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Journal articles on the topic 'Chicken breeds'
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1
Yu-Shi, Gao, Tu Yun-Jie, Tong Hai-Bing, Wang Ke-Hua, and Chen Kuan-Wei. "AFLP fingerprinting analysis of genetic polymorphism of 12 indigenous chicken breeds." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 4, no. 1 (April 2007): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479236207001234.
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AbstractA total of six amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations were used to detect genetic variation of pooled DNA in a sample of 12 chicken breeds indigenous to China, and AFLP DNA fingerprinting of each chicken breed was constructed. Polymorphic bands, specific bands and genetic similarity coefficients of 12 chicken breeds were calculated from AFLP data. A total of 279 polymorphic bands were generated by the six primer combinations, giving, on average, 46.5 polymorphic markers detected per primer combination. Nine specific bands were produced in the pooled DNA of Jiuyuan black and Dongxiang black chickens. However, one specific band was produced in the pooled DNA of Wenchang and Xingyi bantam chickens. An unweighted-pair-group method using average linkages (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed that the 12 chicken breeds could be divided into three groups. Genetic similarity coefficients and the UPGMA tree of the 12 chicken breeds were consistent with their breeding history as well as their geographical distribution. Based on AFLP DNA fingerprinting, genetic diversity, genetic relationship and identification of chicken breeds can be analysed.
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Yin, Chun Guang, Ding Guo Cao, and Li Xin Du. "Mx Gene Polymorphism in Part Region of Eight Local Chicken Breeds." Applied Mechanics and Materials 108 (October 2011): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.108.297.
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In the study, theMxgene promoter, exon 1, exon 2, and exon 14 and intron 13 in eight Chinese local chicken breeds were examined. Amino acid 631 in the GED region was tested in eight Chinese local chicken breeds and two exotic breeds. The frequency of allele A was 0.1259 and the frequency of allele G was 0.8741. Meanwhile, induction of expression of theMxgene in chicken embryo fibroblasts was analyzed in the local chicken breed, Beijing-you and the exotic breed, White Leghorn.The semi-quantitative and quantitative results showed that the expression of theMxgene in White Leghorn was significantly different under different induction conditions. There was also a difference in the genotypic distribution of S631N in two breeds: allele A/G was 0.8471/0.1529 and 0.1613/0.8387 in White Leghorn and Beijing-you chickens, respectively. We speculate that the difference in the genotypic distribution has an effect onMxgene expression.
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Nematbakhsh, Sara, Jinap Selamat, Lokman Hakim Idris, and Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis. "Chicken Authentication and Discrimination via Live Weight, Body Size, Carcass Traits, and Breast Muscle Fat Content Clustering as Affected by Breed and Sex Varieties in Malaysia." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071575.
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Nowadays, the high demand for village chickens in Malaysia leads to the fraudulent substitution of indigenous chickens with other cheaper counterparts. Discriminating different chicken breeds based on their phenotypic characteristics is one strategy to avoid chicken adulteration. The main objective of this study was to authenticate and group dominant chicken breeds in Malaysia, including commercial chickens (Cobb, Hubbard, DeKalb) and cross-bred village chickens (Ayam Kampung, Akar Putra). The further discrimination of village chickens from underaged colored broilers (UCBs) (Hubbard, Sasso) was performed based on phenotype traits. The results showed that the breed had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on phenotypic characteristics, while the sex effect was not significant for some characteristics. In the first phase, the most remarkable discriminating factors were abdominal fat weight, breast muscle weight, chest circumference, shank length, and wingspan. However, in the second phase, notable variations in phenotypic characteristics between village chickens and UCBs were not detected. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the successful separation of village chickens from high-performance breeds (broiler and colored broiler). Nevertheless, there was overlap among observations for Sasso and village chickens, which approved the possible similarities in their phenotypic characteristics. This study showed clear breed clustering, which leads to the chicken authentication based on their phenotypic characteristics.
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Sartika, Tike, Ferdy Saputra, and Hideaki Takahashi. "Genetic Diversity of Eight Native Indonesian Chicken Breeds on Microsatellite Markers." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 30, no. 1 (August 29, 2022): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.1.122-130.
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Indonesia has diversity in native chickens based on phenotypes. This diversity is utilized for economic purposes such as meat, eggs, fancy, crowing, and fighting. This study aimed to determine the genetic structure of eight native Indonesian chicken breeds with microsatellite markers, the genetic distance, and inbreeding coefficient of each breed of chicken used for crossbreeding programs to obtain a positive heterosis effect for selection programs. The samples used were Arab, Merawang, Pelung, Sentul, Cemani, KUB, Black Kedu and White Kedu. Broiler chickens (Cobb) were used as the outgroup in this study. A total of 192 DNA samples from eight breeds were used in this study. A total of 24 microsatellite markers were used in this study to observe the genetic diversity of 8 native breeds. The POPGENE, Cervus, and FSTAT were used to generate the observed number of alleles, the effective number of alleles, observed heterozygosity value, expected heterozygosity value, the heterozygote deficit within the breed (FIS), gene flow (Nm), Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, Polymorphism Information Content (PIC), and UPGMA tree. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using adegenet package of R software. Bayesian clustering assignments were analyzed using the STRUCTURE program. This study revealed a very close genetic relationship between seven native chickens and broilers. We also found Arab chickens separated from other Indonesian native chickens and no inbreeding in eight native Indonesian chicken breeds. In conclusion, we found two clusters among eight native Indonesian chicken breeds. Twenty microsatellite markers have a high PIC value in this study.
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Kuma, Berhanu, and Girma Gata. "Determinants of Rural Households’ Poultry Chicken Breeds Choice in Wolaita, Ethiopia." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (January 9, 2022): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/121056.
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To achieve increased productivity in poultry chicken, households’ choice of poultry chicken breeds should be maintained according to their desirability. This study aimed at identifying determinants of rural households’ choice of poultry chicken breeds keeping in Wolaita, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling techniques were used. First, Damot Pulasa district was selected purposively because of high poultry production potential, and then simple random sampling technique was used to select five kebeles and at third stage systematic random sampling was used to select 160 rural households. Data were collected through interview schedule and analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric regression. Result showed that 54.37% of households owned indigenous poultry chicken breed, 38% owned exotic poultry chicken breeds and 7.63% owned both indigenous and exotic poultry chicken breeds. Households attached socioeconomic, demographic and institutional factors and breed related traits to their poultry chicken breed choices. Indigenous chicken breeds were preferred in mothering ability, disease resistance, scavenging ability; taste of meat and egg traits whereas exotic poultry chicken breeds were preferred for growth rate, productivity and total eggs laid per chicken per year. In addition, Multinomial Logit model result indicated that age and education level of household head determined poultry chicken breed choice. To be effective and efficient any poultry chicken breed promotion effort in the future should consider these particular preferences of households.
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Zhang, Zeng-Rong, Xiao-Song Jiang, Hua-Rui Du, Xiao-Cheng Li, Qing Zhu, and Yi-Ping Liu. "Tissue-Specific Expression of the Chicken Calpain2 Gene." Molecular Biology International 2010 (August 2, 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/373241.
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We quantified chicken calpain 2 (CAPN2) expression in two Chinese chicken breeds (mountainous black-bone chicken breed [MB] and a commercial meat type chicken breed [S01]) to discern the tissue and ontogenic expression pattern and its effect on muscle metabolism. Real-time quantitative PCR assay was developed for accurate measurement of the CAPN2 mRNA expression in various tissues from chickens of different ages (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks). Results showed that the breast muscle and leg muscle tissues had the highest expression of CAPN2 compared to the other tissues from the same individual (P<.05). Overall, the CAPN2 mRNA level exhibited a “rise” developmental change in all tissues. The S01 chicken had a higher expression of the CAPN2 mRNA in all tissues than the MB chicken. Our results suggest that chicken CAPN2 expression may be related to chicken breeds and tissues.
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Porimau, Julius, Bercomien J. Papilaya, Muhammad J. Wattiheluw, and Rajab Rajab. "PERFORMA BEBERAPA GALUR AYAM LOKAL FASE GROWER YANG DIPELIHARA PADA TIPE LANTAI KANDANG BERBEDA." Agrinimal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Tanaman 9, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ajitt.2021.9.2.101-108.
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This research aims was to know effect of the interaction between breed and cage floor type factors on the performance of native chickens. The materials used in this study were three breeds of native chickens on grower phase with total number of 72 tails of chicken, an average age was 8 weeks, and an average live body weight was 408.98 grams. The research method used was factorial completely randomized design 3 x 2 x 4. Breeds factor consisting of G1 = Arabian chicken; G2 = Kampung Super, and G3 = Kampong chicken. While the factor of the floor type of cage consists of both L1 = slat floor and L2 = litter floor. Thus there are 6 treatment combinations, each combination treatment were repeated 4 times and each replication consists of 3 chickens, so there are 72 chickens as the unit of observation. The variables observed included feed consumption, drinking water consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion. The results showed that the interaction between grooves and floor types were not significantly different for all observed variables. Chicken breeds showed significant differences in feed consumption, but did not provide for water consumption, average daily gain and feed conversion. Different cage floors showed the significant difference to feed consumption and drinking water consumption, but there was not significantly different on avegrage daily gain and feed convertion of three breeds of native chicken.
