Journal articles: 'Chicken feather meal'

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Jumini, Sri. "Alternative fish feed production from waste chicken feathers." International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series 1, no. 2 (August 14, 2017): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ijsascs.v1i2.5140.

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In this This devotion has been done to provide education and training of the utilization of waste chicken manure, making flour chicken feathers as a fish feed alternative, that can overcome some of the problems that waste chicken feathers from the center cutting broiler chickens in the village Krasak enough, it causes pollution, and not used optimally; Low public awareness of awareness of environmental pollution; the lack of public knowledge about the utilization of waste chicken feathers, and processing technology, as well as to address the needs of fish feed more expensive, need alternative feed ingredients. This service program has provided insight to the public about waste chicken feathers so that it can be used as a new entrepreneurial startups. To achieve these objectives have been done of activity as follows: 1) Provide counseling and understanding of the community will be a negative impact on the environment of waste chicken feathers. 2) Provide counseling utilization of waste chicken feathers for people in nearby farms. 3) Make a chicken feather meal of chicken feather waste as an alternative fish feed to improve digestibility of chicken feathers. 3) The formation of the group for increasing the economic income of the family. This service activities program runs quite well with demonstrated some activity, namely: 1) Change Behavior Society (knowledge transfer); 2) Chicken Feather Extension Waste Utilization; 3) Making Unit Waste Chicken Feathers; 4) Establishment of New Business of Diversified Waste Chicken Feathers.

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Adejumo, Isaac Oluseun, and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji. "Production and evaluation of biodegraded feather meal using immobilised and crude enzyme from Bacillus subtilis on broiler chickens." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 10 (2018): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.051017.

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The management of solid wastes has been a major concern to many cities of the world due to daily increasing rural-urban migration and globalization. Due to a greater consumption of poultry meat, the disposal of feather wastes has contributed to the daily increasing environmental pollution. Agricultural wastes (such as poultry feathers) are disposed by burning, which consequently constitute environmental pollution and their chemical or mechanical conversion into animal feed normally leads to minimization of amino acids. The application of biotechnology through the utilisation of enzymes is considered an easy and inexpensive means of producing valuable products from poultry feather wastes. Bacillus subtilis was isolated from a dumping site and the plates were incubated on nutrient agar. The treatments containing 200 mL each of crude enzyme, immobilized enzyme and sterilized water were added to the bioreactor for biodegradation of chicken feathers. After hydrolysis, the feathers were dried and the products labelled microbial biodegraded feather meal. The effect of temperature, keratinolytic activity and the influence of the immobilised and crude enzyme-degraded feather meal on broiler chickens were assessed. The optimal activity and biodegradative potential of the keratinolytic enzyme was observed as 45 oC and 48 h after fermentation, respectively. The weight gain of the birds fed immobilised enzyme-degraded feather meal-based diet compared with the control. The enzyme-degraded feather meal is safe for inclusion in broilers' diet and slight feeding manipulations could improve their performance.

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Kerr, Brian J., Pedro E. Urriola, Rajesh Jha, John E. Thomson, Shelby M. Curry, and Gerald C. Shurson. "Amino acid composition and digestible amino acid content in animal protein by-product meals fed to growing pigs1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 11 (October 6, 2019): 4540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz294.

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Abstract An industry survey and animal experiment were conducted to evaluate the amino acid (AA) compositional variability and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in animal protein by-products fed to growing pigs. Animal protein by-product meals (212) were categorized into 8 groupings (blood meal, chicken by-product meal, chicken meal, feather meal, meat and bone meal, meat meal, poultry by-product meal, and poultry meal) and analyzed for total AA. Amino acid analysis among (e.g., Lys in blood meal averaged 9.20% compared with 2.31% for feather meal, DM basis) and within (e.g., Lys range of 1.54% in blood meal and 1.44% in feather meal, DM basis) the by-product classifications varied as expected, but on average the total AA values were similar to that reported in the literature. For the determination of the SID of AA, 15 barrows (average initial and final BW of 31.6 and 78.7 kg, respectively) were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to 15 diets over nine 7-d periods, resulting in 9 replications per diet. Pigs were fed a basal diet based on soybean meal and dehulled-degermed corn, 13 diets containing 17.5% animal protein by-product meal to partially replace a portion of the soybean meal and dehulled-degermed corn in the basal diet, or a N-free diet. Pigs were re-allotted to diets based on minimizing the number to times that the N-free diet would precede or follow feeding either of the blood or feather meal diets because of concern with inadequate diet consumption, as well as to prevent diets from being re-fed to the same pig during the next or subsequent periods. Values for the apparent ileal AA digestibility of each diet were determined, adjusted to SID based upon the endogenous AA losses determined by feeding the N-free diet, and the SID of AA in each animal protein by-product meal calculated using the difference procedure. The SID of AA varied among (e.g., SID of Lys averaged 91% in chicken meal but 47% in feather meal) and within (e.g., SID of Lys in three meat and bone meals was 80%, 71%, and 54%) the animal protein by-product meals, as would be expected and are consistent with variation reported in the literature. Overall, the data provide total AA composition for 212 samples and SID of AA for 13 samples of animal protein by-product meals, including data on their variability, which is critical for their use in feed formulation programs.

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Wilkie, Darryl C., Andrew G. Van Kessel, Lisa J. White, Bernard Laarveld, and Murray D. Drew. "Dietary amino acids affect intestinal Clostridium perfringens populations in broiler chickens." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 85, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a04-070.

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An experiment was performed to examine the effect of protein source and dietary amino acid profile on intestinal levels of C. perfringens in broiler chickens. Broiler chickens (age = 14 d; n = 192) were fed diets containing 400 g kg-1 crude protein with fish meal, meat/bone meal, feather meal, corn gluten meal, soy protein concentrate, pea protein concentrate, or potato protein concentrate as the primary protein source along with a control diet containing 230 g kg-1 crude protein. The birds were orally inoculated daily, with 1 mL (~1.0 × 108 CFU mL-1) of an overnight culture of C. perfringens between 14 and 21 d of age, killed at 28 d of age and C. perfringens numbers in ileum and cecum were enumerated. Birds fed fish meal, meat/bone meal, feather meal and potato protein concentrate had significantly higher intestinal C. perfringens counts than the birds fed corn gluten meal, soy or pea protein concentrates or the control diet (P < 0.05). The glycine content of the diets and ileal contents was significantly, positively correlated with C. perfringens numbers in ileum and cecum. Dietary glycine may be an important factor in the intestinal overgrowth of C. perfringens in broiler chickens. Key words: Clostridium perfringens, broiler chicken, amino acid, glycine, necrotic enteritis

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Pourjavaheri, Firoozeh, Farzad Mohaddes, Robert A. Shanks, Michael Czajka, and Arun Gupta. "Effects of Different Purification Methods on Chicken Feather Keratin." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1184.

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Every year billion kilograms of unused feathers result from the poultry industry worldwide, which in effect impose a difficult disposal process to the environment. Chicken feathers are considered as a valuable and renewable keratin protein source, which could be used advantageously in a number of applications as alternatives to feather meal and feather disposal. Although the potential applications of keratin derived from chicken feathers have been investigated, the initial purification phase has not been fully described in the literature. Original chicken feathers contain many biological organisms along with other contaminants after plucking. Unprocessed chicken feathers are considered as potentially hazardous biological materials due to the presence of blood borne pathogens; therefore, the decontamination process is very important. The purpose of this work is to compare the effects of different purification techniques on chicken feathers prior to keratin isolation. These processes include surfactant washing, soxhlet extraction with ethanol, ozone, and sodium chlorite solutions. Thermogravimetric analysis, vibrational spectroscopy, and wide angle X-ray scattering were used to characterise the purified feathers prior to keratin extraction.

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Rahayu, Sri, Muhamad Bata, and Winarto Hadi. "Substitusi Konsentrat Protein Menggunakan Tepung Bulu Ayam yang Diolah Secara Fisiko-Kimia dan Fermentasi Menggunakan Bacillus sp. Mts." Jurnal Agripet 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v14i1.1202.

