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1
Herrera, Veronica M., and Laura Ann McCloskey. "Sexual Abuse, Family Violence, and Female Delinquency: Findings From a Longitudinal Study." Violence and Victims 18, no. 3 (June 2003): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.3.319.
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The current study examines the effects of three forms of childhood victimization on self-reported delinquency and aggression in adolescent girls. These analyses are based on a longitudinal sample of 141 mother-daughter pairs participating in a study about marital violence and child development. When the children were school aged, mothers and children provided reports describing (a) child exposure to marital violence, (b) escalated physical abuse against the child, and (c) child sexual abuse. Children were followed up into adolescence and re-interviewed. Self-reports of delinquency (violent and nonviolent), running away, and violence against parents were collected. Results indicate that out of the three forms of victimization, child sexual abuse emerged as the strongest predictor of girls’ violent and nonviolent criminal behavior. Girls with a history of physical abuse in childhood were most likely to assault their parents. Witnessing marital violence failed to contribute further to delinquency, beyond the adverse association with childhood sexual abuse. Findings highlight a unique avenue for delinquency in girls via childhood sexual exploitation.
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Goodman, Michael L., Andrea Hindman, Philip H. Keiser, Stanley Gitari, Katherine Ackerman Porter, and Ben G. Raimer. "Neglect, Sexual Abuse, and Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence During Childhood Predicts Later Life Violent Attitudes Against Children Among Kenyan Women: Evidence of Intergenerational Risk Transmission From Cross-Sectional Data." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 3-4 (January 30, 2017): 623–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516689777.
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Violence against children, including corporal punishment, remains a global concern. Understanding sources of support for corporal punishment within cultures, and the potential for intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment, is essential for policy-development and community engagement to protect children. In this study, we use data from a cross-section of women in Meru County, Kenya ( n = 1,974) to profile attitudes toward violence against children using the Velicer Attitudes Towards Violence–Child subscale. We find reported histories of sexual abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and witnessing interpersonal violence during childhood predict more violent attitudes toward children in adulthood. The pathway between these forms of child maltreatment and violent attitudes is significantly mediated by family function, perceived stress, and attitudes toward violence against women. Interventions to prevent sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, and promote attachments between parents and children may benefit future generations in this population. Furthermore, secondary prevention of the effects of these childhood adversities may require development of social support, improving family function and challenging violent attitudes against women.
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Selmani-Bakiu, Arta, and MA Julinda Elezi. "Children as Victims of Domestic Violence – Deprivation of Parental Rights according to the Family Law Act of the Republic of North Macedonia and the Family Law Act of Kosovo." SEEU Review 16, no. 1 (June 12, 2021): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2021-0003.
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Abstract Domestic violence is one of the most serious forms of violation of basic human freedoms and rights regardless of ethnicity, gender, religion, and status. A reflection on many international statistics shows that women are the most frequent victims of domestic violence. Based on the definition of the phenomenon of domestic violence, the forms of abuse, the manner how violence is treated, the possibility of children, men, extramarital spouses, brothers, sisters, and old people living in an extended domestic community, of also being victims is not excluded. Since domestic violence is not only a national problem but a worldwide problem, international organizations have worked towards the eradication of this phenomenon by sanctioning it in various international conventions. Also, the legal systems of many countries prohibit and sanction domestic violence by special laws obliging the state authorities to act in all situations when there are indications that there are direct or indirect violent acts in a family. In this paper, the authors present only the domestic violence against children as an evident problem in families, but which is often unreported. The legal frameworks of the Republic of North Macedonia and Republic of Kosovo are presented in this paper with the aim to describe the material-legal and procedural-legal treatment of domestic violence by pointing out the failure of the state authorities in implementing the laws on protection and prevention of this phenomenon. The authors take the approach of only treating the legal consequences of child abuse by parents that in both legislations is deprivation of parental rights for the violent parent. They conclude that the state authorities should intensify their work in taking control measures towards all the families where there are suspicions that the parental rights are neglected, and the child is abused. Because many cases of abuse have not been detected or reported, and in both countries a special study especially on domestic violence against children does not exist, the possibility that the number for this type of child abuse is great.
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Dini, Elona, and Kujtim Mersini. "Domestic child abuse and family realm in Albania." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i1.sh04.
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This paper brings new insights and further examines the data obtained from the National Survey of Domestic Violence, which is the most comprehensive source on the prevalence of violence against children in Albania.
The aim here is not to duplicate or overlap with the results of the survey but to enshrine subtle elements that characterize the violence against children. The analyses are focused to critically examine the frequency and characteristics of physical violence against children. This includes the calculation of many comparisons between the occurrence of violence and predisposing factors. From the statistical analysis results, it can be seen, that the number of respondents who nominated their respective mothers as offenders represent 70% of the total valid sample followed by their fathers and brothers/sisters with 46% and 38% respectively. It appears that the most frequent and sadly culturally accepted method of physical violence against children is slapping and knuckle beating which resulted in 89% of cases followed by hair tear and pushes by 60%, meanwhile other more extreme forms of violence occur to a lower rate ranging from 0.6% up to 20%. Interestingly the violence against children is predominantly high in Elbasan and Gjirokastra regions with an outstanding prevalence of 91% and 88% respectively. These scientific facts replace the old misconceptions that the domestic violence is more widespread in northern areas of Albania. The research findings reported here are critical to inform our efforts to protect children from children’s exposure to violence.
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Perkins, Nathan H., and Susan F. Grossman. "Sibling Violence." Advances in Social Work 19, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22611.
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Social work has played an integral role in the conceptualization and implementation of policy aimed at prevention and intervention of various forms of family violence. Seminal federal policies to address child abuse and neglect (Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act), elder abuse (Elder Justice and Older Americans Acts), and intimate partner violence (Violence Against Women and Family Violence Prevention and Services Acts) all focus on specific types of violence in the family. To date, however, there are no federal policies specifically addressing physical and/or emotional sibling violence (Perkins, Coles, & O’Connor, 2017; Perkins & O’Connor, 2016). This article examines the exclusion of policy addressing physical and emotional sibling violence considering other family violence policies. Along with prevalence, consequences, and associative factors connected to sibling violence, definitional issues that impede the creation of policy to address this form of family violence are highlighted. Children as a marginalized population, deserving the attention of social workers through policy advocacy will be discussed as well as psychoeducation and interprofessional collaboration that may facilitate the creation of policies aimed at addressing this form of family violence.
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Caesar, P. L. "Exposure to Violence in the Families-of-Origin among Wife-Abusers and Maritally Nonviolent Men." Violence and Victims 3, no. 1 (January 1988): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.3.1.49.
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This study examined violence in the families-of-origin among wife assaulters and maritally nonviolent men. Participants were 26 wife abusers and 18 nonviolent men in therapy. Early exposure to marital violence and child abuse was assessed through interviews that were coded both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that batterers were more likely than comparison subjects to have been abused as children, to have witnessed their father beating their mother, and to have been disciplined as children with corporal punishment. Fathers were no more likely than mothers to have abused the men. There were no differences between groups in reports of parental child abuse toward siblings of the men. Differences between groups in exposure to violence were studied to explain why men who grew up in violent homes were not abusive toward their spouses. Socioeconomic status and family dynamics were examined to explain the results.
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Cunningham, Susan M. "The Joint Contribution of Experiencing and Witnessing Violence During Childhood on Child Abuse in the Parent Role." Violence and Victims 18, no. 6 (December 2003): 619–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.6.619.
