTRY AND MICROSTRUCTURE AT METAL-POLYMER INTERFACES." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 49, no. C5 (October 1988): C5–49—C5–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1988504.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemistry and microstructure"

1

Zaikov, Vadim Guennadievich. "A study of poly(vinyl chloride) microstructure." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623916.

Full text
Abstract:
High-field {dollar}\sp{lcub}13{rcub}{dollar}C and {dollar}\sp1{dollar}H NMR spectroscopies were used to investigate some unusual features of the molecular microstructure of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC).;Several model monochloroalkenes were synthesized in order to determine {dollar}\sp{lcub}13{rcub}{dollar}C shift increments for the replacement of H by Cl at positions that are near an isolated internal double bond. These increments then were used to predict the {dollar}\sp{lcub}13{rcub}{dollar}C shifts of the internal allylic chloride structure in PVC. The predictions were not satisfactory, because, as expected, the increments were not additive.;It was shown that during conventional VC polymerization, the chloroallylic chain end (-CH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}CH=CHCH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}Cl) does not copolymerize with the monomer and is not destroyed by a mechanism involving allylic rearrangement, macroradical addition, and chlorine-atom {dollar}\beta{dollar}-scission to produce a -CHClCH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}CH=CHCH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}CHCl- structure. Nevertheless, that mechanism was found to operate during the preparation of a special type of PVC (made at 0{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}C with (t-Bu){dollar}\sb2{dollar}Mg initiation) which contained the rearranged chain end, -CH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}-CHClCH=CH{dollar}\sb2,{dollar} at an abnormally high concentration.;During the preparation of PVC under subsaturation VC pressures, small amounts of a 1,3-di(2-chloroethyl) branch structure were found to be formed by a "double backbiting" mechanism involving two intramolecular H abstractions in succession. The presence of this structural defect was established by the 125.77-MHz {dollar}\sp{lcub}13{rcub}{dollar}C NMR spectra of reductively dechlorinated PVC specimens. at 55-80{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}C, the two backbites leading to the defect differ substantially in relative rate, in that the backbiting:addition rate ratio is larger for the second backbite by a factor of 15-16, irrespective of temperature. No evidence was obtained for the presence of the 2-ethyl-n-hexyl branch structure that would have resulted from double backbiting by an alternative route. These findings were confirmed by spectral comparisons with the {dollar}\sp{lcub}13{rcub}{dollar}C shifts of two separately synthesized models, 9,11-diethylnonadecane and 9-(2-ethyl-n-hexyl)heptadecane.;Polymerizations of VC were performed in the presence of two potential transfer agents, trans-1-chloro-2-hexene and trans-1,5-dichloro-2-pentene. Preliminary examination of the resulting polymers by high-field NMR provided evidence for the destruction of the -CH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}CH=CHCH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}Cl chain end, during polymerization, by a mechanism involving H abstraction to form the -CH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}CH=CHC{dollar}\sp{lcub}\cdot{rcub}{dollar}HCl radical, followed by the addition of that species to VC in order to give the -CH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}CH=CHCHClCH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}- structure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Nedea, Maria Elena. "Microstructure and 13c-nuclear magnetic relaxation of bacterial poly (b-hydroxyalkanoates)." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70194.

Full text
Abstract:
A new method for the determination of the composition of poly($ beta$-hydroxybutyrate-co-$ beta$-hydroxyvalerate) (P(HB-co-HV)) copolyesters, by using optical rotation dispersion (ORD) spectra, was proposed. A linear equation based on the "optical superposition principle" has been shown to relate the specific rotation ($ alpha$) of P(HB-co-HV) samples with their content of $ beta$-hydroxyvalerate determined by $ sp1$H NMR.
The microstructure of P(HB-co-HV) copolymers, based on fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) analysis of the partial methanolysis or ammonolysis products, is described. The interpretation of the data indicated that the sequence distribution of all samples were statistically random (Bernoullian model), and permitted the detection in one sample of traces of pure poly($ beta$-hydroxybutyrate), PHB.
$ sp{13}$C spin-lattice relaxation times and NOE were measured as a function of temperature in two magnetic fields, for poly ($ beta$-hydroxybutyrate) in chloroform-d and 1,1,2,2,-tetrachloroethane-d$ sb2$ (TCE). Among the various dynamic models used for the interpretation of the data, the Dejean-Laupretre-Monnerie (DLM) model offered the best description of the segmental motion along the PHB chain.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Glenne, Rita. "Preparation and Transport Properties of SrFeO. Based Materials with controlled Microstructure." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-463.

