Journal articles: 'Child care – New Zealand'

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Simmons, Darlene R. "Child Health Issues in New Zealand: An Overview." Journal of School Nursing 23, no. 3 (June 2007): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405070230030501.

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International travel can provide the unique opportunity to experience other cultures. For nurses, it can also provide a window through which different health care structures and services can be viewed. Many similarities and differences can be found between the country visited and the United States in terms of health issues, nursing education, roles, and responsibilities. This article explores a number of ways health services are provided to school-age children in New Zealand. Nearly 20% of New Zealand’s population are native Maori people. Not only is cultural sensitivity in health service delivery a priority, but the Maori people are guaranteed participation in health care decisions by law. School nurses in the United States can benefit from examining the models of care used by New Zealand nurses for managing the health care needs of school-age children.

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Bach, Katie, and David Manton. "Viewpoint: Early childhood caries: a New Zealand perspective." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 2 (2014): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14169.

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Dental caries, primarily a preventable disease, remains the most common chronic disease of childhood and one of the most common reasons for hospital admissions for children in New Zealand. The most vulnerable children are shouldering the burden of the disease, with Maori and Pacific children having greater experience and severity of dental caries. Early childhood caries has deleterious effects on a childs oral and general health and significant numbers of preschool-aged children experience pain and infection. Early identification by primary health care providers of children at high risk of developing early childhood caries can ensure these children are referred to the appropriate oral health services to receive appropriate and timely management. KEYWORDS: Dental care for children; dental caries; New Zealand; preschool child

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Muir, Roy C., Sheila M. Monaghan, Ruth J. Gilmore, John E. Clarkson, Terence J. Crooks, and Tony G. Egan. "Predicting Child Abuse and Neglect in New Zealand." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 23, no. 2 (June 1989): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678909062143.

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We describe the three stages of our attempt to predict parenting problems and child abuse antenatally. In the first stage, we made an intuitive check list of ten items from 173 risk factors drawn from the literature. The check list was useful in predicting who would relinquish care or have majorparenting difficulty in two different samples drawn four years apart and before and after some major sociocultural changes in New Zealand. In the second stage we used statistical techniques rather than intuition to maximise the predictive ability of the checklist and produced a new one of 9 items. In the third stage we validated the new list in a random sample of pregnant mothers. It was effective in predicting parenting difficulty In the 2 years after childbirth. We recommend it for routine use in a New Zealand setting. We do not know how useful the checklist will be in other cultural settings.

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Barraclough, Shanee J., and Anne B. Smith. "Do parents choose and value quality child care in New Zealand?" International Journal of Early Years Education 4, no. 1 (January 1996): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966976960040101.

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Taylor, Nicola. "Child Participation: Overcoming Disparity between New Zealand’s Family Court and Out-of-court Dispute Resolution Processes." International Journal of Children’s Rights 25, no. 3-4 (November 17, 2017): 658–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02503004.

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This article considers children’s right to participate in the context of private law disputes concerning their post-separation, day-to-day care and contact arrangements. In New Zealand the approach to ascertaining children’s views has been both long-standing and systematic for contested proceedings within the Family Court (via children’s legal representatives and judicial meetings with children). However, major reform of the family justice system in 2014 shifted the emphasis to new out-of-court processes for resolving post-separation parenting arrangements. The reforms were disappointingly silent on the issue of children’s participation in the new Family Dispute Resolution services, particularly mediation. A disparity has thus arisen between opportunities for children’s engagement in New Zealand’s in-court and out-of-court dispute resolution processes. Research evidence and international developments in Australia and England and Wales are reviewed for the guidance they can offer in remedying this in New Zealand and elsewhere.

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Jamieson, Lisa M., and Pauline I. Koopu. "Child use of dental services and receipt of dental care in New Zealand." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 43, no. 11 (November 2007): 732–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01168.x.

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Bland, Victoria, Mike Shepherd, Shanthi Ameratunga, Wayne Carter, Julie Chambers, Ian Hassall, Bridget Kool, Gay Richards, Pepe Sapolu-Reweti, and Stuart Dalziel. "Child and adolescent injury report card: New Zealand 2009." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 47, no. 11 (April 7, 2011): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02026.x.

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Gerritsen, Sarah, Clare Wall, and Susan Morton. "Child-care nutrition environments: results from a survey of policy and practice in New Zealand early childhood education services." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 9 (October 15, 2015): 1531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015002955.

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AbstractObjective:To describe nutrition environments in formal child care for 3- and 4-year-olds.Design:Cross-sectional online survey of nutrition-related child-care policy and practice. Written nutrition policies were analysed using the Wellness Child Care Assessment Tool.Setting:Licensed child-care services in the Auckland, Counties Manukau and Waikato regions of New Zealand.Subjects:Eight hundred and forty-seven services (private and community day care, kindergartens and playcentres).Results:Managers/head teachers of 257 child-care services completed the survey. Of services, 82·4 % had a written food, nutrition or wellness policy. Most policies did not refer to the national Food and Nutrition Guidelines and lacked directives for staff regarding recommended behaviours to promote healthy eating. Food was provided daily to children in 56·4 % of child-care services, including 33·5 % that provided lunch and at least two other meals/snacks every day. Teachers talked to children about food, and cooked with children, at least weekly in 60 % of child-care services. Nearly all services had an edible garden (89·5 %). Foods/beverages were sold for fundraising in the past 12 months by 37·2 % of services. The most commonly reported barrier to promoting nutrition was a lack of support from families (20·6 %).Conclusions:Although the majority of child-care services had a written nutrition policy, these were not comprehensive and contained weak statements that could be difficult to action. Foods served at celebrations and for fundraising were largely high in sugar, salt and/or saturated fat. Most services promoted some healthy eating behaviours but other widespread practices encouraged children to overeat or form unhealthy food preferences.