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(Protein concentrate substitution using feather meal processed by physico-chemistry and fermentatio)ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of protein concentrate substitution using processed feather meal in growing layer-ration. Chicken feather meal was processed by physico-chemical techniques viz.soaking in 0.5% (b/v) NaOH and Na2S at 60°C and continued by fermentation using Bacillus sp. MTS. The method was experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments that replicated for four times. The treatments tested was level of concentrate substitution i.e. 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16%. Protein concentrate substitution had no significantly effect (P 0.05) on growth, feed consumption and convertion of growing layer. Keratin meal from chicken feather can be applied in growing layer-ration 16% respectively or substitute the protein concentrate as much as 53%.

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Inkanuwat, Aurachorn, Romteera Sukaboon, Aphichart Karnchanatat, Papassara Sangtanoo, Tanatorn Saisavoey, Ake Pattaratanakun, Pravit Asawanonda, and Onrapak Reamtong. "Nitric Oxide Synthesis Inhibition and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Polypeptide Isolated from Chicken Feather Meal in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages." Food technology and biotechnology 57, no. 2 (2019): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.57.02.19.5964.

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Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and has been implicated in endotoxin-induced tissue injury. Chicken feather meal is a rich source of amino acids that may serve as a peptide hydrolysate to inhibit NO activity. Anti-inflammatory hydrolysates of chicken feather meal were prepared and fractionated into five samples based on molecular mass. The smallest fraction (<0.65 kDa) exhibited the highest NO inhibitory activity without cytotoxicity towards macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Further subfractions were sufficient to obtain amino acid sequences by Q-TOF LC-MS/MS ESI analysis. Of these, the SNPSVAGVR (885.97 Da) peptide and its corresponding pure synthetic peptide have inhibitory activity against NO production by RAW 264.7 cells (IC50=(55.2±0.2) mM) without cytotoxicity. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR results revealed that the peptide of the obtained fraction reduced transcript expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2 and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that the peptides derived from the chicken feather meal protein could potentially be used as a promising ingredient in functional foods or nutraceuticals against inflammatory diseases.

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Haryanto, Aris, Medania Purwaningr, Morsid Andityas, and Nastiti Wijayanti. "Effect of Chicken Feather Meal on the Feed Conversion Ratio and Blood Lipid Profile of Broiler Chickens." Asian Journal of Poultry Science 11, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajpsaj.2017.64.69.

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Tronina, Przemysław, and Fabiola Bubel. "Production of organic fertilizer from poultry feather wastes excluding the composting process." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 10, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-008-0025-3.

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Production of organic fertilizer from poultry feather wastes excluding the composting process Chicken feathers generated in large quantities by the poultry industry are hazardous for the natural environment because of their poor digestibility and their potential as a source of microbiological pathogens. Currently, the main method of feather waste management is the production of feather meal by steam pressure cooking. This technology requires a high energy input. The high costs of hydrothermal degradation of these wastes are conducive to finding other alternative possibilities of poultry wastes management. This paper describes the feather-utilization method with calcium oxide treatment in a rotational reactor, which leads to the production of organic-mineral fertilizers. The effectiveness of this method has been tested in chemical and microbiological analyses. The results of the study confirm the possibility of the environmental usage of utilization-products.

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Wilujeng Ekawati, Arning, Ating Yuniarti, and Marsoedi Marsoedi. "Chicken Feather Silage Meal As A Fish Meal Protein Source Replacement In Feed Formula Of Pomfret (Colossoma macropomum)." Research Journal of Life Science 3, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2016.003.02.4.

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Chen, Ying, Yajun Wu, Jing Wang, Baoliang Xu, Zhengyu Zhong, and Jingshi Xia. "Identification of Cervidae DNAin Feedstuff Using a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method with the New Fluorescence Intercalating Dye EvaGreen." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.1.175.

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Abstract A real-time qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction method (cer-194) using the fluorescence dye EvaGreen and aimed at the cytochrome b sequence was established for detection of cervidae DNA in feedstuff. Eight meat meal samples derived from deer, bovine, ovine, camel, pig, rabbit, fish, and chicken and 17 cervidae hair samples covering 2 subfamilies, 4 genera, and 7 species were tested to prove the specificity of the cer-194 system and its universality within the cervidae family. Detection limit of 0.1 deer meat in fish meal, blood powder, and feather powder matrixes was confirmed.

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Al-jelawi-, Rabab Omran. "PRODUCTION OF KERATINASES FROM NOCARDIOPSIS SP. 28ROR AS A NOVEL IRAQI STRAIN." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16427.

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Objectives: isolate a novel feather- degrading actinobacterial species had the ability to produce wide pH activity keratinases.Methods: Of 23 actinobacterial isolates were recovered from farm soil, poultry farm soil and feather wastes, these isolates were screened for protease and keratinase production on skim milk agar, feather media, and antimicrobial production. One potential isolate was identified depending on phenotypical, physiological and molecular according to partial sequences of 16S r RNA gene analysis and optimized keratinase production. Results: 11 isolates out of 22 protease producer had the ability to degrade raw chicken feather and some of these isolates produced antifungal and antibacterial metabolites.The potential isolate, Nocardiopsis sp. 28ROR (GenBank: KC702802.1), produced two types of extracellular keratinases in feather meal medium at pH6 (acid type), 30-35°C for 7d and the alkaline keratinase at pH10, 40°C for 7d.Conclusion: The Nocardiopsis sp. 28ROR was a novel strain produced keratinases using feather meal degradation as a cheap waste medium. The wide tolerance of temperature and pH by keratinase makes it an ideal contender to be investigated further for potential application as a detergent additive.Keywords: Nocardiopsis, Keratinase, Optimization, Feather medium, Antibiotic.

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Machado, Juliana R., Emanuelle E. Severo, Janaina M. G. de Oliveira, Joana da C. Ores, Adriano Brandelli, and Susana J. Kalil. "One-Step Ultrafiltration Process for Separation and Purification of a Keratinolytic Protease Produced with Feather Meal." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018 (June 28, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6729490.

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A purification technique to obtain keratinolytic proteases produced byBacillussp. P45 in a medium containing chicken feather meal as substrate is presented. The experiments were carried out in a dead-end ultrafiltration unit, and the influence of the membrane cutoff, pH of enzymatic extract, and operating pressure on the purification of keratinase were studied. The one-step ultrafiltration process with the membrane molecular mass cutoff of 10 kDa at pH 8.0 and operating pressure of 0.147 MPa showed an enzyme recovery of 87.8% and a 4.1-fold purification factor. It is showed that ultrafiltration could be potentially used in the purification of keratinases.

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Akpor, Oghenerobor B., Damilola E. Odesola, Remilekun E. Thomas, and Olarewaju M. Oluba. "Chicken feather hydrolysate as alternative peptone source for microbial cultivation." F1000Research 7 (December 10, 2018): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17134.1.

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Background: Commercially available conventional growth medium for the culture of microbes are expensive, hence the need for alternative cheaper sources. Poultry waste, in the form of feather and blood, are of value in biotechnology because of their high protein content. Hence the primary aim of this study was to produce a cheaper peptone alternative from chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) and blood meal (BM). Methods: We monitored the growth of selected bacteria and fungi in different concentrations of medium produced from varying combination of peptone, CFPH and BM in order to determine the combination that produced maximum growth. Five different media, namely 100% peptone (control), 100% BM, 40% peptone + 60% CFPH, 40% BM + 60% CFPH and 20% peptone + 20% BM + 60% CFPH were prepared and used for the study. The different media were inoculated with 1 ml of each test organism (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida carpophila, Candida tropicalis and Pichia kundriavzevii) and their growth monitored for 10 h. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus grew best in the 100% peptone, Klebsiella pneumoniae grew best in 100 BM. The fungi species were observed to grow best in 100% peptone. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of TCA, HCl, and HNO3 gave the best growth of E. coli. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of TCA) also gave the best growth of C. tropicalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. Conclusions: Overall, the 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination showed the most potential as an alternative to peptone, especially for E. coli.