Full text
Abstract:

This work consists of mainly two parts. The first part deals with the sintering behaviour and the microstructural stability of SrFe1-xCrxO3-δ, and the second with transport properties of membranes of the same compositions. The most important experimental tools have been dilatometry and oxygen permeability measurements. Supplementary tools were x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and particle size distribution analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Bowling, Robert John. "Effects of microstructure on heterogeneous electron transfer at carbon electrodes /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487671108306195.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Perkins, James M. "Microstructure and properties of (rare earth) doped oxide ceramics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3705/.

Full text
Abstract:
A study of alumina (AI203 ) and magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAb04) was undertaken with the aim of investigating the changes in properties and microstructural characteristics upon doping with specific rare earth elements. Microscopic imaging and analysis of RE doped polycrystalline oxide ceramics has shown convincing evidence for monolayer segregation of RE cations to grain boundaries. State of the art aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (SuperSTEM I Daresbury Laboratories) has shown monolayer segregation to grain boundaries, and atomic resolution parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy has confirmed the presence of the RE cation at the grain boundary position. The region affected by segregation has been shown to extend no further than one monolayer from the centre of the grain boundary with RE cations occupying matrix cation boundary sites. The effect of RE dopants on the powder processing and sintering of high purity commercial grade precursor powders was investigated. Differences were found between doped alumina and spinel in the sintering whereby the alumina grain growth was restricted by grain boundary mobility such that the grain size was reduced for a given sintering temperature. The grain size of spinel was unaffected by sintering temperature. Differences in the fracture behaviour between doped alumina and spinel was found. The alumina samples manifested a change from trans-granular fracture to inter-granular fracture due to the addition of RE dopants. Spinel did not show such an effect. Alumina was shown to posess an approximate Hall-Petch relationship between hardness and grain size for both doped and undoped samples, such that sub-micron grain size samples posessed high hardness. Optical characterisation has shown the potential for the use of fine grained RE doped alumina and spinel samples for hard window applications. A reduction in the grain size of alumina to below 1 μm leads to a change in the scattering mechanism, thus reducing low angle scatter and birefringence due to the refractive index mismatch. The benefits to optical properties are in addition to the benefits in mechanical properties of a submicron grain structure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Velazquez, Alberto. "Microstructure and thermal stability of PVC and chemically modified PVC." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74243.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis describes a study of the effect of microstructure on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, vinyl chloride-ethylene, VC-E, and vinyl chloride-propylene, VC-P, copolymers obtained by chemical modification of PVC. The VC-E copolymers, with an ethylene content between 1.1 and 21 mole %, are random copolymers with approximately the same degree of polymerization as the original PVC. A decrease in the number of defect sites is observed with extent of reaction. Concomitantly, the syndiotacticity increases. The VC-P copolymers, with propylene content of ca. 0.1%, also have less labile chlorines than the homopolymer since these react preferentially.
The thermal stability of solid state samples was studied, at temperatures between 150 and 190$ sp circ$C under a nitrogen atmosphere, using a conductimetric method to measure evolved HCl. The thermal stability of the modified samples is improved relative to that of the initial homopolymers. For the VC-E copolymers, a linear relationship is observed between the rates of degradation and the number of labile chlorines, total double bonds and the degree of syndiotacticity. The role of syndiotacticity on the thermal degradation behavior is confirmed in results obtained with two unmodified PVC samples, with a similar number of defect sites but different syndiotacticity. The more syndiotactic resin shows a higher thermal stability. The average polyene sequence length is independent of the ethylene concentration. Thus, the ethylene units do not interfere in the development of polyene sequences.
The VC-P copolymers also show improved thermal stability as compared to that of PVC. However, the improvement is less than that of the VC-E copolymers, due to a lower extent of substitution of labile sites.
PVC previously saturated with HCl shows a markedly increased rate of degradation reflecting the autocatalytic role of HCl. For the PVC coated samples, a decrease in the degradation rates with decreasing PVC film thickness is observed due to more efficient removal of HCl. The PVC mixtures with Chromosorb W or silica gel exhibit a decrease in the dehydrochlorination rate constants with decreasing PVC content. The inert substrate acts as a diluent and avoids agglomeration of the samples and thus facilitates the removal of HCl.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Adams, Brandy Rogers. "Ceramic materials mimicking normal bone surface microstructure and chemistry modulate osteoblast response." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50292.