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Buchanan, Leo, and John Malcolm. "The challenge of providing child health care in the Indigenous population of New Zealand." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 46, no. 9 (September 20, 2010): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01838.x.

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Trout, Florence. "Health needs assessment and the ecology of care: a research note." Australian Health Review 24, no. 2 (2001): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah010194.

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A Health Needs Assessment project was undertaken in 1999 for The Royal New Zealand Plunket Society (Inc.),a voluntary community organisation that provides child and family health promotion to 50,000 new babieseach year nationwide. Specially qualified registered nurses, community workers and volunteers deliver theservice that includes home visiting as part of universal health care.

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Agnew, Robyn. "Reflections on the new Scottish innovative child protection system." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol27iss3id7.

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This paper reflects on my work in Scotland in child protection during 2009 and 2010. It reflects on the Scotland I discovered and The Highlands I worked in. It describes recent innovative political decisions that have informed social work practice across all professions and government departments. It describes the implementation of an essentially simple system, which provides support for every child in need, specific to that need. It is a system that could positively inform the further development of child protection in New Zealand. Given the current plan to seek ways to ‘modernise’ Child Youth and Family (CYF), this paper seeks to encourage a debate on the merits of this path-finding Scottish solution to their political, social, ethnic and professional barriers, which could also produce positive outcomes for children in New Zealand (Tolley, 2015). It describes the overlaying of this approach on top of a professional workforce, despite the silo bureaucracy of service delivery and regardless of professional jealousies protecting individual professions. It describes the responsibilities of all who interact with children and sets certain overlying responsibilities for ‘named’ persons. In this way the responsibilities for the protection of children is moved from the realm of the social work profession, which is overloaded, as it is currently in New Zealand, and applied directly to all professions that interact with children. The Scots have produced a reliable system which strengthens protective mechanisms at the point of service delivery to the child. This in turn develops a reliable and accountable protective society, in which children in need are identified early and supported throughout their contact with different services. The goal is an on-going intervention that can achieve change for the child and allow the child to reach their potential. It is an aspirational system of care, aiming for development of innate potential. I reflect on the system and the safety it provided to myself as a social worker, the relief of ‘sharing’ child protection responsibilities with all other professions and the clarity of roles which defines this system.

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Malcolm, Laurence, and Jane Bryson. "Decentralisation of General Management within the New Zealand Health System." Health Services Management Research 7, no. 4 (November 1994): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148489400700402.

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The radical organisation changes implemented in the New Zealand health system in recent years are discussed and analysed in this study which is based upon a review of documents and interviews with general managers of area health boards. Service management, which involves the decentralisation of general management to programme or product groupings (medicine, child health etc) has been widely implemented in almost all boards completely replacing the traditional disciplinary hierarchies. It is also leading to a population-rather than an institutional-based system of management. General managers report positively on the achievements of service management including greater accountability and commitment of clinical staff, innovation and team building, improved performance and service quality, the integration of hospital and community-based care and a customer rather than an occupational orientation. There is an increasing trend towards the recognition of primary health care as a key service entity.

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Romans-Clarkson, Sarah E., Valerie A. Walton, G. Peter Herbison, and Paul E. Mullen. "Alcohol-Related Problems in New Zealand Women." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 26, no. 2 (June 1992): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679209072025.

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As total alcohol consumption has increased this half century in most developed countries, alcohol-related problems have become more frequent. Most research has either studied only men or failed to mention gender. This study examined the prevalence of alcohol problems and their socio-demographic associations in a random sample of New Zealand women. Women of younger age, who were unmarried, well educated, in employment, with child care support and who lived in rural communities saw themselves as having more problems with alcohol. Women who had experienced physical or sexual abuse as adults had increased rates of alcohol problems as did those with more psychiatric morbidity as assessed by the General Health Questionnaire and the short Present State Examination. However, women with multiple social roles, particularly caring responsibilities, were less likely than women with one or two social roles to view themselves as having alcohol problems. The data provided no support for the role strain hypothesis of alcohol abuse. It is argued that the findings support a social explanation for alcohol problems based on varying social sanctions on drinking and alcohol availability rather than a psychoanalytic one of unconscious conflicts over femininity, sexuality or female social roles.

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Farquhar, Sarah‐Eve. "Assessing New Zealand child day care quality using the early childhood environment rating scale (1)." Early Child Development and Care 47, no. 1 (January 1989): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443890470105.

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Keddell, Emily. "Harm, care and babies: An inequalities and policy discourse perspective on recent child protection trends in Aotearoa New Zealand." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 31, no. 4 (December 22, 2019): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol31iss4id668.

