Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemistry, nomenclature

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemistry, nomenclature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemistry, nomenclature"

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Novák, Miroslav. "Brief Outline of the History of Chemical Nomenclature." Chemické listy 116, no. 10 (October 15, 2022): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220617.

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Chemical terminology and nomenclature form an important part of chemistry. Apart from verbal terms, the important and inseparable part of nomenclature consists of symbols – logograms. They substitute names of elements and compounds and in modern nomenclatures represent their atomic or molecular weights. Old nomenclatures, first of all the alchemic one, were greatly redundant and unsystematic and used many non-compatible logograms. The first systematic nomenclature, completed by the logogram system, was created by de Morveau, Lavoisier, Berthollet, and Fourcroy (1787). The system of plausible alphabetic logograms was introduced by Berzelius (1812). The first Czech systemic nomenclature was created by Presl (1828) using only five valency suffixes; the improved nomenclature by Šafařík (1860) expressed all oxidation numbers by the word suffixes. The modern Czech chemical nomenclature tends to accept most IUPAC recommendations.
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Salzer, A. "Nomenclature of Organometallic Compounds of the Transition Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1999)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 8 (August 30, 1999): 1557–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971081557.

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Organometallic compounds are defined as containing at least one metal-carbon bond between an organic molecule, ion, or radical and a metal. Organometallic nomenclature therefore usually combines the nomenclature of organic chemisty and that of coordination chemistry. Provisional rules outlining nomenclature for such compounds are found both in Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1979 and in Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, 1990This document describes the nomenclature for organometallic compounds of the transition elements, that is compounds with metal-carbon single bonds, metal-carbon multiple bonds as well as complexes with unsaturated molecules (metal-p-complexes).Organometallic compounds are considered to be produced by addition reactions and so they are named on an addition principle. The name therefore is built around the central metal atom name. Organic ligand names are derived according to the rules of organic chemistry with appropriate endings to indicate the different bonding modes. To designate the points of attachment of ligands in more complicated structures, the h, k, and m-notations are used. The final section deals with the abbreviated nomenclature for metallocenes and their derivatives.ContentsIntroduction Systems of Nomenclature2.1 Binary type nomenclature 2.2 Substitutive nomenlcature 2.3 Coordination nomenclature Coordination Nomenclature3.1 General definitions of coordination chemistry 3.2 Oxidation numbers and net charges 3.3 Formulae and names for coordination compounds Nomenclature for Organometallic Compounds of Transition Metals 4.1 Valence-electron-numbers and the 18-valence-electron-rule 4.2 Ligand names 4.2.1 Ligands coordinating by one metal-carbon single bond 4.2.2 Ligands coordinating by several metal-carbon single bonds 4.2.3 Ligands coordinating by metal-carbon multiple bonds 4.2.4 Complexes with unsaturated molecules or groups 4.3 Metallocene nomenclature
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Pekov, Igor V., Sergey V. Krivovichev, Andrey A. Zolotarev, Viktor N. Yakovenchuk, Thomas Armbruster, and Yakov A. Pakhomovsky. "Crystal chemistry and nomenclature of the lovozerite group." European Journal of Mineralogy 21, no. 5 (October 30, 2009): 1061–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1957.

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Giles, P. M. "Revised Section F: Natural products and related compounds." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 4 (January 1, 1999): 587–643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971040587.

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The nomenclature of natural products has suffered from much confusion, mostly for historical reasons. The isolation of a new substance, in the early days of the science, generally preceded its characterization by a lengthy period. Thus, these compounds were often assigned trivial names that gave no indication of the structure of the molecule and were often found afterwards to be misleading. Even when the original names were later revised (for example: glycerin to glycerol) the new names often expressed the structure imperfectly and were thus unsuitable for the nomenclatural manipulation that is required to name derivatives or stereoisomers. The result was a proliferation of trivial names that taxed the memory of chemists and obscured important structural relationships.The resultant disorder in the literature led to the creation of committees of specialists with the task of codifying the naming of compounds in various connected areas of natural-product chemistry, such as steroids, lipids, and carbohydrates. As far as their recommendations have been followed, their efforts have been successful in eliminating confusing or duplicate nomenclature.It is the aim of the lUPAC Commission on Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry to unite as far as possible all the specialist reports into a single set of recommendations that can be applied in most areas of natural-product chemistry. Accordingly, provisional recommendations were prepared and published as Section F of the lUPAC Organic Nomenclature Rules, first in 1976, and then in the 1979 edition of the Rules.
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Golub, A. "CHEMICAL TERMINOLOGY AND NOMENCLATURE OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Chemistry, no. 1(55) (2018): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2209.2018.1(55).1.

