Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chiisme – Iran'
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Chelly, Amélie-Myriam. "La sécularisation du chiisme et la République islamique d’Iran." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0003.
Full textSecularization is a process leading to a new state of facts, which is caracterized by an autonomization of the public sphere versus the religious one. This process also leads to a decline of religion. It is therefore the way Western social sciences define the concept of secularization: as a phenomenon, which is coextensive with Western modernity. Secularization, thus considered, is the full expression of disenchantment. However, the Iranian theocratic experiment initiated in 1979 makes the consideration of another definition of secularization necessary, or rather the extension of this concept: secularization can also be literally understood as a total application of otherworldliness into a secular and institutional sphere. This secularization of Shia Islam draws the outlines of a politicization of traditional religion into holistic ideological frameworks. This process is an "immanentization" of transcendent notions, such as the martyr figure or the notion of umma and creates confusion between the private and the public sphere, which is specific to modern socio-political ideologies. The secularization born out of theocratic ambition is now called into question in an unprecedented effort of reconsideration: henceforth, the failure of the theocratic model generates another type of secularization, which draws a distinction between the political and religious spheres. Post-khomeinist aspirations want to redefine some socio-political frameworks structured around the concepts of rights, dignity, pluralism and civil society. The experience of politicization of traditional Shia Islam is at the origins of a new blossoming of intellectuals, who articulate their approaches and commitments through the place to be given to Islam in the society, in order to save both religious and political spheres
Bahar, Mehri. "Le changement des objets dans la cérémonie commémorative du deuil de l'imam Hossein, étude comparée à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du bazar de Téhéran avant et après la révolution islamique (1979)." Paris, INALCO, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INAL0001.
Full textIn this thesis with regard to knowledge of anthropology and cultural studies we face with following main question : Any changes have been taken in tools used during mourning ceremony of Imam Hossein at Tehran Bazaar with compare to outside of it and by considering women before and after revolution ? If yes in what field did this changes taken places ? Bazaar Tehran has been chosen at the most focus centre for economical and cultural activities before and after 1978 Revolution. For identifying changes in the said tools. Based on applied approach and terminology, we used methods of documentation research, participatory observation and interview. In this study we reached new findings : 1- In general the mourning ceremony in new era have undergone considerable change. 2. These changes have been taken place in the form and contents of mourning ceremony. Apparently the volume of mourning ceremony in standing position (heating on chest) and in mosques has been decreased and moving ceremony in the form of heating at the back by chain increased. 3. Women participation in mourning ceremony changed from quantity point of view. If in the past women were in side line of mourning ceremony, in new era women while preserving their mourning organization, move along with mourners in streets and in many cases they participate in management of mourning ceremony. 4. Because of the conditions of Iran many of respected symbols such as the picture of martyrs and religious leaders symbols of revolution, war songs and political slogans in the form of placard, new musical instrument, new colours, literary, religious and political texts have entered the ceremony
Thurfjell, David. "Living Shi'ism : instances of ritualisation among islamist men in contemporary Iran /." Leiden : Brill, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41035511g.
Full textShabahang, Mehrdad. "Entre l'Iran préislamique et l'islam shiite : étude de quelques thèmes religieux." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE5029.
Full textBased on sevral researches, continues process of birth and development of different religions in Iran has formed various relations and exchanges between them. Influences of religions of ancient Iran on Shiite Islam are an outstanding example of such influence. The present study is dedicated to examine spiritual and ritual heritage of pre-Islamic Iranian religions in Shite Islam. In this respect, we are going to examine six elements that belong to ancient Iranian religions and have been conserved in Twelvers Shiite: i) the nature and different functions of Zoroastrian Light of Glory (Xvarnah /Farr), and the Shiite Sacred Light (nûr al-nubuwwa / walâya) that accompany terrestrial representatives of divinities in their divine missions; ii) the dualism and the cosmic war between two antagonist entities of the Good and the Evil in Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism and Shiism; iii) the model feminine figure of pre-Islamic Iran that is personified in the personality of the Goddess Iranian, Anāhītā compared with Shiite feminine figures, Fatima, daughter of prophet Mohamed and Shahrbānu, wife of Imam Husain; iv) the notion of heroism and the cult of heroes through two heroic figures, Rostam, the National Iranian hero and ‘Ali b. Abi Tālib, the first Imam Shiite; v) the theme of martyr examined through comparison between the fate of two legendary figures of pre-Islamic figures Zarīr and Siāvash with third historical Shiite Imam, Husayn b. ‘Ali; vi) Finally the theme of eschatological saviour in ancient Iran and Shiite Islam through the comparison of three personages of Zoroastrian saint history, Hūshīdar, Hūshidarmāh and Sōshiānt with the figure of Mahdi, Shiite eschatological saviour and twelfth and last Imam. This comparative study may show that not only the origins of these themes in Shiism but also many of their details come from Iranian pre-Islamic religions especially Zoroastrianism et Manichaeism
Mohammad-Zadeh, Mehdi. "L'iconographie chiite des Qâdjârs : émergence, sources et développement." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE5021.