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Akpor, Oghenerobor B., Damilola E. Odesola, Remilekun E. Thomas, and Olarewaju M. Oluba. "Chicken feather hydrolysate as alternative peptone source for microbial cultivation." F1000Research 7 (January 30, 2019): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17134.2.

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Background: Commercially available conventional growth medium for the culture of microbes are expensive, hence the need for alternative cheaper sources. Poultry waste, in the form of feather and blood, are of value in biotechnology because of their high protein content. Hence the primary aim of this study was to produce a cheaper peptone alternative from chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) and blood meal (BM). Methods: We monitored the growth of selected bacteria and fungi in different concentrations of medium produced from varying combination of peptone, CFPH and BM in order to determine the combination that produced maximum growth. Five different media, namely 100% peptone (control), 100% BM, 40% peptone + 60% CFPH, 40% BM + 60% CFPH and 20% peptone + 20% BM + 60% CFPH were prepared and used for the study. The different media were inoculated with 1 ml of each test organism (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida carpophila, Candida tropicalis and Pichia kundriavzevii) and their growth monitored for 10 h. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus grew best in the 100% peptone, Klebsiella pneumoniae grew best in 100 BM. The fungi species were observed to grow best in 100% peptone. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitic acid (HNO3) gave the best growth of E. coli. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of TCA) also gave the best growth of C. tropicalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusions: Overall, the 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination showed the most potential as an alternative to peptone, especially for E. coli.

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Akpor, Oghenerobor B., Damilola E. Odesola, Remilekun E. Thomas, and Olarewaju M. Oluba. "Chicken feather hydrolysate as alternative peptone source for microbial cultivation." F1000Research 7 (August 7, 2019): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17134.3.

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Background: Commercially available conventional growth media for the culture of microbes are expensive, hence the need for alternative cheaper sources. Livestock waste, in the form of feather and blood, are of value in biotechnology because of their high protein content. Hence the primary aim of this study was to produce a cheaper peptone alternative from chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) and blood meal (BM). Methods: The growth of selected bacteria and fungi was monitored in different media prepared from varied concentrations of peptone, CFPH and BM in order to determine the combination that produced maximum growth. Five different media, namely 100% peptone (control), 100% BM, 40% peptone + 60% CFPH, 40% BM + 60% CFPH and 20% peptone + 20% BM + 60% CFPH were prepared and used for the study. The different media were inoculated with 1 ml of each test organism ( Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida carpophila, Candida tropicalis and Pichia kundriavzevii) and their growth monitored for 10 h. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus grew best in the 100% peptone, Klebsiella pneumoniae grew best in 100 BM. The fungi species were observed to grow best in 100% peptone. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO 3) gave the best growth of E. coli. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of TCA) also gave the best growth of C. tropicalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusions: Overall, the 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination showed the most potential as an alternative to peptone, especially for E. coli.

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PAPADOPOULOS, M. C., A. R. EL BOUSHY, and E. H. KETELAARS. "Effect of Different Processing Conditions on Amino Acid Digestibility of Feather Meal Determined by Chicken Assay." Poultry Science 64, no. 9 (September 1985): 1729–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0641729.

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Jeampakdee, Pichamon, Songchan Puthong, Piroonporn Srimongkol, Papassara Sangtanoo, Tanatorn Saisavoey, and Aphichart Karnchanatat. "The apoptotic and free radical–scavenging abilities of the protein hydrolysate obtained from chicken feather meal." Poultry Science 99, no. 3 (March 2020): 1693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.050.

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Anggraini, Apriliana Devi, Ferry Poernama, Chusnul Hanim, and Nanung Danar Dono. "PENGGUNAAN PROTEASE DALAM PAKAN YANG MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH PERTANIAN-PETERNAKAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN AYAM BROILER." Buletin Peternakan 41, no. 3 (August 30, 2017): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i3.10755.

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This study was aimed to determine the effects of protease supplementation in diets with agricultural-livestock by products on the growth performance in broiler chickens. The commercial protease used in current study was produced by Bacillus licheniformis which based on keratinase. The treatment diets were a control basal diet without agricultural-livestock by-products and protease supplementation (P1); P1 + 0.05% protease; basal diet with meat bone meal (MBM) and distiller’s dried grain with soluble (DDGS) suppementation (P3); P3 + 0.05% protease (P4); basal diet with hydrolized chicken feather meal (HCFM) and DDGS supplementation (P5); P5 + 0.05% protease. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using Complete Randomized Design, and analyzed subsequently by Orthogonal Contrats Test. Results showed that protease supplementation in the diets containing agricultural-livestock by-products did not affect growth performance of broiler chickens in starter phase and overall age phase. However, in diets containing MBM, protease supplementation reduced the nett gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in finisher phase (P<0.05). In diets containing HCFM, protease supplementation increased nett gain and FCR (P<0.05), compared to those of containing MBM. It could be concluded that qualified HCFM, MBM, and DDGS can be used as alternatives for protein-energy source feed stuffs in starter phase, as they did not reduce growth performance of broiler chickens. Protease used in this study might be more effective in diets containing HCFM than those of containing MBM and DDGS.Keywords: Agricultural-livestock by-products, Broilers chickens, Growth performance, Protease.

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M. Oluba, Olarewaju, Chimelu Okongwu, Temitayo Lawa, and Oghenerobor B. Akpor. "Growth Performance and Toxicological Assessments of Chicken Feather Protein Hydrolysate as Fish Meal Substitute in Rat Diet." Asian Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 3 (June 15, 2019): 450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajsr.2019.450.461.

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Pongkai, Puttaporn, Tanatorn Saisavoey, Papassara Sangtanoo, Polkit Sangvanich, and Aphichart Karnchanatat. "Effects of protein hydrolysate from chicken feather meal on tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in B16F10 murine melanoma cells." Food Science and Biotechnology 26, no. 5 (August 18, 2017): 1199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-017-0186-z.

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Purandaradas, A., T. Silambarasan, Kadarkarai Murugan, Ranganathan Babujanarthanam, Arumugam Dhanesh Gandhi, Kayal Vizhi Dhandapani, Devipriya Anbumani, and P. Kavitha. "Development and quantification of biodiesel production from chicken feather meal as a cost-effective feedstock by using green technology." Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports 14 (July 2018): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.04.012.

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Adelina, Adelina, Feli Feliatra, Yusni Ikhwan Siregar, Iskandar Putra, and Indra Suharman. "Use of chicken feather meal fermented with Bacillus subtilis in diets to increase the digestive enzymes activity and nutrient digestibility of silver pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801)." F1000Research 10 (January 15, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26834.1.

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Background: Feather has the potential to be used as a fish feed ingredient because it has high protein content (80-85%), and is rich in amino acids arginine, leucine, isoleucine and valine. However, the protein consists mainly of keratin, which is classified as fiber that is difficult to digest. Therefore, to improve digestibility, the keratin protein is degraded using microbial Bacillus subtilis. This study aimed to determine the digestibility of fermented feather meal (FFM) in silver pompano diets and to observe the histological structure of their intestines after digestion. Methods: The method used was a one factor experiment with five treatments and three replications each, which were: diet without FFM (P0), diet containing 10% FFM (P1), 20% (P2), 30% (P3) and 40% (P4). The diets were given to juvenile silver pompano (with average body weight of 8.56 ± 0.18 g) and stocked with 10 fish in a 100 L capacity container. The experimental diets were given three times daily at approximately 8.00 AM, 12.00 PM and 5.00 PM to apparent satiation for 60 days. Results: The results showed that the use of FFM increased the activity of digestive enzymes (protease and lipase), but reduced the amylase activity of silver pompano, which was significantly different between treatments (P <0.05). Meanwhile, the diet containing 20% FFM produced the highest feed and protein, which are 37.05% and 67.24%, respectively. This was significantly different from other treatments (P <0.05), and was effectively absorbed by fish intestines. Conclusion: The addition of chicken feather meal fermented with Bacillus subtilis could increase the activity of digestive enzymes and nutrient digestibility of silver pompano.