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INTRODUCTION: Examining basic trends in child protection statistics give some insight into the functioning of the system overall.METHODS: This article uses Official Information Act and publicly available data to examine recent trends of children in contact with the Aotearoa New Zealand child protection system.It discusses these trends with reference to child protection policy reforms, and an inequalities perspective.FINDINGS: There has been an increase of children in care despite steady reductions in hospitalisations for physical abuse and possibly child deaths, accepted reports of concern, abuse substantiations and entries to care. The increase is caused by fewer children exiting care, particularly for children under 10 years old. There is a 33% increase in babies removed; this is regionalised and with more use of legal orders on unborn, as opposed to older babies. Disproportionality for Māori is increasing, while other groups remain stable or reduce. The use of kinship care has increased.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE OR POLICY: Changes in rates of contact with the child protection system reflect complex interactions between demand and supply of services, social inequalities, the policy context and practice logics. Changing decision-making at intake reflects tightening criteria to focus on only the highest risk families. However, “supply” policies that focus on early removal to permanency and early-intervention discourses may result in an increasein younger children entering care, and staying longer once they get there. “Demand” policies affecting preventive service provision, social protections and institutionalised bias may also be contributors. More research is needed to fully understand these patterns.

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Pullon, Susan, Ben Gray, Monika Steinmetz, and Claire Molineux. "Midwifery-led care embedded within primary care: consumer satisfaction with a model in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 4 (2014): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14319.

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INTRODUCTION: Providing quality maternity care for high-needs, socially deprived women from ethnic minority groups is challenging. Consumer satisfaction with maternity services is an important aspect of service evaluation for this group. This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using focus groups and interviews to gauge consumer satisfaction of maternity care by high-needs women, and to explore their perceptions of the Newtown Union Health Service (NUHS) model of a midwifery-led service embedded in primary care in Wellington, New Zealand (NZ). METHODS: Following a previous audit of consumer satisfaction surveys collected over a six-year period, a qualitative pilot study using a thematic analytic approach was conducted at the NUHS in late 2011. The study assessed use of focus groups and interviews, interpreted where necessary, and considered the experiences reported by women about the model of care. FINDINGS: Interviews and focus groups were successfully conducted with 11 women: two NZ European (individual interviews), six Cambodian (five in a focus group, one interview), and three Samoan (focus group). Using a thematic analytic approach, key themes identified from the focus group and interviews were: issues with survey form-filling; importance of accessibility and information; and relationships and communication with the midwifery team. CONCLUSION: Interviews and focus groups were well received, and indicated positive endorsement of the model of care. They also revealed some hitherto unknown concerns. Good quality feedback about satisfaction with a range of maternal and child health services helps service providers to provide the best possible start in life for children in high-needs families. KEYWORDS: Interprofessional; maternity care; New Zealand; patient care team; primary health care

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Dulieu,, Francie. "Shifting Identities: Uncovering Complexities of Psychosocial Aspects of Care for an Adolescent Child Dying at Home in Rural Aotearoa/New Zealand." International Journal of Human Caring 19, no. 4 (June 2015): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.19.4.73.

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This narrative integrates ontological and technical competencies, along with perceptions, thoughts, and emotions, thus illuminating the fragility of human-to-human relationships. It uncovers many psychosocial difficulties encountered when caring for an adolescent child at home in rural Aotearoa/New Zealand. Revealing Sophie’s “shifting identities” as she transitioned from well child, to sick child, to terminally ill child, I quietly observed Sophie’s parents and her brother, as they joined the difficult dance, stepping skillfully around her, witnessing turning points and transformations as they unfolded, along with the hard and often silent work of dying, as explored by Coyle (2006).

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Smith, Susan, and Debbie Sturmfels. "One Door: A unified approach for caregivers." Children Australia 35, no. 2 (2010): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200001061.

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New Zealand currently operates separate doors and different entry pathways for people wishing to adopt, foster or offer permanent care for a child. This presentation outlines the work now underway to develop a unified application, preparation, assessment, training and support system for applicants wishing to care for a child, whether by adoption, guardianship or as a transitional (foster) caregiver. Placing the child at the centre, One Door uses a framework comprised of six core attributes for parenting a child not born to you; safety; attachment; resilience; identity; integrity; and support. A challenge for the One Door design team will be the application of the model to the family/whänau caregiver whose entry into the care system is, in the main, through necessity not desire.

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Duncan, Judith. "“She's always been, what i would think, a perfect day-care child”: Constructing the subjectivities of a New Zealand child." European Early Childhood Education Research Journal 13, no. 2 (January 2005): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13502930585209671.

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Fernandez, Elizabeth, and Nicola Atwool. "Child protection and out of home care: Policy, practice, and research connections Australia and New Zealand." Psychosocial Intervention 22, no. 3 (December 2013): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5093/in2013a21.

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SWAIN, DAVID. "FAMILY GROUP CONFERENCES IN CHILD CARE AND PROTECTION AND IN YOUTH JUSTICE IN AOTEAROA/NEW ZEALAND." "International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family" 9, no. 2 (1995): 155–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/9.2.155.

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Duncan, Alan W. "The burden of paediatric intensive care: an Australian and New Zealand perspective." Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 6, no. 3 (September 2005): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2005.07.001.

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Fancourt, Nicholas, Nikki Turner, M. Innes Asher, and Tony Dowell. "Viewpoint: Primary health care funding for children under six years of age in New Zealand: why is this so hard?" Journal of Primary Health Care 2, no. 4 (2010): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc10338.

