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Metzler, Mutsumi, and Patricia S. Coffey. "Using Consumer Data to Inform Marketing Strategies for Chlorhexidine for Umbilical Cord Care Programming in Kenya and Nigeria." Social Marketing Quarterly 24, no. 4 (October 7, 2018): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500418797296.
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Introduction: To date, distribution and communication channels being used at the country level for the introduction of 7.1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) for umbilical cord care have been selected based on experience and knowledge gained through other public health programs rather than using results from targeted consumer research related to the 4Ps of social marketing (product, place, price, and promotion). Objective: To identify effective place and pricing strategies for the introduction of CHX in Nigeria and Kenya. Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study of potential consumers in two countries. Method: Data were collected from women who (i) were currently pregnant and had birthed a child previously or (ii) had delivered an infant within the past 3 months through face-to-face household interviews using structured questionnaires in four states in Nigeria ( n = 319) and four regions in Kenya ( n = 604). Results: The use of cord care substances, timing of use, product channels and prices that women pay for them, and preferences related to CHX are highlighted. Conclusions: Country-specific and audience data related to the 4Ps should be used to develop context-specific strategies that address the preferences of women. For example, in Nigeria, using retailers to distribute CHX would be a reasonable strategy, whereas in Kenya, use of retailers would be better as an augmentative strategy. Differentiating CHX from existing cord care substances, especially methylated spirits, is important for both countries. In Kenya, the strategy should articulate the benefits of CHX compared to dry cord care in areas of suboptimal hygienic conditions. In both countries, pricing CHX slightly lower than methylated spirits may be the optimal pricing strategy, given that the perceived value/benefits of the two products are similar.
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Joseph, Chinedu Hilary, Henrietta Ijeoma Alika, Anikelechi Ijeoma Genevieve, and T. D. Thobejane. "COVID-19, Norms, and Discrimination against Female Gender in Nigeria: Focus on Implications for Mental Health Counselling." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.01.3.
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The COVID-19 outbreak is inflicting different societies of the world with an untold and unprecedented hardship. However, the extent of impacts is bound to differ across groups, gender, economies, and countries. Given how the pandemic affects particular groups, this paper focuses on girls/young women and how Covid-19 may further strengthen gender norms and discriminations as risk factors of their mental health. In some societies, right from birth, the life experiences of the female child differ from the male child. At every stage of development, girls are more likely than boys to confront a host of challenges associated with discrimination and norms, which are gender-based. With the effects of the current pandemic evident in reduced access to health care, education, teenage pregnancy, and being vulnerable, young women and girls are more at the receiving end of their impacts. These stand as hindrances to the girl child's mental health because they tend to constitute anxiety, depression, self-harm, or even suicide and weakens her will power to make proper adjustment to life issues. This paper concludes that given that the impacts of COVID-19 are not gender-blind (affecting both genders), therefore the designing policy responses to the current pandemic should not be either. As we all continue to face this overwhelming Covid-19 pandemic, the study recommends that the vulnerable (especially girls and young women) should not be neglected or ignored. This is possible by not forgetting the inequalities that may worsen the conditions of girls because of the crisis.
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Larson, H. Elliott. "More Than the Pandemic." Christian Journal for Global Health 7, no. 5 (December 18, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.493.
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It is fitting for this issue of the Christian Journal for Global Health to come to you just before Christmas. We remember the birth of the Christ child, God with us. God with us not just in the ordinariness of human life, but in the calamities, defeats, and suffering entailed in that ordinariness. The coronavirus pandemic, as well as myriad of other human afflictions, is a reminder of those aspects of life. Surely the greatest spiritual lesson of the pandemic is that we are not the masters of our own destiny. The pandemic is a rebuke to the hubris of our age – that human knowledge is the remedy for all ills. Responses to the pandemic have exposed the fissures in our societies as well. While the healthcare community has responded heroically to the challenges, churches have served as a much-needed solace and source of health information, as well as, at times, sources of spread. Some who consider faith non-essential and are antagonistic to it have proposed severe restrictions to much-needed fellowship.
