Academic literature on the topic 'Chiefs' courts'
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Journal articles on the topic "Chiefs' courts"
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Gocking, Roger. "Colonial rule and the ‘legal factor’ in Ghana and Lesotho." Africa 67, no. 1 (January 1997): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161270.
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This article compares and contrasts the development of the legal systems of two British colonies that occuped almost opposite ends of the colonial judicial continuum: what in colonial times were known as the Gold Coast and Basutoland. Both became British colonies in the late nineteenth century, but followed considerably different paths to that status. In the case of the Gold Coast it followed centuries of contact between Europeans and the coastal peoples in this area of West Africa. In the case of Basutoland incorporation into the European world was a nineteenth-century phenomenon and far more rapid. Nevertheless, at the turn of the century, as indirect rule became the officially accepted wisdom as to how colonial peoples should be ruled, administrators in both colonies sought to make the chiefly order an integral part of the colony's administration and award its chiefs judicial responsibilities. In the Gold Coast, however, chiefly courts remained in competition with a highly developed British-style Supreme Court. In Basutoland there were basically only chiefly courts until late in the colonial period, which applied Sesotho customary law that was written down as the Laws of Lerotholi in 1903. The two-tier judicial system of the Gold Coast allowed far more contestation and was far more flexible and responsive to social changes than was the case in Basutoland. Incremental changes over time meant that the judicial system evolved far more smoothly than in Basutoland. When in the latter colony changes did not come ‘from above’ in the 1940s, there was a serious outbreak of ‘medicine murders’ that many observers felt was directly related to the chiefs losing their judicial role. Also, the colony's high court ruled against the validity of the Laws of Lerotholi in the controversial ‘Regency case’. Apart from being a return to comparative analyses of the impact of colonial rule on former African colonies, much in vogue in the 1960s, this study is an attempt to modify the emphasis on ‘cleavage’ and the ‘coercive’ that has characterised historians' approach to the study of colonial law.
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Werbner, Pnina, and Richard Werbner. "Divorce as Process, Botswana Style." Journal of Legal Anthropology 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2018.020202.
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This article aims to unravel the complex negotiations surrounding property settlements and custody in cases of divorce in customary courts in Botswana today in the light of an earlier legacy of penalising divorce initiators. It argues that women’s attempts to get their husbands to initiate divorce proceedings can entangle women in lengthy negotiations and ultimately frustrate the aim of achieving a divorce. Repeated court hearings can last for years, we show. At the same time, in Botswana’s statutory courts today, an equal division of property irrespective of the causes of marital breakdown has become established practice. In the article, we aim to show that customary laws regarding property settlement in divorce have indeed changed, gradually adjusting to notions of equity in women’s rights in marriage, in response to a wider ideological, critical movement, even though chiefs or headmen presiding over customary courts do not always explicitly acknowledge this change.
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Berry, Sara. "A Death in the Family: Property, Inheritance, and Belonging in Late Colonial Asante." Journal of African History 62, no. 2 (July 2021): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185372100027x.
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AbstractAn inheritance dispute heard before one of the chiefs’ courts established in Asante under indirect rule illustrates the multivalent, dynamic character of social institutions at a time of economic and political transition. Litigated in 1951, the dispute raised questions about the meaning of ‘family’ and ‘belonging’, and their significance for people's access to wealth and their obligations to one another. Played out against a backdrop of potentially far-reaching social and political change in Ghana and beyond, cases such as this one suggest that terms such as ‘belonging’ and ‘family’ are best understood as labels for complex social processes, rather than facts that determine people's social identities and entitlements.
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Sachs, Jeffrey Adam. "“Native Courts” and the Limits of the Law in Colonial Sudan: Ambiguity as Strategy." Law & Social Inquiry 38, no. 04 (2013): 973–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12040.
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This article offers a way of thinking about colonial-era legal reform that departs from traditional narratives by highlighting the importance of legal ambiguity in state building projects. Following the establishment of “Native Administration” in the Sudan in the early 1920s, the British colonial government conferred expansive judicial and administrative powers on tribal sheikhs and nazirs (chiefs), while at the same time discouraging many attempts to formalize or standardize those powers, preferring instead that they remain informal and undefined. This policy, which I term “strategic ambiguity,” emerged out of a belief that tribal leaders would be more effective if they possessed maximum discretion and judicial flexibility, even though the result was a colonial government woefully ill-informed about much of its own judicial system. These findings point to a way of thinking about colonial-era legal reform in which governmental ignorance was actually productive of sovereignty, and not an obstacle to it.
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Watt, Douglas. "‘The laberinth of thir difficulties’: the Influence of Debt on the Highland Elite c. 1550 – 1700." Scottish Historical Review 85, no. 1 (April 2006): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2006.0029.
