Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chicks - Performance

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Academic literature on the topic 'Chicks - Performance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Chicks - Performance"

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Petek, M., A. Orman, S. Dikmen, and F. Alpay. "Physical chick parameters and effects on growth performance in broiler." Archives Animal Breeding 53, no. 1 (October 10, 2010): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-53-108-2010.

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Abstract. This study was made to compare physical chick quality indicators such as chick length and feather colour and their effects on the uniformity and subsequent growth performance in broiler. For this reason; 600 day old male chicks were used. Chicks were classified into two groups on the basis of their feather colour: deep and light yellow. Then, chicks in each group were further divided into three groups as small, middle and large according to their body length. The length of the middle group animals was varied between 18.0–18.3 cm, while that of the largest group was greater than 18.3 cm and the small group was lesser than 18.0 cm. A positive correlation between chick length and chick weight was observed in all groups at the 0 day of age. Body length uniformity in day old chick was more important than body weight uniformity. Longer chicks exhibited better growth potential throughout the experiment. The feeding efficiency and survival rate of longer chicks were numerically greater compared to smaller chicks. There were no significant differences for subsequent growth parameters in feather colour groups. Consequently; length of day old chick can be used as important criteria for selection of higher quality chicks having better growth performance.
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Yeboah, P. P., L. A. Konadu, J. A. Hamidu, E. A. Poku, D. Wakpal, P. Y. Kudaya, A. Dey, and S. M. Siddiq. "Comparative analysis of hatcheries contribution to poor development of day-old chicks based on biological and immunological performance." November-2019 12, no. 11 (November 2019): 1849–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1849-1857.

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Background and Aim: The quality of day-old chicks is a cornerstone to successful poultry production. Chicks with a poor quality start slowly in the field and may have high feed intake, poor growth rate, and poor feed conversion ratio. The current study aimed to assess chick quality challenges encountered from day-old chicks hatched in most commercial hatcheries in Ghana. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 day-old chicks each were obtained from commercial hatcheries in Ghana and Europe. The chicks were labeled as locally hatched broiler day-old chicks (LBDOC) and foreign hatched broiler day-old chicks (FBDOC), respectively. Chicks were reared and monitored from day old to 21 days post-hatch. Sample of chicks (n=25) from each hatchery was euthanized weekly at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days and blood samples collected for analysis. The parameters measured included physical, hematological, immunological, histological, and bacteriological characteristics. All data were analyzed by SAS Proc GLM at p<0.05. Results: The live weight of chicks was higher in FBDOC compared to LBDOC on the 1st day. The chick length and shank length of FBDOC were longer than the LBDOC. The 7-day chick mortality was 6% in LBDOC as compared to 1.5% in FBDOC. The LBDOC also had a higher wet and dry residual yolk sac percentages as well as higher residual yolk sac fluid volume than the FBDOC. The rate of yolk sac disappearance of the FBDOC was higher than the LBDOC. More than half of the LBDOC had developed navel strings and leaky navel compared to FBDOC. The LBDOC recorded Escherichia coli, Proteus, Streptococcus spp., and Gram-negative bacteria in the residual yolk sac isolated through the 21 days while FBDOC recorded E. coli, Proteus, and Gram-negative bacteria. The intestinal villi count, lengths, width, and surface area were all not significantly different. The blood monocyte levels appeared higher in FBDOC than LBDOC, which give evidence of higher immunity in FBDOC than LBDOC. Conclusion: The results indicate a challenging situation in maintaining the quality of locally hatched broiler day-old-chicks compared to foreign hatched broiler-day-old-chicks. The study demonstrates that chick quality impact goes beyond the physical characteristics of chick weight and chick length, and the higher performance of FBDOC may be influenced by compliance with international hatchery standards and vaccination protocols.
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Sola-Ojo, F. E., K. I. Ayorinde, A. A. Toye, S. A. O. Bolu, I. I. Adedibu, K. D. Adeyemi, and E. O. Ajao. "Growth traits and performance of caged Fulani ecotype chickens fed commercial diets meant for broiler and pullet chicks." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 41, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v41i1.2692.

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Two Hundred and six day old Fulani Ecotype chicks (FEC)were used to investigate the effect of feeding two types of diet (Chick starter diet and Broiler starter diet formulated to meet standard nutritional requirement of pullets and broiler chicks) on growth traits and performance from O to 8 weeks. The broiler starter diet contained 23% Crude Protein (CP) and 3000Kcal/kg Metabolizable Energy (ME), and the Chick starter diet contained 21% CP and 2800Kcal/Kg ME. The growth traits measured were body weight (BW), body length (BL), body girth (BG), wing length (WL), thigh length (TL), drumstick length (DL), keel length (KL), and shank length (SL), while chicks performance were estimated from feed intake. feed efficiency, growth rate and weight gain. Average body weight of chicks fed broiler starter diet were significantly (P<0.05) higher from week 1 to 8. Chicks fed broiler starter diet exhibited numerically higher BL, BG, WL, TL, DL and KL than those fed chick starter diet at all ages and differences were significant (P<0.05) at some ages. Chicks fed broiler starter diet significantly (P<0.05) consumed more feed at week 1 and 2, and they gained more weight than those fed chick starter diet from 0 to 4 weeks (120.51 vs. 97.89g), and 5-8 weeks (255.11 vs. 239.13g). Feed efficiency in chicks fed broiler starter diet was relatively higher by 13.21% than observed in those fed chick starter diet from day old to 4 weeks and this translated to faster growth rate during the period in the former group (34.30% Vs.32.67%). This Study shows that the broiler starter diet produced superior growth traits and better feed efficiency in Fulani Ecotype chicks.
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Lamidi, A. W., S. S. Abiola, M. A. Ozoje, O. A. Adeyemi, and A. Y. P. Ojelade. "Effect of egg size on hatching quality and post-hatch performance of indigenous chickens." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 41, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v41i1.2693.

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The experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of egg size on hatching quality and post-hatch growth performance of normal feathered indigenous chickens. Hatchable eggs, grouped into three sizes: medium/control, small and large, were incubated to obtain day-old chicks. One hundred and eighty (180) day-old chicks were allotted to three treatment groups according to the egg sizes from which they were hatched. Egg size significantly (p<0.05) influenced chick hatching weight. Chicks hatched from large eggs were the heaviest (36.89g) while those obtained from small ones were the smallest (31.02g). Daily growth rate (DGR) was progressive and uniform in both cockerels and pullets in the first 8 weeks of life across the treatment groups. It was concluded that egg size, though could determine chick hatching weight, but not a good predictor of post-hatch growth performance in normal feathered indigenous chickens
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& et al., Shawkat. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SKIP FEEDING PROGRAMS ON BROILER CHICKS’ PERFORMANCE." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 52, no. 4 (August 22, 2021): 904–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1398.