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Ukrainian chemical terminology is one of the most advanced in the world, due to the rapid development after the rise of independence and it basing on the latest developments of IUPAC terminology and nomenclature. First of all, it is owed to the fundamental principles developed by our predecessors, who, in the difficult times of Soviet power, overcoming the impenetrable walls of imperial resistance, nevertheless tried to promote the development of chemical terminology in the course of time, and sometimes ahead of the advanced international and national terminology of others, even free countries. The orientation on the international terminology standards was chosen to build a new Ukrainian terminology and nomenclature at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry of Shevchenko University of Kyiv in the 50's – 70's of the 20th century The basic requirements for the terminology and nomenclature of inorganic chemistry were formulated, which can be used as a guide for the development of Ukrainian chemical terminology and nomenclature nowadays: 1.Chemical terms should correspond to the modern meaning. 2. The nomenclature of inorganic compounds and elements should be consistent with the foundations of inorganic chemistry. 3. The nomenclature should be developed in close connection with the systematics of chemical elements and compounds. 4. The new Ukrainian nomenclature in inorganic chemistry should be based on the international nomenclature. 5. When creating a new nomenclature it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the Ukrainian language. 6. The nomenclature should be rational and give unambiguous names of chemical compounds. 7. The transfer of terms and names from other languages should be created according to the phonetic principle and transcribed from the original language. The most important principles of Ukrainian chemical terminology and nomenclature of coordination chemistry have been discussed, examples of the possibilities of adaptation of the IUPAC nomenclature rules on the basis of the Ukrainian language have been demonstrated.
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FUENTES-ARDERIU, JAVIER. "International Nomenclature in Clinical Chemistry." Annals of Internal Medicine 106, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-6-915_2.

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Wilson, M. A. "Systematic Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry." Organic Geochemistry 32, no. 9 (September 2001): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6380(01)00078-x.

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Fox, Robert B. "Nomenclature of Polymeric Materials." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 68, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538755.

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Abstract The purpose of this brief review is to aquaint the authors and readers of Rubber Chemistry and Technology with the essentials of polymer nomenclature. To ensure quality communication, it is important that a common language be utilized that is understood, not only by those in the rubber and elastomers field, but by anyone in related areas of polymer science and technology as well. Traditional and trade names of polymeric materials often have time-honored meanings but are obscure or incomplete and frequently fail to convey reasonably accurate information. Many polymer and chemical names are at best ambiguous, but are easily correctable. The methods outlined here have been adopted by the Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC); their use in Rubber Chemistry and Technology is strongly recommended. Additional details will be found in the appropriate IUPAC publications. Note that for the purposes of this paper italics are generally used to set-off “names” for emphasis. However, when naming polymers for RC&T, Roman characters should generally be used with only the ‘connectives’ or ‘prefixes’ appearing in italics (see Table I). By convention, in manuscripts text that is to be printed in italics should be underlined.
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Fuentes-Arderiu, X. "Standardization of nomenclature in clinical chemistry." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.7.1552a.

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Palacios, Joaquin. "Octachem Model: Organic Chemistry Nomenclature Companion." Journal of Chemical Education 83, no. 6 (June 2006): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed083p890.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemistry, nomenclature"

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Perafán, Echeverri Gerardo Andrés, and B. Fredy M. Tinjaca. "General Aspects and First Progress Report on a Frame of a Research on Specific Professional Knowledge of Chemistry Teachers Associated with the Notion of Chemical Nomenclature." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116990.