Full text
Abstract:
Bone consists of collagen/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites in which poorly crystalline carbonated calcium phosphate is intercalated within the fibrillar structure. Normal bone mineral is a carbonated-apatite, but there are limited data on the effect of mineral containing carbonate on cell response. Although the exact biological role of silicate in bone formation is unclear, silicate has been identified at trace levels in immature bone and is believed to play a metabolic role in new bone formation. To mimic the inorganic and organic composition of bone we have developed a variety of bone graft substitutes. In the present body of research, we characterized the surface composition of human cortical and trabecular bone. When then characterized the surface compositions of the following potential bone substitutes: carbonated hydroxyapatite (CO₃²-HA), silicated hydroxyapatite (Si-HA), and collagen sponges mineralized with calcium phosphate using the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process. In the latter substitutes, the PILP process leads to type I collagen fibrils infiltrated with an amorphous mineral precursor upon which crystallization leads to intrafibrillar HA closely mimicking physiological bone mineral. We then determined the osteoblast-like cell response to each bone substitute to characterize the substrate’s effect on osteoblast differentiation. The observations collectively indicate that cells are sensitive to the formatting of the mineral phase of a bone substitute and that this format can be altered to modulate cell behavior.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Preece, Christopher V. J. "An investigation of the microstructure and grain-boundary chemistry of alloy 690." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/601c86b6-f4d4-482e-b11e-a9f2d97d270c.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Li, Linlin. "Microstructure characterization of polymers by modern NMR techniques." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1353000762.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Serdaroglu, Gulcan. "Controlling the microstructure of the porous nickel electrodes in alkaline electrolysers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49141/.

Full text
Abstract:
Ni-based electrodes have been extensively studied for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolysers in an attempt to improve its electrocatalytic activity through alloying it with other metals and/or increasing the surface area. However, the role of microstructure on the electrochemical performance has received little attention. In this study, Ni-based catalysts have been prepared by a powder metallurgy technique including compaction and sintering of a mixture of Ni, starting alloy (consisting of Al3Ni and Al3Ni2) and binder. As-sintered samples were then treated in concentrated alkaline solution for leaching of Al. The microstructural properties are controlled by changing the parameters of the preparation process; i.e. sintering temperature, starting alloy to Ni ratio, leaching temperature and binder properties (concentration and particle size). Increasing the sintering temperature from 625 to 900 °C improved the mechanical strength but also increased the diffusion of Al from Al-rich phases into Ni, resulting in reduced Al-rich phases available after sintering. Since Al can only be leached from Al-rich phases, the specific surface area of micro- and mesopores (with the latter having a size range of 2-14 nm) created during the leaching reduced by almost 90 % from 625 to 900 °C sintering temperature. Although there was a ca. 15 times increase in the specific surface area by increasing the starting alloy concentration from 0 to 60 wt.%, the robustness of catalysts reduced since the compressibility of alloy powder is lower than that of Ni, resulting in increased macroporosity. This suggests that the starting alloy concentration should be in the range of 20-40 wt.% in order to achieve relatively robust and inexpensive porous catalysts without compromising too much the surface area. N2 sorption isotherms showed that leaching at 30 and 50 °C resulted in pores with a slit shape, whilst leaching at 60, 70 and 80 °C lead to ink-bottle pores. This was attributed to increasing leaching rate with higher leaching temperatures in comparison to speed of atomic rearrangement at the surface. Increasing the leaching temperature from 30 to 60 °C improved the specific surface area by almost 4 times, whilst leaching at 60, 70 and 80 °C gave similar surface areas. Greater binder concentrations led to increased macroporosity and surface roughness as well as greater numbers of windows between the adjacent cavities. Consequently, the mechanical strength of porous catalysts reduced due to the decrease in the wall thickness. It was also found that the size of the binder particles influences the robustness of the porous catalysts, with the smaller the binder size the greater the robustness. The comparison of trends in alkaline electrolyser cell voltage and compositional and microstructural properties showed that the surface area has a dominant effect on the electrocatalytic activity for HER in comparison to the composition of Ni-based electrodes. Despite greater Al contents, the cell voltage still decreased with increasing surface areas (with micropores accounting for ca. 80 %). However, it was found that the effective use of micro- and mesopores depends on the pore morphology, with slit-shaped pores being more effectively used during HER in comparison to ink-bottle pores which can be more subject to mass transport limitation. It was shown that H2 bubbles cannot form inside the micro- and mesopores, therefore generated H2 can only leave the pores through diffusion which appears to be favoured by a slit shape in comparison to ink-bottles. It was also found that increasing the amount of large macropores (> 15 μm) is not advantageous to the production of electrodes for alkaline electrolysers as it results in increased electrode thickness and reduced mechanical strength with no measureable improvement in electrochemical performance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Chemistry and microstructure"