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This article examines adult respondents’ abuse of children as a consequence of their own childhood experiences of abuse, both direct experiences of childhood violence (hitting) and exposure to interparental violence (witnessing). In particular, the study examines the extent to which these factors function interactively: Are both experience and exposure necessary or is either sufficient to increase disproportionately the probability of child abuse? Using data from the Second National Family Violence Survey, results of a logistic regression analysis show that either or both factors produced higher than average and relatively similar rates of child abuse. Only respondents with neither form of family violence reported lower than average rates of abuse of their own children. The analysis controlled for gender, race, family income, and family structure; race was the only control variable to be significantly associated with child abuse. Finally, no control variable modified the interaction between the family violence variables.
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Quaresma da Silva, Denise Regina. "VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN BRAZIL AND CHILD SUFFERING:." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss7.1546.
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Violence against children is a subject of wide-ranging discussion, which has been gradually taking up more space over the years both in academia and in the media. This qualitative study deals with a literature review of some of the most recurrent forms of violence experienced in childhood: sexual exploitation and abuse, psychological violence, neglect and physical violence. In continuity, we present some possible causes of violence against children, and in conclusion, we point out the consequences of the abuse endured while in childhood. These situations of family violence perpetrated during childhood create afflictions in children and are the origin of childhood and teenage psychopathologies which often remain throughout adult life. Children become psychically ill due to the violence they suffer or witness within the family, seeing as what should be their safe space becomes the captivity in which they must live with the tormentors whom they support, since they are children.
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Dewaanjani, Nadya Tamara, and Sudarsana Sudarsana. "PERAN YAYASAN “SAMIN” DALAM PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN KEKERASAN ANAK DALAM KELUARGA (Kasus Peran Yayasan “SAMIN” dalam Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Anak dalam Keluarga di Kabupaten Sleman, D.I.Y)." Journal of Development and Social Change 3, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jodasc.v3i1.41673.
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<p>Family is one of the social institutions in the community. Family is also a place for children to acquire mental coaching and personality formation. The family has a considerable role and function on the development and future of the child. However, in fact the violence of children in the family often occurs, such as violence involving fathers, mothers and other siblings. Lack of knowledge and insight related to parenting, growth and development of children is one factor in the occurrence of violence against children. From various cases of child violence, one of NGO named Yayasan SAMIN that cares about child issues to make efforts to prevent and treat child violence in the family. This research aims to know 1) how the role of Yayasan SAMIN in the prevention and handling of child violence in the family, 2) How to form the prevention and handling conducted by the Yayasan SAMIN against Child abuse cases in Family. The results of this study show that 1) Yayasan SAMIN has been explaining its role in the prevention of child violence against parents and the treatment of child abuse victims in families, 2) The prevention of child violence by parents is socialization, campaigning, and KIE (communication, information, education). The form of treatment of victims of violence is with mentoring.</p>
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Wearick-Silva, Luis Eduardo, Saulo G. Tractenberg, Mateus L. Levandowski, Thiago W. Viola, Joelza M. A. Pires, and Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira. "Mothers who were sexually abused during childhood are more likely to have a child victim of sexual violence." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 36, no. 2 (June 2014): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2013-0054.
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Introduction: Recurrent exposure to childhood sexual abuse (CSA) seems to be higher among victims of sexual abuse. In this sense, experiences related to sexual violence can perpetuate within the family context itself in various ways. Here, we investigate the association between being exposed to CSA and having a child victim of sexual abuse. Method: We used a sample with 123 mothers, who were divided into 2 groups: one consisting of 41 mothers of sexually abused children and another consisting of 82 mothers of non-sexually abused children. History of exposure to CSA was evaluated by means of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ) and we used a logistic regression model to estimate the prediction values regarding having or not a child exposed to sexual violence. Results: Mothers of sexually abused children had significantly higher scores on CTQ, especially on the sexual abuse subscale (SA). According to our logistic regression model, higher scores on the CTQ significantly predicted the status of being a mother of children exposed to sexual violence in our sample (Wald = 7.074; p = 0.008; Exp(B) = 1.681). Years of formal education reduced the likelihood of having a child victim of sexual violence (Wald = 18.994; p = 0.001; Exp(B) = 0.497). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of a possible intergenerational effect of sexual abuse. Family intervention and prevention against childhood maltreatment should take this issue in account.
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Vanaga, Sanita, and Inga Pumpuriņa. "CHILD VIOLENCE AGAINST PARENTS: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATIONS OF LIABILITY." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 28, 2021): 446–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol3.6226.
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Domestic violence is a cycle of various harassment in which the abuser can be any member of the family. Both media and research on domestic violence focus on the behaviour of adult family members, while there is a lack of research analysing child abuse, for example against their parents. The current legal framework establishes the procedure for bringing an abusive person to justice, however, the provided sanctions do not apply to a child being violent in case the offense is not of a criminal nature. The study presents the research in two parts, the first part, indicating the psychological and pedagogical aspects of the problem, and the second - the problem of the legal regulation of liability.The aim of the study was to analyse the regulatory framework, which determines the child's responsibility in cases of child-to-parent violence, to identify the problems of the legal framework and to develop proposals for the improvement of the legal framework.The study was developed interdisciplinary, performing the analysis of national and international legal acts, analysing statistical data and research on current issues. Analytical and descriptive method, grammatical, historical, teleological and systemic interpretation methods were used in the study.As a result of the research, a number of problems were identified. These were related to the identification of a child being violent, the rights and responsibilities of the family and society in cases of escalating violence, as well as the issue of taking responsibility for the child's violence. At the same time, it was concluded that cases of violence by children to parents are difficult to identify, which may be due to the parent-child relationship and ignorance of the parent's problem, resulting in a formal determination of the child's responsibility in case of violence. In turn, the legal framework should strengthen not only the procedure of holding the children responsible for their violent behavior, but also to call for interdisciplinary prevention of violence committed by children.
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Breman, Rachel, Ann MacRae, and Dave Vicary. "Child-Perpetrated Family Violence in Kinship Care in Victoria." Children Australia 43, no. 3 (June 26, 2018): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.28.
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There is growing evidence to support our understanding of adolescent violence in the home, however, there is a paucity of research about child-perpetrated violence that occurs within the context of kinship care. In 2017, Baptcare commenced research with 101 kinship carers in Victoria to gain a better understanding of how family violence was impacting on children and families. This research included a focus on child-perpetrated violence directed towards carers once the kinship placement commenced. In this context, family violence means any act of physical violence, emotional/psychological violence, verbal abuse and property damage caused by the child. This study utilised an online survey and semi-structured interviews that specifically targeted kinship carers who had direct experience of family violence. Findings demonstrated the disturbing types of child-perpetrated violent and aggressive behaviours kinship carers experienced. The data indicates that incidents of violence occurred early in the placement, they occurred frequently, and carers experienced multiple acts of violence from the child. The impact of the violence on the carer's household is significant in terms of the carer's health, wellbeing and placement stability. Further, the findings highlight the transgenerational nature of family violence in the context of kinship care in Victoria. The study described in this paper is the first step in understanding and exposing this complex issue and draws attention to some of the significant issues confronting Victorian kinship families experiencing family violence. This paper will describe the approach that Baptcare is taking to address family violence in its kinship-care programs.
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Xue, Jia, Junxiang Chen, Chen Chen, Ran Hu, and Tingshao Zhu. "The Hidden Pandemic of Family Violence During COVID-19: Unsupervised Learning of Tweets." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): e24361. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24361.
