Academic literature on the topic 'Cherelle Wilt'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cherelle Wilt"
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Muhamad, R., and M. J. Way. "Relationships between feeding habits and fecundity of Helopeltis theivora (Hemiptera: Miridae) on cocoa." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 4 (1995): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300033010.
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AbstractThe characteristics of feeding lesions and the relationship between cocoa pod size/age and surface area were determined as a basis for examining in detail the effects of pod age on feeding and oviposition by Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse. In no-choice and choice experiments in the field, adults made few feeding lesions on the youngest cherelles and, given a choice, made many fewer on full size, ripe yellowing pods than on old cherelles and growing pods. Old cherelles and growing pods were equally attractive based on numbers of feeding lesions per cherelle or pod, but in terms of available surface area for feeding there were more on the cherelles. These distinctions in feeding choice are even more striking for oviposition, with no eggs laid on young cherelles and old pods, and old cherelles/young pods strongly preferred on a per cherelle or pod basis, and especially per unit area of surface. It is suggested that the female chooses to oviposit on relatively old cherelles and young pods because its nymphs may benefit by feeding during a nutritious growing phase of pod development. It is also significant that eggs are rarely laid on ripe pods on which newly hatched nymphs cannot survive, nor are they laid on young cherelles, most of which, unlike the oldest, will die from cherelle wilt. The female lays a large proportion of eggs within, or very close to, feeding lesions, including those made earlier by males. Yet, this does not benefit egg viability. Males did not make feeding lesions on previously laid eggs.
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Valle, R. R., A. A. F. De Almeida, and R. M. De O. Leite. "Energy costs of flowering, fruiting, and cherelle wilt in cacao." Tree Physiology 6, no. 3 (1990): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/6.3.329.
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Prawoto, Adi. "Pattern of Flushing, Cherelle Wilt, and Accuracy of Yield Forecasting of Some Cocoa Clones." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 30, no. 2 (2014): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v30i2.4.
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Monthly observation of cocoa flushing, number of cherelle wilt (CW), number of small, medium and large pods of 6 clones was conducted for two years to study its dynamics for one year. A study was conducted in Kaliwining Experimental Station, 45 m asl. and D rainfall type (according to Schmidt & Ferguson), using ICS 13, ICS 60, TSH 858, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2 and KW 165 clones of 8 years old. Each clone was planted intermittently in separate rows, replicated 6 rows. Correlation and regression analysis were done between variables and with rainfall data. The parallel research was conducted in the similar station to assess the accuracy of production estimation method by identify percentage of small pods (length 1—10 cm), medium (11—15 cm) and large pods (>15 cm) to grow until harvested. The study used 15th years old trees of Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, KW 165, KKM 22, ICS 13 and DR 2 clones. Each clones was replicated 5 times. The result showed that intensive flushing (>50%) occured during January, March, September and November meanwhile no flushing during December and February. Correlation between rainfall and flushing was positive (r=0.27). Effect of clones on flushing frequency was similar but for flushing intensity was significant. KW 165 tended to be the lowest but TSH 858 tend to be the highest. CW occured for a year-round but the height level during May and June. Effect of clones was significant, KW 165 showed highest followed by Sulawesi 2. CW level showed positive correlation with number of medium (r=0.71) and big pods (r=0.55), except showed negative correlation with flushing intensity (r=-0.37) and rainfall (r=-0.51). High pod setting happened during May to November and low pod setting during December to March. In this aspect effect of clones were significant, the productive clones were Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2 and KW 165, but ICS 60 was the less. CW level during 1st semester was lower than at 2nd semester and clone effect was significant. The opportunity of small, medium and big pods to be harvested was similar among both semester. The opportunity of small, medium and big pods to be harvested were 8—56%; 57—83% and 77—96% respectively depend on the clones. In average, those opportunities were 27%, 72%, and 87% for small, medium and big pods respectively.Key words: flushing, cherelle wilt, pod setting, clones, yield prediction
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Suprapto, Muhamad Eza, Santi Rosniawaty, and Mira Ariyanti. "Pengaruh Pupuk Kompos Kulit Buah Kakao Dan Pupuk Tablet Terhadap Produksi Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 6, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v6i1.76.