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In the inflationary economic conditions of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries Highland chiefs borrowed extensively. Indebtedness was caused by increasing expenditure in response to the rising authority of the state, which included an active engagement with the central courts and the employment of the legal profession; conspicuous consumption, absenteeism following the regal union of 1603 and a relatively plentiful supply of credit occasioned by the growth of the debt market. Indebtedness was primarily the result of high levels of expenditure rather than deficiency of income. The Highland economy was devastated during the Civil War period and there is extensive evidence of severe financial distress among the Highland elite in the later seventeenth century. This was caused by the significant build up of debts from the later sixteenth century, the collapse of incomes during the mid-century political crisis and the deflationary economic environment of the period from 1650 to 1670. During the Restoration there was a fundamental shift in the nature and structure of clanship from traditionalism to commercialism. The intensity of transition was focused on the thirty or forty years following the mid-century as chiefs were faced with a debt deflation which led to a decline in their position politically, financially, socially and culturally. Many lost control of their estates to commissions. Some responded by raising rents or more intensive engagement with droving, colonisation, extractive industries and merchant networks. Others became backward looking, insecure, impoverished and melancholic. The financial crisis precipitated by the combination of indebtedness and deflation was therefore a pivotal aspect of the process by which Highland chiefs adopted the values of landlords.
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Smith, Randal. "‘Money breaks blood ties’: chiefs' courts and the transition from lineage debt to commercial debt in Sipolilo district." Journal of Southern African Studies 24, no. 3 (September 1998): 509–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057079808708587.
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Wig, Tore, and Daniela Kromrey. "Which groups fight? Customary institutions and communal conflicts in Africa." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 4 (January 31, 2018): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317740416.
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Why are some ethnic groups embroiled in communal conflicts while others are comparably peaceful? We explore the group-specific correlates of communal conflicts in Africa by utilizing a novel dataset combining ethnographic information on group characteristics with conflict data. Specifically, we investigate whether features of the customary political institutions of ethnic groups matter for their communal-conflict involvement. We show how institutional explanations for conflict, developed to explain state-based wars, can be successfully applied to the customary institutions of ethnic groups. We argue that customary institutions can pacify through facilitating credible nonviolent bargaining. Studying 143 ethnic groups, we provide large-N evidence for such an ‘ethnic civil peace’, showing that groups with a higher number of formalized customary institutions, like houses of chiefs, courts and legislatures, are less prone to communal conflict, both internally and with other groups. We also find some evidence, although slightly weaker, that groups with more inclusive or ‘democratic’ customary institutions are less prone to communal conflicts.
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Kgatla, Thias. "CLERGY’S RESISTANCE TO VENDA HOMELAND’S INDEPENDENCE IN THE 1970S AND 1980S." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42, no. 3 (February 23, 2017): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/1167.
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The article discusses the clergy’s role in the struggle against Venda’s “independence” in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as resistance to the apartheid policy of “separate development” for Venda. It also explores the policy of indirect white rule through the replacement of real community leaders with incompetent, easily manipulated traditional chiefs. The imposition of the system triggered resistance among the youth and the churches, which led to bloody reprisals by the authorities. Countless were detained under apartheid laws permitting detention without trial for 90 days. Many died in detention, but those responsible were acquitted by the courts of law in the Homeland. The article highlights the contributions of the Black Consciousness Movement, the Black People Conversion Movement, and the Student Christian Movement. The Venda student uprising was second in magnitude only to the Soweto uprising of 16 June 1976. The torture of ministers in detention and the response by church leaders locally and internationally, are discussed. The authorities attempted to divide the Lutheran Church and nationalise the Lutherans in Venda, but this move was thwarted. Venda was officially re-incorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994.
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Zuure, David Naya. "Indigenous conflict resolution and peace-building among the Nabdam of Ghana." International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijhss.13.1.1.
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Harmonious living is an essential ingredient for the progress of every society. This requires that conflicts which are a natural part of human life are amicably resolved when they arise. Largely, people have the options of resorting to the statuary courts system or indigenous approaches which are rooted in the customs and traditions societies for the resolution of conflicts. This study examined the indigenous conflict resolution among the Nabdam of Ghana using the descriptive design within the qualitative research paradigm. It involved thirty persons from the area consisting chiefs, elders, and individuals who have employed the approach in resolving their disputes. The instruments of interview guide, focused-group discussion guide, and observation check lists were deployed to gather data for the respondents. It emerged from the study that the Nabdam indigenous conflict resolution approach is a well-structured one with four stages which has no formal place the involvement of women. It also emerged that despite modernization and proliferation of religions in the area, the approach has potential into the future due to many factors. Even though women have no official role in the application of the Nabdam indigenous conflict resolution approach, they were found to be effective in managing disputes especially those involving women. It was therefore concluded that it is due time that women should be formally involved in the application of the approach.
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Gray, Thomas, and Banks Miller. "Swineherds and Hogs on Ice: Leadership Impacts for State Chief Judges." American Politics Research 49, no. 3 (January 19, 2021): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x21989019.
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Chief judges stand as visible leaders of their courts. Analyses of the Supreme Court focus on the role of the chief justice as an institution-builder seeking out public-facing consensus to protect Court legitimacy. Studying the powers of chief judges and political leadership in general is difficult. Analyzing all 50 states over 16 years we find no evidence that the identity of chief judges explains consensus behavior any better than random chance. This is true even among the subset of chief judges with additional institutional powers like opinion assignment. We show that court structures explain consensus, while leader features do not. Being chief judge correlates with an elevated likelihood of being in the majority, particularly in cases decided by one vote. These results add to our understanding of leadership on courts and imply that the office of chief judge at the state level is more symbolic than uniquely powerful.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chiefs' courts"
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Kayitare, Frank. "Respect of the right to a fair trial in indigenous African criminal justice systems : the case of Rwanda and South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1087.