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Machuca Loja, Geanina, Braulio Absalón Madrid Celi, Diana SanMartin Galvan, and Jhonny Perez Rodriguez. "Queratina a partir de la hidrólisis enzimática de harina de plumas de pollo, utilizando queratinasas producidas por Bacillus subtilis / Getting keratin from feather meal using keratinases produced by Bacillus subtilis." Ciencia Unemi 9, no. 20 (December 20, 2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol9iss20.2016pp50-58p.

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El objetivo de la presente investigación fue hidrolizar harina de plumas de pollo para la obtención de queratina. El diseño metodológico de la investigación fue experimental; se realizaron cuatro fermentaciones correspondientes a un diseño experimental completamente al azar, resultantes de considerar factores [concentración de sustrato (18 g/L y 23 g/L) y concentración del inóculo (2 y 3 g/L), dos niveles para cada factor]. La determinación de la concentración de nitrógeno total se efectuó mediante espectrofotometría UV-Visibles, el método utilizado fue la digestión de persulfato de potasio (K2S2O8), la concentración máxima de nitrógeno se alcanzó en el tratamiento 2 (1,5 %), lo cual multiplicado por el factor proteico 6,25 dio un porcentaje de proteína de 9,4% de queratina en el hidrolizado, presentando diferencia significativa (p<0,05) del resto de tratamientos, al cabo de 24 horas de retención hidráulica. En conclusión, es posible la hidrólisis enzimática de harina de plumas de pollo utilizando el Bacillus subtilis como productor de proteasas. ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was hydrolyzed feather meal of chicken for the production of keratin. The methodological research design was experimental; four fermentations, corresponding to a completely randomized experimental design, resulting from considering factors [substrate concentration (18 g / L and 23 g / L) and concentration of inoculum (2 and 3 g / L), two levels was performed for each factor]. Determining the total nitrogen concentration was performed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, the method used is the persulfate potassium digestion (K2S2O8), the maximum concentration of nitrogen is reached in the treatment 2 (1.5%) which multiplied by the factor protein 6.25 gives a percentage of 9.4% protein in the hydrolyzed keratin, showing significant difference (p<0.05) from other treatments at 24 hours hydraulic retention. In conclusion the enzymatic hydrolysis of chicken feather meal is possible using the Bacillus subtilis as a producer of proteases.

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Fakhfakh-Zouari, Nahed, Noomen Hmidet, Anissa Haddar, Safia Kanoun, and Moncef Nasri. "A Novel Serine Metallokeratinase from a Newly Isolated Bacillus pumilus A1 Grown on Chicken Feather Meal: Biochemical and Molecular Characterization." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 162, no. 2 (December 13, 2009): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8774-x.

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de Oliveira, Cassio Carmo, Ana Karoliny Santos de Souza, and Ruann Janser Soares de Castro. "Bioconversion of Chicken Feather Meal by Aspergillus niger: Simultaneous Enzymes Production Using a Cost-Effective Feedstock Under Solid State Fermentation." Indian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12088-019-00792-3.

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Thamren, Muhammad Y., Agung Setia Batubara, Nurfadillah Nurfadillah, Irma Dewiyanti, and Zainal A. Muchlisin. "The negative effect of the chicken feather meal in the diet on growth performance of the shortfin eel Anguilla bicolor larvae." Aceh Journal of Animal Science 3, no. 2 (August 26, 2018): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/ajas.3.2.11554.

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The aim of these study was to examine the effect of the replacement fish meal with chicken feather meal (CFM) for eel Anguilla bicolor larvae. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Ichthyology, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries of Syiah Kuala University on September to October 2017. The Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 4 replications were used in this study. The tested dosage of CFM were of 0% CFM (control), 10% CFM, 20% CFM, 30% CFM, 40% CFM, 50% CFM and 60% CFM, where each treatment were contained of protein 32.26% (0% CFM), 33.09% (10% CFM), 36.20% (20% CFM), 39.10% (30% CFM), 41.22% (40% CFM), 45.43 ( 50% CFM) and 40.02% (60% CFM). The experimental fish were stocked in the plastic container at the stocking density of 15 fish container-1 and fed the experimental diets at the feeding level of 10% body weight a day for 60 days. The results showed that the application of CFM in the diet was not given a significant effect on the weight gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate (P>0.05). In addition, the fish fed on CFM did not show growth rate even reduces the body weight of the experimental fish. It is concluded that the application of the CFM in diet gave the negative effect on the growth performance of the eel larvae.

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Adelina, Adelina, Feli Feliatra, Yusni Ikhwan Siregar, Iskandar Putra, and Indra Suharman. "Use of chicken feather meal fermented with Bacillus subtilis in diets to increase the digestive enzymes activity and nutrient digestibility of silver pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801)." F1000Research 10 (March 25, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26834.2.

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Background: Feather has the potential to be used as a fish feed ingredient because it has high protein content (80-85%), and is rich in amino acids arginine, leucine, isoleucine and valine. However, the protein consists mainly of keratin, which is classified as fiber that is difficult to digest. Therefore, to improve digestibility, the keratin protein is degraded using microbial Bacillus subtilis. This study aimed to determine the digestibility of fermented feather meal (FFM) in silver pompano (Trachinotus blochii) diets and to observe the histological structure of their intestines after digestion. Methods: The method used was a one factor experiment with five treatments and three replications each, which were: diet without FFM, diet containing 10% FFM, 20%, 30% and 40%. The diets were given to juvenile silver pompano (with average body weight of 8.56 ± 0.18 g) and stocked in 15 similar 20-L plastic jars with 10 fish per jar in a density of 100 L capacity container. The experimental diets were given three times daily at approximately 8.00 AM, 12.00 PM and 5.00 PM to apparent satiation for 60 days. Results: The results showed that the use of FFM increased the activity of digestive enzymes (protease and lipase), but reduced the amylase activity of silver pompano, which was significantly different between treatments (P <0.05). Meanwhile, the diet containing 20% FFM produced the highest feed and protein, which are 37.05% and 67.24%, respectively. This was significantly different from other treatments (P <0.05), and was effectively absorbed by fish intestines. Conclusion: The addition of chicken feather meal fermented with Bacillus subtilis could increase the activity of protease and lipase enzymes and nutrient digestibility of silver pompano but not amylase activity.

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Rachmawati, Diana, and Istiyanto Samidjan. "The effects of chicken feather silage substitution for fish meal in the diet on growth of saline tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 246 (May 20, 2019): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/246/1/012015.

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Silva, Julia Marixara Sousa da, Christiane Silva Souza, Alison Batista Vieira Silva Gouveia, Weslane Justina da Silva, Lorrayne Moraes de Paulo, Fabrício Eumar de Sousa, Jiovanna Gonçalves Sousa, Cíntia Silva Minafra e. Rezende, Fabiana Ramos dos Santos, and Cibele Silva Minafra. "Composition, Digestibility, and Microbiological Quality of the Animal-Origin Meal." Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i1.16531.

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There is currently a growing interest of animal nutritionists and farmers in the use of by-products and/or agro-industrial residues in feeds. The purpose is to reduce production costs, since feed represents nearly 70% of the cost of production, as well as to allocate waste properly, minimizing potential environmental impacts. The characteristics of the residues used and their physical and/ or chemical limitations should be known, providing nutritionist with the correct information for the best choice and use of these ingredients for animal nutrition. This study aims to characterize the centesimal and energetic composition, digestibility, and microbiological quality of animal-origin meals in non-ruminant feeds. Samples of animal-origin meals – AOM (n=210), hydrolyzed feather meals (n=70), chicken offal meal (n=70), and pig offal meal (n=70) were evaluated. The following variables were determined: moisture, crude protein, amino acids, ethereal extract, ash content, FAO grain size analysis, and protein digestibility. Peroxide and acidity levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative process. The microbiological quality of AOM evaluated by the presence/absence of Salmonella spp.; the apparent metabolizable energy was verified by the indirect method using prediction equations. The amounts of proteins, minerals, amino acids, and energy differed from those reported in the literature. These results were possibly due to the different operational processes performed in each one of the experiments, as well as the proportions of constituents in the compared raw materials compared. Moreover, we observed that the AOM is within the Brazilian hygienic-sanitary standards.