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Background Family violence (including intimate partner violence/domestic violence, child abuse, and elder abuse) is a hidden pandemic happening alongside COVID-19. The rates of family violence are rising fast, and women and children are disproportionately affected and vulnerable during this time. Objective This study aims to provide a large-scale analysis of public discourse on family violence and the COVID-19 pandemic on Twitter. Methods We analyzed over 1 million tweets related to family violence and COVID-19 from April 12 to July 16, 2020. We used the machine learning approach Latent Dirichlet Allocation and identified salient themes, topics, and representative tweets. Results We extracted 9 themes from 1,015,874 tweets on family violence and the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) increased vulnerability: COVID-19 and family violence (eg, rising rates, increases in hotline calls, homicide); (2) types of family violence (eg, child abuse, domestic violence, sexual abuse); (3) forms of family violence (eg, physical aggression, coercive control); (4) risk factors linked to family violence (eg, alcohol abuse, financial constraints, guns, quarantine); (5) victims of family violence (eg, the LGBTQ [lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning] community, women, women of color, children); (6) social services for family violence (eg, hotlines, social workers, confidential services, shelters, funding); (7) law enforcement response (eg, 911 calls, police arrest, protective orders, abuse reports); (8) social movements and awareness (eg, support victims, raise awareness); and (9) domestic violence–related news (eg, Tara Reade, Melissa DeRosa). Conclusions This study overcomes limitations in the existing scholarship where data on the consequences of COVID-19 on family violence are lacking. We contribute to understanding family violence during the pandemic by providing surveillance via tweets. This is essential for identifying potentially useful policy programs that can offer targeted support for victims and survivors as we prepare for future outbreaks.
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Dodaj, Arta. "Children witnessing domestic violence." Journal of Children's Services 15, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-04-2019-0023.
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Purpose Witnessing domestic violence is a common experience among children, but has only recently been recognized as a specific form of abuse. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the researchers who have examined the experience of children witnessing domestic violence. Design/methodology/approach Research papers related to witnessing domestic violence and published in leading academic journals in the UK and abroad from January 1980 to September 2018 were identified and reviewed. Findings Although there were some inconsistent findings, it was found that most of the available research suggests that witnessing domestic violence is prevalent among children and recognized today as a form of abuse. Results from analyzed studies identified high rates of psychological problems among children exposed to witnessing domestic violence. Furthermore, there is evidence that a variety of child and parent characteristics are important to more fully understand what influences have on exposure children’s witnessing domestic violence. In the end, this data emphasize that to be successful, access is essential to the places where the risks for the occurrence of this form of abuse is most evident, in the family, working with the child and the parents/caregivers. Originality/value This is an original paper which draws on different research about children witnessing domestic violence.
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Walker, Lenore E. A. "Nonjudicial Influence on Family Violence Court Cases." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 12 (September 13, 2020): 1749–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764220956688.
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Family courts have rarely considered how their decisions are perpetuating domestic violence and child abuse in the many cases where custody disputes are before them. Rather than judges playing King Solomon themselves, they frequently leave the decision making to mental health professionals and lawyers whose credentials rarely include an understanding of what is needed to recognize, stop current abuse and prevent future violence. This article employs a literature review to examine the consequences of this decision making. Research shows that both male and female judges are skeptical of mothers’ claims of abuse and that their opinions contain negative stereotypes of women on which theories of parental alienation are based. More frighteningly, when guardians-ad-Litem or Custody Evaluators were entrusted with these decisions, research shows an intensification of the courts’ skepticism toward mothers’—but not fathers’—claims of abuse. Traditional family court procedures continue the serious risk of harm to women and children by minimizing domestic violence and child abuse, often using unproven and unscientific alienation theories as an excuse not to protect them. The article concludes with a discussion of the role specialty courts that employ therapeutic jurisprudence can play in improving this process for children.
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Afanasiev, Dmytro, and Oleksandra Oros. "The Distance Learning as the Reason of Child Abuse under Pandemic of COVID-19." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.02.2.
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Researches suggest that child abuse is related to a previous history of violence within the family setting and the evolution of the learning process. The current study was aimed to investigate the exposure of child abuse in the case of distance learning and its relationship to some variables of the social-cognitive processing among parents who potentially assaulted their children. The survey research method was applied. The questionnaire consisted of three blocks of questions: socio-demographic block, parents' impressions of distance learning at school, violence, and parents' aggression towards children. The sample included 308 primary school children’s parents from the Zakarpatska region (Ukraine). Results show that parents' reaction to learning difficulties is not always constructive because most stressful situations provoke verbal aggression and physical violence towards the child. Distance learning and related difficulties have become a major factor in violent and aggressive behavior towards children during quarantine. Most parents who allowed maltreatment toward their children before pandemic COVID-19 also demonstrated it during distance learning. Our study found a link between parents' use of physical violence and verbal aggression with the following variables: duration of lockdown, the function of the teacher in distance learning, parents' assessment of the process and learning outcome, qualitative changes in the relationship between parents and children during quarantine. The study of violent situations against children during distance learning will provide an opportunity to develop effective preventive and corrective measures. The process of informing about situations of violence against children can have a psychoprophylactic effect.
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Bozko-Cace, Margarita. "PUNISHMENT PRACTICES IN CASES OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE." Administrative and Criminal Justice 3, no. 88 (December 30, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v3i88.4413.
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Sexual violence against a child is a global, complicated social and legal problem, existing in all the countries of the world. Sexual violence towards children is a serious violation of the child’s fundamental rights and still one of the main issues in Latvia, which in most cases takes place within families. In Latvia, despite the measures taken by the state and severity of criminal punishments, the number of sex crimes against children has increased since 2016. The aim of the study is to research the practices of criminal punishments for sexual violence against children, reveal and analyse the problems.In the paper, the author reveals topical issues and offers solutions. There should be a uniform case law on application of aggravating circumstances for the offences against morality and sexual integrity of children committed by a person who is the first and second degree relative to the child. If the victim materially depends on the perpetrator, as well as it should be provided as an aggravating circumstance if the offence is committed by a family member or a person staying with the child, but who is not the first and second degree relative. It is necessary to prosecute family members of the perpetrator if they were aware of sexual violence against the child, for not reporting about sexual violence against the child. Prevention of sexual violence against children should include a range of additional measures and close cooperation among public authorities. There is a necessity to establish a public register of persons convicted of sexual violence against children in Latvia, it is necessary to carry out administrative supervision of these persons after serving the additional sentence, as well as chemical castration of the persons half a year before the end of their imprisonment would be useful to prevent risk of recidivism.
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Feresin, Mariachiara, Natalina Folla, Simon Lapierre, and Patrizia Romito. "Family Mediation in Child Custody Cases and the Concealment of Domestic Violence." Affilia 33, no. 4 (April 18, 2018): 509–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109918766659.
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While mediation is commonly used in custody negotiation, there is no consensus regarding its applicability in domestic violence cases. The aim of this qualitative study in Italy was to explore the role of family mediation in the management of child custody in cases involving domestic violence. Semistructured interviews were conducted with lawyers ( N = 5), social workers ( N = 15), and abused women who had separated from their children’s fathers ( N = 13). Legal documents were also analyzed. The results showed that violence against women and children had often been concealed during mediation, as the professionals involved had failed to detect domestic violence or had labeled it as conflicts. Moreover, the “parental couple” had been dissociated from the “marital couple,” and the responsibility for the abuse had been attributed to both parents. As a result, women and children had been blamed and had experienced secondary victimization, while the perpetrators’ patterns of power and control had continued. The results also revealed that those professionals had not known about and had not applied the Istanbul Convention, which provides guidelines to ensure women’s and children’s safety. Recommendations highlight the need to account for the complexity of domestic violence cases, to hold perpetrators responsible for the abuse, and to support the victims.
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Kolar, Kathryn R., and Debrynda Davey. "Silent Victims: Children Exposed to Family Violence." Journal of School Nursing 23, no. 2 (April 2007): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405070230020501.
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Annually an estimated 3 million or more children are exposed to acts of domestic violence between adults in their homes. These children are at risk for abuse themselves as well as other immediate and long-term problems, especially if they have been exposed to repeated episodes of domestic violence. Multiple behavioral manifestations, including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder, may be associated with violence exposure, and it is imperative that school nurses recognize these. All children should be screened for domestic violence exposure at regular intervals, and those who are at risk should have a more thorough health assessment. Planning for the safety of the child, nonoffending caregiver, and siblings and the school nurse involved in the situation is of utmost importance.
