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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemistry, Polymer. Engineering, Biomedical. Polymers

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Academic literature on the topic 'Chemistry, Polymer. Engineering, Biomedical. Polymers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemistry, Polymer. Engineering, Biomedical. Polymers"

1

LOO, JOACHIM SAY CHYE. "FROM PLASTICS TO ADVANCED POLYMER IMPLANTS: THE ESSENTIALS OF POLYMER CHEMISTRY." COSMOS 04, no. 01 (May 2008): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607708000263.

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Man has been using plastics for thousands of years, and some of the earlier uses of plastics include spoons, buttons and combs. Today, plastics are used for a myriad of applications, such as for aerospace, microelectronics and water purification. With polymer chemistry, man has been able to alter the properties of plastics or polymers to suit almost any application. Their properties can also be tailored for use as advanced biomedical implants in the human body. An example of such a polymer is the biocompatible lactide/glycolide polyesters. These biodegradable polymers are currently used as sutures, drug delivery systems, temporary implants and even as scaffolds for tissue engineering.

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Puluhulawa, Lisa Efriani, I. Made Joni, Ahmed Fouad Abdelwahab Mohammed, Hidetoshi Arima, and Nasrul Wathoni. "The Use of Megamolecular Polysaccharide Sacran in Food and Biomedical Applications." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 3362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113362.

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Natural polymer is a frequently used polymer in various food applications and pharmaceutical formulations due to its benefits and its biocompatibility compared to synthetic polymers. One of the natural polymer groups (i.e., polysaccharide) does not only function as an additive in pharmaceutical preparations, but also as an active ingredient with pharmacological effects. In addition, several natural polymers offer potential distinct applications in gene delivery and genetic engineering. However, some of these polymers have drawbacks, such as their lack of water retention and elasticity. Sacran, one of the high-molecular-weight natural polysaccharides (megamolecular polysaccharides) derived from Aphanothece sacrum (A. sacrum), has good water retention and elasticity. Historically, sacran has been used as a dietary food. Moreover, sacran can be applied in biomedical fields as an active material, excipient, and genetic engineering material. This article discusses the characteristics, extraction, isolation procedures, and the use of sacran in food and biomedical applications.

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Li, Xiumei, Wanjia Xu, Yue Xin, Jiawei Yuan, Yuancheng Ji, Shengnan Chu, Junqiu Liu, and Quan Luo. "Supramolecular Polymer Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040513.

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Polymer nanocomposites, a class of innovative materials formed by polymer matrixes and nanoscaled fillers (e.g., carbon-based nanomaterials, inorganic/semiconductor nanoparticles, metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles, polymeric nanostructures, etc.), display enhanced mechanical, optoelectrical, magnetic, catalytic, and bio-related characteristics, thereby finding a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. In particular, the concept of supramolecular chemistry has been introduced into polymer nanocomposites, which creates myriad “smart” biomedical materials with unique physicochemical properties and dynamic tunable structures in response to diverse external stimuli. This review aims to provide an overview of the chemical composition, morphological structures, biological functionalities, and reinforced performances of supramolecular polymer nanocomposites. Additionally, recent advances in biomedical applications such as therapeutic delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering are also discussed, especially their excellent properties leveraged in the development of multifunctional intelligent biomedical materials.

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Filimon, Anca, Adina Maria Dobos, Ecaterina Avram, and Silvia Ioan. "Ionic polymers based on quaternized polysulfones: hydrodynamic properties of polymer mixtures in solution." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0603.

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Abstract Hydrodynamic properties developed in a series of mixtures, obtained from quaternized polysulfone and cellulose acetate phthalate or polyvinyl alcohol in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, were evaluated by viscometric investigations. Theoretical and experimental aspects concerning the viscometric data for binary polymer/solvent and ternary polymer/polymer/solvent mixtures have been discussed by the new Wolf model, as a function of the charge density of polyion, structural peculiarity of polymers, and polymer mixture composition. Intrinsic viscosity and also the hydrodynamic parameters obtained by the Wolf method offer new information on the competition between different types of interactions manifested in ternary polymer/polymer/solvent systems. The complex dependence of viscosity on polymer composition is influenced by conformational changes of constituent polymers from the mixture, as well as by cumulative effects of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding or association phenomena. Additionally, the above-mentioned interactions indicate the compatibility of these polymers over a large composition domain. This study investigates the hydrodynamic functions from the perspective of some newly-issued theories and analyzes the choice of optimal polymer mixtures compositions for specific applications in biomedical domains.