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"As already mentioned, gauranteeing the right to a fair trial aims at protecting individuals from unlawful and arbitrary curtailment or deprivation of other basic rights and freedoms. The fundamental importance of the right to a fair trial is illustrated not only by international instruments and the extensive body of interpretation it has generated, but most recently, by a proposal to include it in the non-derogable rights stipulated in article 4(2) of the ICCPR. Standards for a fair trial may stem from binding obligations that are included in human rights treaties to which a state in examination is a party, but they may also be found in documents and practices which, though not binding, can be taken to express the direction in which the law is evolving. One of the problems is that law and human rights have been viewed largely as Western concepts, and are therefore defined and valued by Western criteria. This leads to a number of difficulties. First, there are many non-Western societies in which law and human rights thus defined, is impractical and mechanisms of protecting human rights in non-Western justice systems are not recognised as comparable counterparts to those in Western societies. Secondly, African states have failed to abide by their international fair trial obligations because, probably, these standards are impractical given the realities like poverty, illiteracy and strong cultural beliefs that characterise most African communities. As a result, the law applied by the Western style courts is felt to be so out of touch with the needs of most African communities, and coercion to resort to them amounts to denial of justice. This explains why communities, especially in the rural Africa, resort to indigenous African justice systems irrespective of state recognition or otherwise. Upon realisation that the Western style of justice did not respond to the prevailing post-genocide situation for example, the government of Rwanda re-established traditional courts to help deal with the crime of genocide and foster reconciliation. A Gacaca court is constituted of a panel of lay judges who coordinate a process in which genocide survivors and suspected perpetrators and the latter between themselves confront each other. They, and the community, participate by telling the truth of what happened; who did what during the genocide, and then the judges, based on the evidence given to them, decide on the case. These judges are elected by their respective communities for their integrity, not their learning. However, human rights organisations argue that Gacaca proceedings violate the accused persons's fair trial rights. They question among other things capacity of lay judges who make decisions in these courts, to conduct a fair trial. They also contend that Gacaca does not guarantee the right to be presumed innocent because it requires confessoins and that defendants are denied legal representation. In South Africa, traditional courts (konwn as chiefs' courts) exist. They have played a crucial role in dispensing justice in the indigenous communities and are prototypes of the kind of dispute resolution mechanisms desirable in a modern society. They apply 'people's law', which developed as a result of lack of legitimacy of the Western system of justice among the indigenous South Africans. However, critics see them as conservative and unable to render justice in the modern social, economic and political climate in South Africa today. As a result, Western style court proceedings that are conducted in foreign languages to indigenous communities, and thus have to rely on inaccurate and unreliable interpreters in addition to costs for legal counsels and subjection to very technical and formal procedures, are the only alternative in criminal matters. Briefly, the major problem is to ascertain whether indigenous African criminal justice systems do, or otherwise conform to fair trial standards. If they do not, according to who are they not fair? In other words, is there a universal measure of fairness or does appreciation depend on people's enviornment and their socio-economic backgrounds, in which case, the beneficiaries of indigenous African criminal justice systems should be the ones to appreciate its fairness?" -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004.
Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Nii Ashie Kotey at the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Mapfumo, Tafadzwa. "Whither to, the judiciary in Zimbabwe? A critical analysis of the human rights jurisprudence of the Gubbay and Chidyausiku Supreme Court benches in Zimbabwe and comparative experiences from Uganda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1145.
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"The judiciary in Zimbabwe used to be viewed as a progressive bench recognised for its activism, particularly its purposive approach in interpreting the Bill of Rights to ensure protection of human rights. It was one of the best Commonwealth judiciaries, which was inspired by international standards in interpreting human rights and at the same time contributed to the origination of normative standards through its decisions. Although Zimbabwe is a dualist system, the judiciary accepted and drew inspiration from international human rights treaties. The Supreme Court (SC) under Chief Justice (CJ) Gubbay (the Gubbay bench) made several progressive pronouncements that favoured the promotion and protection of human rights. In tandem with its tradition of judicial independence, the judiciary interpreted draconian legislation in favour of human rights often striking down the offensive clauses in legislation. Indeed the perception towards the judiciary by the common person was that of a protector of human rights. One landmark human rights decision on the Land Reform Programme (LRP) stated that farm invasions were unlawful and an affront to section 16 of the Constitution. The SC ordered the executive to take necessary measures to ensure that invasions were sanctioned. It further requested the executive to furnish a plan of action for the LRP. The execuitve did not welcome this ruling and the SC judges wre hounded out of office in a clear culmination of judiciary-executive tension. A new bench came in under CJ Chidyausiku (the Chidyausiku bench). This bench made several rulings that took away individual property rights without justification. In a clear shift of jurisprudential ideology, the current bench has not engaged in activism resulting in less, if not no, protection of human rights. The disparity in the jurisprudence is evident in other cases. The current bench seems to have abrogated its mandate to protect human rights. This study is thus prompted to investigate why the different benches in Zimbabwe have produced totally variant jurisprudence, particularly in light of the fact that the judiciary is operating under the same laws and is appointed under the same procedures as before. ... Chapter 1 sets out the focus and content of the study. Chapter 2 gives a national framework for human rights protection in Zimbabwe. This looks at the structure of courts in Zimbabwe. Special emphasis is placed on the SC as the court that has the prime mandate of protecting human rights. Constitutional guarantees for the independence of the judiciary and the Bill of Rights, among others, is analysed. Chapter 3 deals with human rights jurisprudence of the SC benches. The chapter focuses on approach of the benches to human rights protection. It examines the approach to procedural and technicalities that often hinder human rights litigation and protection such as standing, delay, interpretation, compliance with court orders and use of international instruments. Chapter 4 focuses on the experiences from Uganda and analyses the approach of the Ugandan courts. Chapter 5 consists of best practices from the two jurisdictions, conclusion and recommendations for the Zimbabwean judiciary." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005.
