Academic literature on the topic 'Chemisty (Theses)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Chemisty (Theses)"
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YILDIRIM, Tamer. "Trends in PhD Theses in Turkish Chemistry Education (1999-2019)." Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 20, no. 89 (October 26, 2020): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2020.89.10.
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Sydnes, Leiv K. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20088001iv.
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For IUPAC, the global, scientific organization that cares about chemistry and the chemical sciences in all senses of the word, it is a duty, but also a pleasure to follow the development in chemical research with the aim of spotting pioneering work and new trends as early as possible. It is particularly rewarding to see how many young chemists contribute to shaping our science. For chemistry, it is therefore important to encourage our young colleagues in their work, and IUPAC does so through the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists. This prestigious annual prize honors four to five chemists with a fresh Ph.D. for important and outstanding research carried out exceptionally well during their Ph.D. studies. The work is mainly judged on the basis of a 1000-word essay which is supported by recommendations from the senior scientist(s) with whom the candidate collaborated.As immediate Past President of IUPAC, I have had the pleasure of chairing an international prize selection committee of eminent chemists with a wide range of expertise in chemistry that adjudicated essays from 57 applicants from 24 countries. Due to the large number of excellent candidates, it was not an easy task to pick the winners, but at the end the committee arrived at a unanimous decision and awarded the 2007 IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists to the following five young chemists from five countries:Deanna D'Alessandro, University of Sydney, Australia, with a thesis entitled "Stereochemical effects on intervalence charge transfer"Euan R. Kay, University of Edinburgh, UK, with a thesis entitled "Mechanized molecules"Anna Aleksandra Michrowska, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, with a thesis entitled "Search for new Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts and their application in metathesis of alkenes"Taleb Mokari, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, with a thesis entitled "Developing a new composite of nanocrystals with semiconductor-insulator and semiconductor-metal interfaces"Feng Tao, Princeton University, NJ, USA, with a thesis entitled "Nanoscale surface chemistry of organic layers on solid surfaces formed through weak noncovalent interactions and strong chemical bonds"Each winner received a cash prize of USD 1000 and a free trip to the 41st IUPAC World Chemistry Congress, which was held in Turin, Italy, 5-11 August last year. The winners presented their work, which is an important stage of any research project, but to reach an even wider audience the prizewinners have been invited to submit manuscripts on aspects of their research for publication in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC). Four of the five winners have realized the value of this offer, and it is a pleasure to see their refereed papers, containing critical reviews of high quality, appear in this issue of PAC.Finally, it is an honor and a satisfaction to congratulate each of the winners (and their supervisors) with the 2007 IUPAC Prize. It is IUPAC's hope that each of them has been encouraged to continue to do exciting research that will contribute to a bright future for the molecular-based sciences, which are so important for our common future.Leiv K. SydnesIUPAC Immediate Past President and Chairman of the IUPAC Prize Selection Committee
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Henry, Bryan R. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20098101iv.
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IUPAC is a global, scientific organization that contributes to the worldwide understanding of chemistry and the chemical sciences. It is certainly true that young chemists are shaping our science, and it is important for IUPAC to provide encouragement to our young colleagues. IUPAC accomplishes this goal through the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists. This prestigious annual prize honors four to five chemists for important and outstanding research carried out during recent Ph.D. studies. The work is mainly judged on the basis of a 1000-word essay which is supported by recommendations from the senior scientist(s) with whom the candidate collaborated.As immediate Past President of IUPAC, I have had the pleasure of chairing an international prize selection committee of eminent chemists with a wide range of expertise in chemistry that adjudicated essays from 42 applicants from 16 countries. Reading these outstanding essays provided a wonderful overview of new trends in chemistry. Due to the large number of excellent candidates, it was not an easy task to pick the winners, but in the end the committee arrived at a unanimous decision and awarded the 2008 IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists to the following five chemists:- Emilie V. Banide, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, with a thesis entitled "From allenes to tetracenes: Syntheses, structures and reactivity of the intermediates"- Christopher Thomas Rodgers, University of Oxford, UK, with a thesis entitled "Magnetic field effects in chemical systems"- Akinori Saeki, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, with a thesis entitled "Nanometer-scale dynamics of charges generated by radiations in condensed matter"- Andrea Rae Tao, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, with a thesis entitled "Nanocrystal assembly for bottom-up plasmonic materials"- Scott Warren, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, with a thesis entitled "Nanoparticle-block copolymer self-assembly"Each winner received a cash prize of USD 1000 and a trip to the 42nd IUPAC World Chemistry Congress, which will take place in Glascow, Scotland, 2-7 August, 2009. Here the winners will have the opportunity to present their work, which is an important stage of any research project. To reach an even wider audience, the prize winners were invited to submit manuscripts on aspects of their research for publication in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC). It is a pleasure to see that all five prize winners have taken advantage of this offer. The result is the five refereed papers which contain critical reviews of high quality and appear in this issue of PAC.Finally, it is an honor and a pleasure to congratulate each of the winners (and their supervisors) for winning the 2008 IUPAC Prize. It is IUPAC's hope that each of them has been encouraged to continue to do exciting research that will contribute to a bright future for the molecular-based sciences, which are so important for our common future.Bryan R. HenryIUPAC Immediate Past President and Chairman of the IUPAC Prize Selection Committee
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Sydnes, Leiv K. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20077901iv.
