Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Child authors'

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching a specific top-level structure on students' recall and organization of expository text. The hypothesis to be investigated was that students explicitly taught the scientific report text structure schema would show improved recall and organization of written report text protocols. The report text structure utilized in this study was derived from Sloan and Latham's top-level structure of text organization devised from schema theory and semantic memory models.

This qualitative research study examined the concepts of authorship exhibited by twelve selected good readers and writers in grades six and eight. Data were collected during pre-writing session interviews, five hour-long writing sessions, and post-composition interviews, and from written compositions and questionnaires. The following conclusions were drawn from the study. School and home reading programs that emphasized children's literature selections and regular and wide-ranged reading practices directly influenced the subjects' writing behaviors and concepts of authorship. In addition, those students who performed strongest as authors were those who found time to write privately at home or in a home-like situation. Revision occurred in traditional ways, such as movement or deletion of text, but also appeared to be related to the subjects' personal writing styles, such as verbalization, mental outlining, or reading the text out loud. Both grade levels exhibited individual writing development through integration of experiences, knowledge, and physical and social maturation. For these young writers, the key factor in perceived authorship was whether a writer had an interest in and enjoyed writing.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-28T12:06:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Karen Michel Esber - 2016.pdf: 2857216 bytes, checksum: 8690f856c5b23f029e6fd8a1f130e09c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-28T12:07:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Karen Michel Esber - 2016.pdf: 2857216 bytes, checksum: 8690f856c5b23f029e6fd8a1f130e09c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T12:07:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Karen Michel Esber - 2016.pdf: 2857216 bytes, checksum: 8690f856c5b23f029e6fd8a1f130e09c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30<br>The main theme of this thesis has its center in the analysis of social representations about the victims of sexual violence in the conception of twenty-six authors of sexual violence (AVS) against children and adolescents, imprisoned in Prison Coronel Odenir Guimarães (POG), in the city of Aparecida Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brasil. The qualitative approach methodology leads the investigative task and the theoretical support searches the knowledge of Social Sciences and the Social Representation Theory, which rise the reflection beyond the individual, considering the conceptual, historical, scientific, media, legal and institutional contexts. The presentation of the interviewees is based on two perspectives: the prison institution, through documentary research in the records of the AVS and the interviewees from sixty-one personal contacts "interviewer-interviewees", mixed by the formal conduct characterized by the filling of the standard questionnaire and dialogues, both purposely targeted the themes: life history, sexualities (for themselves and their victims), children and adolescents, practiced and suffered sexual violence, victims of sexual violence, among others, like the moments of encouragement to free events and narratives of AVS. The result of the interviews showed two constants among AVS, from the empirical field: most categorize people who practice sexual violence as monsters, sick or abnormal and the different facets between denying and assuming the violence. From the perspective of the author of this document, the analysis of the AVS´s social representations about the victims elected three units of meaning: victims and victims of sexual violence, children/adolescents and sexuality (of victims and AVS). The main findings indicate that respondents recognize children and adolescents who experience sexual contact with adults as victims, relation named as a violence and a morally reprehensible act; list harmful consequences of sexual violence for the victims and also for themselves, showing their inseparability; present contradiction between not distinguishing categories as children and adolescents (both represented as biological immature, mental and emotional) and rank crimes from age category; nominate children and adolescents in sexual interaction with adults as innocent, seductive and co-authors, but always victims; show that sexual desire, if any, is directed only to the victims of the violence they committed, and not to other children and adolescents; show crystallization of the role as an author and victim of violence from the gender category; report various negative emotions about themselves in relation to the sexual violence they practiced and the caused consequences in the lives of their victims, such as