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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chesapeake Bay Region (Md. and Va.)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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1

Mersmann, Timothy James. "Foraging ecology of bald eagles on the northern Chesapeake Bay with an examination of techniques used in the study of bald eagle food habits." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46051.

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<p>We monitored distribution and abundance of food resources and determined food habits of nonbreeding bald eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) on the northern Chesapeake Bay, as a preliminary step toward examining food-base effects on bald eagle distribution and abundance. To correctly interpret our food habits results, we first examined biases of 2 commonly-used food habits techniques, pellet analysis and food remains collection, through feeding trials with 2 captive bald eagles. Eagles were fed a variety of food items found on the northern Bay. Egested pellet contents and frequency of remains were compared with actual diet. We also examined efficacy of direct observation by observing eagles in high-use foraging areas. We found pellet analysis accurately indicated the species of birds and mammals eaten, but overrepresented medium-sized mammals and underrepresented large carrion in percent occurrence results. Fish were poorly represented in pellets. Eagles rarely produced pellets after eating fish, suggesting that pellet egestion rate, defined as the number of pellets produced per eagle per night, can serve as an index to relative use of birds and mammals. Food remains collection was highly biased toward birds, medium~sized mammals, and large, bony fish. Direct observation was labor intensive and required close proximity of the observer for unbiased identification of food items. Observation may be the only means of documenting eagles' use of small, soft-bodied fish.</p> <p> We used direct observation, pellet analysis, and pellet formation rates to determine bald eagle food habits from December 1986 through April 1988. We monitored fish abundance by gill netting and waterfowl abundance by aerial surveys over this same period. Fish and waterfowl abundance varied reciprocally; waterfowl numbers peaked in winter and fish numbers peaked in spring and late summer. Bald eagles responded to differences in food abundance with diet shifts. Canada geese (<i>Branta canadensis</i>), mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>), and white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) carrion were primary foods from November through February. Cold-stressed gizzard shad (<i>Dorosoma cepedianum</i>) were captured frequently by eagles below a hydroelectric dam on the Susquehanna River in November and December, and also were taken frequently throughout the study area during a winter when ice cover was extensive. Shad were not commonly available during a milder winter. From April through September, bald eagles fed on a variety of fish species, primarily gizzard shad, channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>), Atlantic menhaden (<i>Brevoortia tyrannus</i>), white perch (<i>Morone americana</i>), American eel (<i>Anguilla rosfrata</i>), and yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>). The 4 most commonly consumed fish species also were the most commonly gill netted species. At least 25% of all fish taken were scavenged. Live fish were most abundant at the water's surface in shallow water. Bald eagles' use of live fish reflected this availability; water depth at live fish capture sites was less than at sites where fish of dead or unknown status were taken. Eagles foraged most intensively within 1 hour of sunrise. A second smaller peak in foraging activity was observed in early afternoon.</p><br>Master of Science
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2

Phillips, Spencer R. "Evaluating agricultural pesticide use and risk for the Chesapeake Bay." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41774.

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3

Buehler, David A. "Bald eagle distribution, abundance, roost use and response to human activity on the northern Chesapeake Bay, Maryland." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39794.

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I studied bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) distribution, abundance, roost use and response to human activity on the northern Chesapeake Bay from 1984-89. The eagle population consisted of Chesapeake breeding eagles, Chesapeake nonbreeding eagles, northern-origin eagles and southern-origin eagles; changes in overall eagle distribution and abundance reflected the net changes in these 4 groups. Breeding territories on the northern Chesapeake increased from 12 to 28 from 1984 to 1988. Breeding eagles were resident all year, always ~7 km from the nest. Chesapeake nonbreeding eagles moved throughout most of the bay, but rarely left it (~5% of the radio-tagged eagles were off the bay during any month). Northern eagles migrated into the bay in late fall (x = 21 December! n = 7! range = 61 days) and departed in early spring (x = 27 March, n = 14, range = 43 days). Southern eagles arrived on the northern bay throughout April-August (x = 6 June, n = 11, range = 94 days) and departed from June - October (x = 3 September, n = 22, range = 119 days). Northern Chesapeake eagle abundance peaked twice annually; in winter (261 eagles, December 1987), driven by the presence of northern eagles, and in summer (604 eagles, August 1988), driven by the presence of southern birds. Of 1,117 radio-tagged eagle locations, only 55 (4.90/0) occurred in human-developed habitat, which composed 27.7% of 1,442 km2 of potential eagle habitat on the northern Chesapeake Bay (P < 0.001). During 36 aerial shoreline surveys, eagles were observed on only 111 of 700 (15.9%) 250-m shoreline segments that had development within 100 m, whereas eagles were observed on 312 of 859 (36.30/0) segments when development was absent (P < 0.001). On average, eagles were observed on 1.0 segment/survey that had coincident pedestrian use within 500 m, compared to 3.6 segments/survey expected if eagles and pedestrians were distributed along the shoreline independently (n = 34 surveys, P < 0.001).<br>Ph. D.
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4

Menelik, G. "Leaching and denitrification losses of nitrogen from corn fields as influenced by conventional- and no-till practices in soils of the Chesapeake Bay area." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39944.

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5

Schicho, Douglas Linden. "Monitoring pesticides in the soil, groundwater, and submarine groundwater discharge of the Chesapeake Bay Area." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040652/.