In the providence of God, we are able to rejoice at the arrival of effective vaccines to prevent SARS CoV-2 infection, the world-wide calamity that has dogged us for nearly an entire year. The vaccines come out-of-time, as it were, having been developed, produced, and tested with a speed that is astonishing. Hopefully, they will enable this devastating infectious disease to be put behind us. If that proves to be possible, it is salutary to ponder what is able to be anticipated and to appreciate the perspicacity of someone like Dr. Jono Quick, whose book, The End of Epidemics, foresaw in 2018 what came to pass in 2020. For additional insights, we are pleased to feature in this issue a guest editorial by Dr. Quick which surveys some of the challenges that the release, use, and equitable global distribution of the vaccines hold for us, as well as the Christian responsibility to follow the data for both individualized whole-person care and community care as acts of love for our global neighbor.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted systemic vulnerabilities, health inequities, and the ongoing diseases and conditions that continue to threaten individuals and populations. The response to the pandemic has affected the global economy and exacerbated hunger and extreme poverty. Progress in global health to control the remaining poliovirus, HIV, malaria and tuberculosis has also been tragically impaired due to the pandemic.1
Two original articles describe efforts to evaluate health needs for chronically impoverished villages and then to train Christian health workers in the ways to most effectively service those needs. Claudia Bale reports that the results of surveying Guatemalan villages for health needs and barriers to health produced a variety of themes that provided guidance for the organizations seeking to meet these needs. Sneha Kirubakaran and colleagues evaluated a short course in global health from Australia that sought to prepare Christian health workers for international service.
This issue features three reviews. Samuel Adu-Gyamfi and his colleagues from Ghana completed an extensive systematic review of the role of missions in Sub-Saharan Africa, finding that although the scope of work changed over time, the aim of sharing the gospel motivated work in a broad scope of activities in development, education, and healthcare which continues to be relevant. Omololu Fagunwa from Nigeria provides a history lesson based on original source documents on how the 1918 influenza pandemic affected the growth of Pentecostalism in Africa. Alexander Miles, Matthew Reeve, and Nathan Grills from University of Melbourne completed a systematic literature review showing evidence of the significant effectiveness of community health workers in dealing with non-communicable diseases in India.
Two commentaries offer fresh approaches to persisting healthcare issues. Richard Thomas and Niels French describe the population health model and explain how it is particularly suited to a role in the future for mission hospitals and to address a variety of global health concerns. Melody Oereke, Kenneth David, and Ezeofor Onyedikachukwu from Nigeria offer their thoughts on how Christian pharmacists can employ a model for prayer, faith, and action in their professional calling. The coronavirus pandemic has required healthcare and aid organizations to come up with creative solutions to completely novel circumstances if they were to be able to continue their ministries. Daryn Joy Go and her colleagues from International Care Ministries describe their employment of social networking technologies in the Philippines to continue their work in extreme poverty alleviation as well as spiritual nourishment despite lockdown conditions and severe limitations on travel and communication.
Finally, Pieter Nijssen reviews Creating Shared Resilience: The Role of the church in a Hopeful Future, by David Boan and Josh Ayers. In our world of short-term gain and short attention spans, resilience is a commodity in tragically short supply. Pastor Nijssen’s discussion helpfully expands on an ongoing discussion of how faith and justice must be integrated in any faithful gospel ministry and how this, itself, promotes resilience in the face of crises.
We call our readers’ attentions to our current call for papers, Environmental Concern and Global Health. Our stewardship of the earth and its resources was part of God’s first command to Adam and Eve and an important aspect of human flourishing throughout the Bible. That stewardship has implications for global health that deserve study and explanation. Click on the link to the call for a list of the subjects we hope to see in submissions on this topic and many others within the unique and broad scope of the journal.
During this season of both widespread challenge and enduring hope, we pray for peace on earth, and good will to all people.
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Agbo, Maria Charity. "Child Rape in Nigeria, Implications on the Education of the Child." Children and Teenagers 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ct.v2n1p13.
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<em>The purpose of this study was to investigate child rape in Nigeria, its implications on the education of the child. Descriptive survey design was adopted. Three research questions guided the study. The population of the study was all the young parents in Nigeria whose female children are between 0-12 years old. Disproportionate random sampling was used to select 100 respondents each from 8 states out of 36 states in the country, making it 800 respondents. Structured questionnaire and interview were used to collect data from the respondents. Frequency, percentage and rank order were used to analyze the data collected for research question one. Mean, standard deviations and rank order were used to analyze data for research questions two and three. The findings revealed a high prevalence of child rape in Nigeria. The findings also identified in rank order; lack of reports on rape cases, mishandling of rape cases, child labour, children being left alone without care, men raping children for ritual purposes, indecent dressing as the causes of child rape. According to the findings, the effects of child rape in rank order include; emotional traumas, social stigma, sexual transmitted infections, termination of child’ life, low academic performance, physical pains and injuries, school dropout, poor attendance to school. Recommendations and implications were also made.</em>
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Adedoyin, Michael A., and Susan J. Watts. "Child health and child care in Okelele: An indigenous area of the city of Ilorin, Nigeria." Social Science & Medicine 29, no. 12 (January 1989): 1333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(89)90233-5.
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Akporehe, Dorah A., and Mary A. Uviovo. "Innovations for Attaining Sustainable Development Goal: Persisting in Schools in Nigeria." Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0092.