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LU, YUAN, HALIL LEVENT TEKINALP, CLAUDE CLIFFORD EBERLE, WILLIAM PETER, AMIT KUMAR NASKAR, and SOYDAN OZCAN. "Nanocellulose in polymer composites and biomedical applications." June 2014 13, no. 6 (July 1, 2014): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.6.47.

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Nanocellulose materials are nano-sized cellulose fibrils or crystals produced by bacteria or derived from plants. These materials exhibit exceptional strength characteristics, light weight, transparency, and excellent biocompatibility. Compared with some other nanomaterials, nanocellulose is renewable and less expensive to produce, and a wide range of applications for nanocellulose has been envisioned. The areas most extensively studied include polymer composites and biomedical applications. Cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals have been used to reinforce both thermoplastic and thermoset polymers. Given the hydrophilic nature of these materials, the interfacial properties with most polymers are often poor; thus, various surface modification procedures have been adopted to improve the interaction between polymer matrix and cellulose nanofibrils or nanocrystals. The applications of nanocellulose as a biomaterial also have been explored, including wound dressing, tissue repair, and medical implants. Nanocellulose materials for wound healing and periodontal tissue recovery have become commercially available, demonstrating the great potential of nanocellulose as a new generation of biomaterials.

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Ryu, Ji Hyun, Gyeong Jin Lee, Yu-Ru V. Shih, Tae-il Kim, and Shyni Varghese. "Phenylboronic Acid-polymers for Biomedical Applications." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 37 (December 17, 2019): 6797–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666181008144436.

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Background: Phenylboronic acid-polymers (PBA-polymers) have attracted tremendous attention as potential stimuli-responsive materials with applications in drug-delivery depots, scaffolds for tissue engineering, HIV barriers, and biomolecule-detecting/sensing platforms. The unique aspect of PBA-polymers is their interactions with diols, which result in reversible, covalent bond formation. This very nature of reversible bonding between boronic acids and diols has been fundamental to their applications in the biomedical area. Methods: We have searched peer-reviewed articles including reviews from Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar with a focus on the 1) chemistry of PBA, 2) synthesis of PBA-polymers, and 3) their biomedical applications. Results: We have summarized approximately 179 papers in this review. Most of the applications described in this review are focused on the unique ability of PBA molecules to interact with diol molecules and the dynamic nature of the resulting boronate esters. The strong sensitivity of boronate ester groups towards the surrounding pH also makes these molecules stimuli-responsive. In addition, we also discuss how the re-arrangement of the dynamic boronate ester bonds renders PBA-based materials with other unique features such as self-healing and shear thinning. Conclusion: The presence of PBA in the polymer chain can render it with diverse functions/ relativities without changing their intrinsic properties. In this review, we discuss the development of PBA polymers with diverse functions and their biomedical applications with a specific focus on the dynamic nature of boronate ester groups.

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Ikada, Y. "7th Taniguchi Conference on Polymer Chemistry Tissue Engineering with the Use of Biomedical Polymers: Introduction." Tissue Engineering 2, no. 4 (December 1996): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.1996.2.239.

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Yu, Zhuonan, and Kuo-Kang Liu. "Soft Polymer-Based Technique for Cellular Force Sensing." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162672.

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Soft polymers have emerged as a vital type of material adopted in biomedical engineering to perform various biomechanical characterisations such as sensing cellular forces. Distinct advantages of these materials used in cellular force sensing include maintaining normal functions of cells, resembling in vivo mechanical characteristics, and adapting to the customised functionality demanded in individual applications. A wide range of techniques has been developed with various designs and fabrication processes for the desired soft polymeric structures, as well as measurement methodologies in sensing cellular forces. This review highlights the merits and demerits of these soft polymer-based techniques for measuring cellular contraction force with emphasis on their quantitativeness and cell-friendliness. Moreover, how the viscoelastic properties of soft polymers influence the force measurement is addressed. More importantly, the future trends and advancements of soft polymer-based techniques, such as new designs and fabrication processes for cellular force sensing, are also addressed in this review.