Full textThis PhD thesis is studying the genesis and the special characteristics of the Shiite iconography, to present an outline of its progress and report on its operation within the Iranian society at the time of qâdjârs (1796-1925). The Shiite iconography in Iran of qâdjârs, analysed in detail in five parts of this work, was presented in its dealings with the literary genres of representation of saints and stages of its evolution chronological on the one hand, and detailed presentation of its main themes and his sources of inspiration on the other hand. In this study, the representation of saints is seen in its iranian, shiite, historical and sociological context. Therefore, it took account of three methods of approaching the shiite icon ; a theology and history, a technique and its evolution and, finally, an aesthetic and its structures. The work consequently aims to introduce and analyse how the religious imagery was born n Iran of Qâdjârs and was defined during this time
Arminjon, Hachem Constance. "L'exercice de l'autorité dans le chisme duodécimain contemporain : doctrines et institutions." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0033.
Full textIf pluralism was always inherent in shi'ite religious authority, it has taken a new form since the establishment of a clerical government in Iran in 1979. The institution of the "Guardianship of the Jurist (velâyat-e faqih) after the Islamic Revolution has brought about an unprecedented blossoming of political thought as weil as the diversification of religious functions within Shi'ism. Despite the power of the Iranian valî-e faqîh, the persistent plurality and multipolarity of the marâji' have revealed an irreducible dualism of authority functions, and indeed the bipolarization of religious authority. In fact, both religious institutions (the velâyat-e faqîh and the marja 'iy'ya) assume distinctive ways of adaptation to modernity. The religious aspect of the state institution of velâyat-e faqih mainly consists in the religious purpose of the governance and in the status of the leader, a religious jurist. Thus it can adapt to political modernity. On the other hand due to its inherent pluralism and to its informal mode of guidance, the marja'iy'ya seems able to meet the needs religious modernity. Thus the shi'ite religious institutions testify the high dynamism and pluralism in the tradition. Besides, a current trend among the clerics in Iran tends to renew the whole field of authority through new conceptions of religion itself
Sayed, Tabatabaei Chamseddine Mohammad. "Le témoignage en droit musulman chiite et en droit iranien." Perpignan, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PERP0353.
Full textKhouni, Rim. "La République islamique d'Iran et le monde arabe : enjeux culturels, religieux et politiques." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030116.
Full textThe Islamic Revolution of 1979 impacted the relationship between Iran and the rest of the world, especially its neighbouring the Turkish and the Arab worlds. While the new ideology of Iran aimed at a better incorporation into the Muslim world, we on the contrary witnessed a worsening of rivalries especially around the Iraq - Iran conflicts (1980-1988). To explain these conflicts, people often invoked a historical and cultural antagonism between Arabs and Iranians / Persians. However, other factors linked to ideologies and to new national and international interests hold a crucial role. What has changed between Iran and the Arab world since the explosion of the Islamic Republic ? Relations between Islamic Iran and the Arab world have started in the context of the Cold War, have witnessed Soviet Union’s fall, and of course, the oil and gas’ stake. Their complexity has increased as Iran became a new actor of the Muslim world. A new competition was therefore born within the Islamic world which has been « managed » by the Sunni Arab world (Arabia, Hajj, the palestinian issue). Cultural questions remain a controversial issue: Iranians and Arabs have two different otherwise opposing cultures that are not well acknowledged. Myths are persistent. National competitions and geopolitical data represent important factors: Iran is the most ancient nation of the region, is an important oil producer, and borders the Persian Gulf. These are assets do not apply to the Turkish world. Furthermore, Iran’s 70 million inhabitants often frightened the neighbouring Arabs, but the question is perceived differently depending whether you are in Maghreb or in Arabia. Has Islamic Iran an «arab» or chi’i policy ? By entering controversially in the Muslim and Arab world, has Iran started a process of normalization with its neighbouring Arabs or, on the contrary, reinforced its exception ?