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García, Gerardo Gómez, María Jesús Santos-Villalba, Carmen Rodríguez Jiménez, and María José Alcalá del Olmo Fernández. "Family Violence in the Educational Context: A Bibliometric Study." Asian Social Science 17, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n2p44.
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Family violence is one of the social problems that most concerns citizens today. Different subtypes of this violence continue to proliferate in the family context such as gender violence and child abuse. However, in recent years there has been an increase in cases of abuse of adolescent children towards their parents, giving rise to the phenomenon of child to parent violence. In order to analyse the scientific productivity of family violence, a bibliometric analysis was carried out. 679 scientific articles published from the date of origin of the subject to 2019 were analysed through the application of various bibliometric indicators. The results showed that the productivity on domestic violence is currently insufficient due to the existence of different types of violence that take place in the family nucleus and whose substantial elements differ from each other. Therefore, the need to continue contributing to research in this area of knowledge is reiterated.
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Seddighi, Hamed, Ibrahim Salmani, Mohhamad Hossein Javadi, and Saeideh Seddighi. "Child Abuse in Natural Disasters and Conflicts: A Systematic Review." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 22, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838019835973.
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Violence against children affects a significant portion of youth around the world. Emergencies and natural disasters escalate the risk due to weakened child protection systems and disruption of preventative mechanisms. In this systematic review, 692 related papers were searched in various databases in the initial search. After review, 11 papers were finally selected for full review. These papers were selected based on publication date, relevance to emergencies, their geographical area type of violence, age of subjects, and their gender. Most families affected by natural disasters, especially those in lower socioeconomic status, face greater social and economic pressures. The families that are more vulnerable to loss of food and shelter commit violence against children more frequently. On the other hand, while the rate of violence increases in emergencies, the reported rate of violence is less than the actual rate due to lack of required infrastructure and reporting mechanisms. The emergency housing increased risk of some types of child abuse. The history of exposure to violence, parental substance abuse, poverty, and child labor were predictors of increased violence against children in emergency situations. Sexual violence against girls after conflicts and physical violence against boys after emergencies are common forms of violence. Poverty as another predictor exposes children to more violence due to limited family economic resources and support. Given the identified predictors of violence, humanitarian organizations can come closer to providing appropriate plans to reduce the risk during and postdisaster.
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Mulyana, Nandang, Risna Resnawaty, and Gigin Ginanjar Kamil Basar. "PENANGANAN TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN KEKERASAN (TREATMENT FOR CHILD ABUSE)." Al-Izzah: Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian 13, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/ai.v13i1.871.
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This studi aims to analyze the treatment to child abuse at Kuningan regency, whether handling by government or nongovernment organisation. The causes of violence are categorized as internal factors that come from within the family and external that occur outside the family environment. The treatment for the the violence victims should be comprehensive and involving various competent parties. Thus, the involvement of all institutions, both government institutions and the public to handle the victims of violence is very important. Handling of the child victims of violence must also have a policy, which is not applied national but also more specific to each region. Parties involved in the treatment process of children victims include the Department of Social Affairs, Health Office, Education Office, Police, and P2TP2A. Meanwhile the community such as NGO need to concern on the victims of violence. This inter-institutional coordination is needed to support each other to overcome the children abuse and treat the victims. This is necessary because it is limited if only one institution which participate to overcome this issue.
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Shen, April Chiung-Tao, Joyce Yen Feng, Jui-Ying Feng, Hsi-Sheng Wei, Yi-Ping Hsieh, Soar Ching-Yu Huang, and Hsiao-Lin Hwa. "Who Gets Protection? A National Study of Multiple Victimization and Child Protection Among Taiwanese Children." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 17 (October 5, 2016): 3737–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516670885.
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This study aims to examine the prevalence of multiple types of child victimization and the effects of multiple types of victimization on children’s mental health and behavior in Taiwan. The study also examines the child-protection rate and its correlates among children experiencing various types of victimization. This study collected data with a self-report questionnaire from a national proportionately stratified sample of 6,233 fourth-grade students covering every city and county in Taiwan in 2014. After calculating the 1-year prevalence of child victimization, the study found that bullying was the most prevalent (71%), followed by physical neglect (66%), psychological violence (43%), inter-parental violence (28%), community violence (22%), physical abuse (21%), and sexual violence (9%). As the number of victimization types increased, children were more likely to report greater posttraumatic symptoms, psychiatric symptoms, suicide ideation, self-harm thoughts, and violent behaviors. Gender, neonatal status, parental marital status, and other family risks were significantly associated with elevated incidences of the victimization types. Only 20.6% of the children who had experienced all seven types of victimization had received child protective services. A child was more likely to receive child protective services if he or she had experienced sexual violence, community violence, inter-parental violence exposure, higher family risks, higher suicidal ideation, or living in a single-parent or separated family. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the cumulative effects and the harmful effects that children’s experience of multiple types of victimization can have on the children’s mental health and behavior. The present findings also raise alarms regarding the severity of under-serving in child-victimization cases. These results underscore the importance of assessing, identifying, and helping children with multiple victimization experiences.
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Ćwikowski, Robert. "THE PHENOMENON OF VIOLENCE AGAINST PARENTS BY THEIR MINOR CHILDREN." Probacja 1 (June 15, 2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8938.
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Abuse of parents by their minor children is a more and more distinctive family and social problem. Parents and guardians are reluctant to report violence inflicted upon them by their own children. There is a number of reasons: shame of being criticised and assessed; a feeling of helplessness; no clear, specific definition of child-to-parent violence. This article describes the phenomenon based on the available literature. It provides a set of definitions connected with child-to-parent violence, and a description of forms of the abuse concerned. Also, the article contains an overview of selected research on the phenomenon. And conclusions drawn from the research concerned rendered it possible to determine child-to-parent violence risk factors, and to take an attempt to determine prevention actions.
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Martin, Sandra L., Deborah A. Gibbs, Ruby E. Johnson, E. Danielle Rentz, Monique Clinton-Sherrod, Jennifer L. Hardison Walters, and Kristen Sullivan. "Male Soldier Family Violence Offenders: Spouse and Child Offenders Compared to Child Offenders." Violence and Victims 24, no. 4 (August 2009): 458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.24.4.458.
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Army data from 2000 to 2004 were used to compare two groups of married, male, Army soldier, first-time family violence offenders: 760 dual offenders (whose initial incident included both child maltreatment and spouse abuse) and 2,209 single offenders (whose initial incident included only child maltreatment). The majority (81%) of dual offenders perpetrated physical spouse abuse; however, dual offenders were less likely than single offenders to perpetrate physical child abuse (16% vs. 42%) or sexual child abuse (1% vs. 11%), but they were more likely to perpetrate emotional child abuse (45% vs. 12%). These findings may be, at least in part, explained in light of the Army Family Advocacy Program policy, which considers spouse offenders as also being emotional child abuse offenders since children may be traumatized by exposure to spouse abuse.
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Kirthana, V., Praveen Kulkarni, Nayanabai Shabadi, M. R. Narayana Murthy, and Anil S. Bilimale. "Perceptions and possible solutions for violence against children among mothers of under five." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201992.