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For IUPAC, the global, scientific organization that cares about chemistry and the chemical sciences in all senses of the word, it is a duty, but also a pleasure to follow the development in chemical research closely with the aim of spotting pioneering work and new trends as early as possible. In doing so, it became abundantly clear that the young chemists were about to become more important for the future of our science than they were just a decade or so ago. For chemistry, it is therefore important to encourage our young colleagues in their work, and IUPAC does so through the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists. This prestigious annual prize honors 4-5 chemists with a fresh Ph.D. for exceptional work during their Ph.D. studies. The work is mainly judged on the basis of a 1000-word essay which is supported by recommendations from the senior scientist(s) with whom the candidate collaborated.As immediate Past President of IUPAC, I had the pleasure of chairing an international prize selection committee of eminent chemists with a wide range of expertise in chemistry that adjudicated essays from 49 applicants from 19 countries. To pick the winners was not an easy task, because there were many outstanding candidates, but at the end the committee arrived at a unanimous decision and awarded the 2006 IUPAC Prize to the following young chemists:Michelle Nena Chrétien, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, with a thesis entitled "Photochemical, photophysical, and photobiological studies of zeolite guest–host complexes"Valentina Domenici, University of Pisa, Italy, with a thesis entitled "Structure, orientational order and dynamics of rod-like and banana-shaped liquid crystals by means of 2H NMR: New developments"Matt Law, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, with a thesis entitled "Oxide nanowires for sensing, photonics and photovoltaics"Emilio M. Pérez, University of Edinburgh, UK, with a thesis entitled "Hydrogen-bonded synthetic molecular machines"Dunwei Wang, Stanford University, CA, USA, with a thesis entitled "Synthesis and properties of germanium nanowires"Each of the winners will receive both a cash prize of USD 1000 and a free trip to the 41st IUPAC World Chemistry Congress, which will take place in Turin, Italy, 5-11 August 2007. Here the winners will have the opportunity to present their work, which is an important stage of any research project. But to reach an even wider audience, the prizewinners have been invited to submit manuscripts on aspects of their research for publication in Pure and Applied Chemistry. It is therefore a pleasure to see that four refereed papers, containing critical reviews of high quality, appear in this issue of PAC.It is a great pleasure to congratulate each of the winners (and their supervisors) with the 2006 IUPAC Prize. It is IUPAC's hope that each winner is encouraged to continue to do exciting research that will contribute to a bright future for the molecular-based sciences, which are so important for our common future.Leiv K. SydnesIUPAC Immediate Past President and Chairman of the IUPAC Prize Selection Committee
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Mlinac-Jerković, Kristina, Vladimir Damjanović, Svjetlana Kalanj-Bognar, and Jasna Lovrić. "Marking a Century of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at School of Medicine in Zagreb." Croatica chemica acta 92, no. 3 (2019): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5562/cca3554.
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In 2018 the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Zagreb School of Medicine celebrated 100 years since it was established by professor Fran Bubanović. This essay is focused on his successors, outstanding teachers and scientists, professors Tomislav Pinter and Mihovil Proštenik, members of Yugoslavian (today Croatian) Academy of Sciences and Arts. Tomislav Pinter was a prominent physical chemist who had an original approach and gave novel interpretation of van der Waals and Wohl’s equations. He also served as the president of Croatian Chemical Society. Neurobiochemist Mihovil Proštenik started as an organic chemist at “Prelog’s Zagreb School of Organic Chemistry”. He collaborated with two Croatian Nobel prize winners in chemistry: his PhD thesis supervisor Vladimir Prelog and Lavoslav Ružička. He was the founder of “Zagreb School of Lipidology”, discovered a new sphingoid base C20-sphingosine, and had a major role in the establishment of Ruđer Bošković Institute. Herein we honor their contributions to Croatian science and beyond, and share so far unpublished valuable material from the Department archive.
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Steyn, Piet. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20067801iv.
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International, national, and regional chemical societies; national academies; and professional bodies recognize scientists for their outstanding contributions by, for example, the award of medals, prizes, endowed lectureships, invitation to present plenary lectures at conferences/symposia, invitation to contribute to scholarly works, and the election to leadership positions in such professional bodies. In chemistry, the highest accolade remains the award of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, or the immortalization of a scientist in the naming of an element.As an international nongovernmental scientific organization, IUPAC takes great interest in the worldwide achievements of chemists, particularly young chemists. Therefore, IUPAC established the annual prestigious Prize for Young Chemists. In doing so, we endeavor to encourage research in the chemical sciences and the participation of promising young chemists. The prizes are given for the most outstanding Ph.D. thesis in the general area of the chemical sciences, as described in a 1000-word essay; normally, IUPAC awards four of these prizes per year. An international panel of eminent chemists, chaired by the immediate Past President of IUPAC, adjudicates these essays, together with recommendations from senior scientists with whom the candidates collaborated. The prizewinners each receive a cash prize of USD 1000 and a free trip to an IUPAC Congress at which they are invited to present a poster describing their award-winning research findings.At IUPAC, we are delighted that since its inception, the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists has attracted substantial attention from exceptionally gifted research students and their supervisors. The IUPAC Bureau remains in full support of this undertaking and took the decision to continue with this meritorious program on a long-term basis.It is heartening to note that we received 60 applications from 22 countries for the 2005 IUPAC Prize. The essays were of a very high standard and the adjudication process was a challenging task. All of the participants and their supervisors deserve the appreciation of the international scientific fraternity. Recipients of the 2005 IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists were:- Zev J. Gartner, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; "Evolutionary approaches for the discovery of functional synthetic small molecules"- Jiaxing Huang, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; "Syntheses and applications of conducting polymer polyaniline nanofibers"- Hiromitsu Maeda, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; "A dozen years of N-confusion: From synthesis to supramolecular chemistry"- Xun Wang, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; "Solution-based routes to transition-metal oxide one-dimensional nanostructures"Congratulations to the winners and their mentors. It is evident from the topics of their theses that chemistry, as a molecular-based science, remains the core science. Chemistry is important not only as a scientific discipline, but also for its role at the interphases of many scientific disciplines and in cutting-edge areas such as nanotechnology, new materials, and molecular biology. Young chemists are crucially important to the future well-being of chemistry as a discipline and to the future of mankind. Therefore, the prizes are awarded at the opening ceremonies of the IUPAC Congresses. The practice became well established at the IUPAC Congresses held in Brisbane, Australia, 2001, and in Ottawa, Canada, 2003. The tradition was continued at a grand function during the opening ceremony of the 40th IUPAC Congress in Beijing during August 2005, at which occasion the awards were made to the winners of the prizes for 2004 and 2005. On a personal level, it was a great pleasure to meet and to interact with the new generation of highly talented young chemists.Since 2002, the winners of the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists have been invited to submit manuscripts on aspects of their research topics, for consideration as short, critical reviews in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC), the flagship publication of the Union. I am absolutely delighted that 2005 IUPAC prizewinners again enthusiastically responded to our invitation and submitted papers, culminating in the publication of the four critical reviews that appear on the ensuing pages. What a grand and laudable way to launch an illustrious career in the chemical sciences.Chemistry worldwide has a bright future!Piet SteynIUPAC Immediate Past President and Chairman of the IUPAC Prize Committee
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Avargil, Shirly, Zehavit Kohen, and Yehudit Judy Dori. "Trends and perceptions of choosing chemistry as a major and a career." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 21, no. 2 (2020): 668–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9rp00158a.