Mrani, Moulay Rachid. "La géopolitique du conflit confessionnel au Moyen-Orient : le wahhabisme et le chiisme duodécimain." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10004/document.
Full textThe divide between Shias and Sunnis is the most important in Islam. The two branches parted ways early in Muslim history and each views itself as the original orthodoxy. For Sunnis, all subsequent Muslim leaders are seen as temporal figures. However Imami Shias claimed the right of Ali and his descendants to lead the Islamic community. At present, this conflict represents a major geopolitical issue in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia and the Iran are the two leaders of this rivalry. They are the first two responsible for the cold war between the two communities. So Islam’s future will largely depend on the outcome of this crisis
Hermann, Denis. "Aspects de l'histoire sociale et doctrinale de l'école Shaykhī au cours de la période Qājār (1843-1911)." Paris, EPHE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPHE5022.
Full textFarhang, Ansari Hassan. "L'imamat et l'Occultation selon l'imamisme : étude bibliographique et histoire des textes." Paris, EPHE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPHE5008.
Full textThe years 260 - 329/874-941 known among the Shi’ites as the period of minor occultation comprised undoubtedly the most difficult and critical period in the history of imamite shi’ism. It began with the death of the eleventh Imam Hassan al-‘Asskari of no apparent successor thus creating a total doctrinal chaos in the imamite shi’ite community. The need for reconstruction of some of the fundamental principles of the doctrine such as the question of why humanity should always need an imam, was real and pressing. The present work attempts to shed light on some aspects of the imamite doctrine during the period of minor occultation and on the contribution of the Hadith imamite to the formation of the developed imamite doctrine. The second part of this work contains the texts of Hadith
Mormone, Maria Rosaria. "Viaggiatori Italiani in Persia. Oltre il pregiudizio : la scoperta dell’iranicità attraverso il viaggio tra il sacro e il profano nell’Iran contemporaneo." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2024/document.
Full textTo understand the Iran of today we must look at ancient Persia, land of nomads, merchants and travelers but also battlefield on which have been erected the foundations of a refined society so loved by scientists, artists, poets and especially by travelers. Over the centuries, many Italians have crossed or stayed there, and it is impossible to talk about Iran without taking into consideration its past of the Great Empire, its religious transformation from polytheism to Islam via the Mazdaism, and its socio-cultural upheaval occurred during the transition from the Pahlavi monarchy to the Islamic Republic of Iran established in 1979 following the revolution. Through the analysis and comparison of various travel reports, this socio-cultural study will try to highlight how the vision of Iran, that some Italian travelers had, has changed and in which way the trip to Iran, between the sacred and the profane, has influenced the personality of this travelers. According to the texts of the journalists, the tourists, the literary people and the adventurers examined, it is possible to affirm that all these people have all reached Iran with a lot of fears and a baggage of prejudices quite important. However, the trip surprised them so much that they quickly recognized their misjudgment. The magnificence of the place and the kindness of the people, led them to love every stone, every legend, and every person they met, they made them feel at home despite the many kilometers that separate the Islamic Republic of Iran from their own homeland. When traveling to Iran, the traveler becomes aware of being in a theocratic state which imposes strict rules, but whose people maintains the purity of soul, sometimes lost in the West. This is a state in which Revolutionary Guards routinely bully women by controlling their clothes, forcing them to live by Shari'a law, but it is in that same country that men are always kind and respectful. It is a place where the song of Muezzin invites to prayer at dawn, at noon and at sunset and where silent shadows, rolled up in their chadors, make you think about a country where resigned and sad women live together with others brave, with their heads covered in all sorts of fabrics and ready to challenge their families and society by discovering more and more their heads wrapped in colorful rusari. Iran is a place where Shiite worshipers pray to the same God as their Sunni enemy brethren, always ready to reiterate the events of Kerbala. And is a place where during the Zoroastrian Noruz, the dark soul of Ashura gives way to the hope of a better new year
Dahlén, Ashk. "Deciphering the meaning of revealed law : the Surūshian paradigm in Shi'i epistemology /." Uppsala : Uppsala university library, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391406577.