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The study was carried out to determine challenges of girl child education as regards persistence in secondary education as well as determine innovations that will help to prevent this act in Delta state public secondary schools. It is an expose facto design that employed survey method to obtain the data. The population of the study consisted of 14,877 public secondary teachers in Delta state. The sampling technique adopted was the cluster and random sampling using balloting system. A total number of 744teachers were sampled to form the sample size. The instrument utilized was the Innovation for Attaining Girl Child Persisting in School Questionnaire (IAGCPSQ). Analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics of mean rating, standard deviation. The hypotheses were tested using t- test. The study found the most outstanding challenges of school persistence and the most crucial innovation aimed at encouraging girl child in school. Based on the findings, it was recommended that abrogation of cultural barriers that inhibit girl child education be made, orientating girl child towards the value of education, making school environment friendly to girl child learning, improving living conditions of families amongst others. Received: 19 March 2021 / Accepted: 5 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
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Okpala, Pat U., Chinwendu L. Okoye, Florence O. Adeyemo, Peace N. Iheanacho, Anthonia C. Emesonwu, Eunice O. Osuala, and Ikenna G. Okpala. "Utilization of maternal and child health services in Enugu, South East, Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 3228. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193124.
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Background: Nigeria continues to have one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in the world at 814 deaths per 100,000 live births despite several efforts. Various factors can influence appropriate utilization of services during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. This study examined the perceived factors that influence the utilization of maternal and child-health services among mothers in Enugu, South-East Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The study population of 323 pregnant women was determined using the Power Analysis formula. The instrument used for data collection was a self-developed questionnaire. Demographic information of the women was also obtained for the study. The analysis was done with the software statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16.0. Study period was from April 2016 to August 2016.Results: There was high antenatal clinic attendance (93.1%) and utilization of postnatal care services (93.1%). Also, the major factors that influenced the utilization of maternal and child health services were professionally defined needs, accessibility of health care services and economic status.Conclusions: There was high utilization of maternal and child health care services which was influenced by some factors. There is a need for nurses and other health workers to be actively engaged in educating mothers during antenatal visits. Sustainable financial subsidies and community-based initiatives should be developed to encourage early antenatal clinic visits and to provide the necessary information on the importance of facility-based antenatal and postnatal care.
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Femi, Tinuola. "The challenges of girl-child education and alternative jobs in Nigeria." Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 2, no. 1 (2011): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2011.01.04.
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Real life experiences indicate that the current Global Economic Crisis (GEC) have worsened the state of Nigerian-girl-child. This study examines the effects of GEC on the education of girl-child and engagement in alternative jobs. Data were obtained from 1200 female children between 6–14 years selected on purposive random sampling-technique engaged in hawking from three States in Nigeria. About 20 selected parents went through sessions of in-depth interview. They responded to a semi-structured questionnaire. Findings show that 45 percent recently dropped out of school and engaged hawking to enhance self and family economy, make an average of USD1 gains daily. They hawk in crowded markets, hotels and busy road junctions. There are reported cases of child-sexual abuse for fee. Four percent in paid housework were impregnated resulting in clandestine abortion. An improvement in socio-economic conditions of parents and social protection policy for girl-child are recommended.
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Adamolekun, Kemi. "Bereavement Salutations among the Yorubas of Western Nigeria." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 39, no. 4 (December 1999): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0rm9-qbhh-y4pf-4yut.
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The Yoruba people of South Western Nigeria have traditionally supported the bereaved with verbal phrases that are helpful in addressing the unique mourning situation. The death of a spouse, a child, a parent, or a sister call for different salutations. The age of the deceased, the cause of death, and the circumstances surrounding the death are taken into consideration in these salutations. The appropriate expression of these phrases form part of the mourning rituals which help the bereaved feel cared for and supported. The belief in afterlife, the religious orientation of the Yorubas, the value placed on individual life, and the role society assigned to the bereaved form the focus of these phrases. The purpose of this article is to highlight some of those phrases and their therapeutic implications.
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Opekitan, Afe Taiwo, Fetuga Bolanle, Ogunsemi Olawale, and Adeleye Olufunke. "Awareness of Social Infrastructures for Victims of Child Abuse Among Primary Health Workers in Ogun State, Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 40, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x19835359.
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There is a significant dearth of information on available social infrastructures for helping victims of child abuse among all cadres of primary health-care workers. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness of social and legal structures among primary health-care workers, which can help in reducing incidences and taking action. The survey was a cross-sectional survey of 20 primary health-care centers and 86 health workers in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. The result showed a low level of awareness among health workers. A large percentage of health workers were unaware of any social infrastructure or hospital protocol for child abuse reporting: 68.4% of medical officers, 54.5% of nurses, and 66.7% of other health workers. There is a need for deliberate training among health workers on social infrastructure, which can help victims of child abuse.