Prepared under the supervision of Professor Frederick Jjuuko at Human Rights and Peace Centre, Faculty of Law, Makerere University in Uganda
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Mqeke, Bangilizwe Richman. "Traditional and modern law of procedure and evidence in the chief's courts of the Ciskei." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003202.
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In this thesis it is intended to show, among other things, the evolution of the Ciskeian traditional African Court practice and procedure from the time of the advent of white rule up to the present day. In chapter two we show the manner in which the various Cape Governors tried to suppress the traditional court system and law by superimposing western type law and norms (repugnancy clause) on the unwilling African population. The case law discussed in chapter 3 clearly shows the problems that arose and which to a large extent, still arise in the application of the Chiefs' Civil Courts Rules. Non-compliance with these rules reveals the need both for the training of the personnel of these courts and reform of the rules governing the Chief's courts. The areas that need urgent attention have been identified and the necessary recommendations have been made.
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Leigh, Juliet Esme. "Early county chief constables in the North of England, 1880-1905." Thesis, Open University, 2013. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54527/.
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This thesis assesses the authority of nineteenth-century chief constables through a study which was based in four northern counties. It challenges the frequently made generalisation that they were powerful and autonomous men whose relationship with the police authorities was close and amicable. The first section investigates the office holders themselves, their backgrounds, characters, reputations and the circumstances of their administration. It estimates their professional standing while they were supervised by Quarter Sessions. The focus then shifts to an exploration of the potential effects of the implementation of the 1888 Local Government Act on the independence of county chief constables. Subsequent chapters examine chief constables' autonomy after Standing Joint Committees took over police supervision, firstly in their control of industrial disruption and then in their day to day management of the force. The core of the enquiry is contained in accounts of how some chief constables were undermined by members of Standing Joint Committees who made direct attempts to deprive them of their authority. However, in contrast, the thesis also outlines the ways in which they benefited from their communication with Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and the Home Office. The thesis concludes with a review of how sources of evidence have contributed to a more complete picture of the authority of the chief constables in the study.
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Dennison, Amanda. "Struggle to Define the Power of the Court: President Thomas Jefferson v. Chief Justice John Marshall." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?toledo1122299790.
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Root, David. "The Chief Justice: Democratic Leadership of the Judicial Decision-Making Process in the Hidden Branch." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20429.
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My dissertation examines chief justice leadership of the United States Supreme Court during the judicial decision-making process. With the office steeped in secrecy, I borrow seminal concepts from the leadership literature such as autocratic, laissez-faire, and democratic leadership and adapt them to the office in order to systematically identify dominant patterns of leadership. While chief justices use different styles, the office is chiefly democratic in both structure and operation, which makes the chief justice a “first among equals” and requires him to be just as good of a political negotiator as he is a competent legal judge. This is a unique, but under appreciated, feature of the chief justice when compared to the associate justices.10000-01-01
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Trudden, Sallie Raye. "The Power Behind the Constitution: The Supreme Court." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1864.
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The framers of the Constitution designed a document to be the "Supreme Law of the Land" and within its pages a branch of government, a federal judiciary, never before envisioned. The Constitution, along with the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789, set the framework for building the strongest branch of government, the Supreme Court. Historical events and court decisions with few exceptions strengthened the power of the judiciary contributing to its authority. The Supreme Court Justices, by interpreting the Constitution and judging the legality of laws instituted by both state and federal legislatures, solidified its superior position in the government hierarchy. An examination of documents, case decisions, and the results of these decisions for the nation add credence to the assertion that of the three branches of government the strongest and most powerful was and is the Supreme Court.
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Clero, Delphine. "Intérêt d'une supplémentation nutritionnelle adaptée dans l'optimisation de la performance physique de travail du chien d'utilité." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066175/document.
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La nutrition est un élément clé du maintien de la performance opérationnelle chez le chien de service, lequel fait souvent face à des périodes de travail intense suivies de périodes de récupération de courte durée, l’enchaînement des efforts se répétant fréquemment sur plusieurs jours. Afin d’optimiser la performance, d’éviter l’émergence de pathologies liées à l’effort physique et aux contraintes mentales, et d’améliorer la récupération, l’alimentation est maintenant intégrée de manière prépondérante dans la préparation des athlètes de haut niveau que sont ces chiens. Les objectifs de ce travail furent de : (1) concevoir un supplément nutritionnel de mise/maintien en condition et en étudier les impacts biologiques lorsqu’il est distribué avant et pendant l’effort physique, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à son adaptation au métabolisme spécifique de l’effort demandé ; (2) concevoir un supplément nutritionnel de récupération et en étudier les impacts biologiques lorsque distribué après l’effort physique en s’axant sur les capacités de récupération à court terme. Le premier supplément développé dans cette thèse se présente sous forme extrudée spécialement conçu, et contenant des acides gras à chaînes courtes et moyennes, associés à un complexe antioxydant. Distribué une heure avant, et au bout de vingt minutes d’effort dans un protocole de course en continu chez le chien de recherche de personnes, il a généré une amélioration de la réponse de l’organisme à l’exercice via un impact positif sur les paramètres physiologiques cardiovasculaires, l’augmentation des triglycérides circulants en début d’effort, et la moindre expression plasmatique de marqueurs pro-inflammatoires et du stress oxydatif dans le groupe supplémenté. Notre deuxième étude, portant sur une supplémentation post-effort chez le chien militaire, a pour objectif d’observer l’impact d’un mélange de maltodextrines (1,5g/kg de poids corporel) et protéines auparavant sélectionnée (0,3g/kg de poids corporel) distribué immédiatement après effort, durant trois périodes d’exercice intense séparées par une heure de repos au cours d’une même journée. Nos résultats montrent une moindre augmentation plasmatique des marqueurs de l’inflammation et des témoins de lésions musculaires dans le groupe supplémenté. Des études complémentaires sont indispensables à envisager pour adapter la supplémentation à chaque typologie d’effort (endurance, mixte, résistance), en testant différents apports qualitatifs et quantitatifs. Elles permettront également de préciser les moments optimaux de distribution de celle-ci (prise unique ou fractionné, délai par rapport à l’effort), et de l’adapter aux conditions environnementales (en particulier les climats chauds, sources de nombreux problèmes chez les chiens de service projetés en opérations extérieures)Nutrition is a key point in order to maintain performance during operationnal missions in the service dog, who often faces intense periods of work, followed by short resting periods, with a high number of working periods during several consecutive days. To optimise performance, reduce pathologies related to an intense physical exercise and mental stress and improve recovery, nutrition is now considered as one of the most important point in those elite athletes. This work objective were : (1) to develop a nutritionnal supplementation to set and maintain physical conditions when distributed before and during physical exercise, focusing our approach on the necessary adaptation to the specific metabolism involved during the exercise ; (2) to develop a nutritionnal supplementation for the recovery period, distributed just after the exercise and study the consequences of its distribution on biological markers during short term recovery period. The first supplement develop in this work contain short and medium chains fatty acids associated with an antioxidant complex. Given one hour before the work, and after a twenty minutes run during a continuous running test performed on search and rescue dogs, this supplement shows positive impacts on cardiovascular parameters, an increase of triglycerids at the onset of exercise, a reduction of plasmatic expression of proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the supplemented group. Our second study focusses on postexercise nutritionnal supplementation in the military dog, in order to observe impacts on a mix of maltodextrins (1.5g/kg body weight) and proteins (0.3g/kg body weight) provided just after the exercise, during three periodsof intense exercise separated by one hour rest periods during a single day. Our results include a reduction of plasmatic inflammatory markers production and of mucular lesions markers in the supplemented group. Further studies are required in order to adapt nutitionnal supplementation to each type of exercise (endurance, mix, resistance), by testing different qualitative and quantitative inputs. They will also permit to precise optimal timing for its distribution (single or fractionned inputs, timing before or after the exercise), and to adapt it to environmental conditions (especially hot climate, that is a cause of numerous problems for service dogs sent to oversees operations)
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Gundogdu, Ismail. "The Ottoman Ulema Group And State Of Practicing." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610431/index.pdf.
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In this study, it is aimed to analyze the learned (ilmiye) group that was important part of the military class of the Ottoman Empire and the ilmiye group had three important members. They were judges (kadis), professors (müderrises) and muftis (mü
ftü
s) and they were analyzed from the beginning to the end of the career line as a dynamic process. Due to the vast nature of the subject, one needed to delimit the research in terms of time and space. In that regard, it was chosen the 18th century and the districts belonging to the Anatolian kazâ
skerlik (chief justice). Due also to the impossibility to cover the whole Ottoman eras of six hundred years, the eighteenth century was chosen, the period following the classical period and preceding the era of modernization. This was because the 18th century was the era when the classical institutions of the Ottoman Empire could no longer resist the forces of change. The extent of changes, which took place in this century, might constitute a topic for other researches. On the other hand, the need to delimit the area of research to the Anatolian chief justice (kazâ
skerlik) was a result of technical and methodological necessity.
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Beckett, Elizabeth Jean. "THE POLICY AND CONSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS V. SEBELIUS." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/578.
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In June 2012, the Supreme Court of the United States decided the fate of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in a case called National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius. While initially the decision seemed favorable to supporters of the bill, Chief Justice Roberts’ majority opinion could likely render the bill ineffective in implementation and it creates more Constitutionally confusing precedent than it resolves. Among the questions that now rise to the surface are: will Congress be able to raise the tax to a level where it will become effective? What is now mandatory for states to adopt into their Medicaid programs? Where is the line for the federal government with regards to coercion? What are the definitions of direct and indirect taxes? And, how binding is the Origination Clause of the Constitution?
Books on the topic "Chiefs' courts"
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Stevens, John Paul. Five chiefs: A Supreme Court memoir. New York: Back Bay Books, 2012.
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Working behind the scenes: State actors and judicial processes in the houses of chiefs in Ghana. Legon [Ghana]: University of Ghana, 2008.
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Ireland. Working Group on a Courts Commission. The Chief Executive of the Courts Service: Fourth report. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1997.
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How, Yong Pung. Compilation of speeches by Chief Justice Yong Pung How on the Subordinate Courts of Singapore. Singapore: Subordinate Courts, 1999.
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Cuyahoga County Police Chiefs Association. Cuyahoga County Police Chiefs Association, Ohio, 1926-2001. Cleveland: The Association, 2001.
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Baik, Ellen R. Chief justice: Protector of the Court. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt, 2010.
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System, New York (State) Review Committee on the Individual Assignment. Report to the Chief Judge and Chief Administrator of the Review Committee on the Individual Assignment System. [Albany, N.Y.?: The Committee, 1992.
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(Pakistan), Sind. Federal capital and Sindh courts criminal circulars: Government of Sindh for the guidance of the criminal courts ND officers subordinate to the Chief Court of Sindh. Karachi: Sindh Law Journal Publications, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Chiefs' courts"
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Stefanus, Hendrianto. "Miscarriage of chief justices." In Law and Politics of Constitutional Courts, 185–215. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Islamic law in context: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315100043-8.
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Diehl, Katharina, Ruben Madol Arol, and Simone Malz. "South Sudan: Linking the Chiefs’ Judicial Authority and the Statutory Court System." In Non-State Justice Institutions and the Law, 55–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137403285_3.
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Brice, Dickson. "13 Conclusion." In The Irish Supreme Court. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793731.003.0013.
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This chapter attempts to sum up the conclusions that can be drawn about the Irish Supreme Court from the surveys and analyses in foregoing chapters. It highlights the constraints placed on the Court’s decision-making, especially its lack of power to turn away many appeals. Some of the Court’s principal achievements are reviewed but some of the opportunities it has failed to exploit are also referred to. The future of the Court is considered, especially in light of the creation of the Court of Appeal in 2014. Attention is given to the importance of strong leadership at the Chief Justice level and to the need for more public pronouncements from the judges in lectures and conference papers. Final remarks are made on how the Court compares to supreme courts in other common law countries.
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Adkison, Danny M., and Lisa McNair Palmer. "Judicial Department." In The Oklahoma State Constitution, 123–34. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197514818.003.0010.
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This chapter explores Article VII of the Oklahoma constitution, which concerns the judiciary. Section 1 states that “the judicial power of this State shall be vested in the Senate, sitting as a Court of Impeachment, a Supreme Court, the Court of Criminal Appeals, the Court on the Judiciary, the State Industrial Court, the Court of Bank Review, the Court of Tax Review, and such intermediate appellate courts as may be provided by statute, District Courts, and such Boards, Agencies and Commissions created by the Constitution or established by statute as exercise adjudicative authority or render decisions in individual proceedings.” The Oklahoma Supreme Court is the head of the state’s judicial system; all other courts are inferior to it. Section 2 provides for the number, terms, vacancies, and qualifications of supreme court justices. The justices shall choose from among their members a chief justice and a vice chief justice. Section 4 provides for the jurisdiction of the state supreme court. The chapter then looks at the provisions for district courts.
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Greenhouse, Linda. "4. The chief justice." In The U.S. Supreme Court, 38–47. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199754540.003.0004.
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"8. A New Chief." In Lincoln and the Court, 212–37. Harvard University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/9780674040823-009.
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Kaye, Alexander. "Modernizing the Chief Rabbinate." In The Invention of Jewish Theocracy, 99–121. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922740.003.0005.
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This chapter deals with the effects of legal centralization on the institutions and procedures of the Chief Rabbinate of Palestine and, after 1948, Israel. An institution established by the British Mandate, the Chief Rabbinate became far more powerful in the late 1940s and early 1950s, under the tenure of Isaac Herzog and Benzion Ousiel. During that time, a series of reforms were enacted that imported the structure and procedures of modern European law into the Israeli rabbinate. As part of these reforms, regional rabbinical courts were, under protest, made subordinate to a rabbinical court of appeals in Jerusalem and made subject to new procedural rules. Rabbinical enactments were crafted to create a uniformity of practice among Israel’s diverse Jewish communities. At the same time, rabbinical court rulings were published for the first time in the format of secular law reports and rabbinical committees composed halakhic law books, in the model of modern legal codes, which they intended to be the law for all citizens of Israel.
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Gillespie, Alisdair, and Siobhan Weare. "8. Staffing and Appointments to the Courts and Tribunals." In The English Legal System. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198785439.003.0008.
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This chapter provides an introduction to the courts and tribunals judiciary. It discusses the judicial office, judicial appointments, judicial diversity, and judicial training. There are different levels of judges within the courts and tribunals, with the senior judiciary comprising the Lord Chief Justice and Heads of Division. The Lord Chief Justice is the Head of the Judiciary. The Head of the Tribunals is the Senior President of the Tribunals. There are also part-time members of the judiciary known either as district judges, recorders, or Deputy High Court Judges depending on which court they sit in. This chapter assesses the similarities and differences between the court judiciary and tribunal judiciary.
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Rogers, Donald W. "The U.S. Supreme Court Decisions." In Workers against the City, 144–78. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043468.003.0006.
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This chapter traces Hague’s appeal through the Third Circuit Court of Appeals into the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, showing how the Hughes court’s inner dynamics explain affirmation of the district court injunction. Observing flux in court personnel and law, the chapter shows that both courts embraced the contemporaneous civil liberties revolution by defending worker speech and assembly rights, but it reveals the Supreme Court as divided over constitutional logic. Justice Owen Roberts’s plurality opinion upheld speech and assembly rights under the Fourteenth Amendment privileges and immunities clause, Justice Harlan Fiske Stone’s concurrence incorporated the First Amendment into the Fourteenth Amendment due-process clause, and dissenters rejected federal jurisdiction. The ruling reflected the contentious evolution of civil liberties jurisprudence, not antiboss or labor law politics.
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Gillespie, Alisdair A., and Siobhan Weare. "8. The Judiciary and their Appointment." In The English Legal System, 243–97. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198830900.003.0008.
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This chapter provides an introduction to the courts and tribunals judiciary. It discusses the judicial office, judicial appointments, judicial diversity, and judicial training. There are different levels of judges within the courts and tribunals, with the senior judiciary comprising the Lord Chief Justice and Heads of Division. The Lord Chief Justice is the Head of the Judiciary. The Head of the Tribunals is the Senior President of the Tribunals. There are also part-time members of the judiciary known either as district judges, recorders, or Deputy High Court Judges depending on which court they sit in. This chapter assesses the similarities and differences between the court judiciary and tribunal judiciary. The quasi-judicial role of magistrates is also considered in this chapter. Discussing them in this chapter allows for their role to be considered and contrasted with that of district judges (magistrates’ courts) who also sit within the magistrates’ court.
Conference papers on the topic "Chiefs' courts"
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Ahmadi, Goodarz, and Cetin Cetinkaya. "Sequence of Courses on Particle Transport, Deposition and Removal and Engineering of Nano/Micro-Scale Systems." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30600.
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Small (nano-/micro-scale) particle transport, deposition and removal are of critical importance in many industries including semiconductor manufacturing, imaging, pharmaceutical and food processing. In addition, numerous environmental processes involve particle transport, deposition and removal. In the last decade, significant research progress in the areas of nano- and micro-particle transport, deposition and removal has been made. In this project, a series of courses was developed to make these class of new important research findings available to seniors and graduate students in engineering through developing and offering of specialized curricula at Clarkson University. The project involved integration of particle transport, deposition and removal numerical simulations and experiments in the developed courses. The course materials are mostly made available on the web and some courses have been taught at Clarkson University and Syracuse University campuses simultaneously. Based on the course materials, a series of short courses was also offered at several countries. The first two courses on particle transport, deposition and removal are composed of four modules: (i) fundamental of particle transport, dispersion, deposition and removal, (ii) computational modeling of particle transport, deposition and removal, (iii) experimental study of particle transport, deposition and removal, and (iv) industrial applications of particle transport, deposition and removal. Based on this course development experience, more recently, a new undergraduate course (Nano/Micro-scale Systems Engineering) was developed. The course development and implementation was supported a grant from NSF under the Nanotechnology Undergraduate Education program following an initial grant from Clarkson University. The chief instructional objective of the new course is to familiarize the students to the design, analysis, simulation and implementation/fabrication of nano/micro-scale engineering systems. This nanotechnology course consists of three main components to address a set of its well-defined educational objectives: (i) lectures developed and delivered by a multidisciplinary team at Clarkson University, (ii) instructions on computational design/analysis and simulation tools, and (iii) a hands-on workshop for gaining experience with cleanroom procedures and fabrication facilities. The second component has been developed with help of a software company. The third component is being realized through collaboration with the NNIN supported CNF facility at Cornell University as a hands-on workshop for the Clarkson students. An outline of this ongoing course development activity has been given and main features of the course has been discussed.
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Conway, Pat, Nathan Kalyanasundharam, Gregg Donley, Kevin Lepak, and Bill Hughes. "Blade computing with the AMD Opteron™ processor ("magny-cours")." In 2009 IEEE Hot Chips 21 Symposium (HCS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hotchips.2009.7478349.
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Araújo, Patrícia. "Training 'CHO’s' Chief Happiness Officers: A Higher Education Course Design Challenge." In 11th International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epiceepsy.20111.31.