Full textNeyestani, Mohammadreza. "Fondations waqf dans le chiisme duodécimain en Iran du 16ème au 18ème siècle selon les ḥadîths, le fiqh et la société safavide." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3045.
Full textWaqf is one of the major sociocultural phenomena in Islam since the early generations up until today.This dissertation focuses on waqf according to the Twelver Imamite Shiite doctrine in Iran from the 16th to the 18th century. To study this in different ways, we have used three complemetary aspects. The first part closely examines waqf in Twelver Shiite ḥadîths, presenting, translating and analyzing them while the second section concentrates on the positions of the most influential Shiite ulama of the period with respect to waqf theory and praxis. Research on waqf practices in Safavid society make up the third section of this thesis. This tripartite approach has produced a study which analyzes the theoretical foundations of waqf in Twelver Shiism as well as the practices of waqf in Shiite Islam. This research is a step on the way to understanding the specificity of Shiite waqf within a geographical and historical context which has established the basis for contemporary Shiite jurisprudence on waqf up until today
Rastbeen, Ali. "Le nucléaire iranien : une approche française." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020098/document.
Full textIt’s thanks to France, that Iran could start building powerful nuclear power stations. But since the outset of Nicolas Sarkozy’s Presidency, the latter’s follow-America policy has cut a nuclear assistance to Iran that had continued even throughout the Iran-Iraq war. Today, the great powers, the Sunni Arab world and Israel are strongly exploiting the Iranian nuclear subject, and claim they are too afraid of Iran not to strike it: whereas so many other countries have or shall soon have nuclear warheads, only Iran is henceforth qualified as Rogue-State requiring specific brutal reactions and not even an exemplary policy. And what then would be France’s position? The French Press ceaselessly let their ink flow on the matter and recommend muscled French interventionism. But then, that would mean that an eventual Iranian atomic bomb would not only constitute a macro-regional casus belli but well and truly an objective reason for initiating a new world war, thus masking more real and complicated problems than an Iran that wishes to evolve rightfully. However, for some time now, the question is no longer to target Iran with criticism, but when and how to strike the Rogue-State, whereas ultimately negotiation is the only way not to lock oneself into this option in which the choice would only be between an Iran with the bomb or a bombarded Iran plunging the region into chaos and provoking inconceivable reprisals
Khosrokhavar, Farhad. "Rupture de l'unanimisme dans la Révolution iranienne." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0047.
Full textDiab, El-Haraké Hassan. "La pensée politique chiite imâmite à l'époque de l'Occulation : recherche sur la théorie khomaynienne du pouvoir absolu du faqîh "wilâyat al-faqîh al-mûtlaqa"." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30097.
Full textShiite political thought which is still in the stages of growth, remains the theory of Wilayat Al-faqih al-Mutlaqa (absolute clerical rule) of Imam Khomeini is the core of this thought. Imam Khomeini’s theory of political Shiism is put under the spotlight. In our work we propose a reading which traces the beginnings of Shiite political activism at the time of the Occultation while identifying religious concepts that have direct impact on the evolution of the Shiite political thought. Then it sets the foundation of the theory of Wilayat Al-faqih al-Mutlaqa. Finally, it describes how the position of Wali al-Faqih is viewed by the Islamic republic of Iran and abroad
Djamali, Nahid. "Gobineau iranien : le tropisme oriental dans la vie et dans l'oeuvre de Gobineau." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC035.
Full textAttentively deliberating 'Mémoire sur diverses manifestations de la vie individuelle', the unfairly least known work of Gobineau, we discover the influence and inspiration he receives from Shi ite mysticism, and more precisely from the oriental philosophy of Mollâ Sadrâ, which is the key code to comprehend this work. It not only returns 'Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races' to its proper place among the author's works, but also does him the justice he deserves. It also reveals his profound integrity, the indivisible feature of Gobineau's life and its eminently fictional dimension
Bou, Ezzeddine Amine. "Les enjeux stratégiques et les défis géoéconomiques dans les relations irano-européennes 1992-2008 : de l'interdépendance et du choix rationnel dans les rapports asymétriques." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G035.