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Porimau, Julius, Bercomien J. Papilaya, Muhammad J. Wattiheluw, and Rajab Rajab. "PERFORMA BEBERAPA GALUR AYAM LOKAL FASE GROWER YANG DIPELIHARA PADA TIPE LANTAI KANDANG BERBEDA." Agrinimal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Tanaman 9, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ajitt.2021.9.2.101-108.
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This research aims was to know effect of the interaction between breed and cage floor type factors on the performance of native chickens. The materials used in this study were three breeds of native chickens on grower phase with total number of 72 tails of chicken, an average age was 8 weeks, and an average live body weight was 408.98 grams. The research method used was factorial completely randomized design 3 x 2 x 4. Breeds factor consisting of G1 = Arabian chicken; G2 = Kampung Super, and G3 = Kampong chicken. While the factor of the floor type of cage consists of both L1 = slat floor and L2 = litter floor. Thus there are 6 treatment combinations, each combination treatment were repeated 4 times and each replication consists of 3 chickens, so there are 72 chickens as the unit of observation. The variables observed included feed consumption, drinking water consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion. The results showed that the interaction between grooves and floor types were not significantly different for all observed variables. Chicken breeds showed significant differences in feed consumption, but did not provide for water consumption, average daily gain and feed conversion. Different cage floors showed the significant difference to feed consumption and drinking water consumption, but there was not significantly different on avegrage daily gain and feed convertion of three breeds of native chicken.
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Pavlovski, Z., Z. Skrbic, N. Stanisic, S. Lilic, B. Hengl, M. Lukic, and V. Petricevic. "Differences in fatty acid composition of meat between naked neck and two commercial broiler chicken breeds." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, no. 3 (2013): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1303467p.
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Chicken meat from intensive broiler production have different quality compared with meat from native chicken breeds and chicken from a free range production system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in fatty acids content of meat of Naked Neck chickens rared in free range system and two commercial broiler breeds (Cobb 308 and Hybro G+) reared in conventional production system. The trial involved 100 chickens per group. Fattening period lasted 42 days for conventional system and 84 days for free range system. Breast meat of Naked Neck chicken had statistically more 16:0 content compared with Cobb 308 (p?0.05), where in thigh meat the highest content of 16:0 was determined in Hybro G+ breed. Differences for fatty acids composition of breast meat between breeds were also established for 14:0, 17:0, 18:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2, 20:2, 22:1 and 22:5 fatty acid. The Naked Neck group showed the highest (p?0.05) percentage of SFA and the Cobb 308 showed the lowest in breast meat. Thigh SFA were also significantly different (p?0.05) between breeds, where Naked Neck chickens had the lowest and Hybro G+ the highest values. Breast MUFA were higher in Hybro G+ than in Naked Neck or Cobb 308 chickens, and thigh MUFA content had opposite trend and it was the lowest in Hybro G+ chicken. In conclusion, free ranged Naked Neck chickens have been shown to have significant different fatty acid composition compared with broiler chickens reared in conventional system.
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Abdi - Soojeede, Mohamed Ibrahim. "Common Somali Indigenous Chicken Breeds, in Mogadishu, Somalia." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 4 (July 5, 2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.2.4.46.
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The main aim of this report is to determine the phenotypic characteristics of Somali indigenous chickens. This research is the initial stage toward a future initiative to differentiate and improve Somali local chicken breeds. There are several indigenous and exotic chicken breeds in Somalia, as well as many other hybrids of chicken; however, this study focused on indigenous breeds that differ in body form, colors, comb type, and capacity to adapt to a given environment in Somalia. The five main indigenous chicken breeds in Somalia. The first indigenous chicken (IC) is Dooro Tiyeglow (Tiyeglow chicken), they have well adapted mostly to agro-pastoral communities’ regions like Bakool region and it has a remarkable beard feather, it also has a single upright comb broad. The second (IC), is Qoordiir (Naked Neck chicken), which is indigenous chicken mostly they have some tassel in the front part of its neck. The prominent plumage color is white and red stripes or red with white strips. Third (IC), is Dooro Jarray (Somali short chicken), this chicken is part of an eco-friendly chicken and is well-known for its small body size. And the common feature of this chicken is black shanks or gray-black shanks. Fourth (IC) is Dooro Buuftoy (Ovambo chickens), this chicken is considered to be smaller in size than exotic chickens, yet it comes in black and red colors. This has a strong personality and is very aggressive. The Fifth (IC) is Dooro Sawahili (Swahili chicken) this chicken is an exotic species that interbreed many local chickens, comes from many angles, has a huge body frame, and is good in egg production. The recommendation of this study is to undertake a government policy to encourage the conservation of Somalia's indigenous chicken breeds in order to prevent extinction and to make development and improvement of local chickens.
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Tunim, Supanon, Yupin Phasuk, Samuel E. Aggrey, and Monchai Duangjinda. "Increasing Fat Deposition Via Upregulates the Transcription of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Native Crossbred Chickens." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010090.
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This study aimed to study the role of PPARs on fat deposition in native crossbred chicken. We studied the growth, abdominal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular fat, and mRNA expression of PPARA and PPARG in adipose and muscle tissues of four chicken breeds (CH breed (100% Thai native chicken), KM1 (50% CH background), KM2 (25% CH background), and broiler (BR)). The result shows that the BR chickens had higher abdominal fat than other breeds (p < 0.05) and the KM2 had an abdominal fat percentage higher than KM1 and CH respectively (p < 0.05). The intramuscular fat of BR was greater than KM1 and CH (p < 0.05). In adipose tissue, PPARA expression was different among the chicken breeds. However, there were breed differences in PPARG expression. Study of abdominal fat PPARG expression showed the BR breed, KM1, and KM2 breed significantly greater (p < 0.05) than CH. In 8 to 12 weeks of age, the PPARG expression of the CH breed is less than (p < 0.05) KM2. Crossbreeding improved the growth of the Thai native breed, there was also a corresponding increase in carcass fatness. However, there appears to be a relationship between PPARG expression and fat deposition traits. therefore, PPARG activity hypothesized to plays a key role in lipid accumulation by up-regulation.
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Barreto Sánchez, Astrid Lissette, Qiao Wang, Mamadou Thiam, Zixuan Wang, Jin Zhang, Qi Zhang, Na Zhang, Qinghe Li, Jie Wen, and Guiping Zhao. "Liver Transcriptome Response to Heat Stress in Beijing You Chickens and Guang Ming Broilers." Genes 13, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13030416.
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Heat stress is one of the most prevalent issues in poultry production that reduces performance, robustness, and economic gains. Previous studies have demonstrated that native chickens are more tolerant of heat than commercial breeds. However, the underlying mechanisms of the heat tolerance observed in native chicken breeds remain unelucidated. Therefore, we performed a phenotypical, physiological, liver transcriptome comparative analysis and WGCNA in response to heat stress in one native (Beijing You, BY) and one commercial (Guang Ming, GM) chicken breed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the heat tolerance and identify the potential driver and hub genes related to heat stress in these two genetically distinct chicken breeds. In brief, 80 BY and 60 GM, 21 days old chickens were submitted to a heat stress experiment for 5 days (33 °C, 8 h/day). Each breed was divided into experimental groups of control (Ctl) and heat stress (HS). The results showed that BY chickens were less affected by heat stress and displayed reduced DEGs than GM chickens, 365 DEGs and 382 DEGs, respectively. The transcriptome analysis showed that BY chickens exhibited enriched pathways related to metabolism activity, meanwhile GM chickens’ pathways were related to inflammatory reactions. CPT1A and ANGPTL4 for BY chickens, and HSP90B1 and HSPA5 for GM chickens were identified as potential candidate genes associated with HS. The WGCNA revealed TLR7, AR, BAG3 genes as hub genes, which could play an important role in HS. The results generated in this study provide valuable resources for studying liver transcriptome in response to heat stress in native and commercial chicken lines.
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Escobedo del Bosque, Cynthia I., Gesa Busch, Achim Spiller, and Antje Risius. "My Meat Does Not Have Feathers: Consumers’ Associations with Pictures of Different Chicken Breeds." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 33, no. 3-6 (November 18, 2020): 505–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-020-09836-x.
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AbstractThe use of traditional chicken breeds with a dual purpose (egg and meat production) has become a relevant topic in Germany mainly due to animal welfare concerns and the importance of conserving genetic variability in poultry farming. However, consumers have little knowledge about the different chicken breeds used in the industry; making it challenging to communicate traditional breeds and their advantages to consumers. Hence, this study takes the approach to look at consumers’ perceptions of different breeds. We analyze consumers’ evaluations of pictures showing four dual-purpose chicken breeds. First, an eye-tracking study (n = 24) and think-aloud protocols (n = 28) were used to obtain open associations consumers make with each breed. Based on the results, an online survey was conducted (n = 933) to quantify consumers associations with different breeds and consumers’ interest in meat products with animal pictures on the packaging. Results show that consumers’ attention to pictures of chickens is mostly focused on their body and head, particularly with the Vorwerkhuhn. Consumers associate white breeds to white egg and meat production, while brown breeds are associated to brown egg production. Only a smaller segment of consumers (32%; n = 292), who are more engaged to animal welfare, accept pictures of animals on meat packages. We conclude that the marketing of meat products of traditional chicken breeds by using pictures is not a useful approach for the mass market. However, within smaller market concepts, such pictures can be used to communicate an alternative chicken meat production system that may lead to purchases of traditional dual-purpose breeds.