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Pereira, Sara B., Aureliana Sousa, Marina Santos, Marco Araújo, Filipa Serôdio, Pedro Granja, and Paula Tamagnini. "Strategies to Obtain Designer Polymers Based on Cyanobacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 22 (November 14, 2019): 5693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225693.

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Biopolymers derived from polysaccharides are a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to the synthetic counterparts available in the market. Due to their distinctive properties, the cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), mainly composed of heteropolysaccharides, emerge as a valid alternative to address several biotechnological and biomedical challenges. Nevertheless, biotechnological/biomedical applications based on cyanobacterial EPS have only recently started to emerge. For the successful exploitation of cyanobacterial EPS, it is important to strategically design the polymers, either by genetic engineering of the producing strains or by chemical modification of the polymers. This requires a better understanding of the EPS biosynthetic pathways and their relationship with central metabolism, as well as to exploit the available polymer functionalization chemistries. Considering all this, we provide an overview of the characteristics and biological activities of cyanobacterial EPS, discuss the challenges and opportunities to improve the amount and/or characteristics of the polymers, and report the most relevant advances on the use of cyanobacterial EPS as scaffolds, coatings, and vehicles for drug delivery.

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Sharma, Shubham, P. Sudhakara, Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran, Jujhar Singh, and R. A. Ilyas. "Recent Trends and Developments in Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Applications." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 2898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172898.

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Electrically-conducting polymers (CPs) were first developed as a revolutionary class of organic compounds that possess optical and electrical properties comparable to that of metals as well as inorganic semiconductors and display the commendable properties correlated with traditional polymers, like the ease of manufacture along with resilience in processing. Polymer nanocomposites are designed and manufactured to ensure excellent promising properties for anti-static (electrically conducting), anti-corrosion, actuators, sensors, shape memory alloys, biomedical, flexible electronics, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs, and adhesive applications with desired-appealing and cost-effective, functional surface coatings. The distinctive properties of nanocomposite materials involve significantly improved mechanical characteristics, barrier-properties, weight-reduction, and increased, long-lasting performance in terms of heat, wear, and scratch-resistant. Constraint in availability of power due to continuous depletion in the reservoirs of fossil fuels has affected the performance and functioning of electronic and energy storage appliances. For such reasons, efforts to modify the performance of such appliances are under way through blending design engineering with organic electronics. Unlike conventional inorganic semiconductors, organic electronic materials are developed from conducting polymers (CPs), dyes and charge transfer complexes. However, the conductive polymers are perhaps more bio-compatible rather than conventional metals or semi-conductive materials. Such characteristics make it more fascinating for bio-engineering investigators to conduct research on polymers possessing antistatic properties for various applications. An extensive overview of different techniques of synthesis and the applications of polymer bio-nanocomposites in various fields of sensors, actuators, shape memory polymers, flexible electronics, optical limiting, electrical properties (batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs), corrosion-protection and biomedical application are well-summarized from the findings all across the world in more than 150 references, exclusively from the past four years. This paper also presents recent advancements in composites of rare-earth oxides based on conducting polymer composites. Across a variety of biological and medical applications, the fact that numerous tissues were receptive to electric fields and stimuli made CPs more enticing.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemistry, Polymer. Engineering, Biomedical. Polymers"

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Edwards, Edwin E. "A proposal for the development of a unifying method of designing a wide range of time-temperature indicators using frozen-in birefringence in non-mesogenic polymers." View abstract/electronic edition; access limited to Brown University users, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3318312.

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Gao, Yaohua. "Electrospinning of Resorbable Amino-Acid Based Poly(ester urea)s for Regenerative Medicine." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1460374617.

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Dreger, Nathan Z. "Amino Acid-Based Poly(ester urea)s for Soft-tissue Repair Applications." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1550486179514532.

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Eccleston, Mark Edward. "Functional polymers for biomedical application : synthesis and applications." Thesis, Aston University, 1995. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9591/.