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In many countries, the choice of a STEM career, especially in chemistry, is decreasing. A shortage of appropriately skilled workers can become a threat to any country's future achievements. Our research strives to understand behavioral trends and career choice factors related to personal and environmental themes. Building on the foundations of the Social Cognitive Career Theory, the research sheds light on prospective trends and retrospective perceptions of chemistry-related professionals in choosing chemistry in high school, as a career, and as a STEM occupation. To analyze the prospective trends in choosing chemistry, we used data curated by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics on 545 778 high school graduates. For the retrospective perceptions of choosing a chemistry career, we investigated three research groups (N = 190): chemists and chemical engineers, chemistry teachers, and third year undergraduate chemistry students. We found that choosing chemistry as a major and profession decreases from high school to higher education. Women tend to choose chemistry more than men at high school and university levels, and minorities tend to choose it more in high school but less in higher education compared to non-minorities. Task-oriented self-efficacy was the factor which contributed the most to chemistry career choice in all three research groups. The theoretical contribution is the unique SCCT application through the integration of both the prospective views on the behavioral theme and the retrospective views on the personal and environmental themes. Furthermore, we present new chemistry-related factors within the personal theme of this theoretical framework that can extend the SCCT framework.
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CRUZ, E. S., S. F. P. PEREIRA, C. S. SILVA, and E. J. P. ROCHA. "TEMAS TRANSVERSAIS DA QUÍMICA AMBIENTAL COMO FERRAMENTA PEDAGÓGICA PARA O ENSINO DE ÁCIDOS E BASES." Revista SODEBRAS 15, no. 180 (December 2020): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29367/issn.1809-3957.15.2020.180.76.
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Schatz, George C. "Emerging Themes in Biophysical Chemistry." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 3, no. 8 (April 19, 2012): 1072–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz300340u.
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Jin, Jung-Il. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 12 (January 1, 2010): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20108212iv.
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Among many global responsibilities, IUPAC recognizes in particular the importance of encouraging, supporting, and fostering the career development of young scientists throughout the world. The imminent International Year of Chemistry 2011 (IYC 2011) is a very special period not only for IUPAC but also for the whole world chemistry community. IYC 2011 was declared by the UN General Assembly in December 2008, to celebrate the achievements of chemistry and its contributions to the well-being of humankind. Under the theme “Chemistry - our life, our future”, IYC 2011 will offer a wide range of interactive activities across the globe. IUPAC feels strongly that encouragement of young research scientists is critical to the future of chemistry. Therefore, one of the most important aims of IYC 2011 is to increase the interest of young people in chemistry.Since 2000, IUPAC has sought to encourage outstanding young research chemists at the beginning of their careers by making annual awards of the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists. The prizes are given for the most outstanding Ph.D. theses in the area of the chemical sciences, as described in 1000-word essays. For details, please refer to IUPAC Prizes for Young Chemists. IUPAC awards up to five prizes annually, each comprising USD 1000 and travel expenses to the next IUPAC Congress.As immediate Past President of IUPAC, I was honored to chair the prize selection committee of eminent chemists, who enjoyed reading essays of 29 applicants from 15 countries. After critical evaluation of the originality and excellence of the essays, the committee decided unanimously to award 2010 Prizes to the following five chemists:- Guangbin Dong, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA: “Synthetic efficiency: Using atomeconomical and chemoselective approaches towards total syntheses of Agelas alkaloids, terpestacin, and bryostatins”- Viktoria Gessner, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany: “Lithium-organic compounds: From the structure–reactivity relationship to versatile synthetic building blocks and their application”- Rafal Klajn, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA: “Self-assembly of nanostructured materials”- Jason M. Spruell, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA: “Molecular recognition and switching via radical dimerization”- Guihua Yu, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA: “Assembly and integration of semiconductor nanowires for functional nanosystems”The 43rd IUPAC World Chemistry Congress will take place in San Juan, Puerto Rico, 30 July-7 August 2011. Each awardee is invited to present a poster on his/her research and to participate in a plenary award session. The prize winners are also invited to offer review papers on their research topics for consideration as publications in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC). Four of the five winners have taken advantage of this offer, and their refereed articles appear in this issue of PAC.Finally, it is an honor and a pleasure to congratulate each of the winners and their supervisors for winning the 2010 IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists. It is hoped that each of them will continue to contribute to a bright future for chemical sciences and technologies.Jung-Il JinIUPAC Immediate Past President and Chair of the IUPAC Prize Selection Committee
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemisty (Theses)"
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Malan, Mareta. "Novel materials for VOC analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71646.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The need to analyse and detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at trace levels has led to the development of specialized sample preparation techniques. The requirement for trace analysis of VOCs stems from the negative effects they have on the environmental and human health. Methods for the analysis of non-polar VOCs commonly found as trace contaminants in water and analysis of more polar oxygenated compounds commonly found in zero-VOC water-based paints were developed. Solid phase micro extraction (SPME) was employed and extraction of the majority of the target analytes could be achieved at levels below 0.3 μg.l-1. In an attempt to further improve the detection of these two target analyte groups, novel materials based on poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) were investigated as possible extraction phases for VOCs, with the focus specifically on the analysis of the polar analytes in paint. Conventional free radical polymerization was used to synthesize poly(methyl methacrylate-graft-poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PMMA-g-PDMS), poly(methacrylic acid)-graft-poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PMAA-g-PDMS), polystyrene-graftpoly( dimethyl siloxane) (PSty-g-PDMS) and poly(butyl acrylate)-graft–poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PBA-g-PDMS). These polymers have a copolymer functionality which presents a series of different polarities. The MMA-g-PDMS and MAA-g-PDMS as well as the homopolymers were electrospun into nanofibers. The low glass transition temperature and molecular weight of the PBAg- PDMS meant that this polymer could not be electrospun. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the fiber morphology of the electrospun fibers and the non-beaded fibers were further investigated. Polyacrylonitrile-graft-poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PAN-g-PDMS) previously synthesized and electrospun by another member of the group were also investigated for use as possible extraction material in volatile analysis. The thermal stability of the nanofibers at 200°C was studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). This property is important since after the target analytes are extracted using the nanofibers, elevated temperatures are used to thermally desorp the volatile analytes from the extraction materials prior to GC analysis. The PAN-g-PDMS, MMA-g-PDMS and PMMA showed no significant weight loss during thermal evaluation, however, it was observed that the PMMA and PMMA-g-PDMS nanofibers looses their nanostructure and that the PAN-g-PDMS nanofibers changes colour from white to yellow to rust brown. The polymers based on MAA showed weight losses of more than 10% after one hour of exposure to the elevated temperatures, but the nanostructure remained intact. The PAN-g-PDMS, PMAA-g-PDMS and PMAA nanofibers were evaluated as possible extraction materials for VOC analysis. The nanofibers were evaluated using a similar approach to that of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). Headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) using a commercially available PDMS stir bar and the novel materials were used to evaluate the extraction efficiency of the different materials. The optimized extraction method developed using SPME were employed for the extraction using the nanofibers and PDMS stir bar. It was noted that the nanofibers lose their extraction capabilities during the first extraction/desorption cycle possibly due to thermal degradation therefore each of the materials can only be used in a single extraction. The majority of the non-polar analytes were extracted using the nanofibers at levels of 500 μg.l-1, however it was noted that the commercially available SPME extraction materials and the PDMS stir bar had superior extraction efficiencies for the specific target analytes. In the evaluation of the nanofibers for extraction of the more polar oxygenated analytes it was noted that 2-Ethylhexylacrylate was the only analyte to be extracted by all of the materials. The PAN-g-PDMS extracted three of the four analytes at levels of 100 μg.l-1. At lower analyte concentrations of 10 μg.l-1 only two of the four acrylate compounds were detected using the PAN-g-PDMS nanofibers. Ethyl acrylate was not extracted by any of the novel materials, whereas in SPME using the CAR/PDMS fiber, the LOD was determined to be below 1 μg.l-1. Although these materials were not superior to the commercially available phases, this is only the case for the specific target analytes analyzed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die behoefte vir die analiese van vlugtige organiese verbindings (VOS) op spoorvlak, het gelei tot die ontwikkeling van gespesialiseerde monster voorbereidingstegnieke. Die vereiste vir die spoor analiese van die VOS het ontstaan uit die negatiewe uitwerking wat hierdie stowwe het op die omgewing en menslike gesondheid. Metodes vir die analiese van nie-polêre VOS wat algemeen voorkom as spoorkontaminante in water en polêre suurstofryke verbindings wat algemeen voorkom in nul-VOS water-gebaseerde verf was ontwikkel. Soliede fase mikro-ekstraksie (SFME) was gebruik, en die ekstraksie van die meerderheid van die teikenstowwe kon gedoen word op vlakke laer as 0,3 μg.l-1. In 'n poging om die opsporing van hierdie twee teiken analietgroepe verder te verbeter, is nuwe materiale gebaseer op polidimetielsiloksaan (PDMS), ondersoek as moontlik ekstraksiefases vir VOS, met die fokus spesifiek op die analiese van die polêre stowwe in verf. ’n Konvensionele vrye radikaal polimerisasieproses was gebruik om poli (metiel- metakrilaat)-entpoli( dimetielsiloksaan) (PMMA-g-PDMS), poli(metakrilaatsuur)-ent–poli (dimetielsiloksaan) (PMAA-g-PDMS), polistireen-ent-poli(dimetielsiloksaan) (PSty-g-PDMS) en poli(butielakrilaat)- ent-poli(dimetielsiloksaan) (PBA-g-PDMS) te sintetiseer. Hierdie ko-polimere het 'n kopolimeer funksionaliteit wat 'n reeks van verskillende polariteite bied. Die MMA-g-PDMS en MAA-g-PDMS sowel as die homopolimere was ge-elektrospin in orde om nanovesels te vorm. Die lae glasoorgangstemperatuur en molekulêre gewig van die PBA-g-PDMS het beteken dat hierdie polimeer nie elektrospin kon word nie. Skandeerelektronmikroskopie (SEM) was gebruik om die veselmorfologie van die ge-elektrospinde vesels te bestudeer en die nanovesels wat ’n eweredige oppervlak gehad het, was verder ondersoek. Poliakrilonitriel-ent-poli(dimetielsiloksaan) (PAN-g- PDMS) wat voorheen gesintetiseer en ge-elektrospin was deur 'n ander lid van die groep is ook ondersoek vir gebruik as moontlik ekstraksiemateriaal vir die analiese van vlugtige stowwe. Die termiese stabiliteit van die nanovesels was by 200°C bestudeer met behulp van ‘n termiese gravimetriese analiese (TGA) instrument. Hierdie eienskap is belangrik, aangesien die teikenstowwe by hoë temperature van die nanovesels gedesorbeer word voor die GC-analiese. Die PAN-g-PDMS, MMA-g-PDMS en PMMA het geen beduidende gewigsverlies tydens termiese evaluering gehad nie, alhoewel dit egter waargeneem was dat die PMMA en PMMA-g-PDMS nanovesels hulle nanostruktuur verloor en dat die PAN-g-PDMS nanovesels se kleur verander van wit na geel na roesbruin gedurende die termiese analiese. Die polimere wat gebaseer was op MAA het ’n gewigs-verlies van meer as 10% getoon na 'n uur van blootstelling aan die verhoogde temperature, maar die nanostruktuur het ongeskonde gebly. Die PAN-g-PDMS, PMAA-g-PDMS en PMAA nanovesels was geëvalueer as moontlike ekstraksiemateriale vir VOS-analiese. Die nanovesels was geëvalueer met 'n soortgelyke benadering tot dié van “stir bar“ sorpsie ekstraksie (SBSE). Bo-ruimte sorpsie ekstrasie is gebruik om die ekstraksie-doeltreffendheid van die verskillende materiale (kommersiële PDMS en nanovesels) te evalueer. Die geoptimaliseerde ekstraksiemetode ontwikkel in SFME was gebruik vir die ekstraksie van die VOS met die nanovesels en die PDMS “stir bar“. Dit was waargeneem dat die nanovesels hul ekstraksievermoë verloor tydens die eerste ekstraksie/desorpsie siklus, moontlik as gevolg van termiese degradasie dus, kon die materiale slegs ‘n enkele maal gebruik word vir die ekstraksie. Die meerderheid van die nie-polêre stowwe was ge-ëkstraeer deur gebruik te maak van die nanovesels op vlakke van 500 μg.l -1, maar die kommersieel beskikbare SFME ekstraksie materiale en die PDMS “stir bar“ se ekstraksie-doeltreffendheid vir die spesifieke stowwe was beter. In die evaluering van die nanovesels vir die ekstraksie van die meer polêre suurstofryke stowwe was daar waargeneem dat 2- etielheksielakrilaat die enigste analiet was wat ge-ëkstraeer was deur al die materiale. Die PAN-g- PDMS kon drie van die vier polêre stowwe op vlakke van 100 μg.l-1 opspoor. By laer analietkonsentrasies van 10 μg.l-1 kon slegs twee van die vier akrilaat verbindings opgespoor word deur gebruik te maak van hierdie nanovesels. Etielakrilaat was nie ge-ëkstraeer deur enige van die nuwe materiale nie, terwyl in SFME met die gebruik van die CAR/ PDMS vesel, die analiet op vlakke onder 1 μg.l-1 opgespoor kon word. Alhoewel hierdie nuwe materiale nie beter is as die kommersieel beskikbare ekstraksiemateriale nie is dit net die geval vir die spesifieke teiken analietgroepe wat ondersoek was in hierdie studie.