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The intention of this viewpoint article is to prompt discussion and debate about primary health care funding for children under the age of six. While New Zealand offers a superb natural environment for childhood, our child health outcomes continue to be poor, ranking lowest amongst 29 countries in a recent report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Since 1996, various funding arrangements have been introduced with the goal of achieving free primary health care for children under six years of age and nearly 80% of practices now offer care to this group without charge. Universal no cost or very low cost access for young children, however, remains elusive, particularly for after-hours care, and this is important given that at least one in five children lives in poverty. We are under no illusions about the complexity of primary care funding mechanisms and the challenges of supporting financially-sustainable systems of after-hours care. Good health care early in life, however, is a significant factor in producing a healthier and more productive adult population and improving access to primary care lessens the impact of childhood illness. We suggest that reducing cost barriers to primary care access for young children should remain an important target, and recent examples show that further reductions in cost for primary care visits for young children, including after-hours, is possible. Further funding is needed to make this widespread, in conjunction with innovative arrangements between funding authorities, primary care providers, and emergency departments. We encourage further debate on this topic with a view to resolving the question of whether the goal of free child health care for young children in New Zealand can be realised.

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Foster, Mandie, and Lisa Whitehead. "Using drawings to understand the child’s experience of child-centred care on admission to a paediatric high dependency unit." Journal of Child Health Care 23, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493518778389.

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Family- and child-centred care are philosophies of care used within paediatrics where the family and/or the child are central to healthcare delivery. This study explored the lived experience of hospitalized school-aged children admitted to a paediatric high dependency unit in New Zealand to gain insight into child-centred care from a child’s perspective. An interpretive thematic approach was used where the child was asked to draw a picture of ‘a person in the hospital’ that was further explored through interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim with an inductive thematic analysis completed, drawing on the child-centred care framework. Twenty-six school-aged children participated. The pictures included drawings of family, staff, children and themselves. The themes generated from the interviews were relationships with themselves, family and staff and psychosocial, emotional and physical support. Children described themselves as co-creators of their own healthcare experience, consistent with child-centred care, while drawing on the principles of family-centred care. Further exploration of the concepts of ‘participation versus protection’ and ‘child as becoming versus child as being’ will contribute to translation and integration of child-centred care and family-centred care principles into practice, theory, research and policy.

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Douglas, Heather, and Tamara Walsh. "Continuing the Stolen Generations: Child Protection Interventions and Indigenous People." International Journal of Children’s Rights 21, no. 1 (2013): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181812x639288.

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Indigenous Australian children are significantly over-represented in out of home care. Figures evidencing this over-representation continue to increase at a startling rate. Similar experiences have been identified among native peoples in Canada, the United States and New Zealand. Drawing on interviews with lawyers who work with Indigenous parents in child protection matters in Queensland, Australia, this article examines how historical factors, discriminatory approaches and legal structures and processes contribute to the high rates of removal and, we argue, to the perpetuation of the stolen generations.

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Garrett, Susan, Susan Pullon, Sonya Morgan, and Eileen McKinlay. "Collaborative care in ‘Youth One Stop Shops’ in New Zealand: Hidden, time-consuming, essential." Journal of Child Health Care 24, no. 2 (May 19, 2019): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493519847030.

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Young people in New Zealand have high morbidity but low service utilization rates. Dedicated youth services ‘Youth One Stop Shops’ provide ‘wraparound’ health and social care. However, little is understood about how staff within these services interact with each other or with external agencies to provide this specialist care. This article reports on volume and type of internal and inter-agency health and social service staff–staff interactions, to better understand elements of potential collaboration in day-to-day practice. An observational, case-study approach was utilized. Four dedicated youth services recorded data over three-month periods about a selected number of high-use clients. Youth service staff recorded all interactions with colleagues within their organization and staff from external services. A large volume of non-patient contact work was revealed, with a high proportion of ‘complex/involved’ interactions recorded. The range and diversity of external agencies with which youth service staff interacted with to meet the needs of young people was extensive and complex. The focus on ‘information sharing’ and ‘complex/involved’ interactions demonstrates a well-coordinated, wraparound service delivery model. Current funding formulae take inadequate account of the volume of non-patient contact work that youth services provide for high-needs young people.

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Cleveland, Gordon, and Susan Colley. "Integration of Child Care and Education in Canada: A Comparison with Sweden, New Zealand, England and Wales." International Journal of Early Childhood 45, no. 2 (July 3, 2013): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13158-013-0088-z.

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Gribben, Barry, Lesley Salkeld, Simon Hoare, and Hannah Jones. "The incidence of acute otitis media in New Zealand children under five years of age in the primary care setting." Journal of Primary Health Care 4, no. 3 (2012): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc12205.

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INTRODUCTION: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood infection. Baseline data are required to evaluate potential changes in the epidemiology of AOM with new public health measures. AIM: To estimate the incidence of AOM in children under five years of age in primary care in New Zealand. METHODS: Using a cohort study design, consultation notes from 1 November 2008 to 31 October 2009 from 63 primary care facilities were analysed for new and recurrent episodes of AOM, complications, antimicrobial use and outcome. RESULTS: There were 19 146 children in the sample. The raw incidence of AOM was 273 per 1000 children (27.3%; 95% CI 216330). Of the 3885 children, 2888 (74%) had one episode of AOM and 152 (4%) of these children developed recurrent AOM. Incidence declined with age. There was no difference in incidence between Maori, Pacific and Other ethnicities. Antibiotics were used to treat 2653 (51%) AOM episodes and 113 (4.3%) of these children re-presented within three days of antibiotic therapy for persistent symptoms. Tympanic membrane perforation was the only complication noted, observed in 62 (1%) episodes. DISCUSSION: These data indicate that AOM is an important and frequent childhood infection in New Zealand. The show a significant decline in the use of antibiotics to manage AOM in concordance with accepted best practice. The complication rate of AOM is likely under-represented. This study enables future research into the effectiveness of current and future immunisations and changing management practices in New Zealand. KEYWORDS: Otitis media; incidence; child, preschool; New Zealand, antibiotic

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Schoone, Adrian. "An Ekphrastic Review of Ilona Pappene Demecs and Evonne Miller's "Woven Narratives: A Craft Encounter with Tapestry Weaving in a Residential Ages Care Facility." Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18432/ari29457.