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This study was aimed to find out how the performance of feed at different age periods affect the productive of birds . A total of 240-day-old broiler chicks have been used (Ross 308), were applied. The chick’s groups were assigned to four treatments with every replicates four times and were distributed randomly into 16 groups of 15 chicks of average body weight in each pen. The research was conducted out on chicks two weeks old. T0 (control): (Feed is provided continuously and permanently for birds), T1: Skip every 1 day: (Provide the feed for one day and cut it the next day and so on until the age of 42 days), T2: Skip every 2 days: (Providing the feed for two consecutive days, cutting it the next day, and so on until the age of 42 days), and T3: Skip every 3 days: (Feed is available for three days in front of the chicks, chicks were remained without feeding the next day, and so on until the end of the study so on until the age of 42 days). No significant variations (P ≤ 0,05) were noticed between the various treatments, during the overall period (15-42) days of age in all characteristics of productive performance, while significant differences were found between the factors in the Production Index and Economic Figure. The differences between treatments are limited to the age periods (15-21), (22-28), and (29-42) days in most characteristics of productive performance.
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Lv, Zengpeng, Hao Fan, Bochen Song, Guang Li, Dan Liu, and Yuming Guo. "Supplementing Genistein for Breeder Hens Alters the Fatty Acid Metabolism and Growth Performance of Offsprings by Epigenetic Modification." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (March 26, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9214209.

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The experiment was designed to clarify the effect and molecular mechanism of maternal genistein (GEN) on the lipid metabolism and developmental growth of offspring chicks. Laying broiler breeder (LBB) hens were supplemented with 40 mg/kg genistein (GEN), while the control group was fed with the low-soybean meal diet. The offspring chicks were grouped according to the mother generation with 8 replicates each. Hepatic transcriptome data revealed 3915 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P adjusted < 0.05, fold change>1.5 or fold change<0.67) between chicks in the two groups. Maternal GEN activated the GH-IGF1-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which promoted the developmental processes and cellular amino acid metabolic processes, as well as inhibited the apoptotic process. GEN treatment significantly increased the weight gain, breast muscle percentage, and liver index in chicks. PANTHER clustering analysis suggested that maternal GEN enhanced the antioxidant activity of chicks by the upregulation of gene (SOD3, MT1, and MT4) expression. Accordingly, the activities of T-AOC and T-SOD in the liver were increased after GEN treatment. The overrepresentation tests revealed that maternal GEN influenced the glycolysis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, acyl-coenzyme A metabolism, lipid transport, and cholesterol metabolism in the chick livers. Hepatic cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid were significantly decreased after GEN treatment. However, the level of arachidonic acid was higher in the livers of the GEN-treated group compared with the CON group. Moreover, GEN treatment enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation and upregulated PPARδ expression in the chick liver. ChIP-qPCR analysis indicated that maternal GEN might induce histone H3-K36 trimethylation in the promoter region of PPARδ gene (PPARD) through Iws1, methyltransferases. It also induced histone H4-K12 acetylation at the PPARD promoter through MYST2, which activated the PPAR signaling pathways in the chick livers. In summary, supplementing LBB hens with GEN can alter lipid metabolism in the offspring chicks through epigenetic modification and improve the antioxidative capability as well as growth performance.
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Golet, Gregory H., Katherine J. Kuletz, Daniel D. Roby, and David B. Irons. "Adult Prey Choice Affects Chick Growth and Reproductive Success in Pigeon Guillemots." Auk 117, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.1.82.

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AbstractPigeon Guillemots (Cepphus columba) are diving seabirds that forage near shore and feed their chicks demersal and schooling fishes. During nine years between 1979 and 1997, we studied chick diet, chick growth rate, and reproductive success of Pigeon Guillemots at Prince William Sound, Alaska, to determine factors limiting breeding populations. We found evidence for prey specialization among breeding pairs and detected differences in reproductive success between specialists and generalists. Pairs that specialized on particular prey types when foraging for their chicks fledged more chicks than those that generalized, apparently because they delivered larger individual prey items. Reproductive performance also varied among guillemot pairs as a function of the proportion of high-lipid schooling fishes fed to the chicks. Pairs that delivered primarily high-lipid fishes (Pacific sand lance [Ammodytes hexapterus] and Pacific herring [Clupea pallasii]) had higher overall reproductive success than pairs that delivered primarily low-lipid demersal fishes (e.g. sculpins, blennies, stichaeids, and pholidids) and gadids. The proportion of high-lipid fishes in the diet was positively related to chick growth, suggesting that piscivorous seabird chicks benefit from eating species with high-energy densities during development. The diet of Pigeon Guillemot chicks showed high annual variation from 1979 to 1997, presumably because of fluctuations in abundance of Pacific sand lance, a high-lipid schooling fish. Regression analyses suggest that the percent occurrence of high-lipid fishes in the diet affected chick growth rate at the population level. We conclude that Pigeon Guillemots benefit by specializing when selecting prey for their chicks, and that high-lipid schooling fishes enhance chick growth and reproductive success.
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Linhoss, John E., Joseph L. Purswell, and Jeremiah D. Davis. "Evaluating Radiant Heater Performance Using Chick Thermal Preference and Spatial Analysis." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 3 (2021): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14466.

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HighlightsRadiant heaters from different manufacturers with the same power output do not produce the same radiant distribution.Heater net usable area is influenced by heater elevation and chick preferences for radiant flux.Radiant heaters should be operated at manufacturer specified elevations to minimize potential reductions in performance.Abstract. Radiant heaters are the most common method of providing supplemental heat in broiler houses, but little is known about how efficiently they create a suitable thermal environment for brooding chicks. This study investigates the net usable area (NUA), or the total floor area within the range of radiant flux preferred by chicks, for six round radiant heaters with a nominally rated power output of 11.72 kW. NUA was calculated for all heaters at three manufacturer specified heights 1.52, 1.83, and 1.98 m and at a distance 0.3 m below manufacturer specified height (1.22 m). NUA ranged from 11.6 ± 0.7 m2 to 59.4 ± 19.7 m2 and increased with heater mounting elevation. Results indicate that radiant heaters from different manufacturers with the same power output do not produce the same NUA. NUA was also shown to be higher at 8 d than 1 d for all heaters and was attributed to the decrease in chick preference for level of radiant flux during the first week of brooding. NUA gross radiant coefficient (GRC), or the proportion of the heat energy in the fuel that reached the floor and was within the thermal comfort range of the chicks, did not exceed 0.37 for any heater and decreased with heater elevation. Operating a heater below the manufacturer specified mounting elevations led to reduced NUA and an overall less efficient use of fuel. Keywords: Broiler chicks, Brooding, Net usable area, Radiant heaters, Thermal preference.
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ROTTER, R. G., R. R. MARQUARDT, R. K.-C. LOW, and C. J. BRIGGS. "INFLUENCE OF AUTOCLAVING ON THE EFFECTS OF Lathyrus sativus FED TO CHICKS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 739–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-092.