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Background: Violence has been one of the most complex contemporary phenomena and their manifestations are responsible for social and mental disturbances of children. This phenomenon is a serious problem of global public health, presenting various causes that compromise socio-cultural levels of society. The objective of the study was to assess the perceptions on causes and consequences of violence against children among mothers of under five children and to describe the common solutions for the violence against children as perceived by mothers.Methods: This qualitative research was undertaken in the urban field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysore. A total of 20 women were interviewed for free-listing exercise and the data regarding their perception about causes, consequences and methods of prevention of violence on children were collected. The data collected through free listing and pile sorting was analyzed using Visual Anthropac 1.0.Results: Among 20 subjects interviewed, mean age of the women interviewed was 29.6 years, 70% were completed basic schooling, 30% had history of substance abuse by family members. Common themes emerged out were subjects being not aware of child abuse, opined that child abuse was solely from family members, claimed that they do not abuse their children, opted to remain silent in the circumstances of child abuse, believed it hamper child growth.Conclusions: It is necessary to intervene violence as it means to prevent it through short- and long-term goals such as the implementation of public policies, programs that aim at changes capable of modifying the conditions that favour this phenomenon.
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Timmer, Susan G., Dianne Thompson, Michelle A. Culver, Anthony J. Urquiza, and Shannon Altenhofen. "Mothers' physical abusiveness in a context of violence: Effects on the mother–child relationship." Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579411000678.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mothers' physical abusiveness on the quality of the mother–child relationship, and note how it further varied by their exposure to interparental violence (IPV). The sample consisted of 232 clinic-referred children, aged 2 to 7 years, and their biological mothers. Slightly more than a quarter of the children (N = 63, 27.2%) had been physically abused by their mothers; approximately half of these children also had a history of exposure to IPV (N = 34, 54%). Investigating effects of physical abuse in the context of IPV history on mothers' and children's emotional availability, we found that physically abused children with no IPV exposure appeared less optimally emotionally available than physically abused children with an IPV exposure. However, subsequent analyses showed that although dyads with dual-violence exposure showed emotional availability levels similar those of nonabusive dyads, they were more overresponsive and overinvolving, a kind of caregiving controllingness charasteric of children with disorganized attachment styles. These findings lend some support to the notion that the effects of abuse on the parent–child relationship are influenced by the context of family violence, although the effects appear to be complex.
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Nofziger, Stacey, Rachel E. Stein, and Nicole L. Rosen. "Comparing Children’s and Caseworkers’ Reports of Physical Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 16 (September 28, 2016): 3516–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516670880.
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In cases of suspected child maltreatment, the caseworkers’ evaluations of the harm and risk to the child are vital in determining if children are being abused and ultimately whether services are provided to the family. These evaluations are dependent on information caseworkers are able to uncover during their investigation, but may not reflect the experiences of the child. Using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-I), this study first compares how consistent children’s claims of physical victimization are with caseworkers’ assessments of harm, severity of risk, and whether there is physical abuse occurring. Second, we examine whether any discrepancies are influenced by the demographic characteristics of the child. Based on cross-tabulations, mean tests of difference, and one-way ANOVA, we find a high degree of overlap in children’s reports of violence with caseworkers’ reports of harm, the potential for risk, and the presence of physical abuse. However, there are also important differences. Among children who reported acts of physical violence occurred “lots of times,” 23% of the cases were viewed by the caseworker as causing “no harm” to the child and over 60% were not regarded as physical abuse. The children’s age and sex are both significant predictors of discrepancies, with more discrepancies between caseworkers and young children or teens as well as boys. Implications of this study are that additional training is needed to help caseworkers build rapport with the children. We also suggest that Child Protective Services (CPS) should implement alternative ways for children to report their experiences other than face-to-face interviews with caseworkers.
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Black, Dora. "Witnessing adults' violence: the effects on children and adolescents." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 4, no. 4 (July 1998): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.4.4.202.
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Children, like adults, can directly experience or be witness to interpersonal violence either within or outside the family, on one or repeated occasions. Intra-familial violence may result in the death or serious disablement of a parent or child, or may be experienced as child sexual abuse or chronic domestic violence. Non-familial violence includes urban violence now endemic in some communities, war and civil conflict, and vicarious violence such as in films and on television. Traumatic events can also occur by natural forces, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes. This review will focus mainly on the effects on children of witnessing severe or repeated violence, sometimes resulting in death, occurring to a member of their family, perpetrated either by a parent, step-parent or cohabitee or by a person or persons unrelated to them, although it will draw on studies of other traumatic experiences where relevant.
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Baldry, Anna C. "“It Does Affect Me”." European Psychologist 12, no. 1 (January 2007): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.12.1.29.
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Aggressive and delinquent behaviors in preadolescents may be indicators of problems suffered at home from direct child abuse by one or both parents or indirect abuse, such as exposure to domestic violence. A total of 532 Italian preadolescents recruited in their schools took part in this study. They completed a self-report questionnaire measuring direct child abuse from mothers and fathers, exposure to mother-to-father and father-to-mother violence, and externalizing delinquent and aggressive behaviors. Results indicated high levels of delinquent and aggressive behavior, compared to normative data, as well as high levels of reported direct and indirect family abuse. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated an independent significant effect for gender, mother- to-father violence, and both paternal child abuse and maternal child abuse. Discussion includes the importance of addressing externalizing problems of adolescents as indicators of family-related abuse, which may require multiple interventions and coordination between different agencies that work with children.
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Trindade, Luciana C., Silvana M. G. M. Linhares, Jorge Vanrell, Danilo Godoy, José C. A. Martins, and Stela M. A. N. Barbas. "Sexual violence against children and vulnerability." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 60, no. 1 (February 2014): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.60.01.015.
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Objective To analyze the demographic and epidemiological profile of children and adolescents victims of sexual violence treated in a Unit of Forensic Medicine and the relationship between victims and perpetrators. Methods A descriptive study, with data collection from information gathered from sex abuse reports performed in 2009 on victims of sexual violence aged less than 18 years. The data collection tool was a form filled out with demographic information about the victim – gender and age - and information regarding the sexual violence –, location of the occurrence, time elapsed between abuse and expert report, complaints reported, sexological examination findings, description of lesions outside the genital region, and aggressor’s relationship to victim. Results In 2009, 421 individuals victim of sexual violence were assisted. Of those, 379 (90%) were younger than 18 years, and 66 cases were excluded from these reports. Most were female (81.2%). The most affected age group was 10 to 13 years old (36.7%), followed by 5 to 9 year-olds (30.7%). In most cases (86.3%), there were family or friendship ties between victims and perpetrators, being most frequently accused an acquaintance or friend of the family (42.3%), followed by the stepfather (16.6%) and the father (10.9%). Conclusion The results are similar to other studies conducted in the country. This work aims at filling a gap caused by the lack of research on this topic in the State, hoping to collaborate to improve public policies against child sexual abuse.
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Biehal, Nina. "Parent Abuse by Young People on the Edge of Care: A Child Welfare Perspective." Social Policy and Society 11, no. 2 (January 16, 2012): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746411000595.
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This article reports on parent abuse by 112 young people within a sample of 209 families with adolescent children who were receiving family support services, presenting both young people and parents’ accounts of this abuse. Drawing on an analysis of quantitative data, it also reports on the characteristics, histories and circumstances of the young people and families and examines the predictors of parent abuse. Lone mothers were more likely to be victims of this abuse. Many of the young people had experienced maltreatment and those who had witnessed domestic violence were more likely to be violent to parents.
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Chiacchella, Clarissa, and Sarah Miragoli. "La tutela del bambino e della donna in Tunisia e in Marocco." MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 1 (May 2009): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2009-001005.
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- The analysis of issues relating to the protection of women and child in Tunisia and Morocco, originated from a careful reflection on migration in our country. This work examines issues relating to the protection of women and children in Tunisia and Morocco, in particular: the status of women in the family and work and its image rooted in the traditions and social contexts; children, victims of violence and abuse in the family and at school, or forced to work, despite the existence of strict legislations. Key words: discrimination; patriarchal culture; human rights; maltreatment; child abuse; violence.