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Gaskell, Mark. "133 Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Seven Organic Nitrogen Fertilizers Applied to Bell Peppers." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 464D—464. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.464d.

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Organic vegetable production acreage is expanding in California, but little research-based information is available to guide growers. Several new organic fertilizer materials are available but little data exists on efficient use of these materials. During 1998, the following materials: compost (C), pelleted chicken manure (PCM), fish meal (FM), liquid fish (LF), liquid soybean meal (LSM), feather meal (FTM), and seabird guano (SG) were evaluated. Each material was applied at treatment rates of 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg nitrogen (N)/ha to transplanted, sprinkler irrigated bell peppers. The materials were applied as 30N pre-transplant (PRE) and 30N at 20 days post-transplant (POST) for the 60N treatment; 60N PRE and 30N at 20 days POST and 30N at 40 days POST for the 120N treatment; and 60N PRE, 30N at 20 days POST, 45N at 40 days POST, and 45N at 70 days POST for the 180N treatment. Weekly soil nitrate nitrogen (SSN) over 16 weeks POST and fresh pepper yield was determined for all treatments. Weekly SSN varied from lows of 4 mg·kg-1 in 0N-treated plots to over 80 mg·kg-1 in FTM 180N-treated plots. Highest SSN was observed in FTM-, SG-, LSM-, LF-, and FM-treated plots at 180N and peaks in SSN lagged fertilizer application 3 to 4 weeks. Total pepper yield was not as markedly affected as early yield and size. Highest early yield and largest sizes were observed in FTM 180N-treated plots. Compost treated plots at 180N produced highest economic return per fertilizer dollar.

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Gameiro, Mariana, Pedro Lisboa, Alexandre Paiva, Susana Barreiros, and Pedro Simões. "Supercritical carbon dioxide-based integrated continuous extraction of oil from chicken feather meal, and its conversion to biodiesel in a packed-bed enzymatic reactor, at pilot scale." Fuel 153 (August 2015): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.100.

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Richert, Jacob A., Morgan T. Thayer, Karissa N. Rulon, Jon Ferrel, John S. Radcliffe, Allan P. Schinckel, and Brian T. Richert. "PSVI-17 The Effect of Dacitic Tuff Breccia Alone or in Combination with Poultry By-products on Nursery Pig Growth Performance." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.331.

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Abstract Dacitic tuff breccia (DTB) and poultry by-products (PBP) were added to nursery pig diets to evaluate their effects on growth performance in a 35 d experiment. A randomized complete block design based on BW and sex was used. Newly weaned pigs (N=564, 20.1 d of age, 6.18±0.006 kg initial BW) allotted to four diets (15 replicates/treatment; 9 or 10 pigs/pen): 1) Negative control (NC; no DTB or PBP), 2) NC+DTB (0.5% inclusion), 3) NC+PBP (4% chicken by-product meal + 2% feather meal – replacing fishmeal, corn, and synthetic amino acids in the NC), 4) NC+DTB+PBP. Phase 1–3 were each 7-d and Phase 4 was from d21-35. During week one there were no differences (P >0.10) among treatments. In week 2, pigs fed DTB tended to increase ADG (323 vs. 303 g/d; P=0.068) and ADFI (376 vs. 356 g/d; P=0.055) compared to pigs not fed DTB and pigs fed PBP tended to have increased ADG (P=0.093). In week 3 pigs fed PBP had reduced ADG (460 vs 483 g/d; P=0.011) and G:F (0.689 vs. 0.723; P< 0.001), and there tended to be an interaction for G:F (P=0.083) with DTB improving G:F when fed in combination with PBP but reducing G:F in the control diet. In week 4, feeding PBP decreased ADG (384 vs 415 g/d; P< 0.01) and ADFI (629 vs 666 g/d; P< 0.01) compared to pigs fed no PBP. There were no differences among treatments during week 5. For Phase 4 (d21-35) pigs fed PBP had decreased ADG (479 vs 497 g/d; P=0.041) and tended to have reduced ADFI (P=0.092) compared to pigs fed no PBP. Overall (d 0–35), there were no significant differences among treatments. In conclusion, DTB improved nursery pig growth performance early, however, pigs fed PBP had decreased ADG and feed efficiency late in the nursery period.

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Park, Chan Sol, Victor Naranjo, Ariane Helmbrecht, John K. Htoo, and Olayiwola Adeola. "118 Digestibility of amino acids in hydrolyzed feather meal, flash dried poultry protein, poultry meal, and meat and bone meal fed to broiler chickens and pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.120.

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Abstract This study was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), flash dried poultry protein (FDPP), poultry meal (PM), and meat and bone meal (MBM) fed to broiler chickens and pigs. Four semi-purified diets and a nitrogen-free diet were prepared. Exp. 1 was conducted with 416 male broiler chickens (initial body weight [BW] = 705 ± 100.0 g) at d 18 post-hatching in a randomized complete block design. Birds were fed diets for 5 d and then euthanized to collect ileal digesta. In Exp. 2, ten barrows (initial BW = 22.1 ± 1.59 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were assigned to duplicate 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 5 diets and 4 periods. There were 5-d adaptation and 2-d ileal digesta collection periods in each experimental period. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with the effects of species (i.e., broiler chickens and pigs) and four experimental diets. There were interactions (P < 0.05) in the SID of His, Lys, Thr, Trp, and Val between diets and species. In broiler chickens, the SID of Lys in MBM was greater (P < 0.05) than HFM and FDPP but was not different from PM. Pigs fed MBM had greater (P < 0.05) SID of Lys than HFM, FDPP, and PM. In broiler chickens, the SID of His, Thr, and Trp in FDPP and PM were greater (P < 0.05) than HFM but was less (P < 0.05) than MBM. In pigs, the SID of His, Thr, and Trp in FDPP and PM were greater (P < 0.05) than HFM but was not different from MBM. In conclusion, differences in the SID of AA among animal protein sources were affected by species of monogastric animals.

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Murzha, I. I., V. G. Кеbkо, Yu P. Polupan, M. G. Porhun, L. O. Dedova, and I. M. Zazulya. "LIVE WEIGHT, SAFETY, SLAUGHTER YIELD AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS WHEN FED WITH COMBINED BLOOD-FEATHER FEED ADDITIVE." Animal Breeding and Genetics 56 (December 4, 2018): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.56.09.