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Hata, Ayano, Atsushi Takenouchi, Keiji Kinoshita, Momomi Hirokawa, Takeshi Igawa, Mitsuo Nunome, Takayuki Suzuki, and Masaoki Tsudzuki. "Geographic Origin and Genetic Characteristics of Japanese Indigenous Chickens Inferred from Mitochondrial D-Loop Region and Microsatellite DNA Markers." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112074.
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Japanese indigenous chickens have a long breeding history, possibly beginning 2000 years ago. Genetic characterization of Japanese indigenous chickens has been performed using mitochondrial D-loop region and microsatellite DNA markers. Their phylogenetic relationships with chickens worldwide and genetic variation within breeds have not yet been examined. In this study, the genetic characteristics of 38 Japanese indigenous chicken breeds were assessed by phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial D-loop sequences compared with those of indigenous chicken breeds overseas. To evaluate the genetic relationships among Japanese indigenous chicken breeds, a STRUCTURE analysis was conducted using 27 microsatellite DNA markers. D-loop sequences of Japanese indigenous chickens were classified into five major haplogroups, A–E, among 15 haplogroups found in chickens worldwide. The haplogroup composition suggested that Japanese indigenous chickens originated mainly from China, with some originating from Southeast Asia. The STRUCTURE analyses revealed that Japanese indigenous chickens are genetically differentiated from chickens overseas; Japanese indigenous chicken breeds possess distinctive genetic characteristics, and Jidori breeds, which have been reared in various regions of Japan for a long time, are genetically close to each other. These results provide new insights into the history of chickens around Asia in addition to novel genetic data for the conservation of Japanese indigenous chickens.
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SANDA, Adeyinka, Martha BEMJI, Mathew WHETO, Abimbola OSO, Mofoyeke SANDA, and Olajide OLOWOFESO. "Ghrelin (GHRL) Gene Polymorphism and its Association with Growth and Body Size Parameters in Three Nigerian Chicken Breeds." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 78, no. 1 (May 14, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:2020.0019.
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This study was conducted to identify ghrelin (GHRL) gene polymorphism within exons 2 and 3 in three chicken breeds and to determine its association with growth and linear body measurements. Three hundred one-day-old chicks comprising 100 each of three chicken breeds (FUNAAB Alpha, Noiler and Shika Brown) were used for the research and were raised for eighteen weeks. Fifty birds per breed were sampled for blood collection and Genomic DNA was extracted using Zymo miniprep kit. DNA was amplified and PCR products digested with Eco72I restriction enzyme. Growth data were analysed using Generalized Linear Model of SAS. Noiler had the highest (P <0.05) growth traits from 10 to 18 weeks among studied breeds. GHRL gene polymorphism had no significant (P >0.05) effect on growth traits. However, interaction between GHRL gene polymorphism and chicken breeds revealed that Noiler chickens AA and AB had the best (P <0.05) productive performance from 2 to 18 weeks.
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Bao, W. B., J. T. Shu, X. S. Wu, H. H. Musa, C. L. Ji, and G. H. Chen. "Genetic diversity and relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance in 14 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and red jungle fowl." Czech Journal of Animal Science 54, No. 2 (February 18, 2009): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1666-cjas.
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Genetic diversity and the relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance in red jungle fowl and 14 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds were evaluated using 29 microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 25 and the average expected heterozygosity and PIC of all loci were 0.6683 and 0.50, respectively. The average number of alleles per locus ranged from 3.41 in Gushi chicken breed to 6.28 in Wannan Three-yellow chicken breed. The overall expected heterozygosity of 15 Chinese chicken breeds was 0.6686 ± 0.0254 and all breeds showed relatively large heterozygosity. The average of genetic differentiation among populations was 16.4% (<I>P</I> < 0.001). Red jungle fowl and Gushi chicken had distant genetic relationship from other breeds, while Huainan Partridge and Tibetan chicken were more closely related with other breeds. The results did not provide enough support for a significant correlation between the genetic and geographical pair-wise distances.
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Dementeva, Natalia, Mitrofanova V. Olga, Silyukova L. Yulia, Stanishevskaya I. Olga, Larkina A. Tatyana, Fedorova S. Elena, Vachrameev B. Anatoliy’, et al. "PSVIII-14 Genetic change in QTLs related with nutritional value of egg in small scaled chicken populations." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.550.
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Abstract Commercial breeds of chickens are staying under strong selection pressure on increasing of production level. Meanwhile aboriginal breeds are conserving unique adaptation traits, helping them to survive in severe climate. Local breeds combining high resistance, but lower productivity traits are widely kept in smallholders of developing countries. Improving of egg traits in such breeds should be done by selection, not crossing with commercial breeds. Aim of our studies was genetic change of QTL loci linked with yolk size (YS) and egg mass (EM) in resource chicken breeds. Studies were done using 293 samples from Pushkin, Rhode-Island, Amroks, Chinese Silk, Yurlow crawl and Russian White (RW) breeds kept in RRIFAGB Collective Use Centre ‘Genetic Collection of Rare and Endangered Chicken Breeds. EM was recorded in age of 30 weeks. YS was evaluated using ultra sound scanner. Genotyping was performed using illumina 60K Chicken Bead Chip. GWAS studies were performed on RW breed. Sufficient associations of EM were found on chromosome 4 (rs14201361, P < 1.6e-5 & GGaluGA152718, P < 3.3e-5). Correlation of YS and EM were calculated within breeds, difference were from 0.29 to 0.65. Haploblocks were analyzed in QTL region on chromosome 11 linked with YS. Due to selection and genetic drift different haplotype blocks were formed in breeds having different YS. Shown results could be used for improving egg traits in aboriginal domestic breeds. Studies were founded by RFFI project 18-016-00114 A.
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Atehmengo Ngongeh, Lucas, Amaechi Onyeabor, Emeka Nzenwata, and Gurama Kansalem Samson. "Comparative Response of the Nigerian Indigenous and Broiler Chickens to a Field Caecal Isolate of Eimeria Oocysts." Journal of Pathogens 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2674078.
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Response of Nigerian indigenous (local) and broiler chickens to experimental Eimeria infections was investigated by measures of clinical signs, packed cell volume (PCV), body weights (BW), feed consumption, faecal oocyst counts (oocyst per gram), and microscopic intestinal lesions. Three-week-old chickens of each breed received single pulse infections with 2500, 5000, and 100.000 sporulated Eimeria oocysts. Infected birds were dull and passed bloody diarrhoea. OPG showed a dose related response but no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). OPG was significantly higher in local chickens (P<0.05) and varied significantly with time (P<0.05). PCV declined significantly in infected birds within breeds and groups (P<0.05); however, the decline in PCV was significantly greater in broilers (P<0.05). Both breeds had significant BW gains (P<0.05). BW gain varied between groups being significantly higher in the uninfected control broilers than in the infected broilers (P<0.05). Comparatively, broilers gained significantly more BW than their local counterparts (P<0.05). Feed intake increased significantly with time (P<0.05) in both breeds. The Eimeria isolate was pathogenic to both breeds of chicken although clinical signs and lesions were more severe in indigenous chickens suggesting the breed’s more susceptibility.
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Araújo de Carvalho, Débora, Amparo Martínez Martínez, Inês Carolino, Maria Claudene Barros, María Esperanza Camacho Vallejo, Fátima Santos-Silva, Marcos Jacob de Oliveira Almeida, Nuno Carolino, Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo, and José Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento. "Diversity and Genetic Relationship of Free-Range Chickens from the Northeast Region of Brazil." Animals 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101857.
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In this study, we aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity within and among chicken breeds from the northeast region of Brazil (states of Bahia and Piauí) using microsatellite markers. In addition, we assessed the identity and genetic relationships of chickens from Europe, Africa, and South America, as well as their influence on the formation of the Brazilian breeds. A total of 25 microsatellite markers and a panel containing 886 samples from 20 breeds (including the Brazilian chickens) were used in this study. Different statistical parameters were used to estimate the genetic diversity and relationship among the genetic groups studied. Our study indicates that the Brazilian Creole chickens have high genetic variability. The results show that chickens reared in the states of Bahia and Piauí could have originated from different ancestors. The Brazilian breeds studied have an evolutionary relationship with chickens from Portugal, Nigeria, Chile, and Spain. Our results will contribute directly to the conservation and recognition of Brazilian Creole chicken breeds and provide a solid basis for the demonstration of their genetic identity and genetic conservation of American Creole chicken populations.
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Yan, Chao, Jinlong Xiao, Di Chen, Simon P. Turner, Zhiwei Li, Hao Liu, Wen Liu, Jian Liu, Siyu Chen, and Xingbo Zhao. "Feed Restriction Induced Changes in Behavior, Corticosterone, and Microbial Programming in Slow- and Fast-Growing Chicken Breeds." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010141.
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This study aimed to explore the difference between two Chinese local broilers, one slow- and one fast-growing, in their response to a stress challenge. We conducted the study on slow- (Weining chicken) and fast-growing (Jinlinghua chicken) breeds, with 50 chickens from each breed either feed restricted to 70% for 30 days as a stress or given ad libitum to evaluate the effects on behavior, corticosterone, and microbial programming. Standing behavior was more frequent while exploration was less common in fast-growing breeds compared to slow-growing breeds. Food seeking and ingestion, exploration, and drinking increased, while resting decreased in the feed restricted treatments. There was no difference in corticosterone concentration between slow- and fast-growing chickens, but the level was affected by feeding treatments, and the interaction of breed and feed restriction. At the genus-level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus was higher, while Cloacibacillus and Megasphaera was lower in the slow-growing breed compared to the fast-growing breed. Feed restricted birds had a higher abundance of Mucispirillum, but lower abundance of Cloacibacillus, Clostridium XlVa and Clostridium IV. In conclusion, feed restriction to 70% for 30 days as a chronic stress stimulation caused more activity, elevated the stress response, and altered gut microbiota composition, but some changes were only evident in slow- or fast-growing chickens.