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The visual poem, “The loom,” is an ekphrastic response to Ilona Pappne Demecs’s article “Woven Narratives: A Craft Encounter with Tapestry Weaving in a Residential Ages Care Facility.” By drawing words and phrases from Demec’s article, the author wove a word tapestry, in a technique learnt from a child in a South Auckland primary school in New Zealand.

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Yung, M., A. Slater, M. Festa, G. Williams, S. Erickson, V. Pettila, J. Alexander, B. D. Howe, and L. S. Shekerdemian. "Pandemic H1N1 in Children Requiring Intensive Care in Australia and New Zealand During Winter 2009." PEDIATRICS 127, no. 1 (December 20, 2010): e156-e163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0801.

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Ban, Paul. "The Influence of Indigenous Perspectives of “Family” on some aspects of Australian & New Zealand Child Welfare Practice." Children Australia 18, no. 1 (1993): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003291.

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This article is written by a non indigenous person who has spent a number of years working with Torres Strait Islanders and is currently working in Victoria on a project that has its origins in Maori child care practice. The author has found that his work as a white social worker has been markedly influenced by contact with both Torres Strait Islander and Maori culture, and considers that this effect has been both positive and beneficial. White social workers for a number of years have been guilty of implementing an assimilationist policy where Governments treat indigenous people as though they are the same as white Australians. While this can be considered an equal treatment model, this policy and practice has been detrimental to the unique contribution indigenous people can provide to social work knowledge and understanding of child care practices. This article intends to share some insight into both these cultures and to hopefully influence readers to be more open when considering their dealings with indigenous people. Particular attention will be given to Torres Strait Islanders as they are indigenous Australians, with additional reference made to the influence of the Maoris in New Zealand.

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Schroder, Ria, Doug Sellman, Chris Frampton, and Daryle Deering. "Profile of Young People Attending Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services in Aotearoa, New Zealand: Clinical File Search." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 42, no. 11 (January 1, 2008): 963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670802415368.

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to provide a profile of young people attending alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment services in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Method: Data were gathered from a clinical file search of 184 randomly selected young people aged 13–19 years who had attended one of eight youth AOD treatment services in New Zealand during 2003 or 2004. These services represented eight of the 11 youth-specific AOD services available to youth in New Zealand. Results: Young people who attend youth-specific AOD services in New Zealand present with a range of complex needs including substance use and mental health issues, criminality, family conflict and disengagement from school. A total of 62.0% were male, 56.4% had criminal convictions, 40.6% had spent some time in Child, Youth and Family Services care and 53.8% were reported to have a coexisting substance use and mental health disorder. Low rates of reporting of substance use and mental health diagnoses in treatment files suggest that substance use and mental health disorders among this population are likely to be higher than those reported. Conclusions: This paper provides a unique profile of young people attending youth-specific AOD treatments in New Zealand. Such information is useful in informing treatment planning and funding and ensuring that service development occurs to specifically meet the complex needs of this patient group.

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Ford, Margot. "Language Nests in New Zealand. Implications for the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Context." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 24, no. 2 (1996): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100002416.

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In the past ten years there has been an increasing interest in early childhood education in Aboriginal communities, particularly for 4-year-olds and under. The reasons for this are varied. One of the main reasons is the existence of the Community Development Employment Project (CDEP) where Aboriginal people in remote communities receive the equivalent of the unemployment benefit in exchange for work and training, usually four hours per day for five days. Other larger communities, for example Yuendemu or Maningrida in the Northern Territory, have considerable numbers of people studying, often at Batchelor College, and therefore some type of support is needed to take care of their young children. Increasingly Aboriginal people are taking on professional jobs in communities — teachers, health care workers and office administrators. All these factors are leading to a need to re-evaluate traditional forms of child care, which in these changing times is putting an unacceptable burden on older women and the extended family generally. Other pertinent reasons are the need for a more cohesive strategy to pass on cultural knowledge, to support language maintenance and language revival and support very young mothers who need the support of older women with more experience.

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Atwool, Nicola. "Participation in Decision-making: The Experience of New Zealand Children in Care." Child Care in Practice 12, no. 3 (July 2006): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13575270600761727.

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Fisher, Rick, and Trudy Hutton-Baas. "Supporting grandparent/grandchild contact under the Care of Children Act 2004: an assessment of current options, and a call for change." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 29, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol29iss3id301.

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INTRODUCTION: The Care of Children Act 2004 reformed the law of child guardianship in Aotearoa New Zealand. However, it did not result in any special legal standing for grandparents seeking contact with their grandchildren, so as to ensure their continued presence in a grandchild’s life following a relationship breakdown, or where contact is resisted.METHODS: Non-doctrinal policy law research methods were used to analyse policies that were relied upon during the law’s promulgation, impacts of the law since its enactment, and associated issues that have arisen in its application by practitioners. Litigation to date involving grandparental rights of contact was studied, using Lexis Nexis Westlaw New Zealand, including its family law suite of searchable databases.FINDINGS: The research revealed a number of processes available under the Care of Children Act and associated family law legislation which may be helpful to grandparents who seek contact with grandchildren. However, none of them resolve the central issue of lack of legal standing, which continues to be an important impediment for grandparents who seek assurance of continuing contact with their grandchildren following family breakdown.CONCLUSIONS: Examples of law changes which have occurred in other jurisdictions, notably Canada, are offered in support of reform of the Care of Children Act, which would bring Aotearoa New Zealand more in line with other, more progressive countries in its treatment of grandparent/grandchild relationships.