1

Bergmann, Carlos P. Dental Ceramics: Microstructure, Properties and Degradation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Handbook of boron nanostructures. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 2015.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Micro- and nanostructured polymer systems: From synthesis to applications. Toronto: Apple Academic Press, 2015.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Stephens, Joseph R. Alloy chemistry and microstructural control to meet the demands of the automotive Stirling engine. [Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1986.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Miśrā, Praśānta. Heavy-fermion systems. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Yi, Dong, ed. Metallic chains/chains of metals. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Springborg, Michael. Metallic chains/chains of metals. Boston, MA: Elsevier, 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ohser, Joachim. 3D images of materials structures: Processing and analysis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Grain Boundaries: Their Microstructure and Chemistry. Wiley, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

1948-, Spence R. D., ed. Chemistry and microstructure of solidified waste forms. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Chemistry and microstructure"

1

Lodge, Timothy P., and Paul C. Hiemenz. "Copolymers, Microstructure, and Stereoregularity." In Polymer Chemistry, 179–234. Third edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429190810-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kopp-Marsaudon, S., L. Nony, D. Michel, and J. P. Aimé. "Physics and Physical Chemistry at the Nanotip Scale." In Microstructure and Microtribology of Polymer Surfaces, 124–53. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0741.ch008.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Reimanis, Ivar E., and Kevin P. Trumble. "Fracture of Copper/Alumina Interfaces: the Role of Microstructure and Chemistry." In Ceramic Microstructures, 823–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5393-9_85.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ho, Paul S., Richard Haight, Robert C. White, B. D. Silverman, and F. Faupel. "Chemistry, Microstructure, and Adhesion of Metal—Polymer Interfaces." In Fundamentals of Adhesion, 383–406. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2073-7_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Miller, S. S., and R. G. Fulcher. "CHAPTER 5: Microstructure and Chemistry of the Oat Kernel." In OATS: Chemistry and Technology, 77–94. 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, Minnesota 55121, U.S.A.: AACC International, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9781891127649.005.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Çetinkaya, Sevil, Solmaz Karabulut, and Yavuz Imamoglu. "Investigation of the Microstructure of Metal Catalyzed Cyclopentene Co-Norbornene Polymers by Spectral Methods." In Metathesis Chemistry, 355–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6091-5_22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kinloch, A. J. "Relationships Between the Microstructure and Fracture Behavior of Rubber-Toughened Thermosetting Polymers." In Advances in Chemistry, 67–91. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1989-0222.ch003.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Trudeau, Michel L. "Surface Chemistry and Microstructure Analysis of Novel Technological Materials." In Impact of Electron and Scanning Probe Microscopy on Materials Research, 301–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4451-3_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Berglin, Mattias, Erika Johnston, Kenneth Wynne, and Paul Gatenholm. "Fluorinated Silicone Coatings with Controlled Surface Chemistry and Microstructure." In Fluorinated Surfaces, Coatings, and Films, 96–111. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0787.ch008.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Newbloom, Gregory M., Kiran Kanekal, Jeffrey J. Richards, and Lilo D. Pozzo. "Section II: Microstructure of Semiconducting Polymers Chapter 5. Characterization of Polymer Semiconductors by Neutron Scattering Techniques." In Polymer Chemistry Series, 163–86. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782624004-00163.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Chemistry and microstructure"

1

Lv, You, Li Qun Lei, Li Na Sun, Xiu Fang Zhang, and Wen Cui Xiu. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of Argopecten irradians." In 2015 4th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Chemistry and Computer Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmmcce-15.2015.284.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Meschian, Moe, Andy Duncan, Matt Yarmuch, and Fred Myschuk. "An Investigation on Microstructural Evolution of X70 Steel Pipe During Hot Induction Bending." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78018.