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Yan, Chao, Jinlong Xiao, Di Chen, Simon P. Turner, Zhiwei Li, Hao Liu, Wen Liu, Jian Liu, Siyu Chen, and Xingbo Zhao. "Feed Restriction Induced Changes in Behavior, Corticosterone, and Microbial Programming in Slow- and Fast-Growing Chicken Breeds." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010141.
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This study aimed to explore the difference between two Chinese local broilers, one slow- and one fast-growing, in their response to a stress challenge. We conducted the study on slow- (Weining chicken) and fast-growing (Jinlinghua chicken) breeds, with 50 chickens from each breed either feed restricted to 70% for 30 days as a stress or given ad libitum to evaluate the effects on behavior, corticosterone, and microbial programming. Standing behavior was more frequent while exploration was less common in fast-growing breeds compared to slow-growing breeds. Food seeking and ingestion, exploration, and drinking increased, while resting decreased in the feed restricted treatments. There was no difference in corticosterone concentration between slow- and fast-growing chickens, but the level was affected by feeding treatments, and the interaction of breed and feed restriction. At the genus-level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus was higher, while Cloacibacillus and Megasphaera was lower in the slow-growing breed compared to the fast-growing breed. Feed restricted birds had a higher abundance of Mucispirillum, but lower abundance of Cloacibacillus, Clostridium XlVa and Clostridium IV. In conclusion, feed restriction to 70% for 30 days as a chronic stress stimulation caused more activity, elevated the stress response, and altered gut microbiota composition, but some changes were only evident in slow- or fast-growing chickens.
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Khumpeerawat, Panuwat, Monchai Duangjinda, and Yupin Phasuk. "Carnosine Content and Its Association with Carnosine-Related Gene Expression in Breast Meat of Thai Native and Black-Bone Chicken." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11071987.
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This study aimed to investigate the carnosine content and ATP-grasp domain-containing protein 1 (CARNS1) gene expression and their relationship with breast meat of Black Chinese (BC), KU-Phuparn (KP), Pradu Hang Dam (PD), and Black Chinese × Pradu Hang Dam (Sri Mok: SM) to aid in the selection and mating programs for developing functional meat in Thai chicken populations. The results show that the carnosine content in each breed and breed group varied from 428.08 to 553.93 mg/100 g, whereas the relative expression of CARNS1 ranged from 0.84 to 1.56. The BC and KP chicken breeds had a higher carnosine content (p < 0.01) and higher CARNS1 expression level (p < 0.05) than the SM and PD chicken breeds. The carnosine content and relative gene expression for each age ranged from 423.02 to 577.83 mg/100 g and 0.68 to 1.83, respectively. At 4 weeks of age, the carnosine content (p < 0.01) and gene expression (p < 0.05) were the highest. However, they decreased as chicken age increased further. The carnosine content and gene expression linearly decreased as chicken age increased (p < 0.01). The correlation coefficient between the level of gene expression and carnosine content was moderately positive. The results from this study showed that different breeds and ages of chickens have different amounts of carnosine, and CARNS1 could act as a biomarker to study marker-assisted selection to improve functional meat in the chicken population in Thailand.
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Dementieva, Natalia V., Yuri S. Shcherbakov, Olga V. Mitrofanova, Anatoly B. Vakhrameev, and Vadim K. Khlestkin. "Analysis of the accumulation of homozygosity regions in chickens of the Pushkin breed using data from whole genome genotyping." Ecological genetics 20, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen105942.
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BACKGROUND: The search for genetic factors influencing the formation of the productive qualities of new breeding forms and populations of chickens is an important direction in the study of animal genomes. The knowledge gained can be in demand in projects to create modern domestic highly productive poultry lines.
AIM: To conduct a comparative analysis of the localization of homozygous regions on chicken chromosomes in representatives of four breeds from the Genetic Collection of Rare and Endangered Breeds of Chickens to identify traces of selection and search for genes associated with productive traits.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the bioinformatic analysis of 42275 SNP markers identified using the Illumina Chicken 60K SNP iSelect BeadChip microchip, data were obtained on the distribution of homozygous regions of four populations of chickens at the Genetic Collection of Rare and Endangered Breeds of Chickens (VNIIGRZH, St. Petersburg): Pushkinskaya (n = 20), Cornish (n = 22), Black-and-White Australorp (n = 20), Russian White (n = 23).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In chickens of the Pushkin breed, the observed heterozygosity was 0.372 0.004, which is higher than in other populations. According to the inbreeding index, based on the analysis of homozygous regions, the maximum level was found in Cornish chickens. For the Pushkin breed, the accumulation of homozygous regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 8 was noted. The genes annotated in these loci are evidence of intensive selection.
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Selamat, Jinap, Nur A. N. M. Zaidy, Nur S. Zakaria, Nurul H. Juhari, and Suganya Murugesu. "Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Sensory Attributes of Four Different Chicken Breeds from the Genuine and Selected Local Market." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (April 13, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1419937.
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Village chicken is known as a high-quality product perception and sold at high prices. However, the authenticity of village chicken is doubted because colored chicken has been claimed as village chicken to fraud the consumers and to gain high profit. No stringent strategy has been implemented by the local authority on the authenticity of the claimed village chickens. Thus, the study aimed to determine the meat quality of different chicken breeds including village chicken, broiler chicken (Cobb), colored chicken (Hubbard), and layer chicken from genuine suppliers and chickens sold at different local markets based on the physicochemical characterization, textural properties, and sensory evaluation. Chicken breeds were obtained from genuine suppliers and slaughtered at the slaughtering house Universiti Putra Malaysia. Proximate composition, color, and textural properties were evaluated. Minitab-19 and SIMCA-13 software were used to analyze the results, applying analysis of variance and partial least squares discriminant analysis, respectively. The study revealed that some of the market-supplied chickens were not authentic based on the features studied. About 20% of market village chickens had possessed similar results as the control village chicken. It can be shown that 80% of the claimed village chicken sold in the market was not authentic village chicken. This study showed the differentiation in texture composition such as chewiness, hardness, gumminess, cohesiveness, resilience, and springiness, followed by protein content, ash content, and a ∗ and b ∗ values as an indicator to differentiate the authenticity of different chicken breeds.
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Herrera-Castillo, Carlos Manuel, Madeleine Geiger, Daniel Núñez-León, Hiroshi Nagashima, Sabine Gebhardt-Henrich, Michael Toscano, and Marcelo R. Sanchez-Villagra. "Skeletal variation in bird domestication: limb proportions and sternum in chicken, with comparisons to mallard ducks and Muscovy ducks." PeerJ 10 (April 27, 2022): e13229. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13229.
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Background Domestication, including selective breeding, can lead to morphological changes of biomechanical relevance. In birds, limb proportions and sternum characteristics are of great importance and have been studied in the past for their relation with flight, terrestrial locomotion and animal welfare. In this work we studied the effects of domestication and breed formation in limb proportions and sternum characteristics in chicken (Gallus gallus), mallard ducks (Anas plathyrhynchos) and Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata). Methods First, we quantified the proportional length of three long bones of the forelimb (humerus, radius, and carpometacarpus) and the hind limb (femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus) in domestic chickens, mallard ducks, and Muscovy ducks and their wild counterparts. For this, we took linear measurements of these bones and compared their proportions in the wild vs. the domestic group in each species. In chicken, these comparisons could also be conducted among different breeds. We then evaluated the proportional differences in the context of static and ontogenetic allometry. Further, we compared discrete sternum characteristics in red jungle fowl and chicken breeds. In total, we examined limb bones of 287 specimens and keel bones of 63 specimens. Results We found a lack of significant change in the proportions of limb bones of chicken and Muscovy duck due to domestication, but significant differences in the case of mallard ducks. Variation of evolvability, allometric scaling, and heterochrony may serve to describe some of the patterns of change we report. Flight capacity loss in mallard ducks resulting from domestication may have a relation with the difference in limb proportions. The lack of variation in proportions that could distinguish domestic from wild forms of chicken and Muscovy ducks may reflect no selection for flight capacity during the domestication process in these groups. In chicken, some of the differences identified in the traits discussed are breed-dependent. The study of the sternum revealed that the condition of crooked keel was not unique to domestic chicken, that some sternal characteristics were more frequent in certain chicken breeds than in others, and that overall there were no keel characteristics that are unique for certain chicken breeds. Despite some similar morphological changes identified across species, this study highlights the lack of universal patterns in domestication and breed formation.
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Mugiyono, Sigit, Dadang Mulyadi Saleh, and Sukardi Sukardi. "Reproductive Performance of Various Breeds of Sentul Chicken." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 17, no. 3 (September 11, 2015): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.anprod.2015.17.3.512.