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Aromatic and aliphatic diacid chlorides were used to condense naturally occurring diamino acids and their esterified derivatives. It was anticipated the resulting functional polyamides would biodegrade to physiologically acceptable compounds and show pH dependant solubility could be used for biomedical applications ranging from enteric coatings to hydrosoluble drug delivery vehicles capable of targeting areas of low physiological pH. With these applications in mind the polymers were characterised by infra red spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and in the case of aqueous soluble polymers by potentiometric titration. Thin films of poly (lysine ethyl ester isophthalamide) plasticised with poly (caprolactone) were cast from DMSO/chloroform solutions and their mechanical properties measured on a Hounsfield Hti tensiometer. Interfacial synthesis was investigated as a synthetic route for the production of linear functional polyamides. High molecular weight polymer was obtained only when esterified diamino acids were condensed with aromatic diacid chlorides. The method was unsuitable for the production of copolymers of free and esterified amino acids with a diacid chloride. A novel miscible mixed solvent single phase reaction was investigated for production of copolymers of esterified and non-esterified amino acids with diacid chlorides. Aliphatic diacid chlorides were unsuitable for condensing diamino acids using this technique because of high rates of hydrolysis. The technique gave high molecular weight homopolymers from esterified diamino acids and aromatic diacid chlorides.

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Yuan, Xuegang. "Cartilage Repair by Tissue Engineering: Multi-Functional Polymers as Scaffold Materials." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1366820218.

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Qi, Ronghui. "Structure-property Relationship Study of Branched L-valine based Poly(ester urea)s." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1460402230.

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Seshadri, Dhruv Ramakrishna. "Immuno-nanotherapeutics to Inhibit Macrophage Polarization for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancers." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case151084330337552.

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Nikam, Shantanu P. "RATIONAL DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTI-FOULING AND ANTI-ADHESIVE BIOMATERIAL APPLICATIONS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1620215379000849.

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Dilla, Rodger Alan. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-based Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1555344606484453.

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Dziong, Dariusz. "Nondestructive on-line measurement system for in-vitro cell proliferation in microporous polymer scaffolds." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98955.

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Tissue engineering requires diagnostic tools for in-vitro monitoring of cell proliferation in three-dimensional scaffolds. Current methods are inaccurate, prohibitively expensive, or compromise sample integrity. This work presents a nondestructive system for the on-line measurement of cell concentration in micro-porous polymer scaffolds. The system is based on measuring the reflection coefficient of the sample with an open-ended coaxial probe over a frequency range of 10-200 MHz. An aperture admittance model is used to extract the complex permittivity from the reflection measurement. Then, effective medium approximation is used to relate the complex permittivity to the cell properties and concentration of the sample.
The system detected the relative cell concentration differences between micro-porous polymer scaffolds seeded with progressively greater number of pre-osteoblast cells. Proliferation of pre-ostoblasts over 14 days was measured within 56 scaffolds by the system and a concurrent DNA assay. The recorded cell proliferation data corresponded well to each other and those found in literature. Thus, the system can be applied for on-line monitoring of cell proliferation within micro-porous polymer scaffolds.

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Books on the topic "Chemistry, Polymer. Engineering, Biomedical. Polymers"

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Gordon, M. Polymer Membranes. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985.

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Osada, Yoshihito. Polymer Sensors and Actuators. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000.

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G, Gebelein Charles, Dunn Richard L, and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Progress in biomedical polymers. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.

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S, Kaith B., Kaur Inderjeet, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites: Green Chemistry and Technology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Gualandi, Chiara. Porous Polymeric Bioresorbable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Planck, Heinrich. Degradation Phenomena on Polymeric Biomaterials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992.

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Engineered carbohydrate-based materials for biomedical applications: Polymers, surfaces, dendrimers, nanoparticles, and hydrogels. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2011.

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Bhatia, Sujata K. (Sujata Kumari) and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Medical Devices and Biomaterials for the Developing World: Case Studies in Ghana and Nicaragua. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012.

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Peter, Griffiths, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. UK Colloids 2011: An International Colloid and Surface Science Symposium. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Ren, Jie. Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Modification, Processing and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemistry, Polymer. Engineering, Biomedical. Polymers"

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Camm, Kenneth D., and Deryn E. Fogg. "From Drug Cocktails to Tissue Engineering: Synthesis of ROMP Polymers for Biomedical Applications." In Metathesis Chemistry, 285–303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6091-5_17.

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Ram, Arie. "The Chemistry of Polymers." In Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering, 5–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1822-2_2.

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Azhar, A. F., A. D. Burke, J. E. DuBois, and A. M. Usmani. "Polymer and Stability Considerations in Dry Reagent Diagnostic Chemistry." In Progress in Biomedical Polymers, 149–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0768-4_16.