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Cocoa is one of the estate crop whose role is quite important for the national economy, particularly as a provider of employment, income and foreign exchange. The high export opportunities of cocoa beans has not been followed by the production of cocoa beans in Indonesian. The production of dried cacao beans in Indonesia is still low. The low productivity of seeds generally caused by Cherelle wilt of cacao. Wilting occurs due to inability of the cherelle to compete with the other cherelle in absorbing nutrients. Fertilization is an effort to maintain and fulfill the nutrients in the plants. This research is aimed to assess the effect of fertilization using cocoa pod husk and NPK tablets fertilization on cocoa crop yields. This experiment was conducted at PT. PP. Bajabang Indonesia, Cipeundeuy, West Bandung regency from December 2016 to March 2017. The experiment was conducted using a Simple Randomized Block Design that consists 10 treatments: control, single N, P, K fertilizer 297 g/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + single N, P, K fertilizer 297 g/tree, cocoa pod husk 18 kg/tree + single N, P, K fertilizer 297 g/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree, NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 10 tablets/tree, cocoa pod husk 18 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/ tree, cocoa pod husk 18 kg/ tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 10 tablets/tree. The result of experiment showed that there was an influence of cocoa pod husk and NPK tablet fertilizer on cocoa fruit weight at 12 MSP, that is cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree. Number of cherelle wilted at 12 MSP with cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree.
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Melnick, Rachel L., Mary D. Strem, Jayne Crozier, Richard C. Sicher, and Bryan A. Bailey. "Molecular and metabolic changes of cherelle wilt of cacao and its effect on Moniliophthora roreri." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 84 (October 2013): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2013.09.004.
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Evizal, Rusdi, Sugiatno ,, Ivayani ,, Hidayat Pujisiswanto, Lestari Wibowo, and Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi. "INCIDENCE DYNAMIC OF POD ROT DISEASE OF COCOA CLONES IN LAMPUNG, INDONESIA." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 18, no. 2 (2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.218105-111.
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Incidence dynamic of pod rot disease of cocoa clones in Lampung, Indonesia. The declining of production and productivity of cocoa in Indonesia might due to pests and diseases attacks and planting unselected clones. Dynamic of pod rot incidence was important to plan pest controlling. To study dynamic incidence of some cocoa clones, a research was conducting in Pesawaran District, a centre of cocoa production in Lampung. A farmer cocoa plot under agro-forestry system was selected which had been upgrading in 2014 by pruning and side-grafting with national clones including Sul 1, MCC 1, MCC 2, ICCRI 7 and selected local clone named T1, T2, and T3. The results showed that pod rot incidence occurred along the year of observation. For immature pod, pod rot incidence was dynamic and varied among months and clones. There was high pod rot incidence every months for particular clone. National clone Sul1 and local clone T3 exhibited more tolerant to pod rot disease than other clones. Clones Sul1 and T3 also produced more pod than others. High incidence of pod rot occurred on fruit stage of cherelle (incidence 38.7%) and small pod (incidence 18.8%) that well known as cherelle wilt symptom.
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Famuwagun, Idowu Babadele, and Samuel O. Agele. "Micro-Climate Conditions, Weed Diversity, Flowering and Yield of Young Cacao Plants as Affected by Shade Regimes." International Letters of Natural Sciences 81 (February 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.81.31.