Full textRecently, we hear about the emerging of "Shiite crescent. " This vision highlights the Iranian expansionist desire and the disposition of the Shiite’s communities in the region to pledge allegiance to Tehran. Iran benefits from the falling of its enemies like Afghanistan and Iraq, and has been seeking to promote a regional influence policy in line with its national interests. The European Union (EU) trading partner of Iran decided in December 1992 to initiate a "critical dialogue" in order to, gradually normalize relations between the two parties. However, bilateral meetings are still suffering from the absence of a formal framework. This situation must change in regards to Iran's regional place and the commercial potential that represents. Certainly, the potentiality for Iran to impose itself as a regional power and as a true partner of the EU depends on the progress of negotiations on the nuclear crisis, on human rights and on the peace process in the Middle East
Boudidah, Mohsen. "Al Husseiniya et les pratiques husseinites : étude d'un espace communautaire chiite : les pratiques et les acteurs : cas de Bahreïn." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083602.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of a Shiite Communitarian space: Al Husseiniya. Its interest goes also to the religious, social and political interactions that this space hosts and the actors involved in them. Al Husseiniya is a space specific to the Shi'a practises. The Husseinit majlis, where the Shiites’ Imams are mourned, their biographies are read and commented, is one of those practices. The majlis is generally held for celebrating occasions related to the anniversaries of births and deaths of these Imams. The most important of these occasions is the commemoration of the martyrdom of Imam Al Hussein in Karbala. The Husseinit procession or parade, known as “Mawkib Al 'Aza'” or “Al Mawkib Al Husseini” is the second among the most important Shi'a rituals associated with the Husseiniya. This ceremony is generally held for other sad celebrations. Initially related to the events or Karbala, the most important Markova al ‘Aza is the one organized during the first ten days of Muharram till Ashura (the 10th day of this Month). Our research’s interest goes also to the main actors and stakeholders in Al Husseiniya and the rituals and celebrations it holds and how these actors participate in the creation, financing, animation (or orchestration) of the shi'a rituals. The government, dignitaries and wealthy individuals, associations, and political parties, the management of Awqaf, religious scholars (Ulema) and intellectuals are among those actors. It is also question to identify the position and the status of women in Al Husseiniya and in these practices and celebrations as well. The on site observations, interviews and data analysis helped to highlight the important developments occurred on Al Husseiniya, its architectural forms, position in the city and on the shi'a rituals whether held in or out of this space. Evolutions that were due to the Islamic revolution in Iran combined to the political openness that Bahrain lived since the reign of his last sovereign
Rigoulet-Roze, David. "Géopolitique des forces et faiblesses de l'Iran persano-chiite : entre tensions ethno-confessionnelles internes et solidarités pan-chiites et/ou iranophones externes." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10015.
Full textPélissier, Julien. "Méthodologie heuristique de la théorisation d’une doctrine économique à partir du Droit musulman chiite chez Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20094.
Full textIn Our Economy, Sadr proposes a discovery method aiming at guiding the reflection on the concept of economic doctrine, in accordance with Islam. However, any attempt to give to Islamic teachings a doctrinal range, able to rise on the level of the complexity of contemporary social reality, runs up against the intellectual specificities dictated by the textual arguments of authority. Anxious to remain in conformity with the Islamic dogma and faithful to the legal heritage bequeathed by Moslem lawyers, Sadr proposes doctrinal heuristics, being inspired largely by the method of the jurisprudential principles (usul al-Fiqh), while sparing an increased intellectual room for maneuver, through the full and whole use, in its doctrinal development, of the conjectured argument. Released of the severe constraints posed by the legal reasoning, this doctrinal heuristics causes interrogations, as for its epistemological and legal validity. This study proposes to understand in-depth the intellectual springs of this original intellectual effort, on behalf of one of the most influential twelve Shiite clerks of the 20th century
Fakher, Muslim. "Usûl al-fiqh dans l'école de Najaf : essai sur les fondements des lois islamiques." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010622.