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Uchoa Portela Veloso, Lorena, Laila Caroline Leme da Silva, Clayra Rodrigues de Sousa, and Paula Lima Rodrigues. "Violence profile in children 0-9 years of age treated in a public hospital / Perfil de violência em crianças de 0 a 9 anos atendidas em um hospital público / Perfil de la violencia en los niños de 0-9 años de edad tratados en un hospital público." Revista de Enfermagem da UFPI 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/reufpi.v4i1.3529.
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Objective: To trace the epidemiological profile of notified cases involving child victims of violence in a public hospital of Teresina from 2009 to 2011. Methods: Retrospective study from the data of violence against children registered in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases ( SINAN). Enrolled 366 individual chips notification involving children 0-9 years old. Results: It was found that most cases occur in children aged 1-3 years (56.3%) and males (58.5%). Regarding the type of violence was observed more frequently neglect / abandonment (76.5%), with 65.6% of cases occurring in the victim's residence and taking her mother as the main aggressor (45.1%). Children died in 2.2% of reported cases. Conclusion: that child abuse is prevalent in the family environment and thus becomes a much more complex problem because the family that should take care and enabling conditions for survival and quality of life is precisely the one that participates or co-participate in acts of violence against children. Keywords: Violence. Child. Epidemiology. Nursing.
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Nandang, Mulyana, Risna Resnawaty, and Agus Wahyudi. "PELAYANAN SOSIAL BAGI ANAK KORBAN KEKERASAN (SOCIAL SERVICE FOR CHILD ABUSE)." Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 2 (October 13, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v6i2.19785.
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ABSTRAKAnak merupakan anugerah yang diberikan Tuhan kepada manusia. Akan tetapi dalam perkembangannya anak seringkali menjadi korban kekerasan. Kekerasan terhadap anak mempunyai dampak yang sangat luas dan panjang. Anak korban kekerasan akan membawa trauma selama hidupnya. Di sisi lain korban kekerasan semasa kecil mempunyai potensi untuk menjadi pelaku pada masa yang akan datang sewaktu korban tersebut telah dewasa. Trauma yang luas dan panjang ini harus mendapatkan pelayanan secara komprehensif. Faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan terhadap anak adalah faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal adalah faktor yang berasal dari dalam keluarga. Sementara faktor eksternal adalah faktor yang terjadi diluar lingkungan keluarga. Penanganan terhadap anak korban kekerasan yang komprehensif adalah pengananan yang menyeluruh dan melibatkan berbagai pihak yang kompeten. Dengan demikian perlu adanya keterlibatan semua institusi baik itu institusi pemerintah maupun masyarakat dalam penanganan bagi anak korban kekerasan. Penanganan anak korban kekerasan juga harus memunyai payung kebijakan. Payung kebijakan ini tidak hanya bersifat nasional tetapi juga lebih spesifik dari daerah masing-masing. Pihak yang terlibat dalam penangannan anak korban kekerasan meliputi Dinas Sosial, Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Pendidikan, Kepolisian, dan P2TP2A. Sementara dari pihak masyarakat adalah LSM yang concern terhadap anak korban kekerasan. Koordinasi natarinstitusi ini yang menjadi permasalahan.Peningkatan koordinasi menjadi hal yang harus segera dilakukan. Koordinasi antarinstitusi ini diperlukan agar dapat saling mendukung dalam penanganan anak korban kekerasan. Hal ini diperlukan karena ada keterbatasan dari masing-masing institusi jika melakukan penanganan sendiri-sendiri. ABSTRACT The child is a precious gift God has given man, but in reality children often become victims of violence. Children as weak creatures are often victims of violence. Violence against children has a very large and long impact, the experiences will bring trauma during his life. On the other hand, victims of violence during childhood have the potential to become perpetrators in the future that will come when the victim has grown up. This extensive and lengthy trauma should be comprehensively also must be able to eliminate the trauma he suffered. Caused Factors violence against children are internal factors and external factors. Internal factors are factors that come from within the family. Meanwhile external factors are factors that occur outside the family environment. Completion of children who are victims of comprehensive violence is a comprehensive and full involvement of various competent parties. Thus, the involvement of all institutions, both government institutions and the public in handling for children of victims of violence. Handling of child victims of violence must also have a policy. This policy is not only national but also more specific from each region. Parties involved in the completion of children victims of violence include the Department of Social Affairs, Health Office, Education Office, Police, and P2TP2A. Meanwhile the community is an NGO that concerns the child victims of violence. This inter-institutional coordination is needed to support each other in handling child victims of violence. This is necessary because there are limitations of each institution when it comes to its own handling.
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Iqbal, Meesha, Zafar Fatmi, Kausar Khan, and Asaad Nafees. "Violence and abuse among working children in urban and suburban areas of lower Sindh, Pakistan." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 27, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2021.27.5.501.
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Background: Child labourers are exposed to an insecure environment and higher risk of violence. Violence among child labourers is an under-studied phenomenon which requires contextual assessment. Aims: We applied Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model (micro-, exo- and macro-system) to understand the interplay of individual, community, societal and policy context fuelling violence. Methods: Focus group discussions and family ethnographies of child-labourers working in common occupational sectors of suburban areas of Sindh were carried out to gain in-depth understanding of their immediate environment and abuse (micro-system). Frequency of emotional, physical and sexual violence (5–14 years; n = 634) was also determined. Indepth interviews with employers (exo-system, n = 4) and key-informant-interviews of prominent stakeholders in Pakistan (macro-system, n = 4) working against labour/violence were carried out Thematic-content analysis was performed using MAXQDA, version 8.0. Results: We estimated that 21%, 19% and 9% of children suffered from emotional, physical and sexual violence respectively. Child labourers’ interviews indicated the existence of all forms of abuse at home and in the workplace; sexual violence by grandfathers was highlighted (micro-system). Children reported frequent scolding and insults in the workplace along with physical violence that could be fatal (exo-system). The legal environment of violence in Pakistan was considered deficient as it did not address the hidden forms (touching, kissing, etc.; macro-system). Conclusion: We documented that all forms of violence were rampant among the child labourers, and improved efforts and comprehensive legislation is direly needed to alleviate the situation.
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Breman, Rachel, Ann MacRae, and Dave Vicary. "‘It's Been an Absolute Nightmare’ – Family Violence in Kinship Care in Victoria." Children Australia 43, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.8.
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Kinship care has become the fastest growing form of out-of-home care in Victoria and is the preferred placement option for children who are unable to live with their parents. Little is known about family violence in kinship care that is perpetrated by a close family member of the child in care (usually the child's mother/father) against the carer(s) and children once the placement has started. In this context, family violence means any act of physical violence, emotional/psychological violence, verbal abuse and property damage. In 2017, Baptcare undertook research with 101 kinship carers to gain a better understanding of how family violence was impacting on children and families in kinship care in Victoria. The study used a mixed design that specifically targeted kinship carers who had direct experience of family violence during their placement. This study has demonstrated that significant amounts of violence from family members are being experienced by kinship carers in Victoria and the children in their care. As a response to these findings, Baptcare is proactively addressing family violence in kinship care, across a range of domains, to provide solutions to the issues identified in this research.
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Palusci, Vincent J., and Marissa Ilardi. "Risk Factors and Services to Reduce Child Sexual Abuse Recurrence." Child Maltreatment 25, no. 1 (May 13, 2019): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559519848489.