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Olofinbiyi, Sogo Angel, and Shanta Balgobind Singh. "Migration, Urbanization, and Adolescent Prostitution in Nigeria." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 20, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 246–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x20952283.
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The article begins with a brief discussion of migration and urbanization and its attendant problems in propagating prostitution among adolescent girls in Nigeria. It argues that the combined effects of urbanization, as well as people’s increasing agitation to secure greener pastures in cities, have made a large number of adolescent girls migrate to cities in the hope of meeting some basic needs of life—an adventure that turns out contrary to their expectations and predisposes some of them into the act of prostitution. Due to excruciating poverty within various families and the impacts of this awkward situation on most adolescent girls, delivery of quality social support services and care to the adolescent girls has been undermined over time, and their life chances have been affected, thereby making them most vulnerable to prostitution as a means of livelihood. The article concludes on socioeconomic constraints as the primary factors that push adolescent girls into prostitution in Nigeria, and these same factors are seen to influence their migration from one geographical location to another. The article recommends programs that will reduce the poverty level and unemployment trends among adolescent girls across a wide range of Nigerian societies. Drawing upon lessons learnt from the existing literature, there is an urgent need for collective social action through which more resources must be put in place to ameliorate the conditions of young girls at the interface of migration for greener pastures.
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Olakunde, Babayemi O., Daniel A. Adeyinka, John O. Olawepo, Jennifer R. Pharr, Chamberline E. Ozigbu, Sabastine Wakdok, Tolu Oladele, and Echezona E. Ezeanolue. "Towards the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Nigeria: a health system perspective of the achievements and challenges." International Health 11, no. 4 (April 27, 2019): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz018.
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Abstract Despite its scaled-up response for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), Nigeria still contributes the greatest number of infants infected with HIV worldwide. Drawing on our knowledge, and review of policy documents and research papers, we explored the achievements and challenges in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Nigeria using the WHO’s health systems framework. We found that Nigeria has increased the number of PMTCT sites, decentralized and integrated PMTCT care for expanded service delivery, adopted task-shifting to address the shortage of skilled healthcare providers, explored alternative sources of domestic funding to bridge the funding gap and harmonized the health management information system to improve data quality. Some of the challenges we identified included: difficulty in identifying HIV-infected pregnant women because of low uptake of antenatal care; interrupted supplies of medical commodities; knowledge gaps among healthcare workers; and lack of a national unique identifying system to enhance data quality. While there have been some achievements in the PMTCT program, gaps still exist in the different blocks of the health system. Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Nigeria will require the implementation of feasible, culturally acceptable and sustainable interventions to address the health system-related challenges.
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Ahonsi, Babatunde A. "Age Variations in the Proximate Determinants of Child Mortality in South-West Nigeria." Journal of Biosocial Science 27, no. 1 (January 1995): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000006970.
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SummaryAge variations in the influences of three sets of proximate factors on child survival in Ondo State, Nigeria, during 1981–86 are described. Biodemographic factors covary very strongly with mortality risks during the first month of life, weakly during months 1–11, and imperceptibly beyond infancy. Microenvironmental factors progressively strongly covary with mortality after the neonatal period, while health services accessibility and care factors broadly covary strongly with mortality throughout early childhood. Patterns in the size of the hypothetical population-level impacts of these factors suggest that promoting assisted use of toilet facilities within households by under-5s and wider provision of dispensaries and hospitals would yield cost-effective and notable reductions in overall childhood mortality levels in the study setting.
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Adeyemi, Rasheed A., Temesgen Zewotir, and Shaun Ramroop. "A Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis of Geographical Patterns for Child Mortality in Nigeria." Open Public Health Journal 12, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501912010247.
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Background:In an epidemiological study, disease mapping models are commonly used to estimate the spatial (or temporal) patterns in disease risk and to identify high-risk clusters, allowing for health interventions and allocation of the resources. The present study proposes a hierarchical Bayesian modeling approach to simultaneously capture the over-dispersion due to the effect of varying population sizes across the districts (regions), and the spatial auto-correlation inherent in the childhood mortality at districts (state) level in Nigeria.Methods:This cross-sectional study was based on 31842 children data extracted from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Of these children, 2886 died before reaching the age of five years. A Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) was estimated for each district (state) and mapped to highlight the risk patterns and detect an unusual low (high) clusters relative risk of childhood mortality. Generalized Poisson regression models were formulated with random effects to estimate the mortality risk and then explored to investigate the relationship of under-five child mortality and the regional risk factors. The random effects are formulated to reflect the potential tendency of “neighbouring” regions to have similar risk patterns and the spatial heterogeneity effect was used to capture geographical inequalities in the mortality outcomes. The models were implemented using a full Bayesian framework. All model parameters were estimated in WinBUGSviaMarkov Chain Monte Carlos (MCMC) simulation techniques.Results:The results showed that of the economically deprived households, 2.088: 95% CI (1.088, 3.165) were significantly associated with childhood mortality, while unhygienic sanitation and lack of access to improved water sources were positively associated with child mortality, but not statistically significant at 5% probability level. The geographical variation of the under-five mortality prevalence was found to be attributed to 69% clustering and 31% was due to spatial heterogeneity factors. The predicted probability maps identified clusters of high risk mortality in the northern regions and low prevalence of concentrated mortality in the south-west regions of Nigeria.Conclusion:The results demonstrated the flexibility of the approach that explored the geographical variation in the potential risk factors of child mortality and that it provides a better understanding of the regional variations of mortality risks. Nonetheless, both representations can help to provide information for the initiation of public health interventions.
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Anyanwu, Madubuike Umunna, Ishmael Jaja Festus, Obichukwu Chisom Nwobi, Chinwe-Juliana Iwu Jaja, and James Wabwire Oguttu. "A Perspective on Nigeria’s Preparedness, Response and Challenges to Mitigating the Spread of COVID-19." Challenges 11, no. 2 (September 21, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe11020022.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel disease pandemic that emerged in late 2019 in China, and later spread to other parts of the world, including Nigeria. This review analyzes the preparedness of Nigeria to the COVID-19 pandemic and recommends strategies that could be useful in controlling the disease. Published articles on COVID-19 worldwide, socioeconomic and disease status and preparedness to COVID-19 in Africa and Nigeria, were retrieved from databases such as Pubmed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Knowledge and Google search engine. Nigeria is the most populous black nation in the world, and is one of the largest crude oil producers in the world. However, its healthcare system is dilapidated and weak, due to years of neglect and widespread corruption. As a result, Nigeria is vulnerable to COVID-19, as evidenced by the current geographical distribution of the disease in its population. Many socioeconomic factors could potentially facilitate the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria. This could lead to a high caseload in the country, which could overwhelm the health care system. The application of social distancing, personal hygiene, especially hand hygiene and mask-wearing, as practiced in many countries, has proven to be effective to reduce the spread of COVID-19. In Nigeria, social distancing, in many instances, may be impracticable, given its large population, and a high density of people living in crowded conditions like slums and camps. Moreover, there is a sizeable population of internally displaced people, due to the attack by Boko Haram fighters in Northern Nigeria, and herdsmen in Southern Nigeria. The implementation of these measures is likely to be a great challenge. Nigeria has announced a complete lockdown for the containment of COVD-19, but its implementation and efficacy are doubtful, due to the same reasons previously mentioned.
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Ofuoku, Albert Ukaro, Oghenero Joseph Ovharhe, and Joseph Unuetara Agbamu. "Child Labor in Farming Households in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria." Journal of Developing Societies 36, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19873744.
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Child labor is a major issue in many parts of the Global South. This study was conducted in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria to examine the level of involvement of children in arable farming activities. Three states in the region were selected for the study, and arable farming households were randomly selected from these states. Out of the selected farming households, 362 children (6–17 years of age) were interviewed. It was found that children were highly involved in most of the farming activities that are considered hazardous. The reasons given by the farming household heads for the engagement of household children in farming activities included cultural, economic, and political factors. Most of the children combined schooling and farming activities. The research data showed that there was no significant relationship in the level of involvement of children in agricultural labor between the three Niger Delta states, but it showed significant difference in the nature of farming activities in which the children were involved. The implications of agricultural development are that these conditions will lead to the transmission of agricultural knowledge, technical, and social skills from generation to generation. It is recommended that (a) a compromise should be reached between schooling and the involvement of children in farming activities; (b) that children should always be made to wear protective gear when they carry out hazardous farming operations; and (c) their involvement and technical education in agricultural skills should give them a future positive interest in agriculture as a career/profession.
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Boyi, Abubakar. "THE FIGHT AGAINST THE DESPICABLE SCOURGES OF CHILD TRAFFICKING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL AGENCY FOR THE PROHIBITION OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS AND OTHER RELATED MATTERS (NAPTIP) A REVIEW OF LITERATURE." International Journal of Advanced Research in Public Policy, Social Development and Enterprise Studies 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijarppsdes.v4.i1.03.