Full text
Abstract:
It is generally accepted that hot induction bending (HIB) results in a decrease in strength and an increase in fracture toughness in bend area, heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM). As the result, Post bend heat treatment (PBHT) is not considered to be a requirement and could be waived for saving money and time. This research work raises the concern that factual verification of proper microstructure and no localized brittle zone is vitally necessary prior to waving PBHT. Evaluation of the steel microstructure and mechanical properties as the result of various pipe chemistries during pipe bending has been verified in this experimental work. It is emphasized that knowledge and control of prior steel pipe chemistry, control of temperature, cooling rate and bending speed assures the reliability and repeatability of induction bends, especially in critical environments such as low temperature application. In the present work, qualitative and quantitative microstructural analysis, hardness and impact test performed and evaluated on samples from X70 line pipe with 3 different steel chemistries. The samples prepared from different locations on body, weld and HAZ in the as received and as bent condition. It was found that the final microstructure and mechanical properties in the as bent condition is dependent on the chemistry, steel cleanliness and microstructural uniformity. It was observed that small localized brittle zone with traces of upper Bainite and Martensite islands could be transformed in the microstructure with rich chemistry containing non-homogenous central segregation. It is concluded that factual verification of proper microstructure with no localized hard zone is required prior to waving PBHT.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cadix, Arnaud, Vincent Molinie, and James Wilson. "Effect of Fluid Loss Polymers Architecture on Cement Slurry Rheology : Impact of Adsorption and Microstructure." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/193620-ms.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Yan, Yanfa, Hao-Chih Yuan, Vernon E. Yost, Kim Jones, Mowafak Al-Jassim, and Howard M. Branz. "Microstructure and surface chemistry of nanoporous “black silicon” for photovoltaics." In 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2010.5615853.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lecomte-Beckers, J. "Relation Between Chemistry, Solidification Behaviour, Microstructure and Microporosity in Nickel-Base Superalloys." In Superalloys. TMS, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/1988/superalloys_1988_713_721.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

ZHANG, YUHONG, OLAV BECHER, and ARMIN RELLER. "EFFECT OF SILICON DOPANT ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid State Chemistry in China. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776846_0065.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Xiang, Y., Q. Wang, H. F. Cai, Y. Liu, and F. Cao. "Microstructure Evolution of Carbon Fiber in PIP-processed C/SiC Composites under High Temperature Environment." In International Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Protection 2015. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meep-15.2016.12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Liu, Jie, and Han Chen. "Microstructure and Texture Evolution of Pure Al Subjected to Torsion Deformation." In 2017 5th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Chemistry and Computer Engineering (ICMMCCE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmmcce-17.2017.121.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Yang, HongBo, PeiWen Yao, Lei Yang, and MingZeng Shao. "Effects of Spheroidized Microstructure on Bainite Nucleation in SAE 52100 Steel." In 2017 5th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Chemistry and Computer Engineering (ICMMCCE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmmcce-17.2017.206.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Xu, N. J., C. S. Liu, Z. B. Wang, and T. Sun. "The Microstructure Evolution and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding M2 High Speed Steel on Nodular Cast Iron." In The International Workshop on Materials, Chemistry and Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007441805840590.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Chemistry and microstructure"

1

Wei, R. P. Corrosion fatigue of iron-chromium-nickel alloys: Fracture mechanics, microstructure and chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7035451.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Wei, R. P. Corrosion fatigue of iron-chromium-nickel alloys: Fracture mechanics, microstructure and chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5933398.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mustain, William. Understanding the Effects of Surface Chemistry and Microstructure on the Activity and Stability of Pt Electrocatalysts on Non-Carbon Supports. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169894.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Wei, R. P. Corrosion fatigue of iron-chromium-nickel alloys: Fracture mechanics, microstructure and chemistry. Progress report, December 1, 1990--December 31, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10123824.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Wei, R. P. Corrosion fatigue of iron-chromium-nickel alloys: Fracture mechanics, microstructure and chemistry. Progress report, January 1, 1992--December 31, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10128394.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wei, R. P. Corrosion fatigue of iron-chromium-nickel alloys: Fracture mechanics, microstructure and chemistry. Final technical report, June 1, 1988--November 30, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10187068.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Martin, C. R., M. J. Tierney, I. F. Cheng, L. S. Van Dyke, Z. Cai, J. R. McBride, and C. J. Brumlik. Nano- and Microstructures in Chemistry, Electrochemistry, and Materials Science. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada206296.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Chemistry and microstructure' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography