Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chicks - Performance'
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Kelly, Jack D. "Effect of Overall Indispensible Amino Acid Levels on Performance of Broiler Chicks." DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4115.
Full textDaunt, Francis H. J. "The effects of parental age on reproductive performance in the shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340330.
Full textRude, Christopher M. "Effects of corn starch on growth performance of broiler chicks during the early growth period." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12198.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
R. Scott Beyer
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of gelatinized starch created during the pelleting process. Effects of gelatinization were first broadly tested to find if either increased or decreased gelatinization levels would increase broiler weight gain and feed efficiency during the starter period, 0 to 21 days of age. Results of the first experiment indicated a decrease (P<0.05) in broiler performance with increased levels of gelatinization, and a significant effect when the inclusion of gelatinized starch in the diet increased from 0 to 35%. A second experiment was conducted using a smaller range, 0 to 21% versus 0 to 35% inclusion of gelatinized starch in the diet and a smaller increment of increase, 3 versus 5%. Results of this experiment confirmed the results of the first experiment, and regression analysis was performed on the data. A linear decrease in body weight gain and quadratic increase in feed:gain (P<0.05) was observed as gelatinized starch was increased from 0 to 21% of the diet. A survey of the literature was conducted showing that most of the simulated levels of gelatinization were larger than those achieved with typical pelleted broiler diets. A third experiment was designed to investigate the levels of gelatinization observed in a pelleted diet and combined with three corn particle sizes, small (466 μm), medium (878 μm), and large (1240 μm), to find if any interactions existed. Chicks fed with the highest gelatinization level of 20%, (7.86% inclusion of pregelatinized starch) had lower body weight gains (P<0.05), and higher feed:gain (P<0.05) compared to chicks fed with 0% gelatinization. Small particle size had the lowest live body weight gain and lowest pen feed intake (P<0.05). There were no interactions found between gelatinization level and particle size (P>0.10). The results demonstrated a negative effect on chick body weight gain and feed efficiency by gelatinization of starch.
Cox, Chasity Marie. "The effects of dietary β-glucan supplementation on performance and immune response of broiler chicks during an Eimeria challenge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46327.
Full textMaster of Science
White, Mallory Beth. "In ovo and feed application of probiotics or synbiotics and response of broiler chicks to post-hatch necrotic enteritis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103632.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
The poultry industry is one of the most popular animal protein sources worldwide. As with any livestock operation, industry goals include optimizing animal health and well-being, maximizing animal productivity, and producing quality products in the most cost effective manner. Improvements in genetics, nutrition, and management have increased productivity and cut costs. One important application was the low-level use of antibiotics in feed. These medications reduced the risk of disease outbreak in flocks, which led to healthier birds and improved growth rates. However, when global concern of antibiotic resistance in human medicine came to light, both the livestock industry and governing bodies implemented voluntary and mandatory reduction or elimination of antibiotics. Previously, these important antibiotics helped to control costly diseases. As they are removed, alternatives to antibiotics will be important in disease control and prevention. A major group of alternatives to antibiotics in poultry includes probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Probiotic bacteria are considered 'good bacteria' in the gut, and provide various health benefits to the host. Prebiotics are non-living substances that support the growth of healthy bacteria. A synbiotic is the combination of both probiotics and prebiotics in a single application method. The goal of this research project was to give probiotics or synbiotics to broiler chicks and evaluate their potential benefits and effects on bird performance and the immune response. Ideally, applying probiotic bacteria as early as possible might translate into early colonization of the gut with healthy bacteria. This included oral application of synbiotics at the hatchery, or by safely injecting them into part of the egg that is swallowed by the chick embryo before hatch. This egg application, or in ovo application, is a safe, effective, widely-practiced method of vaccinating chicks to jumpstart their defense against disease. By vaccinating them in ovo, they can start to prime the immune system before they even hatch. Applying probiotics in ovo may improve health after early gut colonization with beneficial microbes. Numerous studies on natural alternatives to antibiotics have been conducted, with varying results. Results of this research indicate that in ovo application of probiotics and synbiotics is safe. Birds that received probiotics in the feed often performed similar to those that received none. However, the in ovo use of synbiotics combined with the continued use in the feed after hatch improved efficiency in broilers during an intestinal disease challenge and improved various aspects of gut function. Overall, as antibiotics are phased out, using probiotics and synbiotics may improve poultry health, but continued research will help understand the optimum ways to use them.
Ao, Tuoying. "EXOGENOUS ENZYMES AND ORGANIC ACIDS IN THE NUTRITION OF BROILER CHICKS: EFFECTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IN VITRO AND IN VIVO DIGESTION." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2005. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyansc2005d00236/dissertation.pdf.
Full textTitle from document title page (viewed on August 17, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains: xii, 144 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-143).
Rierson, Rusty Del. "Broiler preference for light color and feed form, and the effect of light on growth and performance of broiler chicks." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12037.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
R. Scott Beyer
Over the decades much has been discovered about the appropriate lighting management strategies for raising commercial meat-type poultry. Our knowledge of light preference, wavelength, intensity, intermittent lighting, and avian spectral sensitivity continues to improve our management strategies. In this work, a total of 5 experiments were conducted. The first 2 experiments investigated the effects of Light emitting diodes (LED) lights on growth performance of broiler chicks. Broiler chicks were raised under LED lights at different intensities: 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 lux. A significant linear relationship (P < 0.05) was found in experiment 1 between body weight gain and light intensity. In experiment 2, a linear trend was noticed between body weight gain and light intensity. As the light intensity increased, chick weight increased. Feed: gain ratios were not affected by light intensity. The third experiment also examined growth performance using LED lighting as well as the effects of feed form and different lighting intensities upon behavior. The broilers fed a pelleted diet had significantly better performance than those fed crumbles. Under more intense light it was discovered that broilers spend significantly more time (P< .05) consuming feed compared to dim light. The fourth experiment focused on broiler preference for light color, and feed form during feeding. The broilers were offered either pelleted or crumbled feed and served under 4 different light colors: red, white, blue, and green. It was found that broilers statistically preferred pelleted feed, and white lighting, with red being the 2nd color choice of preference while green and blue were statistically not chosen. The fifth experiment focused on chick preference for feed color, when under different light color. One day old chicks were offered dyed feed: red, yellow, blue, green or light brown iv (control) under 5 different colors of light: red, yellow, blue, green, and white. It was found that chicks significantly preferred red dyed feed, especially under blue light. In conclusion, it was found that LED lights can have positive effects on broiler performance. Broilers show a preference for white lighting and pelleted feed. Young chicks show a preference for red dyed feed.
Good, Lindsay. "THE EFFECTS OF ACTIGEN® AND THREONINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PARAMETERS, IMMUNE FUNCTION, AND INTESTINAL HEALTH IN MONOGASTRICS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/24.
Full textBarri, Adriana. "Effects of Incubation Temperature and Transportation Stress on Yolk Utilization, Small Intestine Development, and Post-Hatch Performance of High-Yield Broiler Chicks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29749.
Full textPh. D.
Santarosa, Julieta. "Desempenho de pintos oriundos de ovos leves e pesados alimentados com diferentes tipos de ração pré-inicial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-20042010-081258/.
Full textTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate different pre-starter diets on performance of chickens from light and heavy eggs hatched from Ross breeders of different ages. In the experiment 1, these eggs, that showed weight of 59,0 and 70,8g, were hatched from breeders of 42 weeks of age. In the experiment 2, these eggs, that showed 66,9 and 75,1g, were hatched from breeders of 60 weeks of age. The eggs percentage composition was evaluated. After hatching, 288 day-old chicks, males and females, were weight and allocated in 48 cages. In the experiment 1, their live weight was 41,0 and 49,0g; in the experiment 2, 46,2 e 52,1g. The performance trials were conducted in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 8 replicates, and the treatments consisted of a 2 3 factorial arrangement of egg weight (light and heavy) and three types of the pre-starter feed. The pre-starter diets used were: micro-pelleted diet, with 2900 kcal/kg and low levels of protein and amino acids (P); mash diet, with the same composition (M1); and mash diet, with 2950 kcal/kg and high protein. This feed was provided at a fixed amount of 200 g per chick and, after that, the birds in all treatments were fed a common starter diet in mash form, until 14 days of age. Live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were evaluated on a pen basis. The time required for total consumption of the pre-starter feeds was monitored. In both experiments, the albumen was heavier than the other components. In experiment 1, there was influence of the egg weight only in the first week (P<0,05). At seven days, P diet improved the live weight, weight gain and feed conversion (P<0,05). At 14 days, P diet also improved feed conversion, as well the live weight of chicks from heavy eggs. In the same experiment, heavy chicks consumed 200 g of P diet faster than light chicks. In the experiment 2, the time of intake was not different among treatments (P>0,05). There was not influence of egg weight, but there was influence of P and F2 diets in the first week, that improved the feed conversion. However, this influence did not remain to 14 days (P>0,05). It was concluded that albumen is the heaviest component of egg, inside the same age of breeders. It was also concluded that the chicks from breeders of 42 weeks of age were more influenced by different pre-starter diet composition and egg weight than the chicks from breeders of 60 weeks of age. Although P diet showed lower nutritional level, it improved the performance of chicks from breeders of 42 weeks of age.
Bergoug, Hakim. "Effet de la durée entre l’éclosion et la mise en élevage des poussins d'un jour sur les performances zootechniques, la santé et le bien-être des poulets de chair." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARB297.
Full textHolding period between hatch time (HT) of chicks in incubator and their placement in farm is critical for broilers’ development. This holding period is composed of hatch window (HW: duration between HT of the first chick and takeoff of the whole batch of chicks from the incubator), post-hatch manipulations and transportation duration (TD) to the farm. The objective of this thesis was to study the effect of the holding period duration on growth performance, health and welfare of broilers during rearing period. Our work was divided into two studies. Each study was composed of three experiments. The first study focused on the effect of the HW on dehydration, growth performances, intestinal enzyme activity and severity of pododermatitis in broilersThe second study focused on the effect of TD on dehydration, animal performance and severity of pododermatitis in broilers. It was shown that late hatched chicks (0-7h before takeoff) are of lower quality. They lose more weight during the first eight days of rearing. This weight loss, does not last until slaughter. Our observations have shown that after a TD of 4 or 10h, the chicks’ growth was reduced during the first three weeks of rearing compared to chicks that were not transported, but this effect did not last until slaughter. In addition, TD had no clear effect on dehydration, mortality, feed efficiency and severity of pododermatitis
Van, Niekerk S. J. (Sarel Johannes). "Actual and predicted performance of broiler chickens." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49817.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and profitability of different dietary specifications for broiler chickens slaughtered at 35 days of age. Two trials were performed to evaluate different production parameters. The results of these trials were compared to the predicted results of the EFG broiler model. No carcass data were available for the two trials mentioned above. Therefore, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the broiler model when predicting carcass characteristics, two published data sets (Leeson et al., 1996a) were used. Predicted and actual values were compared, evaluated and discussed. Two broiler trials were performed. In Trial One the amino acid density decreased throughout the range of three treatments from prestarter to finisher diets. In Trial Two the amino acid density decreased only in the four finisher diets. The main difference between predicted and actual results was the response to body weight. The model predicted a steady increase in feed intake to compensate for the lower dietary specifications while body weight did not change significantly. This increase in feed intake seems to be enough to maintain body weight. Trial birds also increased their feed intake as dietary amino acid density decreased, but this compensation seemed to be too low to maintain body weight compared to the control diet. The birds may find it easier to compensate when they have time to adapt to the specification. There is evidence in the literature that birds need seven days to adapt their feed intake to a lower feed specification (Leeson et al., 1996a). It can be speculated that the trial birds started to loose body weight due to a lower amino acid intake in this period. The model seems to adapt feed intake immediately after a change in diet specification. The simulation on literature data lead to the following conclusions: 1) Broilers posses the capacity to increase their feed intake with at least 65% should finisher diets with lower amino acid and energy concentrations be supplied. If only the energy concentration of finisher diets were decreased, the increase in feed intake will be around 30%. (see Table 16 and 23) 2) The accurate prediction of feed intake from the given dietary specification has a major influence on the accuracy of the prediction of broiler performance. 3) Amino acid density and DLys:ME ratio plays a significant role in the control and prediction of feed intake. The EFG broiler model is based on sound scientific principles. The model is comprehensive and can be used for a wide range of environmental and management conditions as well as dietary conditions. The nutritionist can use the model with confidence to assist in practical feed formulation. The actual strength of the model lies in the time and money being saved compared to practical trials.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om die prestasie en winsgewendheid van braaikuikens te bepaal wanneer voere met verskillende digthede tot op 35 dae gevoer word. Twee eksperimente is uitgevoer om produksieresultate te evalueer. Die resultate van hierdie eksperimente is met die voorspelde waardes uit die EFG simulasie-model vergelyk. Aangesien geen karkasdata vir bogenoemde eksperimente beskikbaar was nie, is twee gepubliseerde datastelle gebruik om hierdie deel van die model te evalueer (Leeson et al., 1996a). Twee braaikuiken eksperimente is uitgevoer. Eksperiment Een het uit drie behandelings bestaan waarvan die aminosuur-konsentrasie vanaf dag een tussen behandelings verskil het. In Eksperiment Twee het die aminosuur-konsentrasie net in die vier afrondingsdiëte verskil. Liggaamsmassa op 35 dae het die grooste verskil tussen voorspelde- en werklike waardes getoon. Beide voorspelde en werklike innames het in albei eksperimente verhoog soos wat aminosuur-konsentrasie afgeneem het. Voorspelde liggaamsmassa het egter konstant gebly terwyl werklike data 'n afname in liggaamsmassa getoon het. Dit bleik dat die voorspelde toename in innames voldoende was om massa te onderhou terwyl die voëls in werklikheid nie genoeg gekompenseer het nie. Leeson et al., 1996a het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat braaikuikens minstens sewe dae benodig om hul voeriname by 'n nuwe spesifikasie aan te pas. So 'n stadige aanpassing kan daartoe lei dat energie- en aminosuur-inname daal indien 'n dieet met laer spesifikasie gevoer. Dit sal daartoe lei dat die kuikens liggaamsmassa verloor. Uit die literatuur simulasies is die volgende afleidings gemaak: 1) Braaikuikens besit die vermoeë om voerinname in die afrondingstyd met minstens 65% te verhoog indien 'n afrondingvoer met laer amiosuur- asook energiekonsentrasie gevoer word. Indien net die energiekonsentrasie verlaag word, sal die inname met sowat 30% verhoog. 2) Die akkurate voorspelling van inname is krities vir die akkurate voorspelling van produksieparameters. 3) Aminosuur-digtheid en DLys:ME speel 'n belangrike rol in die beheer en voorspelling van voerinname by braaikuikens. Die EFG braaikuikenmodel is op suiwer wetenskaplike beginsels geskoei. Die model is omvattend en kan vir 'n wye reeks van omgewings- en bestuurstoestande asook dieet-spesifikasies gebruik word. Die voedingkundige kan die model met vertroue gebruik om met praktiese voerformulering by te staan. Die model kan die formuleerder baie tyd spaar aangesien praktiese eksperimente ingeperk kan word.
Smith, Janet. "Campylobacter, chicken, and the regulatory performance standard." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15559.
Full textFood Science
Randall K. Phebus
Campylobacter is recognized as a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. In the United States, Campylobacter causes an estimated 600,000 illnesses and 55 deaths each year at a cost of over $1.3 billion. It is estimated that 80 percent of Campylobacter infections are foodborne with almost 50 percent of these cases attributed to poultry. Based on these statistics, Campylobacter and poultry is considered by some to be the riskiest pathogen-food combination. Campylobacter illness is usually self-limiting but serious illness and complications can occur. Serious illness requires treatment with antibiotics, but with emerging antibiotic resistance observed in Campylobacter isolates, treatment options might be limited. Therefore, it is of importance to reduce significantly the consumer’s exposure to Campylobacter through poultry consumption. In July 2011, USDA FSIS’s new performance standard for Campylobacter in chicken and turkey slaughter establishments went into effect. For chicken, the standard allows no more than eight Campylobacter-positive samples out of a fifty-one sample set. Methods for Campylobacter detection and enumeration include direct plating using a medium such as Campy-Cefex, MPN techniques, ELISA, and PCR. To meet the new performance standard the industry will need to consider improvements in poultry production. Improvements likely will not be limited to processing interventions such as scalding, picking, evisceration, and chilling. Improvements may include on-farm interventions such as enhanced biosecurity, use of competitive exclusion or vaccinations, good hygiene practices, and improved staging at introduction to processing. Post-processing interventions that might be considered include freezing or further processing (i.e. cooking) of poultry products from Campylobacter-positive flocks. Significant improvements in establishments’ food safety programs are expected to occur to meet the standard and are predicted to result in an estimated reduction of 5,000 Campylobacter illnesses per year.
Huang, Huajin Kim. "Amino acid digestibility and performance of broiler chickens /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18475.pdf.
Full textMakhafola, Maila Bervly. "Correlations between live performance and reproductive traits of South African indigenous male chicken breeds." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/159.
Full textThe objectives of the study were to find the relationship between live performance and testis traits of South African indigenous cockerels on Naked Neck, Ovambo and Potchefstroom Koekoek (Trial 1). Characterise Naked Neck, Ovambo and Potchefstroom Koekoek cockerels’ semen macroscopically and microscopically (Trial 2). To investigate the relationship between phenotypic and sperm traits of the South African indigenous cockerels Naked Neck, Ovambo and Potchefstroom Koekoek. (Trial 3). Quantification of indigenous cockerels sperm traits measured by Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) technology and the relationship to fertility (Trial 4). The cockerels shank, comb and wattle length were recorded with a vernier calliper. A total of 198 ejaculates were collected from 33 cockerels; Ovambo (n=11), Potchefstroom Koekoek (n=11) and Naked Neck (n=11) by means of an abdominal massage technique. Following analysis, 0.25 ml undiluted semen dose from Naked Neck (NN, 11), Ovambo (OV, 11) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK, 11) cockerels were inseminated NN (30), OV (30) and PK (30) hens once per week for 6 weeks. Semen was analysed macroscopically and microscopically. The sperm motility rate was evaluated with the aid of the Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) called Sperm Class Analyser (SCA) system. Breed significantly (P< 0.05) affected the body weight of Ovambo (2.5±0.4kg), Naked Neck (2.0±0.3kg) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (2.3±0.3kg) cockerels, OV was statistically heavier than NN and PK. The semen volume of Naked Neck (0.5±0.2ml) breed was significantly higher, when compared to Ovambo (0.4±0.2ml), but similar to Potchefstroom Koekoek (0.3±0.2ml) breed. The overall sperm motility rate of Ovambo (95.0±7.2%), Potchefstroom Koekoek (86.0±13.7%) Naked Neck (76.4±22.2%) group was significantly different. The normal sperm morphology in the Naked Neck (76.4±22.2%) was significantly lower when compared to Potchefstroom Koekoek (86.0±13.7%) and Ovambo (95.0±7.2%) cockerels. A positive correlation existed between body weight and semen volume for Potchefstroom Koekoek (r=0.1477) cockerels only. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the body weight and total sperm motility for Naked Neck (r=0.3848), Ovambo (r=0.4871) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (r=0.2230) cockerels. However, a negative correlation existed between body weight and semen volume for Naked Neck (r=-0.4502) and Ovambo (r=-0.1244). There was no significant differences (P>0.05) on the shank length (SL), comb length (CL) and wattle length WL) of Naked Neck (8.4, 5.4 and 5.6 cm), Ovambo (8.3, 5.8 and 6.0 cm) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (7.7, 5.9 and 5.6). There was a positive correlation between shank length and wattle length, comb length, semen volume, sperm concentration, semen pH and live normal sperm, inversely, a negative correlation of body weight and total sperm motility was observed. Introspective a negative correlation existed between body weight and total motility. Ovambo (11.45±0.9 g) had the highest live weight of testis, it was significantly different from Naked Neck (9.2±0.8g) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (8.9±0.8 g). For average length of the testis there was a significant difference amongst all breeds, Ovambo (4.0±0.5 cm), Naked Neck (3.4±0.3 cm) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (3.7±0.4 cm). Following Al, significant differences were recorded in Potchefstroom Koekoek and produced eggs that had highest average egg weight (55.5 g), fertility (68.2 %), hatchability (78.6 %), percentage of normal chicks (80.1%) and chick weight (37.9 g) compared to Ovambo (40.4 g, 5 2.1 % , 70.2 %, 71.5 %, 32.8 g and Naked Neck (37.1 g, 50.6 %, 71.1 %, 75.8 % and 23.5 g). In order to achieve the highest level of fertility and hatched of fertile eggs, an adequate number of active males that are producing high quality semen should be maintained in the breeder house at all times. In conclusion, body weight positively affected semen volume and sperm motility rate but this was breed dependent. The Sperm of Potchefstroom Koekoek and Ovambo resulted in a better motility and morphology rate. The Sperm Class Analyser or CASA provided more precise, repeatable and objective information. Evaluation of the sperm motility rate of South African indigenous cockerels holds potential for future use in semen evaluation. Body weight of all three indigenous breeds was positively correlated with sperm concentration, semen pH, and total sperm motility. Shank and wattle length of all three indigenous breeds were positively correlated with semen volume, sperm concentration, and semen pH but not with total sperm motility. However, comb length was positively correlated with semen volume and pH, sperm concentration, and total motility. In conclusion, there is no correlation between live performance and testis traits. Though the study suggests that body weight and testicular length are good indicators of sperm production. Simple and indirect method of estimation is still needed to predict the fertility of the breeding cockerels. In order to achieve the highest level of fertility and hatch of fertile eggs, an adequate number of active males that are producing high quality semen should be maintained in the breeder house at all times. The Potchefstroom Koekoek, Ovambo and Naked Neck donated quality semen as well as in improving the fertility and hatchability traits of the indigenous chicken breeds. Chicken hatched from larger eggs had higher body weight, hatchability and fertility therefore breeders should select bigger egg sizes probably of 50-55g for breeding programmes. Consequently, the local cockerels have higher potential for use in natural mating and Al programmes since seminal traits could be a viable index for selection of breeding cockerels.
Nelwamondo, Nditsheni Constance. "Effect of management and socio-economic factors on the performance of the Vhembe District Egg Production Project." Thesis, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1115.
Full textThe objectives of the study were to evaluate the productivity of the Vhembe egg production project and determine the management and socio-economic factors affecting productivity. The data were collected from 2005 to 2007. Thirty-two farmers from four municipalities were randomly selected. Each household received a once-off unit consisting of a cage with eighteen point of lay chickens 4x50 bags of laying mesh, feeding and drinking troughs. Production records from sampled farmers were used in the analysis. Data included monthly egg production, eggs consumed, eggs sold, income from eggs, production costs, monthly feed utilization and mortality. Primary data on educational standards, socio-economic characteristics (age and gender of the household head, farming size, level of education and alternative income, were collected using a questionnaire. The study revealed that sex, age and educational level had impact on production as low production was associated with older farmers and low level of education. These factors should be considered when planning community projects. Chicken rearing and ownership is often shared among the family members, in this study, the management was predominantly by women (63%) and children (18%). This may be an indication that if assistance efforts are targeted towards women, village poverty could be significantly reduced. It is concluded that the low income accrued from the project explains the reason for high abandonment or neglect of the project. The income received from the project is smaller than the government grants and as such not attractive. It is not surprising that presently most farmers have abandoned the project. It is noted that if labour costs had been taken into consideration, the project would be running at a serious loss and the resultant output would discourage even the most enthusiastic farmers.
Prince, Siliga Hulisani. "Modelling the broiler performance under small-scales and semi commercial management condition." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/110.
Full textHilario, Reginaldo Francisco. "Statistical modelling of data from performance of broiler chickens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-18012019-165449/.
Full textExperimentos com frangos de corte são comuns atualmente, pois devido à grande demanda de mercado da carne de frango surgiu a necessidade de melhorar os fatores ligados à produção do frango de corte. Muitos estudos têm sido feitos para aprimorar as técnicas de manejo. Nesses estudos os métodos e técnicas estatísticas de análise são empregados. Em estudos com comparações entre tratamentos, não é incomum observar falta de efeito significativo mesmo quando existem evidências que apontam a significância dos efeitos. Para evitar tais eventualidades é fundamental realizar um bom planejamento antes da condução do experimento. Nesse contexto, foi feito um estudo do poder do teste F enfatizando as relações entre o poder do teste, tamanho da amostra, diferença média a ser detectada e variância para dados de pesos de frangos. Na análise de dados provenientes de experimentos com frangos de corte com ambos os sexos e que a unidade experimental é o boxe, geralmente os modelos utilizados não levam em conta a variabilidade entre os sexos das aves, isso afeta a precisão da inferência sobre a população de interesse. Foi proposto um modelo para o peso total por boxe que leva em conta a informação do sexo dos frangos.
Burnham, Matthew Rex. "Physiological factors associated with the alteration of reproductive performance of commercial egg laying chickens infected with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2002. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04012002-142229.
Full textNembilwi, Daniel. "Evaluation of broiler performance under small-scale and semi-commercial farming conditions in the Northern Province." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/92.
Full textCox, Chasity Marie. "In ovo supplementation of Primalac and the effects on performance and immune response of broilers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50502.
Full textPh. D.
Ritzi, Miranda Marie. "The Effects of Probiotics on Performance and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens during Coccidiosis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76952.
Full textMaster of Science
Mngqi, Sinethemba Census. "Effect of Tenebrio molitor larvae as a protein source on growth performance, carcass yield and meat quality of broiler chickens." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2622.
Full textKamba, Evelyn Tatenda. "Effects of Aloe ferox in drinking water, on growth performance, blood parameters, meat quality, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of broiler meat." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1020202.
Full textSADIK, HAITHAM LOTFY. "EFFECTS OF LYSINE, TOTAL SULFUR AMINO ACIDS, AND TALLOW ON LAYING HEN PERFORMANCES." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183845.
Full textYazo, Mohammed Bukar. "Effects of light on the performance of meat- and egg-type chickens." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9983.
Full textOtt, Christopher Philip. "Impact of Dietary Beta-glucan Supplementation on Performance and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens During Challenge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75170.
Full textMaster of Science
White, Mallory B. "Performance and Microbial Profiles of Broiler Chickens fed Phytogenic Feed Additives or Probiotics during Coccidiosis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83871.
Full textMaster of Science
The prophylactic use of antibiotics is rapidly being phased out of poultry operations. Diseases such as coccidiosis are extremely costly, and typically prevented with coccidiostats and antibiotics. New regulation banning antibiotics is mandating a search for new alternatives, such as probiotics and phytogenic feed additives (PFAs). Two separate studies were performed to evaluate the performance and microbial profiles of commercial broilers fed either PFAs or Eimeria challenged broilers fed probiotics. During the probiotics study, 1056 day-old male Ross broiler chicks were assigned to one of 6 treatments, 8 replicates per treatment, with 22 birds per floor pen in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, with DFM mix and coccidiosis challenge being the main factors. Treatments included a non-infected control (NC), a non-infected low level DFM-fed group (DL), a non-infected high level DFM-fed group (DH), an infected control (PC), an infected low level DFM-fed group (DL+), and an infected high level DFM-fed group (DH+). Performance measurements were taken on d0, d7, d14, d21, and d28. Mucosal scrapings from the ileum were obtained on d7, d14, d21, and d28 to determine microbial profiles. On d15, birds in the three infected groups were challenged with a mixed inoculum containing Eimeria maxima, E. tenella, and E. acervulina. Lesion scores were assessed on d21. Body composition was analyzed via Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) on d28. Results indicated a trend (P < 0.1) toward improved D28 body composition, lower Clostridium in DFM-fed challenged broilers compared to PC, and higher Bacillus in DH compared to DH+. Results were not significant for BW, BWG, FI, or lesion scores. The second study evaluated the effects of PFA provided as a dietary supplement over a 6-week period on performance and immune responses in broilers. In total, 1056 day-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 8 replicate pens (22 birds/pen) with 6 treatments including a standard corn/wheat basal diet, a basal with antibiotics, and 4 various combinations of PFA (PHY 1, 2, 3, and 4). Performance was assessed on day 7 (D7), 14, 28, and 42. Starter diet was fed D0-14, grower D14-28, and finisher D28-42. Microbial profiling was assessed on D7, 14, and 42, and body composition measured on D42 using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Results varied by week, but cumulatively, body weight gain (BWG) per bird was higher in PHY1 and 4, statistically similar to AGP and CTRL. With feed conversion ratio (FCR), PHY2 was higher than any other treatment between D0-42, while all other treatments were similar. PCR results were not statistically significant; however, DXA results indicated a higher lean to fat ratio in birds from PHY1-4 when compared to AGP, indicating an overall leaner bird in PHY treatments. The results of these studies suggest that diets supplemented with DFMs or PFAs result in improved broiler performance.
Gilbert, André. "The value of dietary fats for improving reproductive performance of broiler breeder chickens /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59945.
Full textIn Experiment 1, added dietary fat produced significantly higher fertility and early embryonic livability. In Experiment 2, inclusion of 3% CO in the males' diets significantly increased late embryo livability and total embryo survival resulting in a significantly higher hatchability. There were no differences in semen characteristics among dietary treatments. These data indicate that the contribution of the male is not restricted to the fertilization of eggs but is also related to embryonic livability. The addition of fat significantly affected the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fraction of the spermatozoa cells.
Ellis, S. M. "Dietary and environmental factors affecting the gut microflora and performance of broiler chickens." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269049.
Full textSokanyile, Sanda. "How phase feeding manipulation affects growth, performance, feed cost, carcass characteristics and the quality of meat from broilers." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5565.
Full textTipakorn, Naiyana. "Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Nees on performance, mortality and coccidiosis in broiler chickens." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964912708.
Full textPirgozliev, Vassil R. "The effect of wheat cultivars on the growth performance and energy retention of broiler chickens." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58074/.
Full textSegobola, Phokela Jonathan. "Efficacy of exogenous phytase and protease enzymes on performance and gastrointestinal health in broiler chickens." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60857.
Full textDissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
MSc (Agric)
Unrestricted
Rude, Christopher Mark. "Effects of feed manufacturing on nutrient metabolism, nutrient retention, and growth performance of broiler chickens." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17152.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
R. Scott Beyer
Broiler chicken feed is processed. Cereal grains are ground to reduce particle size and the feed usually is pelleted. When pelleted, broiler diets are steam conditioned and forced through a die causing varying levels of starch gelatinization. Cereal grain particle size and starch gelatinization can be controlled during feed manufacturing. Earlier research has shown that starch gelatinization negatively affects growth performance of 0 to 21 d of age. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of corn particle size and starch gelatinization on growth performance, dressing percentage, and gizzard size when fed to 22 to 42 d of age broilers. Increasing particle size from 470 to 1240 μm increased body weight gain, dressing percentage, and relative gizzard size. Starch gelatinization increased relative gizzard size. No interaction effects were detected. To expand on previous experiments, a trial was conducted to investigate the effect of starch gelatinization on broiler chick gastrointestinal pH, glucose absorption, and glucoregulation. Starch gelatinization level affected jejunum pH, with a higher pH reported at 20% starch gelatinization. Increases in starch gelatinization decreased blood glucose and increased glucagon level. Highest measured glucagon level was reported in broiler chicks fed the diet with 20% starch gelatinization level diet after 6 hours of starvation. A third experiment was conducted to determine the effect of starch gelatinization on metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility. Increasing starch gelatinization from 0 to 100% increased true metabolizable energy and fecal output in roosters. No effect was found on apparent metabolizable energy or amino acid digestibility, with an increase in starch gelatinization from 0 to 20%. Increasing particle size from 470 to 1240 μm had a positive effect on 22 to 42 d growth performance. A starch gelatinization level of 20% or lower had no effect on metabolizable energy or amino acid digestion. Older broilers with larger gastrointestinal tracts are unaffected by 20% gelatinized starch; whereas, 20% gelatinized starch reduced blood glucose and increased glucagon levels of young broilers. Lower blood glucose and increased glucagon are indicative of lower glucose storage, and could cause reduced young broiler growth performance when fed diets with gelatinized starch.
Ferreira, Petrus Stephanus. "A management model for service excellence and organisational performance in the breeder/broiler chicken industry." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/98.
Full textThe global, one-world economy has arrived and South Africa is part of it. Business needs to understand the challenge of global competitiveness. This study reflected the prominence of managing diversity in establishing service excellence and performance management for professionals in the mediumsize chicken breeder/broiler industry in South Africa, following the increased importance of the breeder/broiler industry in providing an affordable nutriment/commodity to the poor and needy South African population. The ongoing variables in the political, social, cultural and technology domains in South Africa also affect the chicken breeder/broiler industry. It necessitates the scientific evaluation of the effect of the external political and socio-political environment; internal training and development, leadership styles, literacy levels, employment equity, resistance to change, reverse discrimination and cultural diversity on service excellence and performance. Country Bird (Pty) Ltd., a significant role-player in the food production industry, was thus selected as the object of this study. The role of management and the workers was examined to determine the level of impact in attaining service excellence and organisational performance. Attention was also focused on the development of a service excellence and organisational performance management model that can be used in the chicken breeder/broiler industry to improve organisational performance and sustainable profits.
Minh, Do Viet. "Effect of supplementation, breed, season and location on feed intake and performance of scavenging chickens in Vietnam /." Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005101.pdf.
Full textFontana, Eddy Alejandro. "The effect of early feed restriction on the performance, organ weights, carcass composition, and lipid and protein metabolism in broiler chickens." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41291.
Full textPh. D.
Lopes, Irani Ribeiro Vieira. "Uso de antioxidante nos farelos de castanha de caju e de coco na alimentação de aves." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17025.
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Feeding is one of the item that more the economic exploration of birds burdens. In the State of the Ceará this problem if accents, mainly due the necessity to import maize and soy of other states and countries (in the case of the maize) and of the sazonal oscillation in the prices of these ingredients. In the attempt to reduce the costs, if it has looked for to use “alternative” foods, as the cashew chestnut bran (FCC) and the bran of coconut (FC) in the formularization of rations for birds. In general, these brans are rich in lipídios and are inclined to develop oxidativa, main rancidez responsible for the losses of quality of foods. To prevent the lipídica peroxidação it is common to treat ingredients or rations with antirust substance during the storage. The present work had as objective to evaluate the oxidativa stability of the FCC and the FC, dealt or not with BHT (hidroxitolueno Butil) in different times of storage, and the effect of the use of these ingredients in the rations on the zootécnico performance of chickens of cut and commercial poedeiras, respectively. For each ingredient, the acquired amount was divided in five equal parts. In day zero (soon after the improvement), one of the parts was dealt with BHT, in the ratio of 500 ppm, while another one remained without the antirust substance addition until the end of 35 days of storage. In the too much portions the BHT was added to the 7, 14 and 21 days. Weekly, the peroxide and acid values had been determined (WENT) (IP). Passed the period of storage, the FCC and the FC had been used in the formularization of the rations for chickens of cut (Experiment 1 with FCC) and for commercial poedeiras (Experiment 2 with FC). In experiment 1 480 young chickens of one day had been used, Ross, distributed to perhaps in five treatments, with eight repetitions of twelve birds each. The treatments had consisted of isonutrientes rations contend: FCC without BHT addition (s/BHT); FCC with addition of BHT in day zero (BHT/0); FCC with BHT addition 7 days after the storage (BHT/7); FCC with BHT addition 14 days after the storage (BHT/14); FCC with BHT addition 21 days after the storage (BHT/21). IT WENT IT of the FCC during the period of storage did not vary, independent of the use or not of antirust substance, whereas, the IP of the FCC with or without BHT increased with the storage time. The treatments had not affected the performance (consumption of ration, profit of weight and alimentary conversion), the characteristics of carcass (chest and carcass income and, percentage of liver and abdominal fat) the text of humidity of the liver and the text of humidity and etéreo extract of the abdominal fat of the cut chickens. The parameters of quality of the meat (losses for firing, capacity of water retention, force of shear and pH) and the components of color luminosity (L*) and intensity of red (a*) of the fat had not differed between itself. However, in the group of the birds that had received FCC dealt with BHT/0 the etéreo extract text of the liver was lesser and the yellow intensity (component b*) of the abdominal fat was bigger when compared with the one of the birds of the treatment it has controlled. In experiment 2, 180 white poedeiras Hisex had been used, in as the cycle of production, distributed to perhaps in five treatments and six repetitions of six birds each. The treatments had consisted of isonutrientes rations contend: FC without BHT addition (s/BHT); FC with addition of BHT in day zero (BHT/0); FC with BHT addition 7 days after the storage (BHT/7); FC with BHT addition 14 days after the storage (BHT/14); FC with BHT addition 21 days after the storage (BHT/21). IT WENT IT and IP of the FC stored with or without BHT, had increased with the storage time. The level of oxidation observed in the FC and, consequentemente, in the rations, did not affect the productive performance (consumption of ration, percentage of position, egg mass and alimentary conversion) and the quality of eggs (weight of the egg, Haugh Units, egg yolk percentage, rind and albúmen, and color of the egg yolk). The FCC and the FC stored per 35 days without antirust substance can compose the rations of cut chickens and poedeiras, respectively, without harming the productive performance and the quality of the meat and eggs. However, fed chickens of cut with ration I contend 15% of FCC dealt with BHT/0 present minor text of etéreo extract in the liver and greater yellow intensity in the abdominal fat.