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Ghosh, Rinky, Veereshgouda Shekharagouda Naragund, and Neha Kanwar Rawat. "Electrospinning of Bio-Based Polymeric Nanofibers for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications." In Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, 1–21. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003057895-1.

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Alegret, Nuria, Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro, and David Mecerreyes. "Chapter 10. Conductive Polymers Building 3D Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering." In Polymer Chemistry Series, 383–414. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788019743-00383.

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Mathieu, Hans Jörg, Yann Chevolot, Laurence Ruiz-Taylor, and Didier Léonard. "Engineering and Characterization of Polymer Surfaces for Biomedical Applications." In Radiation Effects on Polymers for Biological Use, 1–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45668-6_1.

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"Unsaturated Bond-Containing Heterochain Polymers for Biomedical Use." In Physical Chemistry for Engineering and Applied Sciences, 141–70. Toronto ; Toronto ; New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, [2018] | Series:: Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315109725-17.

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Georgiev, Anton, Dean Dimov, Erinche Spassova, Jacob Assa, Peter Dineff, and Gencho Danev. "Chemical and Physical Properties of Polyimides: Biomedical and Engineering Applications." In High Performance Polymers - Polyimides Based - From Chemistry to Applications. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53918.

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Chen, Guoping. "Scaffolds, Porous Polymer: Tissue Engineering." In Encyclopedia of Biomedical Polymers and Polymeric Biomaterials, 7085–92. Taylor & Francis, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-ebpp-120050755.

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Marks II, Robert J. "Introduction." In Handbook of Fourier Analysis & Its Applications. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195335927.003.0006.

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Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier’s powerful idea of decomposition of a signal into sinusoidal components has found application in almost every engineering and science field. An incomplete list includes acoustics [1497], array imaging [1304], audio [1290], biology [826], biomedical engineering [1109], chemistry [438, 925], chromatography [1481], communications engineering [968], control theory [764], crystallography [316, 498, 499, 716], electromagnetics [250], imaging [151], image processing [1239] including segmentation [1448], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [436, 1009], optics [492, 514, 517, 1344], polymer characterization [647], physics [262], radar [154, 1510], remote sensing [84], signal processing [41, 154], structural analysis [384], spectroscopy [84, 267, 724, 1220, 1293, 1481, 1496], time series [124], velocity measurement [1448], tomography [93, 1241, 1242, 1327, 1330, 1325, 1331], weather analysis [456], and X-ray diffraction [1378], Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier’s last name has become an adjective in the terms like Fourier series [395], Fourier transform [41, 51, 149, 154, 160, 437, 447, 926, 968, 1009, 1496], Fourier analysis [151, 379, 606, 796, 1472, 1591], Fourier theory [1485], the Fourier integral [395, 187, 1399], Fourier inversion [1325], Fourier descriptors [826], Fourier coefficients [134], Fourier spectra [624, 625] Fourier reconstruction [1330], Fourier spectrometry [84, 355], Fourier spectroscopy [1220, 1293, 1438], Fourier array imaging [1304], Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [429, 1004], Fourier vision [1448], Fourier optics [419, 517, 1343], and Fourier acoustics [1496]. Applied Fourier analysis is ubiquitous simply because of the utility of its descriptive power. It is second only to the differential equation in the modelling of physical phenomena. In contrast with other linear transforms, the Fourier transform has a number of physical manifestations. Here is a short list of everyday occurrences as seen through the lens of the Fourier paradigm. • Diffracting coherent waves in sonar and optics in the far field are given by the two dimensional Fourier transform of the diffracting aperture. Remarkably, in free space, the physics of spreading light naturally forms a two dimensional Fourier transform. • The sampling theorem, born of Fourier analysis, tells us how fast to sample an audio waveform to make a discrete time CD or an image to make a DVD.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemistry, Polymer. Engineering, Biomedical. Polymers"

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Ramos, Maximiano V., Armstrong Frederick, and Ahmed M. Al-Jumaily. "Nano-Filled Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67759.