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Jerga, Agoston. "Current themes in supramolecular chemistry /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115558.
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Editorial, Comité. "Master and “Licenciatura” Thesis defended at the Chemistry Section." Revista de Química, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100512.
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Ortega, San Martín Luis. "Master and "Licenciatura" Thesis Defended at the Chemistry Section." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101231.
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Editor. "Master and "Licenciatura" Thesis Defended at the Chemistry Section." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100702.
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Ortega, San Martin Luis. "Master and "Licenciatura" Thesis Defended at the Chemistry Section." Revista de Química, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100737.
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Aquí encontrará un resumen ampliado de las tesis de licenciatura y maestría presentadas en 2010 por los alumnos de investigación de la sección Química de la PUCP.Aquí encontrará un resumen ampliado de las tesis de licenciatura y maestría presentadas en 2010 por los alumnos de investigación de la sección Química de la PUCP.
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Editorial, Comité. "Master and “Licenciatura” Thesis defended at the Chemistry Section." Revista de Química, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101091.
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Pedigo, Jeremy. "Chemistry and the Automotive Industry." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/372.
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This thesis covers the use of chemistry in the automotive industry with emphasis on environmental compliance via chemical reporting by database and internal Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) screening, third party laboratory material testing, and the future of the chemist in the United States (U.S.) automotive industry. The third party testing was performed at Western Kentucky University (WKU) via the Materials Characterization Center (MCC), Institute for Combustion Science and Environmental Technology (ICSET) Thermodynamics Laboratory, and using the Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (SEM/EDX) managed by the WKU Biotechnology Center. Furthermore, the tests conducted were used to investigate material defects, provide solid third party quantitative results to support our XRF screenings to ensure environmental compliance, and determine cost effective material replacements. The company for which the testing was performed and information obtained is involved with the production of electronics for many of the major automotive companies throughout the world. The company specializes in the production of wiring harnesses, electrical control units (ECU), boxes (junction, fuse, relay, etc), and electrical components. These four areas control everything from the vehicle's lights, CD/DVD player, and heater to windows, locks, and navigation system. The automotive industry is extremely competitive; therefore, each company must continually change and improve in order to survive. New materials are constantly required to meet the reduced costs implemented by the customer, as well as, improve the function and quality of the components, while maintaining compliance with global environmental standards.
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Martin, David. "Delivery of ITV Chemistry Classes." TopSCHOLAR®, 2007. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/407.
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Western Kentucky University (WKU) offered a course entitled Biochemistry for the Health Sciences in the spring semester of 2007. The course was taught in Interactive Television (ITV) format, and was the first time a class had been taught in the format enabling two-way communication by the Chemistry Department. One section was present in an ITV broadcast classroom on the main campus in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Another section received the broadcast on the campus of Western Kentucky University-Owensboro (WKU-O), at Owensboro Community and Technical College (OCTC), located in Owensboro, Kentucky. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the delivery of the chemistry class and to ascertain if ITV is a suitable format for chemistry classes. Professor Larry Byrd taught the class in person to twenty-nine students in Bowling Green. David Martin, the author of this thesis, attended the class at WKU-0 along with one student, who was required to take the class for her Health Sciences major. The thesis addresses the technical aspects of an ITV class, the logistical challenges faced at both locations, the subject matter covered, and the reactions of students. A survey was administered to the Bowling Green class and the Owensboro student was interviewed. Suggestions for improvements were made for future classes. The conclusion is that ITV can certainly be used successfully for the delivery of chemistry classes. The student in Owensboro received an "A" for the semester. This result compared to 50% "A's", 32 % "B's", 9% "C's", and 9% "D's" and "W's" for the total class. The most needed improvement for the class is the inclusion of demonstrations of laboratory experiments on video. The technical and logistical challenges encountered can be overcome with more experience on the part of the professor and improvements in the courier transportation system. This particular class is scheduled to be offered via ITV in the fall 2007 semester and will be broadcast to multiple remote locations. This limited study of an ITV chemistry class shows that the delivery method is appropriate and reasonable. To broaden the statistical base for comparison of ITV classes to traditional classes, another series of experiments should be performed. A proposal for a study between a traditional class, an ITV main campus class, an ITV remote class, and a web-based class is included. This study is designed to compare student performance over a range of delivery methods for the same course.
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Humphrey, Mark Graeme. "Aspects of organometallic chemistry, particularly metal alkynyl and cluster chemistry." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SD/09sdh9267.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references. Details research carried out into the nonlinear optical properties of metal alkynyls, chiefly organoruthenium complexes, showing that these complexes can be designed to have very large NLO coefficients. Also demonstrates the utility of spectroscopic, electrochemical and copmutational aids as predictive tools for NLO materials. Also examines cluster synthesis, reactivity and physical properties using ruthenium clusters and hard-donor ligands, affording a series of cluster complrxes that provide structural models for industrially-important hydrotreating intermediates.
Books on the topic "Chemisty (Theses)"
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Kitson, Trevor M. Organic chemistry: A guide to common themes. London: Arnold, 1988.
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Kitson, Trevor M. Organic chemistry: A guide to common themes. London: Edward Arnold, 1988.
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Library, Central Mindanao University. Abstract bibliography of undergraduate theses on biology, chemistry, mathematics & political science, 1990-1991. Musuan, Bukidnon: University Library, Central Mindanao University, 1991.
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McMahon, Jeffrey Michael. Topics in theoretical and computational nanoscience: From controlling light at the nanoscale to calculating quantum effects with classical electrodynamics : doctoral thesis accepted by Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011.
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Fishman, Sylvia Barack. More than chemistry: The romantic choices of American Jews. New York, NY: Jewish Media Fund, 1995.
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American Chemical Society. Committee on Professional Training. Directory of graduate research 1999: Faculties, publications, and doctoral and master's theses in departments or divisions of chemistry, chemical engineering, biochemistry, medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry, clinical chemistry, polymer science, food science, forensic science, marine science, toxicology, materials science, and environmental science at universities in the United States and Canada. [Washington, DC]: American Chemical Society, 1999.
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Shafer, Wade H. Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences: Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States and Canada Volume 40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997.
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Shafer, Wade H. Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences: Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States and Canada Volume 34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992.