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Trevathan, Sophie, and Lynne Briggs. "Will prohibiting the use of physical punishment reduce child abuse deaths among New Zealand children?" Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 21, no. 1-2 (July 17, 2017): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol21iss1-2id309.

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The Amendment Act (Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act, 2007) came into force on 22 June 2007. The changes in the Act amended the right of parents to use force by way of correction toward a child. The purpose of this amendment was to provide children with a safer and more secure environment to live in that is free from violence. Such a move also has the potential to provide a clearer mandate for social workers in regard to issues of child safety. While planned, reviews to determine how effective the amendment has been have not yet been undertaken.This paper presents some key findings from a larger study exploring the issue of child abuse deaths in New Zealand. In doing so a comparison of legislation and policy between New Zealand and Sweden is presented. Sweden was used as the main focus for this comparison as it introduced a ban on use of corporal punishment of children in 1979.

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Bridge, Caroline. "Changing the nature of adoption: law reform in England and New Zealand." Legal Studies 13, no. 1 (March 1993): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1993.tb00475.x.

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In both England and Wales and New Zealand adoption law is under review. A series of discussion papers followed by a Report to Ministers has been published in this country, while New Zealand has published an interim proposal for amendment ofexisting legislation prior to a later full review The time is right therefore, to consider and compare the basis upon which adoption law reform is proceeding. The opportunity to question the nature of adoption as a legal construct and examine the particular patterns offamily morality that it promotes is timely. Equally, it is timely to re-assess the philosophical underpinning of the Adoption Act 1976 in light of the particular ideology imported into family law in England and Wales by the Children Act 1989. The Act stresses the durability of parenthood and establishes the concept of parental responsibility which survives both divorce and a child care order. While containing points of confluence with adoption law, the new ideology nonetheless clashes with the existing concept of adoption in certain fundamental ways.

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Wen, Sophie Chien-Hui, Fiona Miles, Brent McSharry, and Elizabeth Wilson. "Varicella in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit: 10-year review from Starship Children's Hospital, New Zealand." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 50, no. 4 (December 23, 2013): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12473.

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Romans-Clarkson, Sarah E., Valerie A. Walton, G. Peter Herbison, and Paul E. Mullen. "Psychiatric Morbidity among Women in Urban and Rural New Zealand: Psycho-social Correlates." British Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 1 (January 1990): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.156.1.84.

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A random community survey into psychiatric disorder among women in urban and rural New Zealand found urban women to be more often at age extremes, not married, better educated, in more paid employment, and to have better household and child-care facilities. There were no overall urban–rural differences in the GHQ-28 score, total PSE score or PSE case rates. A multiple regression found the same three factors accounted for most of the explained variance in both the urban and the rural total PSE scores: these were the quality of social networks, difficulties with alcohol, and the past experience of childhood sexual abuse. Low socioeconomic status, poor physical health, and adult experiences of sexual and physical abuse were also associated with increased psychiatric morbidity in both samples. Other individual sociodemographic items were correlated with psychiatric morbidity for the urban or rural sample only.

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Makarenko, M. V., D. A. Govseev, I. V. Sokol, V. O. Berestovoy, and R. N. Vorona. "Пологовий центр – нова ланка акушерської допомоги в Україні." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(133) (September 30, 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.133.17.

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In this article, data on the analysis of literature on the perinatal and maternal aspects of the domestic labor and delivery in maternity wards are conducted. For most women in developed countries, the choice of place of birth is maternity cultural norm. However, to give birth in a maternity room is a relatively recent phenomenon. In many countries, the change in birthplace has changed during the twentieth century. For example, in the UK, 80% of women were born in the 1920s, and in 2011, only 2.3%. The United States had a similar shift from 50% of births at home in 1938, to 1% in 1955. In developed countries such as Great Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Italy, Israel, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and in our geographical neighbors Latvia, Hungary and Poland have long been working on a three-step system of providing maternity care. This system includes: 1) Maternity Hospital – for women of high and moderate risk; 2) maternity centers in or near the hospitals, in which only the midwives receive births, and, if necessary, the woman and the child are quickly delivered to the hospital, where they will be in urgent assistance within a few minutes; 3) home births – for women from a low-risk group, accompanied by experienced certified midwives. The creation of a new obstetric link in Ukraine, the maternity center, is a promising direction for the development of all obstetrics. On the basis of Kyiv City Maternity Hospital № 5 a separate maternity center was created, which is an autonomous maternity ward office. The department has separate medical staff and maternity rooms as close as possible to home conditions. Emergency care for a mother and child takes several minutes. Key words: home birth, maternity center, perinatal aspects, maternal aspects.

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Dixon, Lesley, Eva Neely, Alison Eddy, Briony Raven, and Carol Bartle. "Maternal socio-economic disadvantage in Aotearoa New Zealand and the impact on midwifery care." New Zealand College of Midwives Journal 56 (December 1, 2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12784/nzcomjnl56.2020.4.26-34.