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Polymer nanocomposites offer various functional advantages required for several biomedical applications. For example, polymer nanocomposites are biocompatible, biodegradable, and can be engineered to have mechanical properties suitable for specific applications. The key to the use of polymer nanocomposites for different applications is the correct choice of matrix polymer chemistry, filler type, and matrix-filler interaction. This paper discusses the results of a study in the processing and characterization of nono-filled polymer composites and focuses on the improvement of its properties for potential biomedical applications. The experimental procedure for the preparation of nano-filled polymer composite by ultrasonic mixing is described. Different types of nanofillers and polymer matrix are studied. Effects of processing parameters such as percent loading of fillers, mixing time on the mechanical properties of the composites are discussed. Preliminary results indicate improvement in shear and flexural properties, tensile and compressive properties, were observed in the prepared composites for some processing conditions.

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Zhao, Jiheng, Debra A. Sheadel, and Wei Xue. "Surface Treatment of Polymers for the Fabrication of All-Polymer Microfluidic Devices." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86136.

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Polymer microfluidics has received considerable attention due to their low cost, remarkable biocompatibility, and high flexibility when compared to glass and silicon devices. However, the fabrication process of all-polymer devices can be complicated. In particular, different types of polymers possess different properties in terms of surface chemistry and hydrophilicity, making device assembly a challenging task. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of an all-polymer device through the investigation of the essential surface treatment methods. A hybrid SU-8-SU-8-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sandwiched structure is used in this research. Both untreated SU-8 and PDMS are hydrophobic and they have different surface chemistry properties, so surface modifications are necessary. Three critical surface treatment steps are used in our process. The first step is to treat the first SU-8 layer with low-power (10 W) oxygen plasma, making its surface hydrophilic. This step enables the uniform coating of the second SU-8 layer. The next surface treatment is on the second SU-8 layer. Both oxygen plasma (40 W) etching and diluted 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES, a silane solution) coating are needed. APTES introduces amine (Si-NH2) groups on the surface. The last treatment step is to introduce silanol (Si-OH) groups on PDMS using oxygen plasma. These surface treatment steps are critical in the fabrication process and can determine the quality of the final device.

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Wang, Jingyu, Shoieb Chowdhury, Yingtao Liu, Bradley Bohnstedt, and Chung-Hao Lee. "Development of Thermally-Activated Shape Memory Polymers and Nanocomposites for Biomedical Devices." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72500.

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Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been developed as an emerging technology platform for biomedical applications in the past decades. In particular, SMPs are clinically essential for the development of novel medical devices to significantly improve long-term surgical outcomes. In this paper, we synthesized and characterized thermally-activated aliphatic urethane SMPs fabricated with nanocomposites for the design and development of biomedical devices. The thermal activation of shape memory function was investigated by direct thermal activation. Critical polymer properties, such as the glass transition temperature and shape memory function, have been tailored to desired applications, by adjusting the polymer composition. Carbon nanotubes were uniformly dispersed within the polymer during nanocomposite fabrication to significantly enhance the thermal and electrical properties. The synthesized SMPs and nanocomposites were characterized to understand their thermal and mechanical properties using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Scanning electron microscopy was employed to evaluate the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix. The mechanical properties of SMPs and nanocomposites at temperature above their glass transition temperature were evaluated using dog-bone samples in a dual-column mechanical testing system and an environmental chamber. SMPs and nanocomposites will then be fabricated in the form of foam for the development of novel devices applicable to endovascular embolization of cerebral aneurysms.

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Vitale, U., A. Rechichi, M. D’Alonzo, C. Cristallini, N. Barbani, G. Ciardelli, and P. Giusti. "Selective Peptide Recognition With Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Designing New Biomedical Devices." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95587.

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Molecular imprinting is a technique for the synthesis of polymers capable to bind selectively specific molecules. The imprinting of large proteins, like cell adhesion proteins or cell receptors, can lead to important and innovative biomedical applications. However such molecules show such important conformational changes in the polymerisation environment that the recognition sites are poorly specific. The “epitope approach” can overcome this limit by adopting, as template, a stable short peptide sequence representative of an accessible fragment of a larger protein. The resulting imprinted polymer can recognize both the template and the whole molecule thanks to the specific cavities for the epitope. In this work two molecularly imprinted polymer formulations (macroporous monolith and nanospheres) were obtained with the protected peptides Z-Thr-Ala-Ala-OMe, as template, and Z-Thr-Ile-Leu-OMe, as analogue for the selectivity evaluation, the methacrylic acid, as functional monomer, the trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate, as cross-linkers. Polymers were synthesized by precipitation polymerisation in acetonitrile at 60 °C, thermally initiated with azobisisobutyronitrile. All polymers were characterized by the standard techniques SEM, FT-IR, and TGA. The supernatants from the polymerisation and the rebinding solutions were analysed by HPLC. The higher cross-linked polymers retained about the 70% of the template, against about the 20% for the lower ones. The extracted template amount and the rebinding capacity decreased with the cross-linking degree, while the selectivity showed the opposite behaviour. The pentaerythritol triacrylate cross-linked polymers showed the best recognition (MIP 2−, α = 1.71) and selectivity (MIP 2+, α′ = 5.58) capabilities.