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The performance of chicks fed 82% (wt/wt) Lathyrus sativus (lathyrus) was significantly improved (P < 0.05) after autoclaving the seeds for as little as 5 min, but the improvement was greater with longer treatment times. Analysis of autoclaved seeds also showed a steady reduction in the concentration of the neurotoxin β-N-oxalyl-amino-L-alanine (BOAA) in lathyrus as autoclaving time increased. This may account for much of the improvement seen in chick performance. Key words: Lathyrus, autoclave, chicks, BOAA
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Ledoux, David R., Tom P. Brown, Tandice S. Weibking, and George E. Rottinghaus. "Fumonisin Toxicity in Broiler Chicks." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 4, no. 3 (July 1992): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879200400317.

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The effects of dietary fumonisin B1 were evaluated in young broiler chicks. The experimental design consisted of 5 treatments each with 9 randomly allotted male broiler chicks. Day-old chicks were fed diets containing 0 (feed control), 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg fumonisin B1/kg feed for 21 days. Response variables measured were chick performance, organ weights, serum biochemistry, and histologic parameters. Body weights and average daily gain dramatically decreased with increasing dietary fumonisin B1, and liver, proventriculus, and gizzard weights increased. Diarrhea, thymic cortical atrophy, multifocal hepatic necrosis, biliary hyperplasia, and rickets were present in chicks fed diets containing fumonisin B,. Serum calcium, cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase levels all increased at higher fumonisin dietary levels. Results indicate that fumonisin, from Fusarium moniliforme culture material, is toxic in young chicks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chicks - Performance"

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Kelly, Jack D. "Effect of Overall Indispensible Amino Acid Levels on Performance of Broiler Chicks." DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4115.

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An attempt was made to determine the effect of overall indispensible amino acids (IAAs} level on growth rate and efficiency of broiler chicks. There were two overall levels: the low (8.33% IAA, 17.6% CP containing all IAAs at the minimum requirement found in preliminary studies), and the high (10.77% IAA, 21.5% CP with IAAs increased by 28%). Both diets contained 13.7 Mega joules ME (3277 Kcal) per kilogram. These two diets along with other variations of the two diets were fed to Hubbard chicks. Growth rate , with the low IAA diet was as good as with the high, but feed efficiency was significantly better for the high. When one of the IAAs was reduced from the higher to the minimum estimate, feed efficiency was better than the low overall diet. Two additional diets with the low levels of IAAs and dispensible amino acids increased were fed to male Hubbards. Protein level was increased by the addition of DAAs but did not improve either growth rate or feed efficiency. Therefore, it was concluded that feed efficiency was not improved by increasing DAAs alone.
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Daunt, Francis H. J. "The effects of parental age on reproductive performance in the shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340330.

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Rude, Christopher M. "Effects of corn starch on growth performance of broiler chicks during the early growth period." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12198.

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Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
R. Scott Beyer
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of gelatinized starch created during the pelleting process. Effects of gelatinization were first broadly tested to find if either increased or decreased gelatinization levels would increase broiler weight gain and feed efficiency during the starter period, 0 to 21 days of age. Results of the first experiment indicated a decrease (P<0.05) in broiler performance with increased levels of gelatinization, and a significant effect when the inclusion of gelatinized starch in the diet increased from 0 to 35%. A second experiment was conducted using a smaller range, 0 to 21% versus 0 to 35% inclusion of gelatinized starch in the diet and a smaller increment of increase, 3 versus 5%. Results of this experiment confirmed the results of the first experiment, and regression analysis was performed on the data. A linear decrease in body weight gain and quadratic increase in feed:gain (P<0.05) was observed as gelatinized starch was increased from 0 to 21% of the diet. A survey of the literature was conducted showing that most of the simulated levels of gelatinization were larger than those achieved with typical pelleted broiler diets. A third experiment was designed to investigate the levels of gelatinization observed in a pelleted diet and combined with three corn particle sizes, small (466 μm), medium (878 μm), and large (1240 μm), to find if any interactions existed. Chicks fed with the highest gelatinization level of 20%, (7.86% inclusion of pregelatinized starch) had lower body weight gains (P<0.05), and higher feed:gain (P<0.05) compared to chicks fed with 0% gelatinization. Small particle size had the lowest live body weight gain and lowest pen feed intake (P<0.05). There were no interactions found between gelatinization level and particle size (P>0.10). The results demonstrated a negative effect on chick body weight gain and feed efficiency by gelatinization of starch.
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Cox, Chasity Marie. "The effects of dietary β-glucan supplementation on performance and immune response of broiler chicks during an Eimeria challenge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46327.

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Escalating consumer concerns have placed the poultry industry under mounting pressure to reduce the use of chemotherapeutic agents as feed additives. One possible alternative receiving increased attention is the use of immunomodulators such as β-glucan. A pilot study evaluated the effects of a yeast derived β-glucan (Auxoferm YGT) on growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Day-old chicks were fed a diet containing 0, 0.02, or 0.1% yeast β-glucan. On days 7 and 14 post-hatch, body weight and relative immune organ weights were measured, peripheral blood was collected to determine heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratios, and small intestinal sections were sampled to evaluate relative gene expression. The addition of β-glucan had no influence on growth. Dietary β-glucan supplementation modulated the expression of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-18, interferon (IFN)-γ and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the small intestine. A subsequent study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary β-glucan on broiler chick (1440 birds) performance and immune response during a mixed Eimeria infection (day 8 of age). Measurements were taken and samples collected on days 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21 post-hatch. The results from this study show that β-glucan supplementation did not negatively impact performance. The addition of β-glucan to the diet resulted in reduced gross lesion severity and increased H:L ratios. The gene expression results suggest that β-glucans are capable of skewing the host immune response toward aTh1 mediated response and consequently down-regulating the Th2 mediated response.
Master of Science
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White, Mallory Beth. "In ovo and feed application of probiotics or synbiotics and response of broiler chicks to post-hatch necrotic enteritis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103632.