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This study was conducted to determine the reproductive performance of various breeds of Sentul chicken. The present research was assigned in an experimental model with a completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 breeds of Sentul chicken were created as treatments, namely Abu Sentul chicken = SA; Batu Sentul Chicken=SB; Emas Sentul Chicken=SE; Debu Sentul Chicken=SD; and Geni Sentul Chicken=SG. Each treatment was repeated 5 times with 4 females and 1 male birds each, thus the total number of chickens were 100 females and 25 males with an average initial female weight was 1,336.05 ± 84,99 g and male weight was 2,050.53 ± 121,78 g. The experiment was conducted for 14 weeks started from 20 week old until 34 week old. Variables measured were spermatozoa production, fertility, and hatchability. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and HSD test. Results showed that various breeds of Sentul chicken had no significant effect (P>0.05) on spermatozoa production, and had significant effect (P<0.05) on fertility and hatchability. It can be concluded that spermatozoa production of various breeds of Sentul chicken are relatively similar, while fertility and hatchability of Emas chicken was lower than that of Abu Sentul chicken and Batu Sentul Chicken.
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Castillo, Annelisse, Marta Gariglio, Alessandro Franzoni, Dominga Soglia, Stefano Sartore, Arianna Buccioni, Federica Mannelli, et al. "Overview of Native Chicken Breeds in Italy: Conservation Status and Rearing Systems in Use." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020490.
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The most reared species of farm animal around the world is the chicken. However, the intensification of livestock systems has led to a gradual increase in the concentration of a limited number of breeds, resulting in substantial erosion to the genetic pool. The initial step of an ‘animal conservation program’ entails establishing the actual conservation statuses of the breeds concerned in a defined area; in this case, in Italy. To this end, a survey of breeds was performed by means of a census questionnaire divided into two parts. The first part collected information on breeds, breeders, housing facilities, and management aspects, the results of which are presented here. The second part of the questionnaire regarded chicken products and their markets, and these data will be reported in a second paper. The breed status of six chicken breeds was shown to be exceptionally worrying, with total numbers ranging from just 18 to 186 birds. Population sizes exceeding 1000 birds was identified for just four breeds, the maximum being 3400. Some improvements in status were noted in relation to breeds which had been the subject of conservation efforts in the past. The two most common breeds reported are the Bionda Piemontese, a double-purpose breed, and the Livorno egg-laying hen. Collo Nudo Italiano, Millefiori Piemontese, Pollo Trentino, and Tirolese chicken breeds and the Castano Precoce turkey breed were not listed by breeders at all. The most reported turkey breeds are the Bronzato Comune and the Ermellinato di Rovigo. The population sizes of native Italian poultry breeds were shown to be generally poor. Italian poultry farmers and the population at large are largely ignorant about indigenous poultry breeds. Thus, promoting the virtues of Italian breeds would help their conservation by encouraging breeders to rear these birds and consumers to buy their products. The identification of strategies to facilitate access to pure breed birds is essential, and will require the collaboration of university research centers, public entities, and breeders. The results presented in this paper constitute the initial part of a more complex conservation program.
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Tolasa, Bayesa. "Current Status of Indigenous and Highly Productive Chicken Breeds in Ethiopia." Advances in Agriculture 2021 (July 16, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8848388.
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In Ethiopia, chicken production plays an important role in providing human food consumption, growth of domestic products, and creating employment opportunities. Despite their importance, the production and reproduction performance of chickens in the country is under expectation owing to the gap between low productive indigenous and low adaptive ability of highly productive chicken breeds. By considering this, the present paper aims to deliver, synthesize, and summarize the compiled information on the current status of indigenous and highly productive chicken breeds. Currently, there are several highly productive chicken breeds available in Ethiopia. Among these, Rhode Island Red, Fayoumi, Potchefstroom Koekoek, Sasso, Bovan Brown, Issa Brown, and Leghorn are being kept under various husbandry systems. Besides, indigenous chicken ecotypes such as barley plumage color, red plumage color, white plumage color, and black plumage color have been characterized in the country. However, the average annual egg production of indigenous and highly productive chicken breeds did not exceed 60 and 250 eggs, respectively. On the other hand, the meat production ability of indigenous chickens is limited as cockerels and pullets may reach 1.5 and 1.05 kilogram live weight at 6 months of age, respectively. Concerning the husbandry system, a majority of owners supplied feed to chickens on the ground and water in plastic containers while scavenging is being the common feeding system in most parts of the country. Furthermore, the majority of the owners are using no separate housing system and treat their chickens traditionally. Thus, awareness should be emphasized on enhancing the improvement of chicken husbandry systems for better production and reproduction performance.
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Paul, Shyam Sundar, Rudra Nath Chatterjee, Mantena Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha Raju, Bhukya Prakash, Savaram Venkata Rama Rao, Satya Pal Yadav, and Alagarsamy Kannan. "Gut Microbial Composition Differs Extensively among Indian Native Chicken Breeds Originated in Different Geographical Locations and a Commercial Broiler Line, but Breed-Specific, as Well as Across-Breed Core Microbiomes, Are Found." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020391.
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Gut microbiota plays an important role in the health and performance of the host. Characterizations of gut microbiota, core microbiomes, and microbial networks in different chicken breeds are expected to provide clues for pathogen exclusion, improving performance or feed efficiency. Here, we characterized the gut microbiota of “finishing” chickens (at the end of production life) of indigenous Indian Nicobari, Ghagus, and Aseel breeds, originating from the Nicobari island, coastal India, and the Indian mainland, respectively, as well as a global commercial broiler line, VenCobb 400, using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. We found that diversity, as well as richness of microbiota, was higher in indigenous breeds than in the broiler line. Beta diversity analysis indicated the highest overlap between Ghagus and Nicobari breeds and a very low overlap between the broiler line and all indigenous breeds. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed 82 breed- or line-specific phylotype operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level biomarkers. We confirm the presence of breed specific and across-breed core microbiomes. Additionally, we show the existence of breed specific complex microbial networks in all groups. This study provides the first (and comprehensive) insight into the gut microbiota of three indigenous breeds and one commercial broiler line of chickens reared without antimicrobials, and underscores the need to study microbial diversity in other indigenous breeds.
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Makarova, A. V., A. B. Vakhrameev, N. V. Dementieva, and Z. L. Fedorova. "Creation of autosex chicken breeds for organic poultry farming." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 59, no. 4 (November 5, 2021): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-477-487.
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Recently, the demand for organic products has been increasing in the world. Organic poultry farming requires additional costs due to the extensive method of poultry housing, low planting density, availability of paddocks and other requirements for production of organic products. Therefore, creation of specialized breeds is especially relevant today. The paper presents the experience of creating an autosex population of the Leningrad Golden-Gray (LZS) in the bioresource collection “Genetic collection of rare and endangered breeds of chickens” RRIFAGB - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. The accuracy of separation by sex of day-old chickens reaches 98%. To create autosex chicken breed, we used breeds and populations of the bioresource collection that have marker genes of plumage color linked to the gender in the genotype. To obtain the breed status, a genome-wide study of the LZS population was conducted. Assessment of the genome homozygosity level showed compliance with the average level characteristic of consolidated groups. The study of genetic variability characterizes the population of LZS as numerous. The inbreeding coefficient of LZS chickens is at a safe level and is a consequence of intensive selection. As a result, an autosex population of LZS was created and tested, which meets the conditions for obtaining the status of a breed and allows to meet the increased requirements of organic poultry farming in the best way. The expediency of using autosex breeds for organic poultry farming has been 478 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, agrarian Series, 2021, vol. 59, no. 4 рр. 477–487 substantiated by saving feed and growing areas. The principles of creating an autosex breed from the genetic material of gene pool herds can be applied in other breeding programs.
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SISAY, TILAHUN, KEFEYALEW ALEMAYEHU, and ZEWDU WULETAW. "Population dynamics and performance of exotic versus indigenous chicken population in the selected districts of North Western Amhara, Ethiopia." Tropical Drylands 1, no. 2 (November 13, 2017): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/tropdrylands/t010205.
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Sisay T, Alemayehu K, Wuletaw Z. 2017. Population dynamics and performance of exotic versus indigenous chicken population in the selected districts of North Western Amhara, Ethiopia. Trop Drylands 1: 90-99. Chicken in Ethiopia contributes, respectively, 98.5% and 99.2% of the national egg and chicken meat production. The total chicken population is estimated to be 56.87 million of which 95.86, 2.79 and 1.35% are indigenous, crossbred and exotic breeds, respectively. The objective of this paper was to quantify the population dynamics and performance of exotic versus indigenous chicken population in the selected districts of northwestern Amhara, Ethiopia. Banja and Burie districts and six Kebeles (three/district) were purposively selected. A total 180 respondents were selected by systematic and simple random sampling techniques for the survey. On the other hand, a total of 90 exotic chicken owners were purposively selected for monitoring and evaluation. GLM procedure of SAS (2002) was used to quantify the fixed effects of agroecology and breeds on the egg production performance. The results revealed that the majorities (91.12%) of distributed exotic chickens were kept in traditional/backyard production system. The overall mean egg production for exotic chickens (141.58±11.5) was too low. Significantly, the mean number of clutch per year per hen of Bovans Brown chicken was higher (4.51±0.11 days) than Bovans white breeds (3.5±0.10 days). Shortage at first egg was attained from midland of Koekoek chicken breed (5.38±0.24 months) than from highland (6.54±0.10 months) in Bovans Brown chicken. A highly significant difference in mortality was observed between Bovans Brown (89%) and Koekoek breed (32.4%), respectively due to traditional farmers' management practice. Distribution of different exotic chicken genotypes in the region is increasing from time to time for the upgrading of local chicken ecotypes but, the survival, productivity and population size of exotic and their crosses were too low. On the other hand, the population size of the indigenous chicken and its productivity remains almost constant. Causes of chick mortality in the study area were disease and predator which need to be considered in the development plan of the districts. This is due to the inappropriate production system, genotype, and management. Therefore, production and productivity will be increased through the selection of indigenous chicken ecotypes and crossbreed or upgrading by introduction exotic cocks, pullets and or fertile eggs of high egg producing strains with an appropriate production system and management in respective production system.
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Belej, Ľubomír, Lukáš Jurčaga, Slavomír Mindek, Cyril Hrnčár, Jozef Čapla, Peter Zajác, Lucia Benešová, Radoslav Židek, and Jozef Golian. "Authentication of poultry products at the breed level using genetic markers." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1254.
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The Oravka tawny is a Slovak national breed of chicken. This breed has combined utility, which means it is valuable for both its meat and eggs. The Oravka tawny is linked to a specific region, Orava, and therefore these products could be protected by European geographical indication. The labeling and sale of chicken meat by the traditional breed of origin are widely used to promote quality and attract those products in the marketplace. For that use, we created the system and method of authentication that can reliably distinguish between the Oravka tawny, other chicken breeds, and other of Oravka’s colorful characters. In our research, we analyzed 153 chicken feathers from the Oravka breed as well as from breeds used in the process of breeding the Oravka to their current state. They were divided into nine populations. To separate those populations, we used seven microsatellite markers recommended by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and other authors. To create separate clusters of individual breeds, we used DAPC (discriminant analysis of principal components) analysis.
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Moataz, Fathi, Ebeid Tarek, Rayan Gamal, El-Safty Salah, and Abou-Emera Osama. "Genetic differences in eggshell ultrastructural properties of Saudi native chicken breeds kept at high ambient temperatures." Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 9 (August 31, 2018): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2018-cjas.
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Egg quality and eggshell ultrastructural properties of four Saudi native chicken breeds were compared to detect genetic differences. A total of 480 laying hens at 28 weeks of age, representing four Saudi native breeds of chicken (black, black-barred, gray, and brown) kept under hot environmental conditions (34 ± 1°C) were randomly assigned to the current experiment. Laying hens were housed in individual cages in an open-sided house during hot summer season. A total of 360 intact eggs were randomly collected (90 from each breed) for egg quality assessment. Eggshell samples were prepared to evaluate ultrastructural measurements using a scanning electron microscope. No significant variations between the breeds concerning egg weight, egg-shape index, yolk index, albumen (%), yolk (%), shell (%), and shell thickness traits were detected. Brown breed showed significantly higher Haugh units compared to the other breeds. Moreover, brown breed scored the best for eggshell breaking strength trait (the highest crack resistance), followed by gray, black, and black-barred breeds, respectively (P < 0.005). Total ultrastructural score for mammillary layer measurements was significantly higher in black-barred breed if compared with black, brown, and gray breeds. Gray, brown, and black Saudi native breeds had an outstanding eggshell ultrastructure and, in turn, stiffer and stronger eggshell comparable with black-barred counterpart under high ambient temperatures. At the national level, for cross-breeding and selection programs aimed at producing good quality table and hatching eggs the use of gray, brown, and black breeds can be recommended due to excellent ultrastructural properties of their eggshell.
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Sabry, A., S. Ramadan, M. M. Hassan, A. A. Mohamed, A. Mohammedein, and M. Inoue-Murayama. "Assessment of genetic diversity among Egyptian and Saudi chicken ecotypes and local Egyptian chicken breeds using microsatellite markers." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/1/mrn-1572.
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Aim: To assess genetic diversity of two chicken ecotypes from Egypt and Saudi Arabia and compare these ecotypes to six local Egyptian and two exotic pure chicken breeds using 14 microsatellite markers. Methodology: Dataset consisted of two subsets. First subset represented two ecotypes from Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Second dataset consisted birds six Egyptian native chicken strains: Fayoumi (FAY), Dandarawy (DAN), Baladi (BAL), Sinai (Sini), El-Salam (Els) and Golden Montazah (GG), and two commercial strains: White Leghorn (WL) and Rhode Island Red (RIR). fourteen microsatellites markers were utilized to assess DNA polymorphism. Data analyses of the results were carried out using R statistical environment. Results: The obtained results indicated that number of alleles per locus averaged 11.4 ± 5.0. Polymorphic information content was informative (> 50%) for the local breeds, but not for two ecotypes. The observed and expected heterozygosity averaged 0.46 and 0.75, both ecotypes had the lowest estimates. All breeds showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectation. The average population differentiation index (FST) was 0.143, overall heterozygosity deficiency (FIT) was 0.156, and global inbreeding of individuals within breeds (FIS) was 0.319. Interpretation: This study revealed that both Egyptian and Saudi ecotypes have an endangered status. Lower genetic distances and lower FST values were reported for the Egyptian indigenous breeds. Phylogenetic and principle components showed that both ecotypes were genetically closer to each other when compared with other breeds. It also showed that the Dandarawy native Egyptian chicken breed was genetically the closest breed to both the Egyptian and Saudi ecotypes. Key words: Chicken, Ecotypes, Genetic diversity, Microsatellites, Phylogenetics
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Patieva, S. V., A. M. Patieva, D. V. Rak, and A. V. Zykova. "Comparative characteristics of Chinese silk breed chickens and broilers." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-1-82-85.
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Today poultry farming in the economy of our country is one of the leading branches of agricultural production due to the fact that it is able to provide a considerable part of the population with high-quality products. That is why the development of new breeds of birds is an important aspect. In this publication, chickens of the Chinese silk breed are considered. A scheme was proposed for the cultivation of Chinese silk breed chickens and broilers for the subsequent comparative characteristics of the breeds. The cultivation and slaughter of birds were carried out on the territory of the farm of the Krasnodar Territory. A comparative assessment of the characteristics of Chinese silk and broiler chickens was carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Livestock Products, the Research Institute of Biotechnology and Certification of Food Products of the KubGAU named after I.T. Trubilin. As a result of cutting the carcasses of the Chinese silk breed (n=5), the following data were obtained: carcass - 2.13 kg, liver - 0.05 kg, heart - 0.04 kg, neck - 0.17 kg, stomach - 0.095 kg, legs - 0.145 kg, head - 0.145 kg, wings - 0.26 kg. During the comparative analysis of chickens of different breeds, positive and negative qualities of Chinese silk chicken were revealed. According to the results of the comparative characteris-tics, the advantages of the Chinese silk bird breed can be considered: exotic appearance, unpretentiousness in maintenance, the use of meat and eggs, resistance to cold, good incubation and survival of offspring. However, there are minor drawbacks: low productivity, high cost of purchasing poultry and eggs. Thus, the database on the comparative evaluation of chicken meat of the Chinese silk breed was replenished.
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Roh, Hee-Jong, Seung-Chang Kim, Chang-Yeon Cho, Jinwook Lee, Dayeon Jeon, Dong-kyo Kim, Kwan-Woo Kim, et al. "Estimating genetic diversity and population structure of 22 chicken breeds in Asia using microsatellite markers." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1896–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0958.
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Objective: Estimating the genetic diversity and structures, both within and among chicken breeds, is critical for the identification and conservation of valuable genetic resources. In chickens, microsatellite (MS) marker polymorphisms have previously been widely used to evaluate these distinctions. Our objective was to analyze the genetic diversity and relationships among 22 chicken breeds in Asia based on allelic frequencies.Methods: We used 469 genomic DNA samples from 22 chicken breeds from eight Asian countries (South Korea, KNG, KNB, KNR, KNW, KNY, KNO; Laos, LYO, LCH, LBB, LOU; Indonesia, INK, INS, ING; Vietnam, VTN, VNH; Mongolia, MGN; Kyrgyzstan, KGPS; Nepal, NPS; Sri Lanka, SBC) and three imported breeds (RIR, Rhode Island Red; WLG, White Leghorn; CON, Cornish). Their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using 20 MS markers.Results: In total, 193 alleles were observed across all 20 MS markers, and the number of alleles ranged from 3 (MCW0103) to 20 (LEI0192) with a mean of 9.7 overall. The NPS breed had the highest expected heterozygosity (H<sub>exp</sub>, 0.718±0.027) and polymorphism information content (PIC, 0.663±0.030). Additionally, the observed heterozygosity (H<sub>obs</sub>) was highest in LCH (0.690±0.039), whereas WLG showed the lowest H<sub>exp</sub> (0.372±0.055), H<sub>obs</sub> (0.384±0.019), and PIC (0.325±0.049). Nei’s DA genetic distance was the closest between VTN and VNH (0.086), and farthest between KNG and MGN (0.503). Principal coordinate analysis showed similar results to the phylogenetic analysis, and three axes explained 56.2% of the variance (axis 1, 19.17%; 2, 18.92%; 3, 18.11%). STRUCTURE analysis revealed that the 22 chicken breeds should be divided into 20 clusters, based on the highest ΔK value (46.92).Conclusion: This study provides a basis for future genetic variation studies and the development of conservation strategies for 22 chicken breeds in Asia.
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Komiyama, Tomoyoshi, Mengjie Lin, and Atsushi Ogura. "aCGH Analysis to Estimate Genetic Variations among Domesticated Chickens." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1794329.
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Chickens have been familiar to humans since ancient times and have been used not only for culinary purposes but also for cultural purposes including ritual ceremonies and traditional entertainment. The various chicken breeds developed for these purposes often display distinct morphological and/or behavioural traits. For example, the JapaneseShamois larger and more aggressive than other domesticated chickens, reflecting its role as a fighting cock breed, whereas JapaneseNaganakidoribreeds, which have long-crowing behaviour, were bred instead for their entertaining and aesthetic qualities. However, the genetic backgrounds of these distinct morphological and behavioural traits remain unclear. Therefore, the question arises as to which genomic regions in these chickens were acted upon by selective pressures through breeding. We compared the entire genomes of six chicken breeds domesticated for various cultural purposes by utilizing array comparative genomic hybridization. From these analyses, we identified 782 regions that underwent insertions, deletions, or mutations, representing man-made selection pressure in these chickens. Furthermore, we found that a number of genes diversified in domesticated chickens bred for cultural or entertainment purposes were different from those diversified in chickens bred for food, such as broilers and layers.
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Lukanov, H., and I. Pavlova. "Morphological and morphometric characterization of Bulgarian local chicken breed – Southwest Bulgarian dzinka." Agricultural Science and Technology 13, Volume 13, Issue 2 (June 2021): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2021.02.024.
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Abstract. The poultry genetic resources of the Republic of Bulgaria cover mostly the domestic chicken and domestic pigeon species. A number of introduced breeds of chickens are bred in the country, but also some local primitive and decorative breeds. Southwest Bulgarian dzinka is one of the three bantam chicken breeds that originated in Bulgaria. The aim of the study is to make a complete exterior characteristic of the Southwest Bulgarian dzinka breed. A phenotypic evaluation of a total of 29 roosters and 61 hens was performed. The mean body weight of roosters was 620.7±18.9 g and 492.7±8.42 g of hens. The birds are characterized by the presence of a small rose comb, beard and well feathered legs. The most common color of the plumage is spangled. The legs and beak are light in color, except for the black color of the plumage. The eyes are orange-red. The calculated Index for massiveness, Index of compactness and Index of long-leggedness for roosters were 5.35±0.13, 218.57±4.15 and 46.36±1.83, respectively, and 4.62±0.09, 214.62±3.60, 41.03±1.25 for hens.
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Alabi, Olayinka, Ayoola Shoyombo, Segun Jegede, Olarewaju Oluba, and Oghenerobor Akpor. "Rural production of tropically adapted breeds of chickens in rural areas of Kwara state, Nigeria." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 1013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1199.
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Chicken keeping is a common thing with most household in rural areas of Nigeria. The birds are raised under extensive system of production with little or no feed provided by the farmers for the birds, hence there is the need to compare the rate of egg production of six different breeds of chickens reared under the same conditions in the rural areas. Twelve villages were randomly selected from the long list of villages in Kwara, 20 households per village and 4 villages per senatorial district, with a total coverage of 240 households for the study. The birds that were used for the study were indigenous chicken (Fulani), improved indigenous chickens (Shika Brown, Funaab Alpha and Noiler) and imported tropically adapted birds (Sasso and Kuroiler). Thirty six weeks old pre-vaccinated and brooded chickens of different breeds given to the farmers were managed under the traditional poultry scavenging system in all the three senatorial districts. The non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test was used for the comparison between districts and breeds. There were no significant differences in egg production per senatorial district, egg production from different breeds and production from different senatorial districts remained averagely low. Low egg production by all the breeds showed that scavenging way of rural chicken production should be improved on for better productivity. This can be achieved through supplemental feed formulated and produced from locally available feed ingredients for the chickens.
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Makarova, Aleksandra V., Anatoly B. Vakhrameev, and Inessa A. Meftah. "Comparative characteristics of the growth and development of meategg and egg-meat chickens." Agrarian science, no. 11-12 (January 20, 2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-343-11-29-32.
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Relevance. Recently, the number of many breeds and lines of chickens has significantly decreased, while others are under threat of extinction. Reducing the genetic resources of chicken’s worldwide limits the possibilities of future breeding programs. The study of the genetic diversity of the species allows you to more accurately manage the productive and potential of chicken breeds, the possibilities of its use for obtaining Biosafety and full-fledged food. Adding exterior estimation data to the bird breeding value forecast increases its accuracy and is relevant.Methods. The study was conducted on chickens of two experimental populations «Experimental CS» meat-egg of productivity and «Experimental LZS» egg-meat productivity from the Genetic collection of rare and endangered chicken breeds Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry.Results. The highest absolute increase in live weight of chickens is observed in the period of 4-8 weeks, and the relative increase at the age of 4 weeks, regardless of the type of productivity of chickens. The results of cultivation largely depend on the intensity of growth of the bird in the early period, up to four weeks of age. The superiority of the meat-egg population in comparison with the egg-meat population was revealed in terms of breast circumference (5.0–7.7%).
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Sakhatskyi, M. I., and R. O. Kulibaba. "Мarker-assisted selection of ukrainian local chicken breeds. overview of research results." Animal Husbandry of the Steppe of Ukraine 1, no. 2 (November 18, 2022): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2786-6750.1.2.2022.150-156.
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The article presents a complex system of using of different types of molecular genetic markers in marker-assisted selection of Ukrainian local chicken breeds of egg and combined productivity. The main stages of selection work with different chicken breeds of Ukrainian selection are given considering the results of genetic variability research and analysis of productivity parameters of chicken with different genotypes by a number of DNA-markers. According to the results of the research, prospective marker systems identified by the set of quantitative trait loci, allelic variants of which are associated with productivity indicators. The formulas of perspective genotypes according to the complex of quantitative trait loci for chickens of Birkivska Barvista line A, Poltava clay line 14 and Rhode Island Red line 38 are given. For chicken breeds of combined productivity, the formulas of the desired genotypes formed on the egg or meat direction.
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Hidayat, Nu'man, Chomsiatun Nurul Hidayah, and Aras Prasetiyo Nugroho. "Reduction Spermatozoa Motility and Viability on Various Local Chickens During Storage at 5℃." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 22, no. 3 (January 12, 2021): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.3.64.
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The research compared the changes motility and viability of sperm from various local chickens during storage at 5℃ for 72 hours. Semen was collected every three days using the dorsal-abdominal massage from twelve chickens consisting of Kedu, Sentul and Pelung chicken. semen was diluted in extender contains 90% lactate ringer and 10% egg yolk extender with 0.025% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2% vitamin E (LREYSE). Sperm motility and viability was observed every 12 hours and the measurements were made up to 72 hours of storage. Complete random design repeated measurement with 4 replications was used in this study. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed sperm motility declined and sperm viability reduced during storage for all breeds. The significant declined of motility between breeds were only observed at 60 and 72 hours and the reduced viability between breeds was observed at 72 hours of storage. The declined sperm motility for Kedu chicken (31.59±3.26% and 75.36±1.25%) and Pelung chicken (36.11±4.05% and 75.83±5.34%) were significantly lower (p<0.05) than Sentul Chicken (50.39±2.60% and 95.00±5.00%) at 60 and 72 hours of storage respectively, while the decline sperm viability of Kedu chicken (57.59±3.64%) and Pelung chicken (54.39±5.73%) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than Sentul Chicken (90.30±9.70%) after 72 hours storage. It can be concluded that the reduction sperm motility and viability of Kedu and Pelung chicken is lower than Sentul chicken which are stored at 5℃ for 72 hours.
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Gouda, Eman M., and Gamal S. Essawy. "Polymorphism of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Gene among Chicken Breeds in Egypt." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 65, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2010): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2010-3-418.
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The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) regulates growth, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation and differentiation in vertebrates. Polymorphisms of IGF-I gene transcripts of three breeds of chicken were assessed. The associations of these polymorphisms with the growth rate of the studied breeds were also evaluated. Total RNA was isolated from chicken livers, and the IGF-I gene was amplified from each breed RNA by RT-PCR using specific primers flanking a certain region of the gene. The amplified RT-PCR products were formed to identify the transcripts and to correlate them to the phenotype of growth, by performing single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis for genotype identification. In this report, we describe how SSCP analysis of RT-PCR products can be used to evaluate the transcript expression pattern of avian IGF-I polymorphism, and their effect on the growth traits of chickens.
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Yang, Zhuliang, Jixian Deng, Dongfeng Li, Tiantian Sun, Li Xia, Wenwen Xu, Linghu Zeng, Hesheng Jiang, and Xiurong Yang. "Analysis of Population Structure and Differentially Selected Regions in Guangxi Native Breeds by Restriction Site Associated with DNA Sequencing." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 1 (November 19, 2019): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400827.