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Wang, Hai, and Wei Li. "A Parametric Study on Selective Ultrasonic Foaming of Porous Polymer for Biomedical Applications." In ASME 2007 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2007-31184.

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A selective ultrasonic foaming (SUF) process was developed to fabricate porous polymer for biomedical applications. The method employs a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducer to selectively heat and implode gas-impregnated polymers. This acoustic method is solvent-free and capable of creating interconnected pores that have various topographical features at different length scales. In this paper, we investigate the effects of major process parameters of the SUF process, including the ultrasound power, scanning speed, and the specimen gas concentration. The pore size and interconnectivity of the porous structure were analyzed. The microstructures were characterized using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a dye penetration test. It was found that the scanning speed of the ultrasound had a significant effect on the pore size control, and that low gas concentration was a necessary condition for interconnected porous structures.

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Baniya, A., S. Thapa, E. Borquist, D. Bailey, D. Wood, J. Glawe, C. Kevil, and L. Weiss. "Hydrogen Sulfide Sensing Using Lab-on-a-Chip Device for Biomedical and Environmental Use." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50984.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection is an important capability for applications that range from environmental to biomedical use. In medical application, hydrogen sulfide may be an effective marker for various cardiovascular diseases. This work reports progress on H2S detection using a unique lab-on-a-chip device designed specifically for both environmental and biomedical applications. The chip consisted of three distinct layers of PEO/PDMS structures which have been bonded using various techniques including Reactive Ion Etching (RIE). First layer consisted of capillary channels to organize the flow of the sample. Also, liberation of the sulfide took place at this layer. The second layer was a H2S selective membrane. The third layer consisted of trapping chamber where trapped H2S samples were withdrawn for the quantification of H2S concentration. Fabrication of the first layer was accomplished using photolithography technique. Specifically, the chip incorporated unique design features and operation with advanced liberating chemistry that effectively released H2S from aqueous solutions introduced to the device. Mixture of poly-dimethylsiloxane-ethylene oxide polymeric (PDMS-b-PEO) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was cast on Su8 mold which produced super hydrophilic channels that allowed liquid flow via capillary action. The chip has been both fabricated and characterized as reported in this work. For each sample, 150 μL of the reaction volume was loaded in an HPLC vial and analyzed by a Shimadzu Prominence HPLC equipped with fluorescence detection and an eclipse XDB-C18 column. Sulfide transfer increased steadily at a rate of approximately 2% per minute until peaking at approximately 60% at 30 minutes. Percent transfer data show that sulfide diffused into the trapping chamber in a reproducible manner and that it was stable once it reached its peak at 30 minutes. Characterization and testing of the fully assembled device indicates significant promise and utility. Additional improvements may be made by optimizing parameters such as the decreasing ratio of the chamber volumes to the membrane area and the membrane thickness. The performance of this microfludic device was attributed to hydrophilic surface of PEO/PDMS, strong bonding of the chip using 3M transfer tape and well suited PDMS membrane that allow selective diffusion of hydrogen sulfide.

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Qiao, R., and P. He. "Fluid Flow in Nanometer Scale Channels: Effects of Polymer Coating." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14169.

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Electroosmotic flow is one of the most important fluid transport mechanism in nanofluidic systems due to its ease-of-control and excellent scaling behavior. In this paper, we report on the atomistic simulation of electroosmotic flow regulation by coating the channel surface with a thin layer of polymers. While such coating is applied routinely in practice, the fundamental mechanism of the flow control is not well-understood. We show that the flow depends both on the polymer type and coating density. A detailed analysis of these results indicates that the flow regulation has both a hydrodynamic origin and a physio-chemical origin. The results highlight the need to integrate physical chemistry into the fluid mechanics for a fundamental understanding of the fluid transport at nanoscale.