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Immediately post-hatch, broiler chicks are exposed to microbes that begin colonizing the gut, including environmental pathogens. One of the costliest enteric diseases in broiler production is necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by the ubiquitous opportunistic bacteria Clostridium perfringens (CP). With the worldwide reduction in antibiotic growth-promoters (AGPs), there is increased interest in natural alternatives to reduce disease and improve broiler health. The overall objective of the studies described herein was to apply probiotics or synbiotics to birds by in ovo application or orally before they leave the hatchery, then evaluate bird performance and various intestinal responses. Data were analyzed in JMP with LS Means to separate means with significance assigned at P ≤ 0.05 and trends at 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10. The first 21-day (D) study used 480 male Cobb 500 broilers randomly divided into one of four treatments using a 2x2 factorial design: a no-additive control (CTRL), a one-time oral application of synbiotic at the hatchery fed a basal diet (HS), an oral application of water at the hatchery with dietary synbiotics (DS), and a hatchery synbiotic plus dietary synbiotic (HSDS). Performance was measured on day-of-hatch (DOH), D3, D7, D14, and D21. mRNA abundance of various intestinal markers was measured at D7 and D21, including tight junction proteins ZO-1, ZO-2, and CLD-1; nutrient transporters SGLT1 and PepT1; and immune response markers TLR2, TLR4, and IL-10. HS lowered feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) without lowering body weight (BW) from D14-21. There was greater abundance of PepT1 mRNA (P ≤ 0.1) and IL-10 mRNA (P ≤ 0.05) on D21 in HSDS. Second, a 21-day pilot study with 480 male and female Cobb 500 broilers was conducted to determine the optimum in ovo dosage level of a probiotic or synbiotic (PROB or SYNB) applied at embryonic day 18 (E18) with subsequent NE challenge using seven treatments: in ovo application of sterile water (CTRL), low (PROB-L or SYNB-L: 1x105 CFU), medium (PROB-M or SYNB-M: 1x106 CFU), or high (PROB-H or SYNB-H: 1x107 CFU) probiotic or synbiotic doses dissolved in sterile water. Performance measurements were taken on DOH, D4, D8, D14 and D21. On D8, NE lesion scores were not impacted by treatment. D8 ileal samples were taken for mRNA abundance of TLR4, IL-10, IL-1β, AvBD8, AvBD10, and AvBD13. SYNB-H had higher abundance of AvBD10 mRNA compared to CTRL (P ≤ 0.1), and higher IL-1β mRNA compared to SYNB-L (P ≤ 0.05). PROB-H and SYNB-H had better performance than the low and medium doses, but were not better than the CTRL. The high doses were chosen for subsequent studies. Third, a longer 42-day study using 1,630 Ross 708 male and female broilers was conducted consisting of the following six treatments. A negative control (NC): sterile water in ovo fed basal corn/soybean meal mash diet without NE challenge; antibiotic growth-promoter (AGP+): sterile water in ovo fed basal diet with virginiamycin (0.5 kg/MT) as an AGP with NE challenge; NC+: same as NC plus NE challenge; SI+: synbiotic in ovo fed the basal diet and NE challenged; SD+: sterile water in ovo fed basal diet supplemented with synbiotic (0.5 kg/MT feed) and NE challenged; and SID+: synbiotic in ovo fed basal diet with synbiotic (0.5 kg/MT feed) with NE challenge. Cumulatively, SID+ had lower FI and FCR than NC+, but no change in BW or BWG. The combination treatment (SID+) often had an additive effect compared to SD+ or SI+ alone on mRNA abundance and D7 cecal fatty acid profiles. SD+ and SID+ also had higher D42 lean:fat ratios compared to NC+. Last, a 42-day study was conducted using 1,630 male and female Ross 708 broilers and the in ovo application of probiotics and subsequent NE challenge with five treatments. NC: sterile water in ovo, fed basal corn/soybean meal mash diet without NE challenge; AGP+: sterile water in ovo, fed basal diet with virginiamycin (0.5 kg/MT of feed) as AGP with NE challenge; NC+: NC treatment, with NE challenge; PI+: probiotic in ovo, fed basal diet, with NE challenge; PD+: sterile water in ovo, fed basal diet supplemented with probiotic (1.3 kg/MT of feed), with NE challenge. The use of probiotics in this study had little effect on performance, lean:fat ratios, and cecal fatty acid profiles, but PD+ increased mRNA abundance of D14 TLR2, D14 TNF-α, and D42 LEAP2 in cecal tonsils compared to controls. PI+ increased mRNA abundance of D7 and D42 MUC2, D7 LEAP2, and D42 TNF-α in the ileum. PI+ increased mRNA abundance in the cecal tonsils of D7 TLR2 and D42 TNF-α. These studies yielded interesting results about probiotics and synbiotics during a NE challenge by evaluating performance, intestinal immune responses, and fatty acid profiles in the ceca of broilers. In conclusion, the probiotic in this study did not improve broiler health during a NE challenge, but synbiotic use in ovo and continuation in the feed showed improvement over in ovo or dietary application alone. Synbiotic improved FCR over a challenged control, and altered mRNA abundance in the small intestine.
Doctor of Philosophy
The poultry industry is one of the most popular animal protein sources worldwide. As with any livestock operation, industry goals include optimizing animal health and well-being, maximizing animal productivity, and producing quality products in the most cost effective manner. Improvements in genetics, nutrition, and management have increased productivity and cut costs. One important application was the low-level use of antibiotics in feed. These medications reduced the risk of disease outbreak in flocks, which led to healthier birds and improved growth rates. However, when global concern of antibiotic resistance in human medicine came to light, both the livestock industry and governing bodies implemented voluntary and mandatory reduction or elimination of antibiotics. Previously, these important antibiotics helped to control costly diseases. As they are removed, alternatives to antibiotics will be important in disease control and prevention. A major group of alternatives to antibiotics in poultry includes probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Probiotic bacteria are considered 'good bacteria' in the gut, and provide various health benefits to the host. Prebiotics are non-living substances that support the growth of healthy bacteria. A synbiotic is the combination of both probiotics and prebiotics in a single application method. The goal of this research project was to give probiotics or synbiotics to broiler chicks and evaluate their potential benefits and effects on bird performance and the immune response. Ideally, applying probiotic bacteria as early as possible might translate into early colonization of the gut with healthy bacteria. This included oral application of synbiotics at the hatchery, or by safely injecting them into part of the egg that is swallowed by the chick embryo before hatch. This egg application, or in ovo application, is a safe, effective, widely-practiced method of vaccinating chicks to jumpstart their defense against disease. By vaccinating them in ovo, they can start to prime the immune system before they even hatch. Applying probiotics in ovo may improve health after early gut colonization with beneficial microbes. Numerous studies on natural alternatives to antibiotics have been conducted, with varying results. Results of this research indicate that in ovo application of probiotics and synbiotics is safe. Birds that received probiotics in the feed often performed similar to those that received none. However, the in ovo use of synbiotics combined with the continued use in the feed after hatch improved efficiency in broilers during an intestinal disease challenge and improved various aspects of gut function. Overall, as antibiotics are phased out, using probiotics and synbiotics may improve poultry health, but continued research will help understand the optimum ways to use them.
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Ao, Tuoying. "EXOGENOUS ENZYMES AND ORGANIC ACIDS IN THE NUTRITION OF BROILER CHICKS: EFFECTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IN VITRO AND IN VIVO DIGESTION." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2005. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyansc2005d00236/dissertation.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2005.
Title from document title page (viewed on August 17, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains: xii, 144 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-143).
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Rierson, Rusty Del. "Broiler preference for light color and feed form, and the effect of light on growth and performance of broiler chicks." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12037.