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Brown, Jeannette. African American Women Chemists. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199742882.001.0001.
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Dr. Marie Maynard Daly received her PhD in Chemistry from Columbia University in 1947. Although she was hardly the first of her race and gender to engage in the field, she was the first African American woman to receive a PhD in chemistry in the United States. In this book, Jeannette Brown, an African American woman chemist herself, will present a wide-ranging historical introduction to the relatively new presence of African American women in the field of chemistry. It will detail their struggles to obtain an education and their efforts to succeed in a field in which there were few African American men, much less African American women. The book contains sketches of the lives of African America women chemists from the earliest pioneers up until the late 1960's when the Civil Rights Acts were passed and greater career opportunities began to emerge. In each sketch, Brown will explore women's motivation to study the field and detail their often quite significant accomplishments. Chapters focus on chemists in academia, industry, and government, as well as chemical engineers, whose career path is very different from that of the tradition chemist. The book concludes with a chapter on the future of African American women chemists, which will be of interest to all women interested in science.
Book chapters on the topic "Chemisty (Theses)"
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Petit, Camille. "Role of Surface Chemistry." In Springer Theses, 53–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3393-4_6.
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Galego Pascual, Javier. "Theory of Polaritonic Chemistry." In Springer Theses, 87–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48698-3_4.
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Galego Pascual, Javier. "Cavity Ground-State Chemistry." In Springer Theses, 121–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48698-3_6.
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Li, Lianwei. "Preparation of ‘‘Perfect’’ Hyperbranched Homopolymers and Copolymers by “Click” Chemistry." In Springer Theses, 33–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06097-2_4.
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Chen, Yu. "Synthesis of Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles by Silica-Etching Chemistry for Biomedical Applications." In Springer Theses, 31–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48622-1_2.
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Hadlington, Terrance John. "The Use of a Bulky Boryl-Substituted Amide Ligand in Low-Oxidation State Group 14 Element Chemistry." In Springer Theses, 205–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51807-7_6.
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Shafer, Wade H. "Chemistry and Biochemistry." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 58–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5969-6_8.
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Shafer, Wade H. "Chemistry and Biochemistry." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 59–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2453-3_8.
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Shafer, Wade H. "Chemistry and Biochemistry." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 79–103. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1969-0_8.
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Shafer, Wade H. "Chemistry and Biochemistry." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 70–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7391-3_8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Chemisty (Theses)"
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Comeig-Ramírez, Irene, Alfredo Juan Grau-Grau, Lucía Pinar-García, Federico Ramírez-López, and Amalia Rodrigo-González. "Reaching professional skills with the Final Master Thesis: Collaboration towards actual solutions." In INNODOCT 2018. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2018.2018.8829.
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In order to motivate the student through a professional experience, and to improve the teaching-learning process by letting the student gain experience, we implement a collaborative learning-through-service methodology. This method increases the student involvement level and the deep understanding of the tools. As a matter of example, we present the implementation of this method in the Final Master Thesis (FMTh) of the Master on Corporate Finance at the University of Valencia (UV). In these FMTh, students have to valuate an actual innovation developed by UV researchers (on chemistry, in this case) with the goal of helping them to transfer (sell) this innovation to the industry. This collaborative learning-through-service methodology helps students put into practice the technics learned in the Master and give them a strong sense of the financial professional practice.
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Mazurkiewicz, Paul. "Advanced Analytical Chemistry Techniques Enable Rapid, Cheap and Concise Electronic Failure Analysis." In ISTFA 2004. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2004p0457.
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Abstract This article introduces several analytical chemistry techniques that are extremely useful in the electronics failure analysis (FA) laboratory, but are not normally found in FA laboratories. It presents the techniques in simple language and makes a case for the inclusion of chemists in the rapidly evolving and ever-shrinking world of microelectronic failure analysis. The article discusses the following techniques in terms of their applications, advantages, and operating principles: gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). As we move into the world of nanotechnology, these techniques will become key in analyzing failures that cannot be visualized using traditional FA methods.
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Ishmuratova, Y. A., and V. I. Morosamova. "Conscious self-regulation as a resource of efficiency of task solving for novices and experts." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.526.537.
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The article presents the results of comparing the development of conscious self-regulation and the effectiveness of solving professional tasks for novices and professionals. Participants were chemists with different levels of professional experience (N = 42), the group of novices included students of the Faculty of Chemistry (N = 21), the group of experts included chemists working in their specialty for more than ten years (N = 21). An analysis of objective indicators of the effectiveness of tasksolving has demonstrated that chemists with long work experience solve professional tasks faster and with fewer errors. Two types of strategies were identified in solving chemical tasks. Students have a «perceptual strategy» — they spend more time and effort analyzing the presented answer options, make more transitions between the presented task and answer options, and make longer fixations on the task area. Experts, in contrast, apply a «representative strategy» for solving problems, which is characterized by building a mental representation of a molecule of a substance, reducing the time it takes to solve a task, and increasing the duration of fixations on the problem area. Conscious self-regulation in this study was evaluated using the methodology «Style of self-regulation of behavior». Among the indicators of selfregulation, there are statistically reliably correlate both the indicator of the time taken to solve task and the indicator of errors made by the cognitive-regulatory process «target planning». A comparison of the regulatory indicators of students and experts revealed significant differences in the scales «Planning goals» and «Reliability». The data obtained allow us to conclude that development of conscious self-regulation of advancement and achievement of goals may turn out to be a significant resource for the effectiveness of a specialist in the field of chemistry. It is possible that the ability to plan professional goals and regulatory reliability develops with the acquisition of professional experience, which can contribute to the growth of the effectiveness of professional actions of specialists.
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Horikoshi, Satoshi. "ELUCIDATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EFFECT AND OUTGOING OF FUTURE TREND IN MICROWAVE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9783.