Full textLuizard, Pierre-Jean. "Le rôle politique des ulemas chiites en Irak à la fin de la domination ottomane et au moment de la construction de l'État arabe local sous mandat." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040028.
Full textThe development of the "ithna 'ashara" theoretical basis of shi'ism made increasing political role of shi'i ulama possible from nineteenth century. This role strengthened in particular through the fight against despotism of Persian and ottoman rulers, for the establishment of an Islamic constitutional regime, as through the resistance against political, economic and cultural hegemony of Europe. It is in the name of the protection of the independence of the Islamic territories that the Shi’a religious leaders called the Muslims for jihad against the British invasion of Iraq in 1914. From the holy cities, these leaders took charge of the movement against British occupation and mandate. They will be the most uncompromising force hostile to the British throughout the period of the establishment of the British dominion which lead to the advent of the Hashemite regime in 1920. Only superior military force of Great Britain could result in the defeat of the Shi’a religious leaders whose opposition was reduced to silence, from 1924
Gholamizadeh, Behbahani Shirin. "The sociological reasons of the emergence of "New Spiritual Trainings" in Iran : from a "captured religion" to a "harbored religion"." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG015.
Full textThis research discusses three principle questions; firstly proving the rise of the new religious phenomena through the inquiry in Iran; secondly this research examines carefully the new religious phenomena appearing in Iranian society in order to discover their characteristics and find a suitable term to typify them. After selecting the label of “New Spiritual Trainings” (NSTs) for identifying such new phenomena, this study analyzes the sociological reasons behind this emergence in Iranian society. The main thesis of this dissertation is sociological analyses of religious conflicts within current Iranian society and also demonstrating the process by which religion is captured and crystallized into an official State religion by political institutions on one hand and de-crystallized by individuals on the other hand through which the concept of “harbored religion” will be theorized
Moosavinia, Haamed. "The relations between human rights ans islamic rights in domains of private law (with a critical view of Iran law ans Shia religious Rights)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3020.
Full textIn the last two centuries, the science of law as well as other scientific disciplines has made significant developments. One of them is the recognition of human rights. Undoubtedly, today human rights issue is considered as one of the main concerns of the international legal community. As far as it seems in many communities, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and human rights teaching, replaced some scriptures and religious teachings which had high status and respectful position in the past. Considering this reality, it is obvious that dispute and conflict occurs between the activists of the two domains!. By studying the possible conflicts between human rights principles and Shiite religious teachings (One of the Islamic schools) in the area of private law, and the study of the internal laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran- As a theocracy which approved and set its rules in accordance and comply with the Shia principles - In this field, it seems that the existing conflicts in many cases, is not the inevitable result of belief in Islam and adherence and obligation to the Shia principles, but as a result of a specific look and a radical interpretation of religious teachings
Vassaf, Hamid-Reza. "Les sources préislamiques dans l’iconographie des amulettes et talismans iraniens chiites." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20104.
Full textIf we consider the important role of magic in Islam as well as in Muslim countries and possibly considering its important role in the making of the symbolic universe of Islamic art, the artistic study of magical items can be a new way for historians of Islamic art.The studies and comments developed in the framework of this thesis are two-fold: first, to discover the thematic and visual sources of the symbolic universe of Iranian Shiite amulets and talismans. Or in other words, to find a clear and precise answer to the question whether the composing elements of the iconography of Iranian Shiite amulets and talismans are strictly based on Islamic sources and primitive traditions of Arabic Muslim. Otherwise, can we consider other sources for these elements like the myths and the artistic traditions of oldest Mesopotamia and Persia?On the second hand, our goal is to attract the attention of historians of Islamic art on the themes of symbols - and their regional past - shown on Iranian Shiite magic items specifically and more generally on Islamic art.This work is based on a stylistic and artistic study as well as a thematic and comparative study between the textual and visual elements on the 166 Iranian Shiites amulets and talismans - collected from three collections: « Les cachets, bulles et talismans islamiques » from « Département des Monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris », from « Collection des objets » from « Musée du Quai Branly » in Paris et from « Collection des objets talismaniques iraniens (ou des objets magiques iraniens) » from « Musée civilisations Europe Méditerranée de Marseille (MuCEM) » – with those in the pre-Islamic art of Mesopotamia and Persia.This work shows that both textual and pictorial components of these objects have a thematic relationship based on a cosmic and mythical pre-Islamic perspective. In addition, our analysis shows that the birth of the decorative and figurative writing could be the result of an ideological and cultural conflict between the Arabic Muslim conquerors and the intellectuals of conquered countries. Our study also shows that the symbolic universe of Iranian Shiites amulets and talismans was formed under the influence of many disagreements between primitive Islam imported by Arabic Muslims and new Muslims of conquered countries. Our analysis is only based on the three collections of French museums and it is essential to enrich it with other items from other museums around the world
Allahoof, Turath. "L'architecture Islamique et l'urbanisme de l'ancienne ville de Najaf." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/47ac17a5-d2d6-431b-b4ec-74e8cbcb06de.