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Pangracious, V., H. Mehrez, and Z. Marakchi. "Architecture level TSV count minimization methodology for 3D tree-based FPGA." In IEEE Symposium on Low-Power and High-Speed Chips. 2013 COOL Chips XVI. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coolchips.2013.6547925.
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Scott, Michael J., and Irena Zivkovic. "On Rank Reversals in the Borda Count." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dtm-48674.
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The Borda count is a pairwise comparison method which can be shown to have various desirable properties. Questions have been raised about the efficacy of the Borda count and its engineering equivalents for concept selection in engineering design. Of chief concern is the possibility of rank reversals among design alternatives when other alternatives are added or dropped from consideration. Results from simulations are presented that show the likelihood that Borda count comparisons will result in rank reversals upon modifications of the set of alternatives. The available evidence indicates that rank reversals in the Borda count are generally restricted to alternatives that are difficult to distinguish.
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Beiter, Kurt, Kosuke Ishii, and Harshavardhan Karandikar. "Making Design Reviews Count." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35848.
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Design reviews are one of the most established product-development project management techniques to identify and eliminate errors in product design before they physically manifest themselves either in a prototype or in the final product. Design reviews are typically embedded within an overall product-development project management process consisting of multiple stages separated by decision gates. The specific goal, structure and content of a design review depend upon the stage and time at which it is performed. In the process of working with a number of large companies on their technology and product development processes we observed that the actual practice of design reviews often falls well short of the companies’ own stated objectives. We examine the reasons for this in our paper, the chief among them being the often misleading application and lack of clarity and brevity in the review process. These problems can be clearly highlighted and rectified by the application of the CVCA and FMEA tools to the design review process itself. Thus, design reviews can be made more efficient and effective and made to count!
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Lau, John, Heng-Chieh Chien, and Ray Tain. "TSV Interposers With Embedded Microchannels for 3D IC and LED Integration." In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52204.
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A low-cost (with bare chips), high cooling ability and very low pressure drop 3D IC integration system-in-package (SiP) is designed and described. This system consists of a silicon interposer with through-silicon vias (TSV) and embedded fluidic microchannels, which carries all the Moore’s law chips and optical devices on its top and bottom surfaces. TSVs in the Moore’s law chips are optional but should be avoided. This novel structural design offers potential solutions for high-power, high-performance, high pin-count, ultra fine-pitch, small real-estate, and low-cost 3D IC SiP applications.
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Lau, John H., Y. S. Chan, and S. W. Ricky Lee. "Thermal-Enhanced and Cost-Effective 3D IC Integration With TSV (Through-Silicon Via) Interposers for High-Performance Applications." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40975.
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A low-cost (with bare chips) and high (electrical, thermal, and mechanical) performance 3D IC integration system-in-package (SiP) is designed and described. This system consists of a silicon interposer with through-silicon vias (TSV) [1–24] and redistribution layers (RDL), which carries the high-power flip chips with microbumps on its top surface and the low-power chips at its bottom surface. TSVs in the high- and low-power chips are optional but should be avoided. The backside of the high-power chips is attached to a heat spreader with or w/o a heat sink. This 3D IC integration system is supported (packaged) by a simple conventional organic substrate. The heat spreader (with or w/o heat sink) and the substrate are connected by a ring stiffener, which provides adequate standoff for the 3D IC integration system. This novel structural design offers potential solutions for high-power, high-performance, high pin-count, ultra fine-pitch, small real-estate, and low-cost applications. Thermal management and reliability of the proposed systems are demonstrated by simulations based on heat-transfer theory and time and temperature dependent creep theory.
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Kobylanska-Szkaradek, K., and L. Swadzba. "Ceramic Coatings Obtained on Superalloys Modified by Laser Treatment." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p1327.
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Abstract The paper presents the influence of laser-beam remelting of Al203-Ni ceramic layers spread on creep-resisting alloy by means of plasma spray upon the quality of ceramic coatings, which form thermal barrier and high temperature corrosion shield of these alloys. The examination showed that 0.103.109 W/m2 power density laser-beam scanning ensures good quality of coatings at beam moving rate 1 to 2 m/min. At smaller scanning rate, laser remelted ceramic layer spalls and chips. Better quality of the ceramic coatings can be obtained by diffusive chromoaluminizing applied prior to laser remelting. Laser-beam remelting conditions of such layers, elaborated in the course of examination, ensure pores fading, decrease of remelted layer thickness and increase of base adhesion without cracks, chips and spalls. Additionally remelted zone features either strong break up of structure or the structure is amorphic with unchanged chemical composition as to the matrix chemical composition. Obtained results are the base for the elaboration of thermal barrier technology and the technology of anticorrosion shield for creep - resisting alloys applied in high temperature power engineering.
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Huang, Tsung-Wei, Shih-Yuan Yeh, and Tsung-Yi Ho. "A network-flow based pin-count aware routing algorithm for broadcast electrode-addressing EWOD chips." In 2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2010.5653715.
Full textReports on the topic "Chiefs' courts"
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Geologic map of the Chief Mountain quadrangle, Lincoln County, Nevada. US Geological Survey, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/gq1731.
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