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Experiments were conducted in 2015/2018 in two cacao plots established in 2012 and 2013 in Akure, Nigeria to investigate micro-climate conditions, weed densities, flowering and yield of cacao as affected by shade regimes. Established cacao plots under three plantain (Musa spp) shade regimes consisting of No-shade, Moderate and Dense shade were used. Air and soil temperature, relative humidity and Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR), weed population and species diversity, cacao flowering and pod production were measured. From the results, air and soil temperature measurements under No-shade plots had a significantly higher mean values (32°C) and soil (28°C) compared with moderately shaded [air, 30°C and soil, 26.5°C] and densely shaded [air, 30°C and soil, 26°C] plots in2015 and 2016 measurements but under 2017 measurements, no significant difference in the soil temperature of the plots under dense shade, moderate and the no-shade which were ascribed to canopy close-up of the cacao that led to reduced transmitted light through the canopy to the understories species. The vigour of weeds under no-shade plots were significantly higher compared with dense and moderately shaded plots. In 2013 established cacao plot, flower production was higher significantly in no-shade compared with those in moderate and dense shaded cacao plots in 2015 and 2016 measurement. Pod production under No-shade were significantly higher compared with other treatments in 2016 and 2017. Cherelle wilt rate was higher in shaded plots compared with the no-shade plots. Pod yield parameters were significantly higher under No-shade plots compared with shaded treatments during the three years of data measurement. Air temperature between 30°C to 33.7°C during flowering and fruit/pod setting was found to have positive influence on bean yield in cacao. The study concluded that excessive shade decreases yield of cocoa, while increases in temperature and relative humidity boosts some physiological processes for pod production in Cocoa
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Montalván Castellón, Oscar. "Identificación de árboles potenciales de (Theobroma cacao L.) en siuna y rosita, junio 2009 – junio 2010." Ciencia e Interculturalidad 12, no. 1 (2013): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rci.v12i1.1221.
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La investigación se orientó a la selección de árboles potenciales de cacao, caracterizando los ambientes para los cuales se describió el comportamiento productivo de los árboles potenciales y los resistentes a plagas y enfermedades. Se estudiaron 15 unidades de producción, 8 en la comunidad el Carao, dos en el Guayabo, dos en Rosa Grande y una en Floripón del municipio de Siuna, una en el Zopilote y una en Santa Rita del municipio de Rosita. Esta investigación servirá como una herramienta base para nuevos estudios y un instrumento para el mejoramiento del cultivo del cacao a nivel municipal y regional, donde sean beneficiarios los productores inmersos en el proceso de mejoramiento del cultivo. Se identificó un total de 78 árboles potenciales, y se caracterizaron los ambientes, comportamiento productivo, resistencia a plaga y enfermedades, características agroecológicas y morfológicas. Entre los principales resultados sobresale la producción promedio por árbol, este se comportó de la manera siguiente: entre 3.11 a 4.6 kilogramos por árbol en los tipos angoletas, 3.1 a 4.00 kilogramos en los amelonados, 3.11 a 4.7 en los cundeamor y 0.6 kilogramos en los calabacín. La mayoría de los árboles evaluados presentaron afectaciones por plagas y enfermedades como: Moniliasis, mazorca negra, Cherelle wild y gusanos en los frutos, así como afectaciones por tandas en ramas. CIENCIA E INTERCULTURALIDAD, Volume 12, Year 6, No. 1, Jan-July, 2013; 128-140
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Izzah, Nur Kholilatul, Ilham Nur Ardhi Wicaksono, Cici Tresniawati, and Edi Wardiana. "Analisis Daya Gabung dan Korelasi Karakter Jumlah Buah Kakao pada Persilangan Setengah Dialel." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 6, no. 3 (2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v6n3.2019.p99-108.