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Background: Maternal socio-economic disadvantage affects the short- and long-term health of women and their babies, with pregnancy being a particularly vulnerable time. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the key factors that relate to poverty for women during pregnancy and childbirth (as identified by midwives), the effects on women during maternity care and the subsequent impact on the midwives providing that care. Method: Survey methodology was used to identify Aotearoa New Zealand midwives’ experiences of working with women living with socio-economic disadvantage. Findings: A total of 436 midwives (16.3%) who were members of the New Zealand College of Midwives responded to the survey, with 55% working in the community as Lead Maternity Care midwives, or caseloading midwives, and the remainder mostly working in maternity facilities. The survey results found that 70% of the cohort of midwives had worked with women living with whānau (family) /friends; 69% with women who had moved house during pregnancy due to the unaffordability of housing; 66% with women who lived in overcrowded homes; and 56.6% with women who lived in emergency housing, in garages (31.6%), in cars (16.5%) or on the streets (11%). The cohort of midwives identified that women’s non-attendance of appointments was due to lack of transport and lack of money for phones, resulting in a limited ability to communicate. In these circumstances these midwives reported going to women’s homes to provide midwifery care to optimise the chances of making contact. The midwives reported needing to spend more time than usual referring and liaising with other services and agencies, to ensure that the woman and her baby/ family had the necessities of life and health. This cohort of midwives identified that women’s insufficient income meant that midwives needed to find ways to support them to access prescriptions and transport for hospital appointments. The midwives also indicated there was a range of social issues, such as family violence, drugs, alcohol, and care and protection concerns, that directly affected their work. Conclusion: Recognising the impact of socio-economic disadvantage on maternal health and wellbeing is important to improving both maternal and child health. This cohort of midwives identified that they are frequently working with women living with disadvantage; they see the reality of women’s lives and the difficulties and issues they may face in relation to accessing physical and social support during childbirth.

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Shepherd, Mike, Bridget Kool, Shanthi Ameratunga, Victoria Bland, Ian Hassall, Julie Chambers, Wayne Carter, and Stuart Dalziel. "Preventing child unintentional injury deaths: prioritising the response to the New Zealand Child and Adolescent Injury Report Card." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37, no. 5 (September 5, 2013): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12101.

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O'Connor, Daniel W., David M. Clarke, and Ian Presnell. "How is Psychiatry Taught to Australian and New Zealand Medical Students?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 1 (February 1999): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00512.x.

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Objective: This study aimed to describe the amount, format and content of psychiatry teaching programs in all 12 Australian and New Zealand medical schools. Method: A structured questionnaire which included definitions and coding instructions was completed by class coordinators for the years of 1995 or 1996. Missing and inconsistent data were checked by coordinators and results were confirmed by heads of department. Results: Most departments of psychiatry taught throughout the undergraduate course. Only three made no contribution to pre-clinical teaching. The time devoted to clinical tuition ranged from 279 to 454 h per university with a mean of 353 h. Clinical attachments occupied most time (mean = 70%), followed by small group teaching (mean = 19%) and lectures (mean = 11%). Medical schools varied greatly in the attention given to history taking and mental state examination, psychological therapies and the sub-specialties of child and aged psychiatry. Clinical attachments were mostly to adult inpatient units. Private psychiatric hospitals and clinics were used infrequently as were consultation-liaison psychiatry services and primary care. Conclusion: There is a need to broaden the clinical experience of students to better equip them for future medical practice. There appears to be a serious mis-match between the settings in which most students are taught and the settings in which most will work later as non-psychiatric practitioners. It was disappointing that psychological therapies received so little attention given the central place of counselling in modern medical practice.

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Straney, Lahn, Archie Clements, Jan Alexander, and Anthony Slater. "Variation in duration of respiratory support among Australian and New Zealand pediatric intensive care units*." Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 12, no. 1 (January 2011): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0b013e3181dbe90a.

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Chinnery, Shirley Ann, and Jill Worrall. "Rocking the Cradle or the Boat? Assessing Grandparent Partner Relationships." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 98, no. 2 (April 2017): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2017.98.21.

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Kinship care is increasingly a first option for children in need of protection across all international child welfare jurisdictions, and predominantly grandparents assume this responsibility (Winokur, Holtan, & Valentine, 2009). A New Zealand study of grandparent caregivers found that a number of their marital relationships were disrupted following grandchild placement (Worrall, 2009). Relational crises of this nature have been previously little discussed in kinship literature. The emotional quality of couple connections affects care provision. Drawing on attachment theory, this article argues that the grandparent couple's relationship must be a key focus of practitioners' preplacement assessments and highlights five domains of relational functioning and four reliable measures for assessing these qualities.

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Staniforth, Barbara, and Elizabeth Beddoe. "Five years in the news: A media analysis of Child, Youth and Family in two daily newspapers (2008–2012)." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 29, no. 4 (December 2, 2017): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol29iss4id382.

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INTRODUCTION: This article describes a subset of data relating to the term “Child Youth and Family” from a media analysis of two major Aotearoa New Zealand newspapers from 2008 to 2012 and reports on the major themes emerging from a qualitative analysis of these articles.METHODS: A search was conducted within the online versions of the New Zealand Herald and the Otago Daily Times for the years 2008 to 2012 on the search terms: “social work,” “social worker” and “child youth and family.” A qualitative thematic analysis of 1,512 articles within the data set “child youth and family” was conducted.FINDINGS: Child Youth and Family (CYF) content overwhelmingly made up the largest sub-set of the data and within that subset, the reporting was principally related to crime and abuse. Social workers were seen mainly as receivers of referrals and of removing children and placing them in “care.” There was little mention of intervention or treatment. There were many reports of the ways things went badly in the process, and at those times social workers were reportedly at the forefront. CONCLUSION: The CYF content presents a limited view of social work, with potential implications for the scope of social work practice being limited to removal of children, and a reduction in the acknowledgement of the wider scope of treatment and intervention. There is also an emphasis on criticism of social workers when children are the victims of violence that occurs within a wider socio-political context.