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Introduction. In recent years, the production of feed additives of animal origin in Ukraine has declined sharply, and the cost of imported additives is very high. At the same time, in our country, the industry of industrial poultry farming has recently received intensive development, in particular, the cultivation and processing of broiler chickens for meat. At the same time, a significant amount of non-food waste from poultry slaughter in many poultry farms is not processed for feed purposes. Currently, an urgent problem is the organization of processing of non-food waste of poultry for feed purposes at poultry farms of industrial type of cultivation for meat of broiler chickens, primarily from blood and hydrolyzed raw materials. Processing of these wastes for feed purposes will not only give the opportunity to increase the production of high-grade protein feed, but also to significantly improve environmental safety. The purpose of our research is to study the meat productivity, safety, slaughter yield and quality of broiler chicken meat when feeding a combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed raw materials. Materials and methods of research. Development of an innovative technological line for the production of a combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed raw materials was carried out in LLC "Complex Agromars" (village of Havrylivka, Vyshgorod district of Kyiv region), and research on the effectiveness of feeding a combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed raw materials was performed in the production conditions of LLC "Bila Hora" Sniatynskyi district of Ivano-Frankivsk region. Research result. Development of innovative technological line was carried out in cooperation with engineering and technical staff of LLC "Complex Agromars". The innovative technological line is designed and installed using devices and mechanisms of the company "Haarslev Industries". In order to study the effectiveness of feeding a combined blood-feather feed additive for the experiment, four groups of broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 cross were formed, 50 heads in each, according to the following scheme: one group of broiler chickens was taken as a control group, and the next three groups – as research groups. Cultivation of broiler chickens in the experiment was carried out according to the traditional technology of feeding on standard compound feeds adopted in industrial broiler poultry farming, which, depending on the age and growth of chickens, includes 3 phases: "Start" – 14 days, "Growth" – 18 days, "Finish" – 12 days. According to the scheme of experience, the control group of chickens received standard feed without blood-feather feed additive. The difference in feeding of the broiler chickens of the experimental groups was in different levels of feeding with experimental combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed feather raw materials, which, depending on the age and growth of chickens, included in the feed of the I group from 4 to 12%, of the II group – from 3 to 10%, of the III group – from 2 to 8%. As a result of the studies it was found that at the end of the experiment at 44-day age the average live weight of broiler chickens of the control group was 2630 g, of the experimental group I – 2885 g, of the group II –2790 g, of the group III – 2680 g. For 44 days of experience the following amounts died: in the control group – 2 chickens, in the experimental group I – 1 chicken, in the group II – no chickens, in the group III – 1 chicken. Slaughter of broiler chickens and meat tasting was carried out in the company "Bilyi Bereh" of Ternopil region at the age of 44 days. It was established that the average slaughter yield of 1 carcass of broiler chicken meat was: in the control group – 1920, in the experimental group I – 2106 g, in the group II – 2037 g, in the group III – 1956 g. The difference in quality of meat of broiler chickens of control and experimental groups by results of tasting was not revealed. Summary: In LLC "Complex Agromars" (village of Havrylivka, Vyshgorod district of Kyiv region) designed and implemented an innovative technological line for production of ecologically safe combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed feather raw materials from non-food waste slaughter of broiler chickens when growing for meat. In the course of scientific and economic experiment it was found that the inclusion in the standard traditional feed in different phases of cultivation of broiler chickens for meat of about 4 to 12% of the combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed feather raw materials increased their average live weight from 2630g in the control group to 2885 g, and the average slaughter yield of 1 meat carcass – from 1920 g in the control group to 2106 g.

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Escobedo del Bosque, Cynthia I., Gesa Busch, Achim Spiller, and Antje Risius. "My Meat Does Not Have Feathers: Consumers’ Associations with Pictures of Different Chicken Breeds." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 33, no. 3-6 (November 18, 2020): 505–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-020-09836-x.

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AbstractThe use of traditional chicken breeds with a dual purpose (egg and meat production) has become a relevant topic in Germany mainly due to animal welfare concerns and the importance of conserving genetic variability in poultry farming. However, consumers have little knowledge about the different chicken breeds used in the industry; making it challenging to communicate traditional breeds and their advantages to consumers. Hence, this study takes the approach to look at consumers’ perceptions of different breeds. We analyze consumers’ evaluations of pictures showing four dual-purpose chicken breeds. First, an eye-tracking study (n = 24) and think-aloud protocols (n = 28) were used to obtain open associations consumers make with each breed. Based on the results, an online survey was conducted (n = 933) to quantify consumers associations with different breeds and consumers’ interest in meat products with animal pictures on the packaging. Results show that consumers’ attention to pictures of chickens is mostly focused on their body and head, particularly with the Vorwerkhuhn. Consumers associate white breeds to white egg and meat production, while brown breeds are associated to brown egg production. Only a smaller segment of consumers (32%; n = 292), who are more engaged to animal welfare, accept pictures of animals on meat packages. We conclude that the marketing of meat products of traditional chicken breeds by using pictures is not a useful approach for the mass market. However, within smaller market concepts, such pictures can be used to communicate an alternative chicken meat production system that may lead to purchases of traditional dual-purpose breeds.

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Pasayev, Nazim, and Onur Tekoglu. "The use of chicken feather fibers as filling material in Winter clothes for heat insulation purposes." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-11-2017-0181.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the fibers obtained from chicken feathers have a possibility to be used or not used in Winter outerwears as a filling material in terms of thermal insulation parameters. Design/methodology/approach In the study, thermal properties of the heat-resistant interlining samples produced from the chicken feathers fibers were analyzed in comparison with the samples produced from the industrial filling materials. Findings In the study, it was revealed that the use of chicken feathers fibers as filling material in Winter outerwears was possible. Practical implications The use of chicken feather fibers in Winter outerwears as a filling material will be an extremely low-cost alternative to pile flies of water birds which are sufficiently expensive filling materials. Social implications A significant portion of the chicken feather, which is released as a by-product in the production of chicken meat, is destroyed as industrial waste by digging or burning. Some of this product is used in the production of such cheap products as poultry feed. In the case of the production of fibers from the chicken feather, the use of these fibers as a filler in Winter clothing along with environmental protection will allow the use of this product for the production of products of higher cost. Originality/value The use of feathers’ material as a filling material in Winter outerwears has been known since ancient times. Due to the rough structure and low elasticity of chicken feathers, chicken feathers are not the best raw material for this purpose. This study revealed that it is possible to use chicken feathers as a filling material in terms of heat protection. The study is original in this respect.

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Ravindran, V., L. I. Hew, G. Ravindran, and W. L. Bryden. "Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in dietary ingredients for broiler chickens." Animal Science 81, no. 1 (August 2005): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc42240085.

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AbstractThe apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in 107 samples representing 22 food ingredients were determined using 6-week-old broiler chickens. The ingredients assayed included five cereals (barley, maize, sorghum, triticale and wheat), two cereal by-products (rice polishings and wheat middlings), four oilseed meals (canola, cottonseed, soya-bean and sunflower meals), full-fat canola, maize gluten meal, four grain legumes (chickpeas, faba beans, field peas and lupins) and five animal protein sources (blood, feather, fish, meat and meat and bone meals). The mean ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in wheat and maize were higher than those in sorghum, triticale and barley. However, variations observed in individual amino acid digestibilities among samples within cereal type were greater than those determined between cereals. Threonine and lysine were the least digestible indispensable amino acids in the five cereals evaluated. The most digestible indispensable amino acid was phenylalanine in wheat and, leucine in maize and sorghum. In the case of the wheat middlings and rice polishings, threonine was the least digestible indispensable amino acid and arginine was the best digested.In the oilseed meals assayed, amino acid digestibility was highest for soya-bean and sunflower meals, intermediate for canola meal and lowest for cottonseed meal. Ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in lupins were found to be slightly lower than those in soya-bean meal. The amino acid digestibilities of field peas, faba beans and chickpeas were considerably lower than those of lupins. Digestibility of arginine was the highest and that of threonine was the lowest of the indispensable amino acids in oilseed meals and grain legumes, except in cottonseed meal. Lysine was the least digestible amino acid in cottonseed meal.In the animal protein sources assayed, digestibility coefficients of amino acids in blood meal were high, intermediate in fish meal, and low in meat meal, meat and bone meal and feather meal. Variation in amino acid digestibility coefficients determined for blood meal samples was small. However, wide variations in amino acid digestibilities were observed for other animal protein sources, highlighting significant batch-to-batch differences. In particular, marked variations were determined for meat meal and meat and bone meal samples. Cystine was the least digested amino acid in animal protein meals, with the exception of blood meal in which isoleucine had the lowest digestibility. The limitations of using apparent digestibility values in diet formulations and the concept of the standardized digestibility system to overcome these limitations are discussed.

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Leakalala Moloto, Mahlatse, and Solly Matshonisa Seeletse. "Some leading causes of emerging rural poultry small and medium enterprises failure in South Africa." Environmental Economics 7, no. 3 (October 21, 2016): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(3).2016.03.