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Within the framework of research about professional teacher’s knowledge, our business is to identify and to characterize with case study method, a kind of specific professional teacher´s knowledge of Chemistry professorate, associated to the chemical nomenclature notion. This kind of research guides the sight to the teaching contents, but it postulates the teacher as an essential actor of that knowledge, rather than ignore of the other actors (didactic community, researchers, specialists, students, etc.) our research realizes the specific construction that the teacher makes, beyond the «spontaneous epistemologies» category, between others, which seems to deny an academic and discipline character of the built knowledge by the teachers. First, we show a brief reference to the research program on professional teacher´s knowledge which frames in the development of research line about Specific Professional Teacher´s Knowledge associated with Particular Categories, which belongs to the research group «Por las Aulas Colombianas- INVAUCOL». After that, we show a short justification about the choice of the particular category: chemical nomenclature, as a studied object, besides the historical importance that it has to the professional teaching consolidation, recognizing the teacher´s specific contributions to discipline body construction of school knowledge. Finally, weset in consideration some general methodological criteria defined in this research, and we show too, some preliminary reflections derived from field work in thepresent state of the project.
En el marco de la investigación sobre el conocimiento profesional del profesor, nos ocupamos de identificar y caracterizar, con estudios de caso, un tipo de conocimiento profesional específico del profesorado de química asociado a la noción de nomenclatura química. Este tipo de investigaciones orienta nuevamente la mirada hacia los contenidos de enseñanza, pero postula al profesor como un actor fundamental en la construcción de dicho conocimiento. Antes que desconocer a los otros actores (comunidad de didactas, investigadores, especialistas, estudiantes,etc.) nuestra investigación da cuenta de la construcción específica que realiza elprofesor, más allá de la categoría «epistemologías espontáneas», entre otras, que parecen negar el carácter académico y disciplinar de los saberes construidos por el profesor.Presentamos una breve aproximación al programa de investigación sobre el conocimiento profesional del profesor, en el cual se encuadra el desarrollo de la línea de investigación acerca del conocimiento profesional específico del profesor, asociado a categorías particulares, que forma parte de la agenda académica del Grupo Investigación por las Aulas Colombianas (INVAUCOL). Posteriormente, presentamos una corta justificación de la elección de las categorías particulares: nomenclatura química, por ejemplo, como objeto de este estudio; así mismo, de la importancia histórica que tiene para la consolidación de la profesión docente reconocer los aportes concretos del profesorado a la construcción del cuerpo disciplinar del saber escolar. Finalmente, ponemos a consideración algunos criterios metodológicos generales definidos en la investigación y presentamos unas reflexiones preliminares que se derivan del trabajo de campo en el estado actual del proyecto.
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Булітко, Л. Є. "Необхідність стандартизації назв неорганічних сполук в навчально-методичній літературі для викладачів хімії." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67657.

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Українська хімічна номенклатура побудована згідно з правилами Міжнародної спілки теоретичної і практичної хімії (ІUРАС) і розкрита в працях під керівництвом проф. М. Ю. Корнілова, а також представлена в Державному стандарті України “Елементи хімічні, речовини прості. Терміни та визначення основних понять. Умовні позначення” (ДСТУ 2439-94), що діє з 1994 року. Таким чином, вимоги і правила сучасної номенклатури є обов’язковими для використання в хімічній навчально- методичній літературі вже понад 20 років.
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PŘÍLEPKOVÁ, Aneta. "Tvorba počítačové hry vhodné pro opakování názvosloví organické chemie." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-253078.

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This diploma thesis is concerned with the creation of computer game (adventury) and its consequent use in chemistry lessons at primary school. The game may be used as means of motivation. It is set in the surroundings of Jindřichův Hradec and it includes a set of tests that enable pupils to test their knowledge of organic nomenclature.
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ENGLICKÝ, Tomáš. "Výuková počítačová hra, její tvorba a využití při opakování názvosloví organické chemie." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316660.

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This diploma thesis is concerned on the creation of computer game (adventure). This game may be used as means of motivation in chemistry lessons at primary school. The student is tested on the relevant topics of organic chemistry during the game. The tests are mainly directed on the organic chemistry nomenclature. The adventure takes place in the castle Jindřichův Hradec. The student also learns the basic facts and history of this compound. In this way they acquire inter-subject links.
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Fiala, Vít. "Jednoduché počítačové hry pro výuku chemie - možnosti a limity." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352451.

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This master thesis is aimed at the issue of activating methods of teaching, namely didactic games in Chemistry lessons. In the theoretical part activating methods of teaching, didactic games, visualization of molecules and the programming language Java were described. The aim of the practical part was to create the "Chemical 3D Matching Pairs Game", dealing with two topics - the naming of organic compounds and the natural products. The 3D structure of used compounds can be examined by students during playing the game. The created game was tested by secondary school students and its didactic potential was evaluated. The main benefits of the game were student activation and a high motivational character.
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Books on the topic "Chemistry, nomenclature"

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A, McCleverty Jon, Connelly N. G, and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), eds. Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry. 3rd ed. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001.

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G, Connelly N., Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, eds. Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing/IUPAC,., 2005.