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<em>Analysis of combining ability and correlation between characters in cacao plays an important role and benefits in an effort to obtain superior high-yield genetic material. This analysis makes it easy to find out the best combination of parents in producing superior progeny. The study aimed to analyze the combining ability and correlation of cacao pod numbers in F1 population generated from half-diallel crossing. The study was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station, Sukabumi, West Java, at an altitude of 450 m above sea level with Latosol soil type and B climate type (Schmidt and Fergusson), from 2014 until 2018. The experiment was arranged using a randomized block design (RBD) with 10 combinations of half-diallel crossing method that were repeated three times. The parental genotypes used were ICCRI 03, TSH 858, DR 1, ICS 13, and SCA 6. The variables observed were the number of healthy pods, number of rotten pods, number of cherelle wilts, and total pod numbers. The combining ability was analyzed using the Griffing 4 method, while correlation analysis was carried out phenotypically and genotypically.The results showed the action of non-additive genes in the F1 generation and three combinations of crosses, namely ICCRI 03 x TSH 858, TSH 858 x DR 1, and ICS 13 x SCA 6 had the opportunity to be developed into superior hybrids. In addition, it is known that there were phenotypic and genotypic positive correlations between the observed pod component characters.</em>
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Sánchez Mora, Fernando David, Emma Danielly Torres Navarrete, Fabián Abril Saltos, et al. "ZEOLITAS EN LA FERTILIZACIÓN QUÍMICA DEL CACAO CCN-51 ASOCIADO CON CUATRO ESPECIES MADERABLES." Ciencia y Tecnología 6, no. 2 (2014): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v6i2.131.
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Se evaluó el efecto de dos zeolitas comerciales del tipo clinoptilolita: Roca Mágica® (RM) y Zeolite C® (ZC), incluidas en la fertilización química sobre la producción y rentabilidad del cacao “CCN-51”, de origen sexual, asociado con cuatro especies maderables [Caoba de montaña (Colubrina arborescens (Mill.) Sarg), fernánsanchez (Triplaris cumingiana F.), guayacán blanco (Cybistax donell-smithii Rose) y laurel prieto (Cordia macrantha Chadat)]. En la fertilización fueron utilizados los dos tipos de zeolita (RM y ZC) y dos niveles (25 y 30%), más un testigo (sin zeolita). La fertilización se fraccionó en tres partes aplicándose urea, MgSO4, K2O y P2O5. Se empleó un diseño de parcelas divididas con cuatro especies maderables, cinco subtratamientos (tipos y niveles de zeolita) y un testigo, en cuatro repeticiones. Se utilizó la prueba de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad. Se midió la fenología del cacao (brotación, floración, fructificación), cherelles wilt, número de mazorcas sanas y producción de cacao en kg ha-1. El mayor número de brotes los emitieron las plantas de cacao asociadas con fernánsanchez en la época lluviosa, posiblemente por la menor cobertura aérea de esta especie. El cacao alcanzó su mayor fructificación en la época lluviosa con las asociaciones fernánsanchez y guayacán y, 30% de ZC. El mayor número de mazorcas sanas, y producción de cacao fue obtenido con la asociación fernánsanchez en la época seca. La mayor rentabilidad se encontró con fernánsanchez y 25% de RM.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cherelle Wilt"
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Bradnan, Danielle M. "Cherelle Wilt in Theobroma cacao." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10002459.
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<p> Cherelle wilt is a devastating phenomenon in <i>Theobroma cacao, </i> a tropical understory tree that produces pods from which chocolate is manufactured. Approximately 60% of the pods succumbed to the condition known as cherelle wilt, on which relatively little research has been conducted. Cherelle wilt is so named because it affects the development of pods in the “cherelle” stage, when the pods are less than 10 cm long and younger than 40 days. This work assessed morphological differences between healthy, developing pods and those affected by cherelle wilt by light microscopy of longitudinally sectioned pods (in one week intervals) (2 µm thick, set in Spurr’s resin). My research showed that at the microscopic level, seed structures of healthy pods were larger, and four weeks post pollination, developed significantly greater amounts of dark material (likely tannins). Wilting pods were smaller, with the appearance of larger integuments than embryo sac in longitudinal section. My studies provide new insights regarding morphological development of pods. Potential causes of cherelle wilt discussed include insufficient hormonal stimulation and possible epigenetic maternal effects. Further experiments are necessary to determine the role of hormones and genetics in the phenomenon of cherelle wilt.</p>
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Maas, Bea. "Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E77-5.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Cherelle Wilt"
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Melnick, Rachel L. "Cherelle Wilt of Cacao: A Physiological Condition." In Cacao Diseases. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24789-2_15.
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