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Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
R. Scott Beyer
Over the decades much has been discovered about the appropriate lighting management strategies for raising commercial meat-type poultry. Our knowledge of light preference, wavelength, intensity, intermittent lighting, and avian spectral sensitivity continues to improve our management strategies. In this work, a total of 5 experiments were conducted. The first 2 experiments investigated the effects of Light emitting diodes (LED) lights on growth performance of broiler chicks. Broiler chicks were raised under LED lights at different intensities: 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 lux. A significant linear relationship (P < 0.05) was found in experiment 1 between body weight gain and light intensity. In experiment 2, a linear trend was noticed between body weight gain and light intensity. As the light intensity increased, chick weight increased. Feed: gain ratios were not affected by light intensity. The third experiment also examined growth performance using LED lighting as well as the effects of feed form and different lighting intensities upon behavior. The broilers fed a pelleted diet had significantly better performance than those fed crumbles. Under more intense light it was discovered that broilers spend significantly more time (P< .05) consuming feed compared to dim light. The fourth experiment focused on broiler preference for light color, and feed form during feeding. The broilers were offered either pelleted or crumbled feed and served under 4 different light colors: red, white, blue, and green. It was found that broilers statistically preferred pelleted feed, and white lighting, with red being the 2nd color choice of preference while green and blue were statistically not chosen. The fifth experiment focused on chick preference for feed color, when under different light color. One day old chicks were offered dyed feed: red, yellow, blue, green or light brown iv (control) under 5 different colors of light: red, yellow, blue, green, and white. It was found that chicks significantly preferred red dyed feed, especially under blue light. In conclusion, it was found that LED lights can have positive effects on broiler performance. Broilers show a preference for white lighting and pelleted feed. Young chicks show a preference for red dyed feed.
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Good, Lindsay. "THE EFFECTS OF ACTIGEN® AND THREONINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PARAMETERS, IMMUNE FUNCTION, AND INTESTINAL HEALTH IN MONOGASTRICS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/24.

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The objectives of these experiments were to evaluate the main effects and interactive effects between dietary supplementation of a mannan oligosaccharide based product, Actigen® (ACT), and different levels of threonine in monogastrics, as evidenced by growth parameters, immune function, and intestinal health characteristics. In nursery piglets, ACT supplementation decreased average daily feed intake (P=0.04), but had no effect on body weight or feed conversion ratio. There were no noted differences between threonine levels on performance traits. There were no consistent differences in complete blood count or cytokine gene expression profiles in the blood. The highest level of threonine, 77% true ileal digestible threonine:lysine (Thr:Lys), increased villus height (P=0.007) and villus height:crypt depth (P=0.01). The lowest level, 57% Thr:Lys, decreased villus surface area (P=0.04) and goblet cell density (P=0.04). Supplementation with ACT increased total goblet cell area (P=0.02) and density (P=0.05). There were no interactions observed between ACT and Thr:Lys levels. In broiler chicks, feeding a diet containing 0.56% threonine decreased body weight (PPPP=0.07). On d 7, birds supplemented with ACT had heavier spleens as a percentage of body weight (P=0.01) compared to no ACT. When adjusted for body weight, the 0.56% threonine fed birds had smaller spleens (P=0.05) on d 7 when compared to the other threonine levels. Humerus (PPP=0.04) and birds fed 0.56% threonine had a higher concentration of potassium (PP=0.03) and few goblet cells (P=0.04) on d 7 when compared to the other threonine levels. In d 21 jejunum, supplementation with ACT reduced apical width (P=0.03) and surface area (P=0.02). An interaction was observed between ACT and threonine level in the jejunum on d 21 on basal width (P=0.03) and surface area (P=0.02), indicating that in diets lacking ACT, excess threonine increased villus size. Overall, ACT and threonine acted primarily independently to modulate the intestinal architecture of both nursery piglets and broiler chicks. However, in broiler chicks ACT and threonine interacted to alter villus size. These results indicate that ACT and threonine have direct effects on the intestines of monogastrics.
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Barri, Adriana. "Effects of Incubation Temperature and Transportation Stress on Yolk Utilization, Small Intestine Development, and Post-Hatch Performance of High-Yield Broiler Chicks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29749.

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Growth and performance parameters of broiler chicks depend on adequate development of the small intestine. Stressors such as elevated or decreased temperatures during incubation and post-hatch transportation may have an effect on the gastrointestinal development of the broiler chick. The objective of the first study was to investigate the effects of elevated embryonic incubation temperature (IT) on post-hatch relative nutrient transporter gene expression, integrity of the intestinal epithelium, organ development, and performance in Ross 308 broiler chickens. Nine hundred fertile eggs were incubated at different egg-shell temperatures during development. Body weights and performance parameters were measured at day of hatch (DOH), d 7, 14, 21, 30, and 42. Small intestine and residual yolk were collected at DOH, d 2, 4, 6, and 10 and weighed individually. The small intestine was evaluated for mucosal morphology measurements and relative nutrient transporter (SGLT1, GLUT2, GLUT5, EAAT3, and PepT1) gene expression. The objective of the second study was to evaluate the effects of embryonic incubation, simulating a multi-stage incubation system, and post-hatch transportation temperatures on post-hatch performance, yolk free body weights, relative nutrient transporter gene expression, yolk utilization, intestinal morphology, and organ development of broiler chickens. Cobb 500 eggs (n=5200) were incubated with egg-shell temperatures, which were combined depending on the early and late development incubation periods as found in multi-stage incubators: Low (L): 36.7°C, Standard (S): 37.5°C, and High (H): 39°C. After hatch, chicks were further separated into 2 transportation groups: control (C; 34°C), and heat-stressed (D; 40°C). The eight resulting experimental groups were: LS-C, SS-C, LH-C, SH-C, LS-D, SS-D, LH-D, and SH-D. Three and two way interactions (P<0.05) were observed and discussed in both studies for all the parameters analyzed. These studies present for the first time the effects of altered embryonic IT and stress during transportation of newly hatched chicks, on small intestine morphology, digestive organ development, and expression of nutrient transporters mRNA in high-yield broiler chicks. These results contribute to the understanding of mechanisms by which either low or high temperatures, as compared to standard recommendations, during incubation and transportation can affect embryonic development and subsequent performance of broiler chicks.
Ph. D.
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Santarosa, Julieta. "Desempenho de pintos oriundos de ovos leves e pesados alimentados com diferentes tipos de ração pré-inicial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-20042010-081258/.

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Dois experimentos foram conduzidos de forma semelhante, variando apenas a idade do lote de matrizes Ross que originou os ovos (42 e 60 semanas de idade, respectivamente, para os experimentos 1 e 2), com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de pintos oriundos de ovos leves e pesados, alimentados com dietas pré-iniciais de diferentes formas físicas e níveis nutricionais.. Foram incubados ovos apresentando peso médio de 59,0 e 70,8 g, respectivamente, para o experimento 1 (tendo originado pintos de 41,0 e 49,0g de peso médio) e 66,9 e 75,1g (tendo originado pintos de 46,2 e 52,1g de peso médio), respectivamente, para o experimento 2. Uma parte destes ovos teve o peso de seus componentes determinado. À eclosão, 288 pintos, metade de cada categoria de peso de ovo, foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em 48 parcelas. Cada parcela alojou seis pintos, metade de cada sexo. Os tratamentos experimentais obedeceram a esquema fatorial 2x3 (2 pesos de ovos x 3 tipos de rações préiniciais). Utilizaram-se três dietas de formulação comercial na fase pré-inicial: ração peletizada, com menor nível energético (2.900 kcal/kg), protéico e de aminoácidos, considerada uma dieta de baixos níveis nutricionais (PBN); ração farelada, de mesma composição nutricional da ração peletizada (FBN); ração farelada, com maior nível energético (2.950 kcal/kg), protéico e de aminoácidos, considerada uma dieta de altos níveis nutricionais (FAN). Foram avaliados o tempo de consumo das dietas pré-iniciais e, aos sete e 14 dias, o ganho de peso, o peso vivo, o consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar. Do término das rações pré-iniciais até os 14 dias de idade, as aves receberam uma mesma ração farelada. Em ambos os experimentos o albúmen foi mais pesado nos ovos classificados como pesados (P<0,05). No experimento 1, a dieta PBN foi consumida mais rapidamente por pintos oriundos de ovos pesados. Aos sete dias, a dieta PBN melhorou o peso vivo, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar (P<0,05). Já o peso do ovo influenciou o peso vivo, que foi maior para os pintos oriundos de ovos pesados (P<0,05). O benefício da dieta PBN quanto à conversão alimentar, se manteve aos 14 dias, e o peso vivo dos pintos oriundos de ovos pesados que receberam a dieta PBN foi maior do que aqueles que receberam as dietas FBN e FAN (P<0,05). No experimento 2, não houve diferença significativa para o tempo de consumo das dietas pré-iniciais (P>0,05). Aos sete dias, as dietas PBN e FAN proporcionaram aos pintos melhor conversão alimentar (P<0,05). Porém, aos 14 dias, não houve diferença significativa entre as variáveis (P>0,05). Concluiu-se que, em ovos de matrizes de mesma idade, a diferença no peso dos ovos deve-se ao incremento de albúmen. Quanto ao desempenho, os pintos oriundos de matrizes de idade intermediária foram mais influenciados pelas diferenças de peso dos ovos e composições das dietas, sendo que a dieta peletizada beneficiou o desempenho dos mesmos, mesmo apresentando menor nível nutricional.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate different pre-starter diets on performance of chickens from light and heavy eggs hatched from Ross breeders of different ages. In the experiment 1, these eggs, that showed weight of 59,0 and 70,8g, were hatched from breeders of 42 weeks of age. In the experiment 2, these eggs, that showed 66,9 and 75,1g, were hatched from breeders of 60 weeks of age. The eggs percentage composition was evaluated. After hatching, 288 day-old chicks, males and females, were weight and allocated in 48 cages. In the experiment 1, their live weight was 41,0 and 49,0g; in the experiment 2, 46,2 e 52,1g. The performance trials were conducted in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 8 replicates, and the treatments consisted of a 2 3 factorial arrangement of egg weight (light and heavy) and three types of the pre-starter feed. The pre-starter diets used were: micro-pelleted diet, with 2900 kcal/kg and low levels of protein and amino acids (P); mash diet, with the same composition (M1); and mash diet, with 2950 kcal/kg and high protein. This feed was provided at a fixed amount of 200 g per chick and, after that, the birds in all treatments were fed a common starter diet in mash form, until 14 days of age. Live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were evaluated on a pen basis. The time required for total consumption of the pre-starter feeds was monitored. In both experiments, the albumen was heavier than the other components. In experiment 1, there was influence of the egg weight only in the first week (P<0,05). At seven days, P diet improved the live weight, weight gain and feed conversion (P<0,05). At 14 days, P diet also improved feed conversion, as well the live weight of chicks from heavy eggs. In the same experiment, heavy chicks consumed 200 g of P diet faster than light chicks. In the experiment 2, the time of intake was not different among treatments (P>0,05). There was not influence of egg weight, but there was influence of P and F2 diets in the first week, that improved the feed conversion. However, this influence did not remain to 14 days (P>0,05). It was concluded that albumen is the heaviest component of egg, inside the same age of breeders. It was also concluded that the chicks from breeders of 42 weeks of age were more influenced by different pre-starter diet composition and egg weight than the chicks from breeders of 60 weeks of age. Although P diet showed lower nutritional level, it improved the performance of chicks from breeders of 42 weeks of age.
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Books on the topic "Chicks - Performance"

1

Sturos, Joseph B. Teardrop chunker performance. St. Paul, Minn: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1989.