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This study examines the factors that cause failures of many South African rural small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in poultry business. The research method was qualitative phenomenology using in-depth, semi-structured interviews to explore the factors considered by rural chicken SMEs owners to be causes of their business difficulties. The study revealed that these entrepreneurships knew chicken business only from the home-grown chickens, and the local poultry was usually providing only meat. Compared to the local chickens that were cheap to acquire and nurture, the commercial ones had to be purchased, nourished with purchased foods, supported with electricity light at night, and still, some died. It was much cheaper to raise indigenous chickens. The results indicate that rural poultry SMEs owners did not know that buying a commercial chick carries benefits that range from eggs, feathers, meat, and other chicken products. Also, after purchasing each chick, there are more additional investments needed to maintain the market standard. The study enlightens chicken entrepreneurs that they should, first, learn the insight of business, the poultry industry, and the context of the business they wish to pursue. Keywords: competition, formal market, informal business, SMEs, poultry, rural, tax. JEL Classification: Q13, O17

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Papadopoulos, M. C. "Amino acid content and protein solubility of feather meal as affected by different processing conditions." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 33, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v33i3.16849.

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Feathers of broiler chickens were autoclaved for 30 to 70 min and feather moisture content was varied from 50 to 70% with no addition, addition of 0.2 to 0.6% sodium hydroxide or addition of 0.2 to 0.6% proteolytic enzyme. During processing there was marked degradation of cystine and smaller losses of the limiting amino acids lysine, methionine and histidine. Most of the lost cystine seemed to be converted to lanthionine. Digestibility (in pepsin-HCl solution) and solubility (in alkali or acid solvents) of feather meal protein were increased as a result of processing. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Papadopoulos, M. C. "Biological evaluation of the effect of processing conditions on feather meal amino acid digestibility." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 33, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v33i3.16850.

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Feathers were autoclaved for 30, 50 or 70 min without addition or with 0.4% sodium hydroxide or 0.4% proteolytic enzyme. Groups of 7 young male chickens were given feather meal as their only feed in 3 doses at intervals of 3 h. Excreta were collected during 36 h from the first intake of feather meal. Amino acid concentrations in ileal digesta were estimated 2.5 h after the last intake of feather meal and plasma amino acids were estimated 1 h after the last intake. There was considerable variation in true digestibility between individual amino acids ranging from 36% for aspartic acid to 87% for isoleucine. Mean true digestibility of lysine was 49, histidine 53, methionine 63 and cystine 49%. Amino acids were increased in the ileum and decreased in plasma as processing time of the feather meal was increased. It was concluded that quantitative digestibility estimations by excreta analysis of the individual amino acids have to be used for evaluation of quality of feather meal. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Hossain, MM, M. Nishibori, and MA Islam. "Meat Yield from Broiler, Indigenous Naked Neck and Full Feathered Chicken of Bangladesh." Agriculturists 10, no. 2 (December 25, 2012): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13142.

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Six males and 6 females in each genetic group (G) of broiler (Br), indigenous naked neck (Nana) and full feathered chicken (nana) at set three weight groups (WG); 0.75 kg, 1.00 kg and 1.25 kg were collected from different local markets and slaughtered. Meat yield traits of slaughtered chickens were recorded to identify a suitable G at a specific weight by comparing the meat yield of 3 Gs. Broiler had the highest breast, breast: dark meat and heart weight followed by Nana and nana while Nana had the highest gizzard weight followed by nana and Br. Dark, thigh, and giblet weight tended to increase in Nana followed by nana and Br. Male performed better than female for yielding meat except breast: dark meat and abdominal fat which was higher in female than that in male. The highest breast: dark meat of broiler, Nana and nana was observed in 1.00 kg, 0.75 kg and 1.25 kg WG, respectively. Indigenous chickens showed decreased head and feather weight but increased skin weight with increasing live weight. Notwithstanding, the highest skin weight was observed in Br followed by nana and Nana. The remarkable interaction of G x sex (S), G x WG, and G x S x WG was observed for breast: dark. The above findings reveal that Nana is comparable to Br, and better than nana for yielding meat. Of the feathering types, broiler is superior to nana for yield of meat. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13142 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 55-67

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., Hasnelly, Sofjan Iskandar, and Tike Sartika. "Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 22, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v22i2.1605.

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One of local chicken breeds develop in Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) is local SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken. This new improved local-meat-type breed was released with Ministry Agriculture Decree Number 39/Kpts/PK.020/1/2017 on 20th January 2017. SenSi-1 Agrinak was originally selected from native Sentul chicken breed obtained from Ciamis district in West Java Province. Selection criteria were two feather colors of grey or black spotted white (pucak), which were applied to both males and females. Pea-comb type was also one criterion for males, applied at the age of 10 weeks. Live weight at the age of 10 weeks with the selection intensity of 25% was applied to each generation of males chicken. Selection proceeded for six generations. Selection program was carried out under standard feed formulae containing around 17% crude protein with 2850 kcal ME/ kg, and containing other nutrients following the ones recommended for modern chicken of White Leghorn. Observation was conducted on each of about 2000 young chickens of grey and of Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak both males and females age of 10 and 84 weeks. Results showed that grey SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken in total population, had: i) Grey feather color distribution of 55.51% in males, and 60.77% in females; ii) Yellow shank color of 52.51% in males, and 33.33% in females; iii) Pea type comb of 90.98% in males, and 89.23% in females; iv). Ten weeks live weight of 886.38+142.93 g/bird in males, and 739.17+ 118.87 in females. Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken in total population, had: i) Pucak feather color of 75.65% in males, and 8330% in females; ii) Yellow shank color of 51.91% in males, and 36.59% in females; iii) Pea type comb of 91.55% in males, and 92.28% in females; iv) Ten weeks live weight of 908.76+ 130.98 g/bird in males, and 750.53+ 110.56 g/bird in females. Whilst for grey SenSi-1 Agrinak male chicken after selection had live weight at 10 weeks old of 1015+107 g/bird, and for Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak male chicken was 1051+76 g/bird. This initial performance information for those two breeds of considerably improved local chicken can be used as the base of information for SenSi-1 Agrinak breed for male line of meat type of local chicken breeding.

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Solcova, Olga, Jaroslav Knapek, Lenka Wimmerova, Kamila Vavrova, Tomas Kralik, Milena Rouskova, Stanislav Sabata, and Jiri Hanika. "Environmental aspects and economic evaluation of new green hydrolysis method for waste feather processing." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 23, no. 6 (April 9, 2021): 1863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02072-5.

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Abstract In recent years, an increase in the chicken meat process industry has been growing quickly, which brings a large amount of difficult to process waste, chicken feathers. These billions of kilograms create a serious waste problem over the world, furthermore, poultry feather processing is not only particularly difficult but also relatively expensive. In fact, there is no technology suitable for processing such huge quantities of feathers to guarantee sustainable development of the chicken meat industry together with processing of waste feathers. This article introduces a newly designed and original, highly efficient and environmentally friendly method of physicochemical hydrolysis of waste feathers. The hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of a weak organic carboxylic acid; thus, the resulting hydrolysate does not contain any salts or ashes. Therefore, a resulting hydrolysate, which includes a mixture of amino acids, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins and free fatty acids, is suitable for a variety of applications; e.g. as a chondroprotective agent in the treatment of joint diseases, nutrients for crop plants or targeted biostimulants for agriculture. This paper is focused not only on the process scale-up but also on environmental aspects and economic evaluations to bring general view of the process. Graphic abstract

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Sonubi, A. E., A. S. Adenaike, A. A. Dauda, T. P. Alao, B. O. Shonubi, O. A. Iyiola, T. J. Abayomi, and C. O. N. Ikeobi. "Bayesian principal component analysis of Nigerian indigenous normal feather chickens' body linear measurements." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i1.451.