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Hassall, Ian. "The Children Young Persons and their Families Act 1989." Children Australia 17, no. 4 (1992): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200012645.

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Since November 1989 New Zealand has had new statutory care and protection and youth justice procedures. They differ substantially from the procedures under the old 1974 act. For the majority of cases, the disposition of the child, services provided and, in the case of offending, any penalties or restitution imposed are now the responsibility of the family rather than the Court.This responsibility is exercised through a new official process called the Family Group Conference, at which the State is represented but in which the decision-making power is expected to rest largely with the family. Only if this fails or if the offence falls into the most serious of categories is the matter passed to the Court. A new group of officials has been created to co-ordinate the process. They are known as Youth Justice and Care and Protection Co-ordinators.

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Nosa, Vili, Dudley Gentles, Marewa Glover, Robert Scragg, Judith McCool, and Chris Bullen. "Prevalence and risk factors for tobacco smoking among pre-adolescent Pacific children in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 3 (2014): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14181.

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INTRODUCTION: Pacific New Zealanders have a high prevalence of smoking, with many first smoking in their pre-adolescent years. AIM: To identify risk factors for tobacco smoking among Pacific pre-adolescent intermediate school children. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 2208 Pacific students aged between 10 and 13 years from four South Auckland intermediate schools who were asked about their smoking behaviour between the years 2007 and 2009. RESULTS: The prevalence of Pacific ever-smokers (for 2007) in Year 7 was 15.0% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 12.0%18.3%) and Year 8, 23.0% (95% CI 19.5%26.7%). Multivariate modelling showed the risk factors for ever-smoking were Cook Island ethnic group (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.262.36, ref=Samoan), boys (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.141.89), age (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.362.00), exposure to smoking in a car within the previous seven days (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.673.01), anyone smoking at home within the previous seven days (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.122.04) and receiving more than $NZ20 per week as pocket money/allowance (OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.232.96). DISCUSSION: Parents control and therefore can modify identified risk factors for Pacific childrens smoking initiation: exposure to smoking at home or in the car and the amount of weekly pocket money the child receives. Primary health care professionals should advise Pacific parents to make their homes and cars smokefree and to monitor their childrens spending. This study also suggests a particular need for specific Cook Island smokefree promotion and cessation resources. KEYWORDS: Adolescent; child; ethnic group; New Zealand; Pacific; smoking

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Marino, L. V., K. L. Bell, J. Woodgate, and A. Doolan. "An international survey of the nutrition management of chylothorax: a time for change." Cardiology in the Young 29, no. 09 (September 2019): 1127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951119001525.

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AbstractIntroduction:Although chylothorax is an uncommon complication following paediatric cardiothoracic surgery, it has significant associated morbidities and increased in-hospital mortality, as well as results in higher costs. A lack of prospective evidence or consensus guidelines for management of chylothorax further hinders optimal management. The aim of this survey was to characterise variations in practice in the management of chylothorax and to identify areas for future research.Materials and methods:A descriptive, observational survey investigating conservative management practices of chylothorax was distributed internationally to health-care professionals in paediatric intensive care and cardiology units. The survey investigated five domains: the first providing general information about health-care professionals and four domains focusing on clinical practice including diet composition and duration.Results:In total, sixty-four health-care professionals completed the survey, representing 38 organisations from 16 countries. The respondents were dietitians (80%), physicians (19%), and nurses (1%). In Australia and New Zealand, management was most commonly directed by physicians’ preference (67%) as compared to unit protocols in Europe (67%), United States of America (67%), and Other regions (55%). Dietitians in Australia/New Zealand, United Kingdom, and Ireland followed the most restrictive diet therapy recommending <5 g long chain triglyceride fat per day (p < 0.00001). The duration of diet therapy significantly varied between regions: Australia/New Zealand: 4 weeks (36%) and 6 weeks (43%); Europe: 4 weeks (25%) and 6 weeks (57%); and North America: 4 weeks (18%) and 6 weeks (75%) (p < 0.00001).Conclusions:This survey highlights international variations in practice in the management of chylothorax, particularly with respect to treatment duration and dietary fat restriction. Future research should include a multi-centre randomised controlled trial to inform evidence-based practice and reduce morbidity, particularly poor growth.

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Ludbrook, Robert. "Juvenile Justice - New Zealand’s Family Oriented Approach." Children Australia 17, no. 4 (1992): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200012657.

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Our perceptions of children tend to vacillate between a romanticised view of them as young innocents whose unacceptable behaviour should be excused because of their youth, immaturity and impressionability and the contrasting view that they are uncivilised barbarians who, for their own good, must be treated firmly, even severely, so they may leam to distinguish right from wrong and to behave properly.The ‘child correction’ approach was favoured by the early British settlers in Aotearoa New Zealand. Soon after colonisation there were moves to establish child reformatories on the English model and children were often more harshly treated than adults. It was accepted that the most effective way of correcting children was to hit them with a cane or a whip. Some early observers noted the warmth and affection with which the indigenous Maori people treated their children and contrasted this with the stern and strict attitudes of the Anglo-Saxon colonisers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Child care – New Zealand'

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