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6

Wolfe, Christopher L. "Biological and physical treatment of crab processing industry wastewaters." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08042009-040526/.

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7

Santopietro, George D. "Evolution of property rights to a natural resource: the oyster grounds of the Chesapeake Bay." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76496.

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Economists take an interest in property rights structures because of their importance in the definition of incentive structures. Fisheries have been analyzed as open access resources because they are not often organized around private property rights. The lack of private property rights though should not be taken to imply unlimited access. There is a need to differentiate between situations in which an institutional structure supports a system of common property rights from those in which access to a resources is truly limited. In this study, a conceptual framework of the structure and workings of property rights to natural resources is developed. This includes a taxonomy of possible property rights structures that differentiates among types and degrees of common and private property. The study then compares and contrasts the differing views in the economics literature on the process by which property rights evolve. This conceptual framework is used to develop a set of research questions that will structure the inquiry about the evolution of property rights to a specific natural resource, the Chesapeake Bay oyster grounds. The conventional and Institutionalist perspectives are related to fishery management policy and their differences assessed. The Institutionalist perspective is shown to raise questions about the historical development of property rights that would not be considered by conventional economists. The resulting research questions are used to explain the economic history of the property rights to the Chesapeake Bay oyster grounds from 1607 to 1986. In Maryland and Virginia certain grounds of the Chesapeake Bay are reserved as a public oyster fishery, but, they have been regulated and managed by the states. In the history of the fishery, those who harvest from the public grounds have continually resisted the extension, or even encouragement of oyster cultivation on private leaseholds. The primary advocates of greater privatization of the bottoms have been economists and biologists. The governments of each state have chosen to maintain the commons in order to provide employment for watermen and to more widely distribute income among them. The results of a survey of Virginia's oyster harvesters are presented. These provide further insights for discussing the role of the watermen in the evolution of property rights, and help to form conclusions on the future of the fishery. This case study leads to the discussion of conclusions on the theory of the economics of property rights.<br>Ph. D.
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8

Hartzell, Jeanne L. "The fate of phosphorus along estuarine salinity gradients." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4505.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.<br>Vita: p. 152. Thesis director: Thomas E. Jordan. Thesis director: Donald P. Kelso. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science and Public Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-151). Also issued in print.
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9

Howerter, David W. "Movements and bioenergetics of canvasbacks wintering in the upper Chesapeake Bay." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41924.

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The movement patterns, range areas and energetics of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) wintering in the upper Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, were investigated. Eighty-seven juvenile female canvasbacks were radio-tracked between 30 December 1988 and 25 March 1989. Diurnal time and energy budgets were constructed for a time of day-season matrix for canvasbacks using riverine and main bay habitats. Canvasbacks were very active at night, making regular and often lengthy crepuscular movements (x = 11.7 km) from near shore habitats during the day to off shore habitats at night. Movement patterns were similar for birds using habitats on the eastern and western shores of the Bay. Canvasbacks had extensive home ranges averaging 14,286 ha, and used an average of 1.97 core areas. Sleeping was the predominant diurnal behavior. Telemetry indicated that canvasbacks actively fed at night. Canvasbacks spent more time in active behaviors (e.g. swimming, alert) on the eastern shore than on the the western shore. Similarly, canvasbacks were more active during daytime hours at locations where artificial feeding occurred. Behavioral patterns were only weakly correlated with weather patterns. Canvasbacks appeared to reduce energy expenditure in mid-winter by reducing distances moved, reducing feeding activities and increasing the amount of time spent sleeping. This pattern was observed even though 1988-89 mid-winter weather conditions were very mild.<br>Master of Science
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10

Dunn, Joshua C. "Historical black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon flux in the Chesapeake Bay watershed." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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11

Ligon, Polly C. "Cleaner water in the Chesapeake Bay: can CRP help?: a case study of the Conservation Reserve Program in Richmond County, Virginia 1985-1989." Master's thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43651.

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<p>The paper examines the 1985 Farm Bill-version of the Conservation ReselVe Program (CRP) as a potential water-quality improvement tool in the Chesapeake Bay region of Virginia. Participation levels. bidding behavior. land use options and other conditions in Richmond county. a predominantly agricultural county in Virginia's Northern Neck region. were analyzed.</p><br>Master of Science
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12

Rosenzweig, Michael S. "On the life history, systematics and ecology of Ruppia maritima L. (Potamogetonaceae) in lower Chesapeake Bay." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29355.

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13

Blechschmidt, Lara C. "Environmental ethics and the oyster of the Chesapeake Bay." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10062009-020010/.

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14

Rhodes, Walter E. "Habitat use by juvenile female canvasbacks wintering on the upper Chesapeake Bay." Thesis, This resource online, 1989. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040719/.

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15

DeLong, Don Clifton. "Effects of food on bald eagle distribution and abundance on the northern Chesapeake Bay: an experimental approach." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41925.

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16

Chandler, Sheri Kay. "The influence of perch tree distribution and abundance on bald eagle distribution on the northern Chesapeake Bay, Maryland." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122009-040456/.

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17

Burgess, Maureen Rush. "The cup of ruin and desolation seventeenth-century witchcraft in the Chesapeake /." Thesis, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=775162921&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233782239&clientId=23440.

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