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Akin, Semih, Martin Byung-Guk Jun, Jung-Ting Tsai, MinSoo Park, and Young Hun Jeong. "Fabrication of Electrically Conductive Patterns on ABS Polymer Using Low-Pressure Cold Spray and Electroless Plating." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8437.

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Abstract Previous studies have shown that metallic coatings can be successfully cold sprayed onto several polymer substrates. The electrical performance of the cold-sprayed polymers, however, is not generally sufficient enough to utilize them as an electronic device. In this paper, an environment-friendly metallization technique has been proposed to fabricate conductive metal patterns onto polymer substrates combining cold spray deposition and electroless plating to address that challenge. Copper feedstock powder was cold sprayed onto the surface of the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) parts. The as-cold sprayed powders then served as the activating agent for selective electroless copper plating (ECP) to modify the surface of the polymers to be electrically conductive. A series of characterizations are conducted to investigate the morphology, analyze the surface chemistry, and evaluate the electrical performance and adhesion performance of the fabricated coatings. After 6 hours of ECP, the sheet resistance and resistivity of copper patterns on the ABS parts were measured as 2.854 mΩ/sq and 6.699 × 10−7 Ωm respectively. Moreover, simple electrical circuits were demonstrated for the metallized ABS parts through the described method. The results show that low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) and ECP processes could be combined to fabricate electrically conductive patterns on ABS polymer surfaces in an environmental-friendly way.

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Knight, Bryce M., Marco P. Schoen, and Alba Perez-Gracia. "Distributed Actuation and Shape Control of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15826.

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Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC) present great potential as future actuators and sensors in a variety of fields including aerospace and biomedical engineering. The benefits of using IPMCs are based on the material's large bending deformation capabilities, low power consumption, light weight and compact size. However, before this novel material can be exploited, a better understanding of its electromechanical properties and a higher level of controllability must be obtained. This paper presents the results of experimental research with these goals in mind. The actuation of these electro active polymers is achieved by using geometrically defined actuation points on the polymer's surface. The input voltage is spatially controlled to achieve faster response times as well as increased control of the shape of the polymer's surface. The experimental work is carried out under a constant humidity and uses vision based sensing to detect the various shapes generated by these electro active polymers. The experimental outcomes are compared against a dynamical model. The results demonstrate the ability for increased control of the shape generated by the surface. A good match of the dynamical model to predict the displacement of the polymer at instances in time is found. In addition, the proposed approach improves the response time of an IPMC through the application of distributed voltage sources over the surface of the material.

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Sodhi, Jaskirat S., and I. Joga Rao. "Light Activated Shape Memory Polymers: Some Inhomogeneous Deformation Examples." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63731.

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Shape memory polymers (SMP’s) belong to a large family of shape memory materials, which are defined by their capacity to store a deformed (temporary) shape and recover an original (parent) shape. SMP’s have the ability to change size and shape when activated through a suitable trigger. This trigger, which can be heating the polymer or exposing it to light of a specific frequency, is responsible for the new temporary shape. Return to the original shape can be achieved by a suitable reverse trigger. Light Activated Shape Memory Polymers (LASMP) are recently developed smart materials which are synthesized with special photosensitive molecules. These molecules when exposed to Ultraviolet (UV) light at specific wavelengths, form covalent crosslinks that are responsible for providing LASMP with their temporary shape. Light activation removes temperature constraints faced by thermoresponsive SMP for medical applications and also brings the added advantage of remote activation. Thus LASMP find use in a variety of applications ranging from MEMS devices to widespread usage for biomedical devices such as intravenous needles and stents. Furthermore, the aerospace industry has found use for these materials for applications ranging from easily deployable space structures to morphing wing aircraft. The authors have introduced a constitutive model to model the mechanics of these LASMP [1]. The modeling is done using a framework based on the theory of multiple natural configurations. A few homogenous and inhomogeneous examples were solved in [1], but with tacit understanding that the intensity of light and hence the extent of reaction is homogenous throughout the polymer sample. In this paper we use the developed model to solve the cases of inhomogeneous deformation with inhomogeneous exposure to light.

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