repentance, disgust, anger, guilt, shame, self-image of monstrosity. Their representations are similar with the three concepts parameters adopted and with those produced and reproduced by common sense, media, law, literature and institutional discourses. The findings shown in this work and the analytical approach used inquire the assertion of part of the international literature on the fact that the AVS fail to recognize the emotional needs of their victims, because they would present empathy deficits toward them, explaining the problem in a strictly intrapsychological bias. Finally, and based on authors of the areas of Social Sciences, appears as necessary the exercise of a new interpretation that links between individual and social experience of AVS to the dominant psychosocial theories, as a contribution to the field of specialized Brazilian studies on the AVS, as well as provide professionals the minimum knowledge to the treatment in the legal field, and treatment in the field of physical and mental health of AVS, in here seen beyond the stereotypes that are charged on them before being on trial.<br>O tema principal desta tese tem como centro a análise das representações sociais sobre as vítimas de violência sexual na concepção de vinte e seis autores de violência sexual (AVS) contra crianças e adolescentes, encarcerados na Penitenciária Coronel Odenir Guimarães (POG), situada na cidade de Aparecida de Goiânia, Estado de Goiás, Brasil. A metodologia da abordagem qualitativa conduz a tarefa investigativa e o amparo teórico busca os saberes das Ciências Sociais e da Teoria das Representações Sociais, que suscitam a reflexão para além do indivíduo, considerando os contextos conceitual, histórico, científico, midiático, jurídico e institucional. A apresentação dos entrevistados tem como fundamento duas perspectivas: a da instituição prisional, por meio da pesquisa documental nos prontuários dos AVS e a dos entrevistados, a partir de sessenta e um contatos pessoais “entrevistador-entrevistados”, mesclados pela conduta formal caracterizada pelo preenchimento do questionário padrão e pelos diálogos, tanto os propositadamente direcionados aos temas: história de vida, sexualidades (de si próprios e de suas vítimas), crianças e adolescentes, violência sexual praticada e sofrida, vítimas de violência sexual, dentre outros, como os momentos de estímulo às manifestações livres e narrativas dos AVS. O resultado das entrevistas evidenciou duas constantes entre os AVS, a partir do campo empírico: a maioria rotula como monstros, doentes ou anormais as pessoas que praticam violência sexual e as diferentes facetas entre negar e assumir a violência. Sob a ótica da autora deste documento, a análise das representações sociais dos AVS sobre as vítimas de violência sexual elegeu três unidades de significação: vítimas e vítimas de violência sexual, crianças/adolescentes e sexualidade (das vítimas e dos AVS). As principais conclusões indicam que os entrevistados reconhecem crianças e adolescentes que experimentam contato sexual com adultos na condição de vítimas, relação esta nomeada como uma violência e um ato moralmente condenável; elencam consequências maléficas da violência sexual para as vítimas e também para si próprios, evidenciando sua indissociabilidade; apresentam contradição entre não realizar distinção entre as categorias crianças e adolescentes (ambas representadas como imaturas biológica, psíquica e emocionalmente) e hierarquizar crimes a partir da categoria idade; nomeiam crianças e adolescentes em interação sexual com adultos como inocentes, sedutoras e coautoras, mas sempre vítimas; manifestam que o desejo sexual, quando existente, está direcionado apenas às vítimas das violências que cometeram, e não a outras crianças e adolescentes; demonstram cristalização dos lugares de autor e de vítima de violência a partir da categoria gênero; relatam diversas emoções negativas sobre si próprios em relação à violência sexual praticada e às consequências provocadas nas vidas de suas vítimas, tais como arrependimento, nojo, raiva, culpa, vergonha, autoimagem de monstruosidade. Suas representações estão em consonância com os três conceitos parâmetros adotados e com aquelas produzidas e reproduzidas pelo senso comum, mídia, legislação, literatura especializada e discursos institucionais. Os achados evidenciados neste trabalho e a abordagem analítica empregada indagam a asserção de parte da literatura especializada internacional quanto ao fato de que os AVS não conseguem reconhecer as necessidades emocionais de suas vítimas, pois apresentariam déficits de empatia para com elas, explicando o problema sob um viés estritamente intrapsicológico. Finalizando, e com base em autores das áreas das Ciências Sociais, surge como necessário o exercício de uma nova interpretação que vincule entre a experiência individual e social dos AVS às teorias psicossociais dominantes, como forma de contribuir para o campo dos estudos brasileiros especializados sobre os AVS, como também proporcionar aos profissionais da área, a tranquilidade e o conhecimento mínimos para o trato, no campo jurídico, e para o tratamento, no campo da saúde física e mental dos AVS, aqui vistos para além dos estereótipos que lhes são imputados antes mesmo de serem julgados.