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The indigenous chicken is a store house of unique genes that could be used in other parts of the world for improving other breeds. This study was carried out using bayesian principal component analysis and aimed objectively at determining the effect of sex on Nigerian indigenous normal feather chickens' body dimension, describing their body shape, and predicting their body weights from body measurements using orthogonal conformation traits derived from the principal components score. The parameters measured at 16 weeks of age were body weight, body length, breast girth, thigh length, shank length, shank diameter, keel length, wing length, wing span, and tail length on 233 randomly selected adult chickens. Sexual dimorphism was observed in all the traits with higher values recorded for males. Bayesian correlations among body weight and biometric traits were positive (r = 0.09 to 0.651 and 0.017 to 0.579 in male and female chickens respectively). The descriptive statistics showed that the mean body weight was 1.8085 ± 0.263 kg for males and 1.403 ± 0.226 kg for females. The first two principal components (PCs) were extracted for the males, both PCs components account for 72.21%. For the females, three PCs were extracted and they account for 77%. The first PC in each case accounted for the greatest percentage of the total variation. The use of orthogonal body shape characteristics derived from components' scores was more appropriate than the use of original traits in body weight prediction as multi-collinearity problems were eliminated. This led to simultaneous analysis of these body measurements rather than on individual basis. These components could be used as selection criteria for improving body weight of indigenous Nigerian chickens.

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Bhuiyan, A. K. F. H., M. S. A. Bhuiyan, and G. K. Deb. "Indigenous chicken genetic resources in Bangladesh: current status and future outlook." Animal Genetic Resources Information 36 (April 2005): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900001899.

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SummaryLivestock, especially poultry, is a promising sector for poverty reduction in Bangladesh. Approximately 140 millions chickens are scattered throughout 68 000 villages in the country, mostly of indigenous, non-descript type. The production system for indigenous chickens is smallholder backyard scavenging in nature with each family keeping an average of 6–7 chickens to meet family requirements, and from which a cash income can also be derived when necessary. Indigenous chickens produce about 75% of the eggs and 78% of the meat consumed domestically. Among said indigenous chicken genetic resources, non-descript Deshi, Aseel and Naked Neck breeds are noteworthyThe non-descript Deshi chicken constitutes about 90% of the indigenous population. Also known as ‘Murghi’, they have undergone unknown periods of natural selection and are a reservoir of excellent genetic diversity. They show high levels of morphological and phenotypic variability and increased fitness under natural settings. Studies reveal that they may be regarded as one breed or population because of the small genetic distances among them. Deshi chickens are characterized by black (75%) and red (25%) plumage colour; black (39%), yellow (32%) and white (29%) shank color; black (99%) eye color; bright red (59%) and pale (41%) comb colour; white (82%) and yellow (17%) skin colour; no definite (61%) and lacing (17%) feather pattern; medium (70%) and large (19%) body size; single comb (97%) and rudimentary spur (98%); medium egg size (80%); light brown (67%) and white (27%) egg shell colour. Regarding production traits, Deshi chickens have average hatch weight of 29 g; body weight at 4, 8, 12 weeks; weekly weight gain (0–12 weeks) of respectively of 77, 175, 315, 24 grams; age at first egg (175 days); weight of pullet (0.9 kg); mature body weight (1.3 kg); hatchability (52%); fertility (83%); annual egg production (45 -50 eggs); 9% mortality up to 500 days of age.The indigenous chicken population of Bangladesh has been undergoing genetic erosion since the 1960s, following the introduction of improved stock from developed countries. Efforts to sustain commercial hybrid broiler and layer chicken farming under intensive and semi-intensive production models have been tested, but efficiency of systematic characterization, screening, breed improvement and conservation programmes with the indigenous Deshi chickens at the smallholder village levels (in-situ) of Bangladesh are yet to be tested. Such an initiative may help to save these creatures from the grip of thethreat of extinction. This in turn may help to sustain village chicken production system in Bangladesh and could be a useful micro-economic strategy in the on-going poverty alleviation process in the country.

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Wei, Bai, Ke Shang, Se-Yeoun Cha, Jun-Feng Zhang, Hyung-Kwan Jang, and Min Kang. "Conjugative Plasmid-Mediated Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin Resistance in Genetically Diverse Escherichia coli from a Chicken Slaughterhouse." Animals 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 2491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092491.

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ESC-resistant E. coli isolates were collected from broiler chickens, a slaughterhouse, and retail meat to assess their dispersion and their involvement in cross-contamination. ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli were isolated during the slaughter process of all six investigated chicken flocks from scalding, feather removal, first conveyor, evisceration, second washing, third conveyor, and third washing areas, and from handling workers in the slaughterhouse. ESC-resistant E. coli isolates with the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type were found in the same site (scalding) on different sampling days. ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates were absent in the lairage area in the slaughterhouse, but present in the retail markets in 36.8% (7/19) of the chicken flocks. The blaCTX-M genes and blaCMY-2 were conjugated to recipient E. coli J53 in 67.5% (27/40) and 56.1% (23/41) of ESBL-producing and AmpC-producing E. coli isolates, respectively. The presence of the same conjugative plasmids was found in genetic diversity ESC-resistant E. coli colonies collected on different sampling days. Our study emphasizes that cross-contamination of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli in slaughterhouse has a crucial impact on the occurrence of ESC resistance in retail chicken meat.

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Talukder, Md Azharul Islam, Md Ashadul Alam, Md Moklesur Rahman, Md Abu Hemayet, and Md Asadul Islam. "Comparative performances of hilly chicken and naked neck hilly chicken at Naikhongchari hilly areas of Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2, no. 2 (August 9, 2016): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v2i2.29080.

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A total of 115 hilly chickens (92 female and 23 males) and 35 naked neck hilly Chickens (28 females and 7 males) were reared in open sided poultry house for 10 months period to compare their productive and reproductive performances. The mean body weights of adult female and male hilly birds and naked neck hilly birds were 2244, 2005 and 2664, 2576 g respectively. The age at first egg of both type of birds were 147 and 159 days respectively and hen-day egg production were 27±1.4 and 35±3.3 respectively. The average egg weight was 41±4 and 38±3.6 g respectively. Both type of bird per day average feed consumption were 97.61±11 and 102±22 g and mortality were 15.56±3.7 and 11.42±2.7 percent respectively. The average hatchability percentage performed by 14 broody hens reared on litter floor was 67.5±10 and 57±22 percent respectively. The average hatching egg weight and chick weight were 47.28±3, 41.48±1 and 31.4±3, 29.6±4 g respectively. The body weight of growing hilly bird and Naked Neck hilly bird after eleven weeks of age were 727.3±17.4 and 645±97.6g, respectively and Feed conversion ratios (FCR) were 3.39 and 3.34 respectively. It was concluded that Hilly chicken improved by body weight than previous year and both feathered and Naked Neck Hilly chicken given an indication of meat type native chicken and required to reproduce to have large stock for undertaking conservation and further improvement programme.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 348-351

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Wecke, Christian, Daulat Rehman Khan, Angela Sünder, and Frank Liebert. "Age and Gender Depending Growth of Feathers and Feather-Free Body in Modern Fast Growing Meat-Type Chickens." Open Journal of Animal Sciences 07, no. 04 (2017): 376–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2017.74029.

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Sultana, F., MA Ali, and I. Jahan. "Growth Performance Meat Yield and Profitability of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Incorporating Cassava Tuber Meal." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 5, no. 1 (August 6, 2012): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11552.

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A total of sixty, 14-day old broiler chickens (Cobb-500) of either sex were used in this study to assess the effects of processed cassava tuber meals (0, 15, 30, and 45 gkg-1) on growth responses, meat yield, and profitability of boilers; rearing from day 14 to day 33 of ages. The experimental diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous in nature, and were supplied the broilers ad libitum throughout the trial period. Broilers fed on control diet (i.e. exclusion of CTM) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount (45 gkg-1) of CTM had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed in the treatments of 21 d and 28 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation of CTM, but no significant differences was found among the dietary treatments in the feed consumption of the broilers during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period, broilers fed diets without supplementation of CTM had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality was unaffected by all the dietary treatment groups. Moreover, different body parts (feather, head, neck, wing, viscera) and meat yields (thigh, drumstick, breast, back, giblet, dressing) were not influenced by treatments. Live weights were unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of cassava tuber meals (CTM) up to day 21 and day 28 of ages. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatments in 33-day old birds DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11552 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 47- 53, 2012

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chicken feather meal'

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