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One of the contemporary social Issues which are posing serious threats to the attainment of a vibrant sustainable development in Nigeria is the child trafficking and it is rapidly spreading like a wild fire cutting across the geopolitical zones of the country which are for example, the north-west, north-central, north-east, south-west, south-south as well as the south-east. The trafficking of the child can be considered as a crime against humanity. This is however in view of the fact that the article titled The Fight Against the Despicable Scourges of Child Trafficking for Sustainable Development in Nigeria: The Role of the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons and other Related Matters examined a plethora of factors which were considered as the critical causes of child trafficking in Nigeria, their actual consequences and the way forward for a laudable sustainable development in the country. It was observed that some of the causes of child trafficking identified in the article were for example, the poverty, illiteracy and ignorance, divorce, separation, inadequate social security and also, lack of adequate community support and policing. However, with regard to the consequences of child trafficking in Nigeria, clear explanations were offered. These comprised for example, the hindrance of the physical, psychological and the mental development of the child; loss of parental love and care of the child; poor health condition of the child, lack of access to quality educational development of the child, the juvenile delinquency and other crimes and lastly, the withdrawal of foreign aids. However, the article was underpinned by a theoretical framework known as the Parson’s famous AGIL SCHEME which was rooted in the structural functionalism, a classical sociological perspective. The article also contained the conclusion and the recommendations.
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Henry I Nwolisa, Onyeka Chukwudalu Ekwebene, Darlington C Obi, Obiageli F Emelumadu, Akagha K.T Jerry, and Timothy Ugochukwu Igwe. "Perception of preconception care among women attending antenatal care clinic in a tertiary health care hospital in south east, Nigeria." Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 013–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2021.2.2.0036.
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Preconception care is the provision of biomedical, behavioral and social health interventions to women and couples before conception occurs. This study aimed to assess women’s knowledge, practice, perceived views and ideas and associated factors in preconception care amongst women attending antenatal care at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra state, Nigeria. A facility based cross-sectional study conducted among 150 randomly selected reproductive age group women who attended antenatal clinic from September 9 to September 26, 2020.The data were collected using self-administered and interviewer-administered questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. The study revealed 31.3% overall knowledge of preconception care. The knowledge level on preconception care was significantly associated with occupation, level of education, residence, number of pregnancies and past obstetrics complications. Age has no association with the level of knowledge. Only about one-fifth of the participants have good knowledge of the importance of folic acid use prior to and during pregnancy (17.3%), 32% had wrong knowledge and the rest had no knowledge (50.7%). Majority of the participants (87.7%) had prospective views concerning preconception care encouraging every woman to partake in it. In this finding, the level of women’s knowledge on preconception care was very low. Having a high level of education, living in urban area and having an obstetrics history were associated with good knowledge. The finding also showed positive views on the uptake and practice preconception care. This finding suggests that there is a need to give more emphasis on educating women on preconception care with the sole aim of achieving a sound maternal and child health.
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Samuel Oluwaseyi, OLORUNFEMI, and LAWAL Olubunmi Lukman. "The Place of Politics in Social Protection Program: Focus on Infant and Maternal Health Care Delivery in Akure, Nigeria." Scholedge International Journal of Business Policy & Governance ISSN 2394-3351 5, no. 11 (May 6, 2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/sijbpg051101.
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<p>The study examines the place of politics in infant and maternal health care delivery in Akure. To achieve this, the following objectives were made: assess the magnitude of infant birth and death as well as maternal death in the study area from 2003-2017, identify the causes of infant and maternal death in Akure, examine the relationship between politics and infant and maternal health care through policies and programmes instituted by various administrations and identify challenges facing infant and maternal health care delivery in Akure. To successfully capture these objectives, two governments owned hospitals (Mother and Child Hospital and Ondo State Specialist Hospital Akure) were selected for the administration of questionnaires. In all, eighty (80) women that have made use of the hospitals during pregnancy and child care stage were randomly and purposefully selected from the record file of the hospitals for the purpose of questionnaire administration. Likewise, the Chief Medical Directors of the two hospitals were interviewed. Data obtained were collated and presented using the descriptive statistical method. Findings revealed the policies, programmes, and accomplishments of successive governments of Ondo State from 2003-2017. The study recommends that successive government at all levels irrespective of political or party affiliation should make infant and maternal health care free most especially to the poor and the vulnerable group in the society.</p>
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Babatola, Adefunke Olarinre, Oladele Simeon Olatunya, Temitope Olumuyiwa Ojo, Adekunle Bamidele Taiwo, and Joseph Olusesan Fadare. "Profile of Children Admitted for Severe Acute Malnutrition in a Tertiary Hospital in Southwestern Nigeria." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 39, no. 1 (April 27, 2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v39i1.21604.
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Introduction: This study assessed the socio-demographic profile, outcomes of treatment and challenges encountered in the management of children admitted for Severe Acute Malnutrition at the Paediatric Unit of a State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The records of twenty-five children with SAM admitted from March 2013-March 2018 were reviewed. SAM was defined according to the Wellcome Classification based on child’s weight and oedema status. Data on demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, co-morbid conditions, duration of admission and outcome were extracted.