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Charlotte, Lansinger, Burack James, and Police Executive Research Forum, eds. Command performance: A career guide for police executives. Washington, D.C: Police Executive Research Forum, 1999.

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Herrick, R. B. Effects of low-intensity and intermittent light on the performance of laying hens in Hawaii. [Honolulu, Hawaii]: HITAHR, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, 1985.

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Higaki, Tadashi. Performance of wood products as media for culture of anthuriums. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1985.

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Cross, Deborah Elaine. Phytochemical and enzyme supplementation of broiler chicken diets and effects on intestinal microflora, nutrient utilisation and performance: PhD Thesis. Glasgow: University of Glasgow, 1995.

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Sompen, Prawat. Rāingān kānwičhai rư̄ang kānsưksā kānsœ̄m samunphrai Thai tō̜ samatthaphāp kānphalit kai phư̄nmư̄ang: The study on Thai herbs additional on performance of native chickens production. [Surin]: Khana Kammakān Wičhai læ Phatthanā khō̜ng Wutthisaphā, Samnakngān Lēkhāthikān Wutthisaphā, 2005.

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Williams, Tia. Sixteen candles. New York: Hyperion Paperbacks for Children, 2008.

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Marzok, Mohamed Ahmed Tony Ahmed. Detection of genetically modified soybeans and maize in Egypt as well as comparative nutritional safety investigations of isogenic and transgenic (Bt) maize in broiler nutrition: Broiler performance, degradation and metabolic fate of maize DNA in some tissues and organs. Berlin: Mensch & Buch Verlag, 2004.

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Mohamed Ahmed Tony Ahmed Marzok. Detection of genetically modified soybeans and maize in Egypt as well as comparative nutritional safety investigations of isogenic and transgenic (Bt) maize in broiler nutrition: Broiler performance, degradation and metabolic fate of maize DNA in some tissues and organs. Berlin: Mensch & Buch Verlag, 2004.

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It Chicks. Jump At The Sun, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chicks - Performance"

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Lachica, M., and I. Fernández-Fígares. "Effect of invertebrates on growth performance and feeding behavior of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) chicks." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production, 509–10. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_189.

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Veendrick, Harry. "Chip Performance and Power." In Bits on Chips, 189–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76096-4_11.

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Vajda, András. "Debugging Debugging and Performance Analysis of Many-core Programs." In Programming Many-Core Chips, 117–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9739-5_6.

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Ahmad, Irfan, Alina Voda, and Gildas Besançon. "Controller Design and Analysis for High-performance STM." In Micro, Nanosystems and Systems on Chips, 121–48. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557815.ch5.

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Scianna, Bastian Matteo. "The Italian Combat Performance: ‘Chicken Led by Donkeys’?" In The Italian War on the Eastern Front, 1941–1943, 189–227. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26524-3_8.

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Salehi, Mohammad, Florian Kriebel, Semeen Rehman, and Muhammad Shafique. "Power-Aware Fault-Tolerance for Embedded Systems." In Dependable Embedded Systems, 565–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_24.

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AbstractPower-constrained fault-tolerance has emerged as a key challenge in the deep sub-micron technology. Multi-/many-core chips can support different hardening modes considering variants of redundant multithreading (RMT). In dark silicon chips, the maximum number of cores that can simultaneously be powered-on (at the full performance level) is constrained by the thermal design power (TDP). The rest of the cores have to be power-gated (i.e., stay “dark”), or the cores have to operate at a lower performance level. It has been predicted that about 25–50% of a many-core chip can potentially be “dark.” In this chapter, a system-level power–reliability management technique is presented. The technique jointly considers multiple hardening modes at the software and hardware levels, each offering distinct power, reliability, and performance properties. Also, a framework for the system-level optimization is introduced which considers different power–reliability–performance management problems for many-core processors depending upon the target system and user constraints.
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Chávez-Silverman, Suzanne. "Gendered Bodies and Borders in Contemporary Chican@ Performance and Literature." In Velvet Barrios, 215–27. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04269-9_13.

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Bocyte, Rasa, Johan Oomen, and Fred Truyen. "Self-assessment and Monitoring of CHI Performance in Digital Transformation." In Linking Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, 128–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86324-1_16.

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AbstractTo fully reap the benefits of digitisation and sustainably create value for their audiences, cultural heritage institutions (CHI) need to implement and monitor digital, data-driven strategies that touch upon all aspects of how organisations operate. This can range from staffing and skills development to adoption of metadata models, novel audience engagement approaches and methods for collecting and using user data. We introduce the concept for the CHI Self-Assessment Tool that enables institutions to assess their strategy and plan against several aspects of digital transformation. The tool proposes a novel approach on how CHIs can continuously gather data on their activities and use insights from this data to adjust their strategies and increase their digital maturity. Equally, this data can be used by policy-makers to implement more effective policies and support the sector with targeted capacity building.
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Nanto, F., C. Ito, M. Kikusato, S. Ohwada, and M. Toyomizu. "Effect of paddy rice diets on performance in chickens under thermoneutral and heat stress conditions." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production, 505–7. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_188.

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Akeh, Ugbah Paul, Steve Woolnough, and Olumide A. Olaniyan. "ECMWF Subseasonal to Seasonal Precipitation Forecast for Use as a Climate Adaptation Tool Over Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1613–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_97.

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AbstractFarmers in most parts of Africa and Asia still practice subsistence farming which relies minly on seasonal rainfall for Agricultural production. A timely and accurate prediction of the rainfall onset, cessation, expected rainfall amount, and its intra-seasonal variability is very likely to reduce losses and risk of extreme weather as well as maximize agricultural output to ensure food security.Based on this, a study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) numerical Weather Prediction Model and its Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) precipitation forecast to ascertain its usefulness as a climate change adaptation tool over Nigeria. Observed daily and monthly CHIRPS reanalysis precipitation amount and the ECMWF subseasonal weekly precipitation forecast data for the period 1995–2015 was used. The forecast and observed precipitation were analyzed from May to September while El Nino and La Nina years were identified using the Oceanic Nino Index. Skill of the forecast was determined from standard metrics: Bias, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC).The Bias, RMSE, and ACC scores reveal that the ECMWF model is capable of predicting precipitation over Southern Nigeria, with the best skill at one week lead time and poorest skills at lead time of 4 weeks. Results also show that the model is more reliable during El Nino years than La-Nina. However, some improvement in the model by ECMWF can give better results and make this tool a more dependable tool for disaster risk preparedness, reduction and prevention of possible damages and losses from extreme rainfall during the wet season, thus enhancing climate change adaptation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Chicks - Performance"

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Ataei, Abdol Hossain, and Figen Kırkpınar. "Application of In-Ovo Injection of Some Substances for Manipulation of Sex and Improving Performance in Chicken." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.006.