Alimentação é um dos itens que mais onera a exploração econômica de aves. No Estado do Ceará este problema se acentua, principalmente devido a necessidade de importar milho e soja de outros estados e países (no caso do milho) e da oscilação sazonal nos preços desses ingredientes. Na tentativa de reduzir os custos, tem se procurado utilizar alimentos “alternativos”, como o farelo de castanha de caju (FCC) e o farelo de coco (FC) na formulação de rações para aves. Em geral, estes farelos são ricos em lipídios e estão propensos a desenvolverem rancidez oxidativa, principal responsável pelas perdas de qualidade dos alimentos. Para evitar a peroxidação lipídica é comum tratar ingredientes ou rações com antioxidante durante o armazenamento. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a estabilidade oxidativa do FCC e do FC, tratados ou não com BHT (Butil hidroxitolueno) em diferentes tempos de armazenamento, e os efeitos da utilização destes ingredientes nas rações sobre o desempenho zootécnico de frangos de corte e de poedeiras comerciais, respectivamente. Para cada ingrediente, a quantidade adquirida foi dividida em cinco partes iguais. No dia zero (logo após o beneficiamento), uma das partes foi tratada com BHT, na proporção de 500 ppm, enquanto outra permaneceu sem a adição de antioxidante até o final de 35 dias de armazenamento. Nas demais porções o BHT foi adicionado aos 7, 14 e 21 dias. Semanalmente, foram determinados os índices de acidez (IA) e de peróxidos (IP). Decorrido o período de armazenamento, o FCC e o FC foram utilizados na formulação das rações para frangos de corte (Experimento 1 com FCC) e para poedeiras comerciais (Experimento 2 com FC). No experimento 1 foram utilizados 480 pintos de um dia, Ross, distribuídos ao acaso em cinco tratamentos, com oito repetições de doze aves cada. Os tratamentos constaram de rações isonutrientes contendo: FCC sem adição de BHT (s/BHT); FCC com adição de BHT no dia zero (BHT/0); FCC com adição de BHT 7 dias após o armazenamento (BHT/7); FCC com adição de BHT 14 dias após o armazenamento (BHT/14); FCC com adição de BHT 21 dias após o armazenamento (BHT/21). O IA do FCC durante o período de armazenamento não variou, independente do uso ou não de antioxidante, enquanto que, o IP do FCC com ou sem BHT aumentou com o tempo de armazenamento. Os tratamentos não afetaram o desempenho (consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar), as características de carcaça (rendimento de carcaça e de peito e, percentagem de fígado e gordura abdominal) o teor de umidade do fígado e o teor de umidade e extrato etéreo da gordura abdominal dos frangos de corte. Os parâmetros de qualidade da carne (perdas por cocção, capacidade de retenção de água, força de cisalhamento e pH) e os componentes de cor luminosidade (L*) e intensidade de vermelho (a*) da gordura não diferiram entre si. Entretanto, no grupo das aves que receberam FCC tratado com BHT/0 o teor de extrato etéreo do fígado foi menor e a intensidade de amarelo (componente b*) da gordura abdominal foi maior quando comparado com o das aves do tratamento controle. No experimento 2, foram utilizadas 180 poedeiras Hisex brancas, no segundo ciclo de produção, distribuídas ao acaso em cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de seis aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram de rações isonutrientes contendo: FC sem adição de BHT (s/BHT); FC com adição de BHT no dia zero (BHT/0); FC com adição de BHT 7 dias após o armazenamento (BHT/7); FC com adição de BHT 14 dias após o armazenamento (BHT/14); FC com adição de BHT 21 dias após o armazenamento (BHT/21). O IA e IP do FC armazenado com ou sem BHT, aumentaram com o tempo de armazenamento. O nível de oxidação observado no FC e, consequentemente, nas rações, não afetou o desempenho produtivo (consumo de ração, percentagem de postura, massa de ovo e conversão alimentar) e a qualidade dos ovos (peso do ovo, Unidades Haugh, percentagem de gema, casca e albúmen, e cor da gema). O FCC e o FC armazenados por 35 dias sem antioxidante podem compor as rações de frangos de corte e poedeiras, respectivamente, sem prejudicar o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade da carne e dos ovos. Entretanto, frangos de corte alimentados com ração contendo 15% de FCC tratado com BHT/0 apresentam menor teor de extrato etéreo no fígado e maior intensidade de amarelo na gordura abdominal.
Moore, Scott Melvin. "The effects of corn hybrid kernel traits on performance in broiler chickens, laying hens, and pigs." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
Find full textSithambaram, Shanmugavelu. "The influence of enzymes and phytochemicals in chicken diets on performance, nutrient utilisation and gut microbiota." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418908.
Full textIyasere, Oluwaseun Serah. "Effect of heat and physiological stress on the growth performance, physiology and welfare of broiler chickens." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2585.
Full textWapi, Cwayita. "Effects of feeding Moringa Oleifera leaf meal as an additive on growth performance of chicken, physico-chemical shelf-life indicators, fatty acid profiles and lipid oxidation of broiler meat." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007546.
Full textBrümmer, Mieke. "The effect of yeast cell wall preparations on salmonella colonisation, gastrointestinal health and performance of broiler chickens." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04212008-112014.
Full textGarcía, Portillo Óscar Amilcar. "Effect of the partial substitution of a commercial feed for corn meal on growth performance of chickens." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1999. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5367.
Full textPowell, Joseph E. "Influence of genomic architecture on the performance of association mapping : application to ascites syndrome in broiler chickens." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15653.
Full textLin, Yi Fu, and 林義福. "The effects of methionine-supplemented diets on the growth performance and immune response of Taiwan country chicks and broiler chicks." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23512483639562828310.
Full textKhetani, Thamsanqa Lucky. "The effects of maternal dietary lysine intake on broiler breeder offspring performance." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8304.
Full textThesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.
Shim, Mi Yeon. "Performance and bone quality of modern broiler chicks as influenced by hens' age and egg storage time." 2007. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/shim%5Fmi-yeon%5F200705%5Fms.
Full textBartell, Shoshana Mal-Lee. "The effect of supplemental glutamine on growth performance, development of the gastrointesinal tract, and immune response of broiler chicks." 2006. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/bartell%5Fshoshana%5Fm%5F200605%5Fms.
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