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The German chemist Theodor Grotthuss was the first to formulate the first law of photochemistry in 1817; he postulated that a reaction could be driven by light when the energy of light is absorbed by molecules [1]. After that, photochemistry has greatly contributed to the development of photography. In addition, second laws of photochemistry (Stark-Einstein law) was enacted, and these two laws have elevated photochemistry as an academic (science) discipline over the last one hundred years. In addition, because of advances in light sources and various devices (engineering), such materials and processes as photocatalysts, organic solar cells, photopolymerization, quantum dots, and photochromism (among others) are currently being applied in various other fields. The next significant surge in chemistry is microwave chemistry wherein microwaves, which represent electromagnetic waves other than light, were introduced as a driving force in the chemical reaction domain in the late 1980s. There are three characteristics in this chemistry when using microwaves. The first is the high heating efficiency caused by the energy of the microwaves that directly reach and are absorbed by the substance. The second is the selectivity with which a specific substrate is heated, while the third characteristic is the enhancement of chemical syntheses by the microwaves’ electromagnetic wave energy, often referred to as the microwave effect (or non-thermal effect). The phenomenon of the microwave effect (third characteristic) impacting chemical reactions has been summarized in much of the relevant literature, however, the reason why the microwave effect has not been clarified to anyone’s satisfaction is that the term microwave effect in microwave chemistry includes numerous factors. In order to fix microwaves in the chemical field, it is urgent to develop laws of “microwavechemistry”, and to do it is necessary to systematization against the phenomenas of electromagnetic waves for materials and reactions. One of the reasons for the dramatic growth in photochemistry is the development of high power laser technology. In recent years, coherent semiconductor generator with the generating high power microwaves have become easy to get, so “microwavechemistry” can proceed to the next stage. We examined that the phenomena as microwave electromagnetic waves in chemical reactions by using a semiconductor generator and a power sensor. And, it clarified that the reaction rate and yield of a very small part of the chemical reaction change with the unique phenomenon to electromagnetic waves [2]. On the other hand, generally, as plants, enzymes, biological substances temperature rises, it inhibits growth and reaction. This phenomenon was used to overcome the electromagnetic wave effect. We have succeeded in improving these activities by irradiating weak microwaves which do not increase these temperatures [3]. If microwave heating is given to them, it will work negatively. In this invited presentation, it introduces the possibility of electromagnetic wave effect(s) in these and explain its industrial application.
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Flynn, Patrick F. "How Chemistry Controls Engine Design." In ASME 2001 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-ice-100.
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Abstract A review of empirical engine data that exhibit the limits of the chemistry of fuel oxidation in engines is presented. These data have been compared to analyses using up to date fuel oxidation chemical analyses programs and shown to be in close agreement. The constraints caused by the fuel oxidation chemistry limitations are key determinants of the engine’s overall design, determining allowed intake conditions, fuel-air ratios, compression ratio requirements, and the need for such ancillary devices as those for exhaust emissions aftertreatment.
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Saji, Genn. "Scientific Bases of Water Chemistry for Corrosion Control of NPPs by Integration of Radiation- and Electro-Chemistry." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16525.
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In this paper, the author continues his investigation on the scientific basis of water chemistry specifications by applying his recent theory, which integrates the elemental radiation- and electro-chemistry reactions in the “Butlar-Volmer equation.” The B-V equation is well established as the basic material balance equation in corrosion science. The author’s new approach has been compared with the published in-pile test results of the electrochemical potential differences between the in-flux and out-flux regions for both the PWR- and BWR water chemistry environment. Although the theoretical estimation generally reproduced the experimental results, there remains significant deviation from the experimental results at the very low DH region (<10cc-STP/kg-water) in PWRs as well as the low DO region (<10ppb) in BWRs. Although these regions are outside of the water chemistry specifications of general interest, the scientific causes of the deviation must be clarified. In this paper, the author found that the deviations are due to the dominant radiation-chemical reactions involving hydrogen ions and hydrogen peroxide at the lower ends. Although the radiation- and electrochemical reaction was further exploited with respect to the potential differences induced by the hydrogen peroxide, the effects were disappointingly small, when estimated in terms of a mixed potential of the electrode reactions. This leads the author to suspect that hydrogen-ion-radical reactions should be the main causes. Currently further analyses are in progress.
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Chroustová, Kateřina, and Martin Bílek. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE USAGE OF EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC." In 1st International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education. Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2015.36.
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Why don´t we encounter too regularly with the inclusion of educational software in chemistry education in the Czech Republic? What factors affect the usage of educational software? What kind of relationship can be identified between these factors? For the search of answers to those formulated questions was necessary to, first of all, carry out a deep analysis of the conditions that could lead to more effective usage of educational software in chemistry education. In this article, we analyse the factors that affect the usage of educational software in chemistry education with the application of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and the related theories, including a comparison of our results with the results of realized research studies with a similar theme. Key words: educational software, chemistry education, the unified theory of use and acceptance of technology (UTAUT).
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Makarov, V. V., and R. K. Jain. "Deposition of Narrow, High Quality, Closely Spaced, but Isolated Conductors." In ISTFA 2007. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2007p0041.
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Abstract Developed procedures to deposit narrow (<100nm), closely spaced, low resistance conductors which exhibit good electrical isolation are demonstrated. The process parameters which limit how narrow a line can be deposited and the methods used to work-around these are discussed. For these depositions, 3pA ion beam current was used with a Mo(CO)6 precursor chemistry. The deposition method minimized the incorporation of non-conductive precursor by-products. To isolate adjacent conductors, a copper etch Credence FIB chemistry was used. The advantages of this procedure over the common practice when XeF2 chemistry is used is also discussed and demonstrated.
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Smetanin, Denis S., and Victor N. Voronov. "Application of Technological Algorithms and Mathematical Modelling in Cycle Chemistry Monitoring Systems." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95087.
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Most Russian fossil fuelled power plants equipped with cycle chemistry monitoring systems (CCMS), as a tool to maintain water chemistry within operating limits, use these systems in informative mode only without performing any particular control function. Modern modeling methods allow for the optimizing of water chemistry control. According to the Russian guidelines, CCMS of a single unit depending on its type (drum or once-through boiler) should be based on on-line monitoring performed by 25–35 chemical analyzers; 50–100 “grab” sample analyses (daily) and about 20 on-line monitored operating parameters. Significant volume of the incoming information needs to be organized and presented to operating personnel in order to improve and optimize water chemistry at power plants, which is the main idea of CCMS, this can be achieved by implementing technological algorithms and modeling in the systems. Most of the operating CCMS are supplied with alarms to indicate water chemistry failure, alerting the operating personnel but not informing them about the danger and gravity of the event. The use of water chemistry evaluating algorithms based on system of indices provides data analysis for the operating personnel informing them on the danger of the event. Implementation of CCMS at power plants should change the role of laboratory monitoring from routine to diagnostic. The application of theoretical and experimental dependencies of different water quality parameters can be used for water chemistry optimization. In order to predict impurity distribution and deposit build-up on heat transfer surfaces and turbine blades, mathematical models of thermal cycles based on balance equations can be used in CCMS. Such models can be formed for ion-impurities, silica acid and corrosion products. Another type of model predicts impurity behavior in the event of deteriorating feed water chemistry. By means of such models operating personnel receive information about the time available to prevent steam chemistry failure. The model results should be compared with the available impurities solubility data. The majority of power plants have their particular water chemistry problems and technological disadvantages, which together with preventive and emergency measures are described in water chemistry guidelines applied at power plants. The application of logical algorithms based on these guidelines can be used in CCMS as an informative support to operating personnel in case of water chemistry failure. All the algorithms and mathematical models should only be used after their refinement to the individual power plant.