INTRODUÇÃO: O presente estudo pretende normatizar e buscar novas evidências de validade da versão em Língua Portuguesa do Brasil do Child Sexuality Behavior Inventory - CSBI (Rossetti, 2012), tendo em vista a necessidade, por parte dos profissionais que atuam com crianças, de recursos para a apuração de comportamentos sexuais atípicos, de forma que a avaliação e intervenção nesta área do desenvolvimento sejam práticas baseadas em evidências. OBJETIVO: normatizar a versão em Língua Portuguesa do CSBI e realizar um estudo exploratório e inferencial a fim de verificar novas propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. MÉTODO: Participaram do processo de normatização e análise de confiabilidade 225 mães ou responsáveis por crianças de 3 a 11 anos de idade. Para os estudo de validade de critério do tipo concorrente, utilizou-se essa mesma amostra. Para a validade de construto do tipo discriminante, participaram 3 grupos de mães ou responsáveis por crianças de 2 a 12 anos de idade com Síndrome de Down (n=24), com Transtorno do Espectro Autista - TEA (n=30) e um controle (=30). Após aprovação do comitê de ética, aplicou-se os instrumentos da pesquisa. A análise dos dados foi realizada de forma descritiva e inferencial por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTADOS: O Alpha de Cronbach de toda a escala=0,79, da parte 1= 0,74 e o da parte 2=0,64. Com o método das duas metades (Spearman-Brown)=0,63 e com Guttman=0,62. A validade de critério do tipo concorrente revelou diferença entre 3 grupos etários, de 3 a 5 anos (X2= 55,33; gl= 22), de 6 a 8 anos (X2= 58,96; gl= 16) e de 9 a 11 anos (X2= 72,47; gl= 19) com p=0,000. A validade de construto do tipo discriminante com o Qui Quadrado não revelou diferença estatísticamente significativa entre as pontuações. A validade de construto do tipo convergente/divergente revelou que existe correlação nos TEA entre total do CSBI e Comunicação da VABS (r= -0,46), total do CSBI e Socialização da VABS (r= -0,43), total do CSBI e total da VABS (r= -0,47) com p<0,05. DISCUSSÃO: A consistência interna foi igual a da versão original, da holandesa e brasileira. As crianças mais novas não apresentaram escores mais altos que crianças mais velhas como em outros estudos. A ausência de diferenças entre as pontuações dos TEAs e controle diverge da literatura. Sujeitos TEA mais adaptados obtém menores escores no CSBI. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo atesta a confiabilidade da versão brasileira do CSBI, assim como identifica novas evidências de validade para o uso do instrumento no Brasil<br>INTRODUCTION: This study aims to standardize and seek new evidence of validity of the version in Portuguese of Brazil Language of the Child Sexuality Behavior Inventory - CSBI (Rossetti, 2012), in view of the need on the part of professionals working with children, resources for calculation of atypical sexual behavior, so that the assessment and intervention in this area of development are evidence-based practices. OBJECTIVE: Standardizing the version in Portuguese of CSBI and conduct an exploratory and inferential study in order to verify new psychometric properties of the instrument. METHOD: 225 mothers or guardians of children from 3 to 11 years old attended the process of standardization and reliability analysis. For the study of concurrent criterion validity type we used the same sample. The construct validity of the discriminant type study included three groups of mothers or guardians of children from 2 to 12 years old with Down Syndrome (n=24), Autistic Spectrum Disorder - ASD (n=30) and one control (n=30). After the approval by the ethics committee, the study applied the tools of research. The data analysis was descriptive and inferential through the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTS: The Cronbach\'s alpha statistic for all scale = 0.79, Part 1 = 0.74 and Part 2 = 0.64. The study used the method of the Split-Half (Spearman-Brown) and Guttman = 0.63 = 0.62. The criterion validity of the concurrent type showed difference between three age groups, 3-5 years (X2 = 55.33, df = 22), 6-8 years (X2 = 58.96, df = 16) and 9 to 11 years (X2 = 72.47, df = 19) p= 0.000. The construct validity of the discriminant type with Chi Square revealed no statistically significant difference between the scores. The construct validity of the convergent / divergent revealed a correlation between the TEA total CSBI and Communication VABS (r = -0.46), total CSBI and Socialization of VABS (r = -0.43), total CSBI total and VABS (r = -0.47) with p <0.05. DISCUSSION: The internal consistency was the same as the original Dutch and Brazilian versions. In other studies the younger children did not show higher scores than older children. The absence of differences between the scores of ASDs and control diverges from the literature. TEA subject more suited obtained lower scores in CSBI. CONCLUSION: This study attests to the reliability of the Brazilian version of CSBI, as well as identify new evidence of validity for the use of the instrument in Brazil