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In intensive production, freshly hatched cockerels are culled in the layer hatchery (7 billion males each year), On the other hand, for meat production rearing female birds has not economic benefits because of male broiler chicks have a faster growth rate and better feed efficiency than females. In this regards several methods are being developed for sex determination in the chick embryo during the incubation period. But these methods need to be rapid, cost-efficient, and suitable practical for commercial use. Additionally, sex determination should be done before pain perception has evolved in chick embryos. Biotechnology by in ovo technique to sex determination of between male and female chicks or sex reversal could improve production and eliminate ethical dilemmas for poultry industries. In birds, the differentiation of embryonic gonads is not determined by genetic gender with the certainty that occurs in mammals and can be affected by early treatment with a steroid hormone. During the development of the chick embryo, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonads, which then caused male or female phenotype. The differentiation of gonads during the period called the "critical period of sexual differentiation" is accompanied by the beginning of secretion of sexual hormones. Namely, any change in the concentration of steroid hormones during the critical period affects the structure of the gonads. Many synthetic anti-aromatases such as federazole and non-synthetic in plants, mushrooms, and fruits containing natural flavonoids have been used in the experiments in ovo injection of anti-aromatase had no negative effect on the growth performance of sexual reversal female chickens. In conclusion, administration of an aromatase inhibitor causes testicular growth in the genetic female gender, and estrogen administration leads to the production of the left ovotestis in the genetic male gender. Therefore, in the early stages of embryonic development, sexual differentiation can be affected by changing the ratio of sexual hormones. In this review, effects of some substances applied by in ovo injection technique on sex reversal and performance in chicks.
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"Isolation, Screening and Evaluation of Methionine Producing Probiotics on Production Performance of Giriraja Chicks." In International Conference on Food, Biological and Medical Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0114555.

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Li, Xiao-Xv, Yan Chen, Xin-Yu Zhang, Mu Tian, Zhi-Yang Du, and Tie-Hua Zhang. "Effect of New Composite Probiotic Microecology Additives on Growth Performance and Immunity in Chicks." In 2015 International Conference on Medicine and Biopharmaceutical. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814719810_0149.

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"Scenedesmus microalgae improves immune system and growth performance parameters in broiler chicks: In comparison with virginiamycin antibiotic." In International Conference on Medicine, Public Health and Biological Sciences. CASRP Publishing Company, Ltd. Uk, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/mphbs.2016.213.

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Yu, Yue, Zhanming Li, and Jinming Pan. "Effects of Exposing Eggs to Various Green Light Intensities during Incubation on Hatch Performance, Post-Hatch Grow Performance, Fear and Stress Responses in Layer Chicks." In 10th International Livestock Environment Symposium (ILES X). St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/iles.18-062.

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Guilloteau, L., C. Anne, A. Foury, JC Helbling, A. Koch, S. Crochet, E. Cailleau-Audouin, et al. "Spontaneous intake of essential oils during the early rearing phase of chicks and long-term effects on performance and transcriptome regulation." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608313.

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Kuevda, T. A., and P. S. Ostapchuk. "Effect of Satureja montana essential oil on growth performance of broiler chickens." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-133.

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To study the effect of Satureja montana essential oil on the performance of broiler chicken was the primary aim of this research. In the course of the studies, the highly reliable effectiveness of the mountain savory essential oil was noted. Broiler chickens weight increase before slaughter was 9.7 (p≤ 0.01) –11.0% (p≤ 0.001). Red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the erythrocyte content by 18.2 % (to 3.47±0.09 cells per liter) in chickens of the experimental group that received Satureja montana essential oil without dilution.
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Torrellas, Josep. "Toward Extreme-Scale Processor Chips." In 2016 IEEE 23rd International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hipc.2016.041.

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"Platform performance." In 2012 IEEE Hot Chips 24 Symposium (HCS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hotchips.2012.7476469.

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Legresley, Patrick. "CUDA performance optimization." In 2008 IEEE Hot Chips 20 Symposium (HCS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hotchips.2008.7476521.

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Reports on the topic "Chicks - Performance"

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Walugembe, Muhammed, Kenneth J. Stalder, Max F. Rothschild, and Michael E. Persia. Effect of High Fiber Ingredients on the Performance, Metabolizable Energy and Digestibility of Broiler and Layer Chicks. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1321.

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Ehr, Isa J., Brian J. Kerr, and Michael E. Persia. Effect of Slow and Rapid Peroxidation of Corn Oil on the Performance and Energy Storage of Broiler Chicks. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1182.

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Hanson, Matie N., and Michael E. Persia. Effects of Dietary Soy Inclusion on Broiler Chick Performance and Metabolizable Energy. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1180.

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Redmond, Sarah Beth, and Susan J. Lamont. Effect of Dietary β-Glucans on Growth Performance in Developing Chickens. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-885.

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Wagner, Cole, and Kristjan Bregendahl. Effect of Dietary Salmon Protein Concentrate on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-639.

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Bolek, Kevin J., and Michael E. Persia. The Effect of Chick Methionine Status on Broiler Performance and Physiological Response to Acute and Chronic Heat Stress. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-821.

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Miller, James, John Vavrin, and Samuel Stidwell IV. Study of maintenance of High Performance Sustainable Buildings (HPSB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40080.

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Abstract:
A study was performed by the Energy Branch of the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, on behalf of the US Army Installation Management Command under the Installation Technology Transition Program. The focus of the study was related to maintainability and operability issues associated with High Performance Sustainable Buildings (HPSBs). This study was conducted primarily based on information gleaned from telephone and web conference discussions with installation Directorate of Public Works personnel including Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Chiefs, energy managers, maintenance supervisors, and maintenance technicians. Experiences with HPSBs varied from installation to installation. For example, some installations had very positive experiences with photovoltaic (PV) arrays while other sites questioned their practicality due to maintainability problems. One site noted that PV technologies are changing so rapidly that procuring spare/repair parts becomes difficult or impossible when vendors discontinue supporting their older technologies or manufacturers go out of business. Based on discussions with the installation O&M personnel, a table of pro and con recommendations for 25 technologies, which are commonly implemented on HPSBs, was prepared and is included in this report.
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