Results: There were 13 (52.0%) males and 12 (48.0%) females. The median age of children with SAM was eight months. Eighteen children (72%) were marasmic, four (16%) had kwashiorkor while three (12%) had marasmic-kwashiorkor. Common presenting symptoms included poor weight gain (59.1%), fever (54.5%) and diarrhoea (36.4%). Majority (84.0%) of the patients had co-morbid conditions which included sepsis (66.7%), anaemia (37.5%), hypoglycaemia (16.7%) and hypothermia (16.7%). Twenty-one (84.0%) children were fully vaccinated for age, two (8.0%) had partial vaccination while two (8.0%) were never vaccinated. Only two (8.0%) had exclusive breastfeeding, 19 (76.0%) had mixed feeding from birth. Majority (60%) of the children had one or more social challenges such as teenage parents and financial constraints. Mean duration of admission was 4.56 days. Twelve (48.0%) left against medical advice, nine (36.0%) were discharged, one (4.0%) was referred to another tertiary facility and three (12.0%) deaths were recorded.
Conclusions: Many of the children admitted for SAM in our study had social problems and almost half of them left the hospital against medical advice. Besides health problem, social factors may play more role in SAM.
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Ogbolu, Yolanda. "Neonatal Mortality: A Critical Global Health Issue." Neonatal Network 26, no. 6 (November 2007): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.26.6.357.
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Almost all of the millions of babies who die worldwide in the first four weeks of life are in low- and middle-income countries. The socioeconomic status of developing countries adversely affects maternal-child health because it limits access to adequate nutrition, quality health care, medications, safe water, adequate sanitation, and other basic social services. The factors associated with high infant mortality rates transcend national boundaries, making infant mortality a critical global health problem. Poverty is one of the most important factors affecting the infant mortality rate in Nigeria. This examination of infant mortality in Nigeria exemplifies the multifactorial national and international issues underlying infant mortality in developing countries. Infant mortality in these countries will not improve without global attention and intervention. By finding creative ways to share expert knowledge about caring for neonates, neonatal nurses can contribute to global improvements in maternal-child health care.
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Oladele, Olaseni Abayomi, and Okhakhume Aide Sylvester. "Socio-Demographic Predictors of Perceived Burden of Care among Care Givers of Non-Mentally and Mentally Retarded Students in Ibadan, Nigeria." American Economic & Social Review 5, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v5i2.362.
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The care of mentally retarded children is often stressful experiences for family members, as the child grows up and disability becomes quite noticeable by others, parents face a very distressing predicament of social embarrassment and stigma, they require more attention and time while at the same time the need for special equipment, and medical care increases; implicating financial income and capability of the care providers. The aftermath effect on the care provider(s) most often is restrictive and disruptive to economic, social or emotional deficiency. The study examines the influence of socio-demographic variables on care burden of care providers of non-mentally and mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis. The study adopted cross sectional research design across types of job, social support, religion, ethnicity and age. A total number of 100 care providers participated in the study (50 care providers of non-mentally retarded students & 50 care providers of the mentally retarded students). The instruments that were used was Care Givers Burden Scale developed by Zarit et al (1980). The result of the study revealed that demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, education level, job type, religion and ethnicity) do not jointly predict burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis. [F(7,43)=1.722;p>.05], but revealed that demographic variables jointly predict burden of care among care providers of non-mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis. [F(7,43)=2.39;p<.05], and finally revealed that social support had significant influence on burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis [t(98)= 11.13; P<.05]. The study therefore concludes that demographic variables jointly predict burden of care among care providers of non-mentally retarded students not mentally retarded students. While social support was found to significantly influence burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis.
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Mbakogu, Ifeyinwa. "Child Fostering or Child Trafficking: Questioning Justifications for Children’s Departure from Home." Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) 2, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v2i1.101.
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West African countries adopt child fostering or kinship placement as a traditional form of social protection that balances care and support for families with limited resources, experiencing unforeseen setbacks; or requiring household support. The traditional kinship placement advocates the provision of nurturing and education for the child by the fostering family. However, the traditional kinship placement appears exploited with children taken away from their homes, by such familiar persons as relatives and family friends, who may or may not fulfill the traditional expectations of fostering. The aftermath is that based on the mistreatment experienced by several children, they are removed from their kinship placement and placed in agency care as survivors of trafficking. This again prompts the question of whether children removed from kinship placement should be considered trafficked children. This paper explores this situation by presenting the experiences of some children in kinship placement in Nigeria. Children’s narratives within the paper will provide a further understanding of how child fostering or placement could transform into child trafficking that will inform services provided to affected children.