Full textThe city of Najaf has inherited a rich architectural heritage and is today threatened with extinction. Thanks to the large number of religious tourists, the city is undergoing a metamorphosis although these changes are often at the origin of the destruction of this heritage. This thesis focuses on the architecture of the city of Najaf in its urban and historical context. The history of the city of Najaf is in continuity with that of the city of al-Kufa (capital between 36H / 658 and 40H / 662) which is located a few kilometers from Najaf. This city built by the Muslims in the year 17H / 639 represented a strategic point but also a political hub grown fast not far from the city a proximity of al-Hira, capital of the Lakhmids, also located a few kilometers away from it. This geographical configuration is locally called "the triangle of civilization", and represents a melting pot of several architectural and urban styles. The study of the two cities (al-Rira and alKufa) is therefore essential to understand the context in which the city of Najaf was created and developed. To understand the architecture of Najaf, we will first study the architecture of these two cities. Then to better know the architecture of the city, we will demonstrate the relationship created between the Imam Ali mausoleum, (considered as the central core of the city, and who kept these provisions since 1032H / 1623) and the rest of the city by the religious and civil monuments such as masques, schools and many other monuments. Through this thesis, we will present this architecture in its current state and in its urban, social and historical context
Terrany, Bernard. "L'Iran dans cinq hebdomadaires français de la Révolution (1979) à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020078/document.
Full textThe least we can say is that Iran since the seizure of power by the Ayatollahs in 1979 is a country that interests French weekly magazines and journalists. A quantitative approach of the articles concerning this country proves this assertion easily. But it is particularly interesting to note that each of the French weekly magazines provides a fairly specific approach that characterizes today's Iran. Nevertheless most French magazines recognize the complexity of the problems of Iran and Persian society. However, Valeurs Actuelles stigmatizes the barbaric regime while Courrier International, conversely provides a kaleidoscope of rather conflicting opinions on this Islamic republic. Similarly, Le Point emphasizes the danger of Iran today while L'Express focuses primarily on nuclear issues. Marianne on the other hand offers a balanced study of both internal and external problems of this country ruled by Ayatollahs. In reality, there may be a consensus among French journalists who are specialists of the Persian world due to the fact that concerning its domestic policy Iran continues to oscillate between democracy and totalitarianism even though the country seems to consider the possession of nuclear weapons as the future anchor of its foreign policy and sub-regional diplomatic role
Mira, Adam. "La rivalité entre les croyants d'Allah : l'Iran et l'Arabie saoudite." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25628.
Full textThis research is to address the strained relationship and interactions of different levels between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Indeed, the study questions the causes of this rigid bond since the Shiite Mullahs came to power in Iran in 1979, and the different perspectives of Islam being implemented by the two theocratic states. These two regional and major powers in the Arab-Muslim world are each trying in their own way to propagate their ideology in the Islamic world and even beyond. However, the arrival of Mohamed bin Salman in Saudi Arabia whose political rise as crown prince has led to all-out offensives against Iran, but also against certain allies. Ultimately, under the current circumstances, it is difficult to reach an understanding between the two countries. Confidence is lacking and the different interpretation of religion complicates the relationship between Imamate Iran and Wahhabi Saudi Arabia.
Jean, Patricia. "Islam chiite, culture religieuse et expression politique : le cas de l'Irak post-Saddam Hussein." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/645/1/M10019.pdf.
Full textRazavi, Sam. "La politique étrangère iranienne vis-à-vis des arabes shiites : une analyse réaliste néoclassique." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2432/1/M10952.pdf.
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