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2005.<br>Advisor: Dr. John Fenstermaker, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of English. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 19, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains v, 41 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

by Chan Shin Kwan, Meimei.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Appendix in Chinese.<br>ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.i<br>TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii<br>Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1<br>Chapter I. --- Life and Form --- p.2<br>Chapter 1. --- Lukacs and alienation<br>Chapter 2. --- Longing and Form<br>Chapter II. --- Generic Form --- p.7<br>Chapter III. --- Idea of the Child --- p.10<br>Chapter IV. --- Longing and Hong Kong Children's Literature --- p.13<br>Notes --- p.17<br>Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- "LONGING, HOME AND THE HISTORY OF CHILDREN'S LITERATURE IN HONG KONG" --- p.19<br>Chapter I. --- The Chinese Idea of the Child --- p.21<br>Chapter II. --- Before the Sixties: Hong Kong - Mainland Interaction --- p.25<br>Chapter 1. --- Modern Children Magazine and Hong Kong-Mainland Interaction before1949<br>Chapter 2. --- The Fifties and Sixties: Blooming of Children's Magazines and Textbooks<br>Chapter III. --- Rise of Local Consciousness and the Development of Children's Literature System in the Seventies --- p.33<br>Chapter 1. --- Identity Formation<br>Chapter 2. --- Institutional Discourse on Children<br>Chapter 3. --- Realism in Children's Literature<br>Chapter IV. --- The Eighties: Formation of a Modern Cultural Production System --- p.40<br>Chapter 1. --- Emergence of a Full-fledged Children Literary System<br>Chapter A. --- Formation<br>Chapter B. --- The Children's Books Publishing Industry<br>Chapter C. --- Dominance of the Market Force<br>Chapter 2. --- The 1997 Factor<br>Chapter V. --- Ambivalence in the Nineties --- p.47<br>Chapter 1. --- "June Fourth, Emigration Wave and Other Adverse Conditions"<br>Chapter 2. --- Changing Ideas of the Child and the Return to Childhood<br>Chapter VI. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.52<br>Notes --- p.54<br>Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- CHILDREN'S LITERATURE AS A GENRE --- p.59<br>Chapter I. --- Definitions of Children's Literature --- p.59<br>Chapter II. --- A Brief Review on the History of Children's Literature --- p.62<br>Chapter III. --- Aesthetics versus Pedagogy --- p.67<br>Chapter IV. --- "Dialogism, The Evaluation of Children's Literature" --- p.74<br>Notes --- p.80<br>Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- GENRE OF LONGING --- p.82<br>Chapter PART I --- Coming to Terms with Past Self -- Longing and Childhood Autobiography --- p.83<br>Chapter I. --- "Story, Text and Narration" --- p.84<br>Chapter II. --- Story on Death: Adults and Past Self in Me and Kissing --- p.85<br>Chapter III. --- "Dialogism, The Construction of Possible Worlds" --- p.92<br>Chapter 1. --- Possible Worlds and Children's Literature<br>Chapter 2. --- Credibility and Authenticity in Possible Worlds in Me and Kissing<br>Chapter 3. --- Construction of Subject Positions in Possible Worlds in Me and Kissing<br>Chapter IV. --- "Longing, Death, Childhood and Past Self" --- p.102<br>Notes --- p.104<br>Chapter PART II --- The Negotiation of Identity -- Short Story on Home --- p.106<br>Chapter I. --- "Longing, Home and Identity" --- p.106<br>Chapter 1. --- Longing and Home<br>Chapter 2. --- Hong Kong and Identity Crisis --- p.109<br>Chapter II. --- Home is What We Construct --- p.110<br>Chapter III. --- The Politics of Hope --- p.112<br>Notes --- p.116<br>Chapter Part III --- Longing For Utopia -- Social Criticism and Fables --- p.117<br>Chapter I. --- """Urban"" Fables" --- p.118<br>Chapter II. --- Intertextuality and Fables --- p.121<br>Chapter 1. --- Intertextuality and Establishment of New Values<br>Chapter 2. --- The Working of Intextuality: Scaffold and the Zone of Proximal Development<br>Chapter III. --- Dystopia and Utopia: The Collective and the Individual in A Nong's Fables --- p.127<br>Chapter IV. --- McMug and Dreams --- p.130<br>Chapter 1. --- Fantastic Urban Fables<br>Chapter 2. --- Intertextuality in McMug<br>Chapter 3. --- Longing and McDull<br>Chapter 4. --- A Dream in Ambivalence<br>Notes --- p.137<br>Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- CONCLUSION --- p.138<br>WORKS CONSULTED --- p.148<br>Chapter I. --- Primary Works<br>Chapter II. --- Secondary Sources --- p.152<br>Chapter III. --- Annotated Bibliography of Critical Works on Children's Literature --- p.170<br>APPENDIX