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J, Leigh G., and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Commission on the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry., eds. Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990.

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J, Leigh G., and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Commission on the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry., eds. Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1991.

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J, Thurlow K., ed. Chemical nomenclature. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1998.

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Hellwinkel, D. Systematic Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56765-0.

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McCleverty, Jon A., and Neil G. Connelly, eds. Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry II. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781849732529.

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Klaus, Görlitzer, ed. Organic chemical nomenclature. Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1989.

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Fresenius, Philipp. Organic chemical nomenclature. Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1989.

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Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard, baron, 1737-1816. and Bensaude-Vincent Bernadette, eds. Méthode de nomenclature chimique. Paris: Seuil, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemistry, nomenclature"

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Jenkins, A. D. "Nomenclature for polymer chemistry." In Chemical Nomenclature, 146–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4958-7_6.

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Rasmussen, Kjeld. "Nomenclature." In Lecture Notes in Chemistry, 5–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45591-9_2.

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Fink, Johannes Karl. "Nomenclature." In Physical Chemistry in Depth, 401–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01014-9_14.

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Gupta, Radha Raman, Mahendra Kumar, and Vandana Gupta. "Nomenclature of Heterocycles." In Heterocyclic Chemistry, 3–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72276-9_2.

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Ravve, A. "Introduction and Nomenclature." In Principles of Polymer Chemistry, 1–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2212-9_1.

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Casy, Alan F., and George H. Dewar. "Nomenclature and Methodology." In The Steric Factor in Medicinal Chemistry, 11–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2397-4_2.

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Banks, R. E., and J. C. Tatlow. "Organofluorine Chemistry: Nomenclature and Historical Landmarks." In Organofluorine Chemistry, 1–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1202-2_1.

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Barrett, G. C. "Nomenclature of Amino Acids." In Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Amino Acids, 1–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4832-7_1.

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Hellwinkel, D. "Introduction." In Systematic Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56765-0_1.

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Hellwinkel, D. "Literature." In Systematic Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 4–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56765-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemistry, nomenclature"

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SILVA, Andrei Marcelino Sá Pires, Edna Aparecida Faria de ALMEIDA, and Jorge Fernando Silva de MENEZES. "EXTRACTION, PURIFICATION, AND COMBINATION OF LAPACHOL IN NOVEL EUROPIUM COMPLEX." In SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021 INTERNATIONAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. DR. D. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.21scon.38_abstract_silva.pdf.

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Lapachol belongs to the group of 1,4-naphthoquinones, with the addition of a hydroxide group attached to carbon 2 and a branched alkene nomenclature 3-methyl-2-butenyl attached to carbon 3, with final nomenclature 2-hydroxy-3 -(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone. As a chromophore, it exhibits near-ultraviolet absorption, one of the important characteristics in the process of choosing ligands to integrate photoluminescent lanthanide complexes. Photoluminescent materials are currently widely used in the market for making plates, paints, plates, tapes, pigments, and other luminescent equipment. The use of what are called DMCLs (Molecular Light Converting Devices) is increasing in Photovoltaic Cells, Optical Luminescent Tracers, Forensic Chemistry, Fluoroimmunoassays, and more. Knowing the great demand for these devices, it is feasible to study and characterize new compounds that have favorable emission characteristics and that allow their use in the aforementioned categories. For this, the use of lanthanides is a great proposal, and the application of a chromophore ligand, such as Lapachol, aims to provide an increase in the emission of the final product. In the present work, the extraction, a new purification process of Lapachol from its natural source, the Ipê Roxo wood, is reported, as well as the characterizations that attest to the feasibility of the new process, in addition to the use of the material as a binder in lanthanide complexes.
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Parlinawati, Mayda, Mukhamad Nurhadi, and Zulkarnaen. "Developing Digital Printing Sticky Media for Chemistry Learning of Senior High School Students on Inorganic Compound Nomenclature Subject." In 2nd Educational Sciences International Conference (ESIC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200417.001.

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Bescher, Eric, John Kim, and Michael McNerney. "On the Differences in Chemistry and Performance Between Types of Rapid Strength Concretes (RSCs)." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/83main8q.