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Child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with a range of negative consequences for victims that are compounded when it recurs. We used the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System to study a cohort of 42,036 children in 45 U.S. states with sexual abuse reports first confirmed by child protective services (CPS) during 2010 in order to identify children with increased risk for recurrence. A small proportion (3.6%) had a second confirmed sexual abuse report through 2015. In multivariate models, female gender, family hearing and vision problems, other child maltreatment, and other family violence were associated with increased risk of recurrence, while younger children, Hispanic families, and those with substance abuse tended to have less risk. One fourth of recurrence involved the same offender, usually a parent or caretaker. One fourth of cases were referred for any CPS services, which were more likely to be provided for families with poverty, drug or alcohol problems, or other violence. Only substance abuse services significantly reduced recurrence in multivariable models. Those trying to reduce CSA recurrence should recognize that certain case characteristics are associated with greater recurrence, and most CPS services do not significantly reduce CSA recurrence.
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Batricevic, Ana. "Children and animal abuse: Criminological, victimological and criminal justice aspects." Temida 14, no. 3 (2011): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1103057b.
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Animal abuse represents a complex social, psychological, criminological, victimological and legal phenomenon whose gravity is increased if a child appears either as the perpetrator or as the observer of violence against animals. Etiology and phenomenology of animal abuse suggest that it tends to overlap with various deviant, delinquent and criminal activities, including physical, emotional and sexual abuse of family or other community members, alcohol and drug abuse, illegal gambling and betting and membership of children and adolescents in street gangs. The author discusses fundamental reasons, causes and motives for animal abuse committed by children as well as the devastating impact of children?s exposure to the scenes of animal abuse on their future delinquent behavior. She emphasizes the link between animal abuse and family violence and analyzes the position of a child as a direct or indirect victim in such situations. In addition, the author estimates the efficiency of existing mechanisms of prevention and state reaction to such behaviours and suggests solutions, which are accepted in comparative law, as potential role models.
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Markward, Martha J. "The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 78, no. 1 (February 1997): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.738.
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The author examines the negative behaviors of children in milieus in which sheltered women report and do not report the occurrence of child abuse. The sample of women was randomly selected from those sheltered in a midwestern regional family-violence center at some point during a 22-month period. Data on children's negative behaviors were collected from women ex post facto by examining the intake forms they completed with shelter workers. The results of the study suggest that social work practitioners take a social-constructivist approach in working with children in milieus in which children observe and/or experience abuse and further suggest that social work practitioners work with public/community health professionals on behalf of those children. In addition, the findings indicate that the heuristic nature of the social-constructivist approach in working with children in abusive situations might provide insights into their interpretations of the violence occurring around them.
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Carvalho, Quitéria Clarice Magalhães, Marli Teresinha Gimeniz Galvão, and Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão Cardoso. "Child sexual abuse: the perception of mothers concerning their daughters' sexual abuse." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 17, no. 4 (August 2009): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692009000400011.
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Domestic violence affects all members in a family and children are considered the main victims. This qualitative study aimed to grasp the perception of mothers whose daughters were sexually abused. Data were collected between February and March 2007 in a governmental facility in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil through semi-structured interviews with ten mothers of sexually abused children. Data were submitted to the Collective Subject Discourse Technique from which three themes emerged: Guilt is rooted in the motherhood myth, unhealable pain and despair as a consequence of a feeling of powerlessness. Results evidenced that mothers experience a range of feelings in which pain, revulsion and powerlessness are highlighted. Society should be engaged in the subject and interested in understanding violence, its magnitude and the whole affected chain, otherwise, only good intentions will remain, lost in the void from the lack of action.
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ULFA, INAYATI. "HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN KELUARGA TENTANG KEKERASAN PADA ANAK DENGAN KEJADIAN KEKERASAN PADA ANAK DI PERUMAHAN GRAHA ATHAYA SIAK HULU KAMPAR." Jurnal Keperawatan Abdurrab 2, no. 1 (July 4, 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jka.v2i1.500.
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ABSTRACT
Child abuse is a mistaken treatment of parents, which includes physical, psychological, sexual, and neglect of children. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of family knowledge about violence in children with the incidence of violence in children. This type of research is quantitative with Cross Sectional design. The variables of this study are (independent variable) knowledge and (dependent variable) incidence of violence. Sample size in this research is 60 respondents by using purposive sampling technique.The analysis was done univariat and bivariate. Result of hypothesis test by using chi-square test, obtained p value = 0,429, (p > α 0,05), it means Ho is rejected, So that there is a meaningful relationship between the level of family knowledge about violence in children with the incidence of violence in children in Graha Athaya Housing Siak Hulu District Kampar regency. Researchers suggest to nurses and prospective nurses to pay more attention to violence against children in the community because the mental health of children can support the growth and development of children. Researchers also advise people not to use violence in educating children.
Keyword : Family, Events, Violence, Knowledge
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Browne, Roy, Shay Keating, and John J. O'Connor. "Sexual abuse in childhood and subsequent illicit drug abuse in adolescence and early adulthood." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 15, no. 4 (December 1998): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s079096670000481x.
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AbstractObjectives: This study examines the frequency of childhood sexual abuse and physical abuse in a cohort of opiate addicted patients and looks at clinical correlates in those abused.Method: Fifty-two consecutive patients attending an out patient drug treatment programme were interviewed using a semi-structured technique. Demographic details, details of schooling, marital status and number of children were recorded. The duration of drug abuse, age of onset of opiate abuse, early life experiences of both child sex abuse and childhood violence and a family history of alcohol abuse were also investigated.Results: 21.2% of patients gave a history of sex abuse, with 23.1% of patients having a history of exposure to violence as a child. Those exposed to sex abuse had an earlier age of onset of opiate injection. A correlation between parental alcohol abuse and sex abuse and violence was noted.Conclusions: A history of child sex abuse was associated with earlier onset of opiate abuse in this group of patients. The relatively frequent incidence of abuse and violence in those with opiate abuse must be born in mind when providing treatment. The addressing of issues relating only to addiction leaves earlier traumas continuing to exert an influence on the patient.
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Hanak, Natasa, Lazar Tenjovic, Veronika Ispanovic-Radojkovic, Ana Vlajkovic, and Mirjana Beara. "Epidemiological research of violence against children in families in Serbia." Temida 16, no. 2 (2013): 75–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1302075h.
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In the paper the results of an epidemiological study conducted in 2010-2011 as a part of the regional project Balkan Epidemiological Study on Child Abuse and Neglect (BECAN) are presented. The goal of the research was to estimate the prevalence of physical, psychological and sexual violence against children in the family as well as prevalence of feeling of neglect in children. Gender and age differences in the prevalence of violence, as well as differences with respect to geographic region and urbanicity of place of the children?s? residence were also examined. The stratified cluster sample consisted of 4027 children attending the fifth and seventh grades of the primary school and the second grade of the high school. Data was collected by an adapted version of the questionnaire ICAST-C (ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool-Chidren Version - ICAST-C). At least one experience of psychological violence in the lifetime was reported by 68,4% of children, whereas at least one experience of physical violence was reported by 69,2% of children. Feeling of neglect was experienced by 28.8% of children at least once in their lifetime. At least one experience of sexual violence was reported by 8.5% children, whereas 3,7% of them reported the experience of contact sexual violence in the past year. The results indicate that girls are more exposed to psychological violence and report more feeling of neglect. Conversely, boys report more exposure to sexual violence. The rate of severe forms of physical, psychological and sexual violence is about 0.5 to 1%.
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Rinker, Katelyn. "Prevention of Psychological Abuse in Paediatric Populations." Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice 2, no. 2 (October 2019): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516606919885500.