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Guangxi indigenous chicken breeds play a very important role in promoting the high-quality development of the broiler industry in China. However, studies on genomic information of Guangxi indigenous chicken to date remain poorly explored. To decipher the population genetic structure and differentially selected regions (DSRs) in Guangxi indigenous chickens, we dug into numerous SNPs from seven Guangxi native chickens (GX) by employing the restriction site associated with DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) technology. Another three breeds, Cobb, White Leghorn, and Chahua (CH) chicken, were used as a control. After quality control, a total of 185,117 autosomal SNPs were kept for further analysis. The results showed a significant difference in population structure, and the control breeds were distinctly separate from the Guangxi native breeds, which was also strongly supported by the phylogenetic tree. Distribution of FST indicated that there were three SNPs with big genetic differentiation (FST value all reach to 0. 9427) in GX vs. CH group, which were located on chr1-96,859,720,chr4-86,139,601, and chr12-8,128,322, respectively. Besides, we identified 717 DSRs associated with 882 genes in GX vs. Cobb group, 769 DSRs with 476 genes in GX vs. Leghorn group, and 556 DSRs with 779 genes in GX vs. CH group. GO enrichment showed that there were two significant terms, namely GPI-linked ephrin receptor activity and BMP receptor binding, which were enriched in GX vs. Leghorn group. In conclusion, this study suggests that Guangxi native chickens have a great differentiation with Cobb and Leghorn. Our findings would be beneficial to fully evaluate the genomic information on Guangxi native chicken and facilitate the application of these resources in chicken breeding.
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Nardi, Samanta, Federico Puccini Leoni, Viola Monticelli, Valentina Virginia Ebani, Fabrizio Bertelloni, Margherita Marzoni, Francesca Mancianti, Simonetta Citi, and Giovanni Barsotti. "Tear Production, Intraocular Pressure, Ultrasound Biometric Features and Conjunctival Flora Identification in Clinically Normal Eyes of Two Italian Breeds of Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)." Animals 11, no. 10 (October 17, 2021): 2987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102987.
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Given the abundance of chickens in Italy, it is important for veterinarians to know the normal state of chickens’ eyes in order to identify any ophthalmic pathological changes. The aim of this study was to determine the normal values of select ocular parameters and to evaluate conjunctival microflora in two Italian chicken breeds. Sixty-six healthy chickens underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, which included a phenol red thread test (PRTT) for the evaluation of tear production and the assessment of intraocular pressure by rebound tonometry. B-mode ultrasound biometric measurements and conjunctival microflora identification were also performed in twenty-seven chickens. Mean PRTT was 23.77 ± 2.99 mm/15 s in the Livorno breed and 19.95 ± 2.81 mm/15 s in the Siciliana breed. Mean intraocular pressure was 14.3 ± 1.17 mmHg in the Livorno breed and 14.06 ± 1.15 mmHg in the Siciliana breed. Reference ranges for morphometric parameters were reported in the two breeds. Twenty-three chickens (85.18%) were bacteriologically positive. Chlamydia spp. antigen was detected in 14.81% of chickens. No positive cultures were obtained for fungi. Normal reference range values for selected ophthalmic parameters were obtained in clinically healthy chickens, which could facilitate accurate diagnosis and better management of ophthalmic diseases in these animals.
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Manyelo, Tlou Grace, Letlhogonolo Selaledi, Zahra Mohammed Hassan, and Monnye Mabelebele. "Local Chicken Breeds of Africa: Their Description, Uses and Conservation Methods." Animals 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 2257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122257.
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There has been a research gap in the genetic, physiological, and nutritional aspects of indigenous chickens of Africa over the past decade. These chickens are known to be economically, socially, and culturally important to the people of Africa, especially those from marginalised communities. Although they are associated with poor productivity in terms of the number of eggs laid, most consumers prefer their flavoursome meat. Several local chickens have been classified into breeds or ecotypes, but many remain unidentified and are facing extinction. To prevent this, the Food and Agriculture Organization has launched an indigenous poultry conservation programme. In addition, the Agricultural Research Council in South Africa has established a programme to protect four local chicken breeds. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed understanding of the description, uses and conservation methods of local chicken breeds of Africa. Several studies have been conducted on the nutritional requirements of local chickens, but the results were inconclusive and contradictory. This review concludes that local chickens play a significant role in improving livelihoods, and strategies to preserve and sustain them must be intensified.
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Vetokh, A. N., and N. Yu German. "Chicken egg incubation results and growth rate of crossbreed chickens." Agrarian science, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-355-1-53-57.
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Relevance. Poultry farming is one of the promising sectors of agriculture. High growth rate and good meat quality are the main factors in breeding. A convenient tool for studying the phenotypic characteristics of breeds and crosses, as well as the genetic characteristics of new breeding forms, is the creation of model animal populations.Methods. The aim in this study was to obtain first-generation crossbreeds from crossing of egg and meat-egg chicken breeds, in order to evaluate the incubation results of crossbreeds and compare them with the source breeds, as well as to study the growth and development rates in the obtained chickens’ hybrids. In the experiment, we used poultry breeds Russian white with the egg-production and Pushkin with meat and egg functions. Starting from the day the chicks were hatched with a period of once a week the measure taking of weight from the chickens were carried out. In addition, starting from the first week of life, the linear measurements, such as body length, depth, width and chest circumference, were carried out once a month. The dynamics of growth and development in crossbreeds was evaluated before the onset of maturity and oviposition in females.Results. Fertility of eggs during interbreed insemination was 81%, which differed from the indicators within the parental breeds by an average of 10%. The hatchability of eggs was less by 35.89 and 43.23% (p < 0.05) in comparison with the Russian white and Pushkin breeds. Upon reaching this period at the age of 5 months, the mass of females was 1554.8 ± 111.72, and of males — 1916.9 ± 63.88 g, and the relative increase, showing the intensity of weight gain over the entire period, was 189.6% and 191.6% respectively. Thus, the obtained individuals cannot compete with the initial breeds in their productive qualities in practical production. However, individuals of the first generation can be used to create a model population of individuals of the second generation, in which it will be possible to determine the associations of genes with economically useful traits with phenotypic diversity.
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Larkina, T. A., A. A. Krutikova, G. K. Peglivanyan, and N. V. Dementiev. "Genetic variability of genetic chicken breeds estimated based on SNPS analysis in the PPARG gene." International bulletin of Veterinary Medicine, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2021.4.97.
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Obesity of chickens significantly reduces the efficiency of feeding, egg production, palatability of meat carcasses, slaughter yield, consumer value, and there is also such an ecological aspect as the problem of fat utilization. The search for SNPs in genes involved in lipid metabolism is an important task today for modern research in the field of poultry farming. Differences in carcass fat between breeds and lines within a breed illustrate the importance of genetic factors in lipid metabolism in chickens. The aim of the study was to find and analyze SNPs in the PPARG gene by sequencing in various chicken breeds (n = 83). The objects of the study were chickens from the VNIIGZh bioresource collection "Genetic collection of rare and endangered chicken breeds" (Pushkin, St. Petersburg) of various productivity trends (n = 83). Blood for DNA isolation was taken from hens at the age of 330 days from a wing vein into a microtube containing 50 μl of 0.5 mM EDTA as an anticoagulant. Prior to use, blood samples were stored at -200C. Genomic DNA was isolated using a standard phenolic-detergent method. The concentration and purity of the samples were determined using a NanoDrop 2000 instrument (Thermo Fisher, USA).Analysis of the polymorphism of the regulatory region of the PPARG gene was carried out by sequencing. The primer design was carried out on the basis of information from the Internet database.The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of molecular genetics of the RRIFAGB. Genetic variability for rs314476701 of the PPARG gene was determined in the analyzed breeds. SNP rs316237745 revealed a strong shift of the A.
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Vorobyov, Nikolay I., Ilya N. Nikonov, and Marina V. Selina. "Genetic biodiversity of chicken breeds and the level of fractal bio-consolidation of avian myogenesis gene expression." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 8, no. 105 (2022): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202208007.
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The purpose of this work is to show that the genetic diversity of chicken breeds is manifested not only at the external phenotypic level, but also at the genetic level in the form of different levels of bioconsolidation of the expression of myogenesis genes in birds. To demonstrate this effect, a mathematical technique was developed based on constructing a fractal portrait of gene expression and calculating the index of fractal bioconsolidation of gene expression, which reflects the fractal features of the location of genes in a fractal portrait. The technique is illustrated by data on the expression of myogenesis genes of several meat and egg-bearing breeds of chickens. Thus, it was shown that the index of fractal bioconsolidation of myogenesis gene expression correlates (among the chicken breeds considered) with the intensity of chicken weight gain and NO release, which demonstrates the increased efficiency of biochemical and genetic processes in chicken organisms with a high level of fractal bioconsolidation of myogenesis gene expression.
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Sun, Junli, Tao Chen, Min Zhu, Ran Wang, Yingfei Huang, Qiang Wei, Manman Yang, and Yuying Liao. "Whole-genome sequencing revealed genetic diversity and selection of Guangxi indigenous chickens." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): e0250392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250392.
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Guangxi chickens play a crucial role in promoting the high-quality development of the broiler industry in China, but their value and potential are yet to be discovered. To determine the genetic diversity and population structure of Guangxi indigenous chicken, we analyzed the whole genomes of 185 chickens from 8 phenotypically and geographically representative Guangxi chicken breeds, together with 12 RJFt, 12 BRA and 12 WL genomes available from previous studies. Calculation of heterozygosity (Hp), nucleotide diversity (π), and LD level indicated that Guangxi populations were characterized by higher genetic diversity and lower differentiation than RJFt and commercial breeds except for HGFC. Population structure analysis also confirmed the introgression from commercial broiler breeds. Each population clustered together while the overall differentiation was slight. MA has the richest genetic diversity among all varieties. Selective sweep analysis revealed BCO2, EDN3 and other candidate genes had received strong selection in local breeds. These also provided novel breeding visual and data basis for future breeding.