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Rapid-setting cements are used in concrete under a variety of acronyms (HES for High Early Strength concrete, or RSC for Rapid Strength Concrete, etc.). Their use is becoming increasingly important because our ageing highway and airport concrete infrastructure requires fast construction in order to minimize downtime. A simple but broad nomenclature for RSC concretes hides several important differences between materials. In some respects, there is no such thing as single RSC; there are several different types of RSCs with different mineralogies and characteristics. Specifications, appropriately so, focus on performance instead of chemical composition. One key RSC specification is early-age strength, for example 2.76 MPa (400 psi) flexural strength at 4 hours in order to re-open pavement to service. Yet, differences in materials usually result in differences in durability. For example, if only early strength is specified, what is the impact of mineralogical differences on other characteristics like freeze-thaw resistance or shrinkage? Protocols are also important: if pavement enters service at 4 hours, shouldn't a shrinkage measurement also start at 4 hours? Standard shrinkage testing protocols do not. This paper reviews the chemistry and hydration of three commercially available RSC materials (accelerated portland cement, belitic calcium sulfoaluminate cement and calcium sulfoaluminate blended with portland cement and calcium sulfates).
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Sussman, Michael. "ISO TC 34/SC 16 Horizontal methods for molecular biomarker analysis—international standards for molecular biomarker analysis/isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/fnwh5573.

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Harmonized, easy to handle methods of analysis with defined patterns and known nomenclatures bring more customers to the market. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO.org) was formed in 1946. It is an independent, non-governmental voluntary consensus standard body based in Geneva, Switzerland with a membership of 165 national standards bodies. The US ISO member is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI.org), a consortium of US standardization organizations. There are 45 participating countries. The US delegation responsible for developing the US position for standards development in agricultural molecular biomarker analysis was delegated to the American Oil Chemist’s Society (AOCS.org) by ANSI. The AOCS US TAG also hosts the TC 34/SC 16 international secretariat. TC 34/SC 16 has published 31 standards with another 6 under development. The six under development are: ISO/AWI 5354 Molecular biomarkers of agricultural fibers. Screening of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton and textiles; ISO/DIS 16577 Molecular biomarker analysis. Vocabulary for molecular biomarker analytical methods in agriculture and food production; ISO/CD 16578 Molecular biomarker analysis. Requirements for microarray detection of specific nucleic acid sequences; ISO/DTS 20224-8 Molecular biomarker analysis. Detection of animal-derived materials in foodstuffs and feedstuffs by real-time PCR Part 8: Turkey DNA detection method; ISO/DTS 20224-9; Molecular biomarker analysis. Detection of animal-derived materials in foodstuffs and feedstuffs by real-time PCR. Part 9: Goose DNA detection method and ISO/FDIS 22942-1 Molecular biomarker analysis. Isothermal polymerase chain reaction (isoPCR) methods. Part 1: General requirements. We will discuss details and publication of these new standards.
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Sussman, Michael. "International Standards for Food Authenticity and Allergen Detection from ISO TC 34/SC 16 Horizontal Methods for Molecular Biomarker Analysis." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/mylm7606.

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ISO Technical Committee 34 “Food Products”/Subcommittee 16 “Horizontal methods for molecular biomarker analysis” works to ensure that standardized biomolecular testing and laboratory criteria are reproducible and technically sound reducing potentialdisputes between exporting and importing nations and increasing predictability in world trade. Harmonized, easy to handle methods of analysis with defined patterns and known nomenclatures bring more customers to the market. TC 34/SC 16 has increased international stakeholders’ participation in standardizing biomarker testing, improved the quality and relevance of these standards and continues to increase transparency in international markets, particularly for food authenticity, varietal identification and genetically engineered (GMO) products. ISO standards have been adopted by Codex Alimentarius and many governments throughout the world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO.org) was formed in 1946. It is an independent, nongovernmental voluntary consensus standard body based in Geneva, Switzerland with a membership of 165 national standards bodies. The US ISO member is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI.org) a consortium of US standardization organizations. ISO TC 34/SC 16 was created in 2008. There are 45 participating countries. Contributing organizations in liaison with TC 34/SC 16 include AOAC International, Cereals and Grains Association, the European Commission, the International Seed Testing Association, the US Pharmacopeia, the European Plant Protection Organization and the International Plant Protection Convention. The scope of TC 34/SC 16 is, "Standardization of biomolecular testing methods applied to foods, feeds, seeds and other propagules of food and feed crops." The US delegation responsible for developing the US position for standards development in food authenticity and allergen detection is called the US Technical Advisory Group (TAG). It was delegated to the American Oil Chemist’s Society (AOCS.org) by ANSI. AOCS also hosts the TC 34/SC 16 international secretariat.
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