My mini-dissertation gives the autobiography of Talent Nyathi, who was born in rural Zimbabwe in 1961. Talent was unwillingly conscripted into the Zimbabwean Liberation Struggle. On her return to Zimbabwe, she has worked tirelessly for the education of her compatriots. Talent's story casts light on subject-formation in conditions of difficulty, suffering and victimization. Doubly oppressed by her race and gender, Talent has nevertheless shown a remarkable capacity for self-empowerment and the empowerment of others. Her story needs to be heard because it will inspire other women and other S/subjects and because it is a corrective to both the notions of a heroic Struggle and the `victim' stereotype of Africa. Together with Talent's autobiography, my mini-dissertation offers extensive notes that situate her life story in the context of contemporary postcolonial, literary and gender theory and further draws out the significance of her individual `history-from-below'.<br>English Studies<br>M.A.

Libraries facilitate access to information to the community in which they operate, offering products and services to the public, regardless of age, race, creed, gender or social status. In turn, librarians further the fundamental and inalienable mission to meet users’ information needs. While the right to access to information and the enjoyment of cultural property is guaranteed by international agreements, its exercise is affected by the law of copyright, generating tension of interests between rights holders and society. Copyright legislation affects many of the processes performed by libraries such as the services provided to the user, the conditions under which such access must be provided, and the role libraries can play in relation to conservation and preservation activities. This paper analyzes the laws of copyright in the United States of America, Spain, Chile and Argentina, in order to identify which library activities and processes are favored or restricted by such regulations. Finally, from this analysis, supporting evidence is given to substantiate the need to amend the Argentine legislation to incorporate those exceptions.

Contemporary Canadian prairie women poets write about the mother figure to counter maternal suppression and the homogenization of maternal representations in literature. Critics, like Marianne Hirsch and Andrea O’Reilly, insist that mothers tell their own stories, yet many mothers are unable to. Daughter and mother stories, Jo Malin argues, overlap. The mother “becomes a subject, or rather an ‘intersubject’” in the text (2). Literary depictions of daughter-mother or mother-child intersubjectivities, however, are not confined to auto/biographical or fictional narratives. As a genre and potential site for representing maternal subjectivities, poetry continues to reside on the margins of motherhood studies and literary criticism. In the following chapters, I examine the writing strategies of selected poets and their representations of mothers specific to three transformative occasions: mourning mother-loss, becoming a mother, and reclaiming a maternal lineage. Several daughter-poets adapt the elegy to remember their deceased mothers and to maintain a connection with them. In accord with Tanis MacDonald and Priscila Uppal, these poets resist closure and interrogate the past. Moreover, they counter maternal absence and preserve her subjectivity in their texts. Similarly, a number of mother-poets begin constructing their mother-child (self-other) relationship prior to childbirth. Drawing on Lisa Guenther’s notions of “birth as a gift of the feminine other” and welcoming the stranger (49), as well as Emily Jeremiah’s link between “‘maternal’ mutuality” and writing and reading practices (“Trouble” 13), I investigate poetic strategies for negotiating and engaging with the “other,” the unborn/newborn and the reader. Other poets explore and interweave bits of stories, memories, dreams and inklings into their own motherlines, an identification with their matrilineage. Poetic discourse(s) reveal the limits of language, but also attest to the benefits of extra-linguistic qualities that poetry provides. The poets I study here make room for the interplay of language and what lies beyond language, engaging the reader and augmenting perceptions of the maternal subject. They offer new ways of signifying maternal subjectivities and relationships, and therefore contribute to the ongoing research into the ever-changing relations among maternal and cultural ideologies, mothering and feminisms, and regional women’s literatures.<br>May 2016

South African schools provide an enormous challenge for transformation towards inclusive and caring communities of learners, facilitators and caregivers. This qualitative study conducted at a primary school used narrative pastoral therapy-as-research and participatory action research-as-therapy to develop inclusive and caring practices. Co-authoring conversations with learners and caregivers from a diverse cultural and religious traditions and collaborating with facilitators challenged me to develop pastoral care as political care. This paved a way for future transformation of a school as a multi-religious community of care and respect. I engaged with participants in finding alternative ways of dealing with loss due to death of loved ones or separartion from caregivers. Children with chronic illness challenged their experiences of rejection and marginalisation at school by writing and producing a play while those whose voices were silenced chose other ways to inform learners and facilitators about their illness.<br>Practical Theology<br>M. Th. (Practical Theology with specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)