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There are times when neglect or verbal abuse can be nearly as traumatic as physical assault. The social problem of violence relies on the fields of psychology and criminal justice to gain a deeper understanding of aggressive behaviour. These issues are especially troubling in children, who may not have the power to defend themselves, along with other members of special populations. Experiences of trauma during human development can also come with new challenges, such as altered family values through learned behaviors. Aggression is can be learned from family members or close relatives through modeling acts of anger. The reasons underlying child abuse is explored to raise awareness on this serious issue in society. The cycle of violence is also discussed in detail. And the adverse effects of abuse and neglect are emphasized. These concepts include negative health risks, such insomnia, drug use, and nicotine dependence. Other detrimental effects include a poor sense of self-image and low self-esteem, which can increase feelings of self-loathing and disgust. The opinions of specialists in human development and behavioural medicine are voiced to understand violent behavior in individuals prone to criminal behaviours. Experts from a book known as the Societal Burden of Child Abuse explain the aspects of traumatization.
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Wilson, Shanika Lavi. "Childhood trauma and Effective Empirically Based Interventions." Matters of Behaviour 10, no. 11 (July 20, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26455/mob.v10i11.70.
Full textAbstract:
Trauma affects many children in various ways globally. According to SAMHSA (2017), the “occurrence of child trauma is very prevalent, and 75% of children reported experiencing at least one traumatic event by age 16”. Traumatic events consist of “psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; community or school violence; witnessing or experiencing domestic violence; national disasters or terrorism; commercial sexual exploitation; sudden or violent loss of a loved one; refugee or war experiences; military family-related stressors; physical or sexual assault; neglect; and serious accidents or life-threatening illness” (SAMHSA, 2017). This literature review evaluates three different attachment-based, trauma-informed interventions for young children 0 - 7 years of age which are: Attachment and BioBehavioural Catchup (ABC), Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Throughout this review, childhood trauma will be defined, and the current occurrence rates will be discussed. Furthermore, the descriptions of the above therapies, clinical trials, and research findings will be examined, and a discussion of the literature review findings will follow.
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Clements, Wendy, Larry D. Williams, Tyrone David, and S. Lavi Wilson. "Childhood Trauma and Effective Empirically Based Interventions." Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research 1, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): p45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v1n1p45.
Full textAbstract:
Trauma affects many children in various ways globally. According to SAMHSA (2017), the “occurrence of child trauma is very prevalent, and 75% of children reported experiencing at least one traumatic event by age 16”. Traumatic events consist of “psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; community or school violence; witnessing or experiencing domestic violence; national disasters or terrorism; commercial sexual exploitation; sudden or violent loss of a loved one; refugee or war experiences; military family-related stressors; physical or sexual assault; neglect; and serious accidents or life-threatening illness” (SAMHSA, 2017). This literature review evaluates three different attachment-based, trauma-informed interventions for young children 0-7 years of age which are: Attachment and Bio-Behavioral Catchup (ABC), Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Throughout this review, childhood trauma will be defined, and the current occurrence rates will be discussed. Furthermore, the descriptions of the above therapies, clinical trials, and research findings will be examined, and a discussion of the literature review findings will follow.
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Fox, Kathleen Earle. "Are They Really Neglected? A Look at Worker Perceptions of Neglect Through the Eyes of a National Data System." First Peoples Child & Family Review 1, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069586ar.
Full textAbstract:
A follow up to a two-year study of abuse and neglect of American Indian children looks at differences in perceptions of neglect of American Indian children found in the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS). Findings from an analysis of 17,000 cases of neglect of white or American Indian children were that the neglect of American Indian children, compared to Caucasian children, was more often associated with foster care placement, juvenile court petition, alcohol abuse of child or caretaker, violence in the family, and family receipt of public assistance. The neglect of Caucasian children, when compared to American children, was more often associated with family preservation services, child or adult mental or physical problem, and inadequate housing. These data, from the 1995-1999 NCANDS, appear to confirm stereotypical assignations of neglect to American Indian families. This study supports the need for the direct participation of sovereign Indian nations in child protective investigation, treatment, and data collection, in order to create a more complete data system that will provide accurate numbers and characteristics of abused and neglected American Indian children.
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Stark, Debra, Jessica Choplin, and Sarah Wellard. "Properly Accounting for Domestic Violence in Child Custody Cases: An Evidence-Based Analysis and Reform Proposal." Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, no. 26.1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36641/mjgl.26.1.properly.
Full textAbstract:
Promoting the best interests of children and protecting their safety and well-being in the context of a divorce or parentage case where domestic violence has been alleged has become highly politicized and highly gendered. There are claims by fathers’ rights groups that mothers often falsely accuse fathers of domestic violence to alienate the fathers from their children and to improve their financial position. They also claim that children do better when fathers are equally involved in their children’s lives, but that judges favor mothers over fathers in custody cases. As a consequence, fathers’ rights groups have engaged in a nationwide effort to reform the custody laws to create a presumption of equal parenting time, with no exception when one of the parents has engaged in domestic violence. Domestic violence survivors and their advocates, however, claim that the needs of survivors of domestic violence and their children to be safe and free from further abuse are not being met in custody cases, that their claims of abuse are not being believed, and that the harm when a parent commits domestic violence against the other parent is not being recognized and addressed by judges and the family law professional upon whom they rely. This Article first presents a literature review, with articulated scientific standards applied to each of the pieces of research cited in this review, on what is happening outside of court and in court relating to domestic violence and best practices for taking domestic violence into account in these child custody cases. Among the key findings from this literature review are: (1) when a parent commits domestic violence against the other parent, this can cause serious long-term harm to children, (2) custody judgments tend to favor fathers over mothers because greater weight is placed on claims of alienation than on domestic violence claims, (3) long-term harms can be mitigated by evidence-based best practices, most notably, supporting non-abusive parents in their efforts to protect themselves and their children from further domestic violence, (4) family law judges and professionals must be trained on domestic violence and its nuances, as well as how to screen for domestic violence, to adequately support them, and (5) a component of this training is learning how to distinguish mutual “situational couple violence” for which “parallel parenting” custody arrangements might be feasible, from a pattern of “coercive abuse,” where sole decision-making and primary parenting time should be ordered to the non-abusive parent, and protective restrictions on parenting time should be ordered to the abusive parent. The Article then reports on a fifty-state review of custody-related laws (laws determining which parent makes major decisions relating to the child, who is allocated primary parenting time, and whether protective restrictions shall be placed on the parenting time of a parent who has engaged in domestic violence). This review found serious gaps between what evidence-based best practices suggest, and what is currently required by law in many states. These gaps in the law, including the failure of the law to require domestic violence screening and training for judges and other family law professionals, contribute to poor custody decision-making by them that compromises the safety and welfare of domestic violence survivors and their children. The Article then proposes nuanced law reforms that would align custody-related laws with evidence-based best practices for taking domestic violence into account in custody cases, including creating rebuttable presumptions, burdens of proof, and definitions of domestic violence that conform with these evidence-based best practices.
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Kurniawan, Dwi. "Implementation Of Legal Protection Of Children As Victims Of Domestic Psychic Violence." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i2.3280.
Full textAbstract:
This research is focused on the normative legal norms and also the object of the law as the main data, they get out of control and a book of rules, which should be fine correctness of the research that has been done. The author conducted research in the area of Semarang Polrestabes. The results of this study are: (1) Implementation of the legal protection of children as victims of domestic violence can be done in two ways, namely the vicissitudes of non-penal and penal. Non-penal efforts undertaken by preemptive and preventive, while the penal effort is an attempt by the police as repressive as psychological violence in the domestic sphere occurred and reported to the police; (2) Constraints faced by the police in the implementation of the legal protection of children as victims of psychological violence in the household, namely: (a) Difficulty in finding strong evidence of child victims of psychological violence, in this case the question is about how to form psychological violence. (B) The difficulty to distinguish children who suffered emotional abuse committed by family members in a household setting. A child who is exposed to violence usually have a psychological fear to reveal their problems as a result of the perpetrator's actions. (C) The number of child victims of psychological violence for people who shut themselves in their environment and also included the police or Child Protective Services. (D) delay in reporting of family members in the household,Keywords: Legal Protection, Child, Domestic Violence.