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Hsu, Stephen M. "Tribochemistry of Materials." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64399.
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Tribochemistry refers to the contact chemistry occurs inside the wearing interface under boundary lubricated conditions. Since lubrication chemistry has been dominated by hydrocarbon-steel chemistry, other chemistry between insulators, semiconductors, carbon films and lubricants has not been explored extensively. As new materials continue to evolve spurred by increasingly sophisticated means to control atoms, molecules, and microstructures, how to lubricate these new materials has become an important technological barrier for materials utilization and new technology development. This paper addresses the basic known information of tribochemistry with materials and describes the various measurement techniques that can be used to understand tribochemistry with various classes of materials.
Reports on the topic "Chemisty (Theses)"
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Keinan, Ehud. The 18th Asian Chemical Congress and the 20th General Assembly of the FACS. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00015.
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Most global challenges, including global warming, food for everybody, the race for sustainable energy, water quality, dwindling raw materials, and health problems, are chemical problems by nature. Therefore, Humankind cannot meet these challenges without the chemical sciences and will not solve any of these problems without global cooperation. Chemists have always been doing much better than politicians in meeting these challenges, working together across borders through unique collaboration and friendship. Despite fundamentally different political systems and cultural diversity, chemists go beyond borders, find each other, share their findings, and solve problems together.
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Baer, Donald R., Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts, Heather C. Allen, Allan K. Bertram, Vicki H. Grassian, Scot T. Martin, Joyce E. Penner, et al. EMSL Science Theme Advisory Panel Workshop - Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry, Climate Change, and Air Quality. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1095437.
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.
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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Mehta, Goverdhan, Alain Krief, Henning Hopf, and Stephen A. Matlin. Chemistry in a post-Covid-19 world. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00013.
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The long-term impacts of global upheaval unleashed by Covid-19 on economic, political, social configurations, trade, everyday life in general, and broader planetary sustainability issues are still unfolding and a full assessment will take some time. However, in the short term, the disruptive effects of the pandemic on health, education, and behaviors and on science and education have already manifested themselves profoundly – and the chemistry arena is also deeply affected. There will be ramifications for many facets of chemistry’s ambit, including how it repositions itself and how it is taught, researched, practiced, and resourced within the rapidly shifting post-Covid-19 contexts. The implications for chemistry are discussed hereunder three broad headings, relating to trends (a) within the field of knowledge transfer; (b) in knowledge application and translational research; and (c) affecting academic/professional life.
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Singhvi, Punit, Javier García Mainieri, Hasan Ozer, and Brajendra Sharma. Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-020.
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The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.
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LeGrand, Sandra, Christopher Polashenski, Theodore Letcher, Glenn Creighton, Steven Peckham, and Jeffrey Cetola. The AFWA dust emission scheme for the GOCART aerosol model in WRF-Chem v3.8.1. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41560.
Full textAbstract:
Airborne particles of mineral dust play a key role in Earth’s climate system and affect human activities around the globe. The numerical weather modeling community has undertaken considerable efforts to accurately forecast these dust emissions. Here, for the first time in the literature, we thoroughly describe and document the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) dust emission scheme for the Georgia Institute of Technology–Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) aerosol model within the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem) and compare it to the other dust emission schemes available in WRF-Chem. The AFWA dust emission scheme addresses some shortcomings experienced by the earlier GOCART-WRF scheme. Improved model physics are designed to better handle emission of fine dust particles by representing saltation bombardment. WRF-Chem model performance with the AFWA scheme is evaluated against observations of dust emission in southwest Asia and compared to emissions predicted by the other schemes built into the WRF-Chem GOCART model. Results highlight the relative strengths of the available schemes, indicate the reasons for disagreement, and demonstrate the need for improved soil source data.
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Schutt, Timothy, and Manoj Shukla. Predicting the impact of aqueous ions on fate and transport of munition compounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41481.
Full textAbstract:
A model framework for natural water has been developed using computational chemistry techniques to elucidate the interactions between solvated munition compounds and eight common ions in naturally occurring water sources. The interaction energies, residence times, coordination statistics, and surface preferences of nine munition related compounds with each ion were evaluated. The propensity of these interactions to increase degradation of the munition compound was predicted using accelerated replica QM/MM simulations. The degradation prediction data qualitatively align with previous quantum mechanical studies. The results suggest that primary ions of interest for fate and transport modeling of munition compounds in natural waters may follow the relative importance of SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻ ≫ HCO₃⁻, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺, K⁺, and NH₄⁺.
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Chidsey, Thomas C., David E. Eby, Michael D. Vanden Berg, and Douglas A. Sprinkel. Microbial Carbonate Reservoirs and Analogs from Utah. Utah Geological Survey, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-168.
Full textAbstract:
Multiple oil discoveries reveal the global scale and economic importance of a distinctive reservoir type composed of possible microbial lacustrine carbonates like the Lower Cretaceous pre-salt reservoirs in deepwater offshore Brazil and Angola. Marine microbialite reservoirs are also important in the Neoproterozoic to lowest Cambrian starta of the South Oman Salt Basin as well as large Paleozoic deposits including those in the Caspian Basin of Kazakhstan (e.g., Tengiz field), and the Cedar Creek Anticline fields and Ordovician Red River “B” horizontal play of the Williston Basin in Montana and North Dakota, respectively. Evaluation of the various microbial fabrics and facies, associated petrophysical properties, diagenesis, and bounding surfaces are critical to understanding these reservoirs. Utah contains unique analogs of microbial hydrocarbon reservoirs in the modern Great Salt Lake and the lacustrine Tertiary (Eocene) Green River Formation (cores and outcrop) within the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah. Comparable characteristics of both lake environments include shallowwater ramp margins that are susceptible to rapid widespread shoreline changes, as well as compatible water chemistry and temperature ranges that were ideal for microbial growth and formation/deposition of associated carbonate grains. Thus, microbialites in Great Salt Lake and from the Green River Formation exhibit similarities in terms of the variety of microbial textures and fabrics. In addition, Utah has numerous examples of marine microbial carbonates and associated facies that are present in subsurface analog oil field cores.