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Gbadegesin, Taiwo Frances, Olusola Alabi, and Kemisola Omodun. "Children Education in ICT Age in Nigeria: A Tripartite Socio-Cultural Phenomena." Journal of Educational and Social Research 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jesr-2018-0030.
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Abstract Studies have established that the use of technology in early childhood care and education (ECCE) settings positively contributes to children’s development. However, this position has generated conflicting views as individual circumstances largely depend on where a child is born and raised. In this study, adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in ECCE in the Nigerian context is examined, with a view to deciphering practical implications of ICT as social innovation in learning and its influence on socio-cultural values in childhood education. To achieve this aim, the following research question was generated: What and how can we describe the impact and practical implications of ICT on Nigerian children’s ways of life, and what values does ICT contribute towards socio-cultural aspect of ECCE education in Nigeria? The paper utilised data collected through an interpretive qualitative study, underpinned by social practice and innovation diffusion theories. Data were generated through interviews and classroom observations. The findings suggest tensions between social innovations and socio-cultural implications of ICT usage. It was observed that ICT usage in Nigerian childhood education is situated within tripartite classification; One, as a veritable tool for achieving innovative and creative thinking in children. Two, as an effective instrument of disseminating globalised ideas and three, as distortions to socio-cultural values that are embedded in culturally-sensitive children learning and development. In conclusion, it was suggested that while the use of ICT should remain a veritable instrument for learning in children’s formative periods, its usage should be monitored for values’ security in Nigeria.
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S. O., Olofin, Lawrence Adewale AGBONJIMI, Rachel Omolara AINA, and Praise Oladeji ALABI. "Predictors of Satisfaction With Childbirth Services Amongst Postnatal Women in Two Selected Teaching Hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.89.10702.
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Satisfaction with childbirth service is a multi-dimensional construct embracing satisfaction with self (personal control), and with the physical environment of delivery ward and quality of care. Maternal health care service encompasses family planning, preconception, antenatal, delivery and postnatal care. Goals of preconception care include providing education, health promotion, screening tests for various health problems and interventions for women of reproductive age to reduce risk factors that might affect future pregnancies. Women who begin prenatal care early in their pregnancies have better birth outcomes than those who receive little or no care during their pregnancies. This study was conducted to identify predictors of satisfaction with childbirth services and the factors influencing them. A well-structured questionnaire was used to get responses from 81 postnatal women in OOUTH and BUTH. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the research questions and hypotheses respectively. Majority of the participants revealed good level of satisfaction with most child birth services rendered by the two selected teaching hospitals, but more than two-third of the respondent’s claims, dissatisfaction in pain control and baby care after birth in the two hospitals. Findings revealed more satisfaction towards child birth services in BUTH than OOUTH, this might be as a result of inadequate equipment, structural facilities and poor waiting areas in the public hospital. It was recommended among others that Government should facilitate focused antenatal care, institutional delivery and postnatal care in terms of reducing maternal and neonatal mortality.
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Mahmoud, Kafayat O. "THE INTERSECTION OF RELIGION AND SES IN MANAGING CHRONIC CONDITIONS AMONG OLDER PERSONS IN NIGERIA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2501.
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Abstract Increased life expectancy in Nigeria has corresponded with higher rates of chronic diseases among older persons. Consequently, this is a new experience that older persons progressively have to deal with. In this study, I explored how religion and social support helped older persons cope with their chronic disease conditions, in light of the prevailing socio-cultural and economic circumstances in Nigeria. The research was conducted in two state-owned medical institutions, in a city in the North-Central part of Nigeria. In-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted among 19 purposively selected chronically ill persons aged between 50 years and over, during clinic days. The study revealed that religion is central to peoples’ management of feelings of despair, and acceptance of chronic disease conditions, as well as their adherence to prescriptions. This is explained by the theme “God as the Bestower and Reliever.” Also, some respondents perceived their coreligionists to be financially supportive. Although, some participants expressed that they depended on their families for their upkeep and emotional well-being, dire socio-economic conditions and lack of governmental support in chronic care meant that financial support was limited. This is explained by the theme “Times are Hard.” Subsequently, most respondents bore a dual burden of coping with chronic conditions even as they were financially responsible for themselves and their families. This was particularly stressful because it meant that most respondents were constantly worried about being able to meet basic daily needs, as well as manage the financial costs of their treatments, which proved expensive to manage.
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Oloko, Beatrice Adenike. "Children's Street Work in Urban Nigeria as Adaptation and Maladaptation to Changing Socioeconomic Circumstances." International Journal of Behavioral Development 16, no. 3 (September 1993): 465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549301600306.
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One fundamental value of the modern societies in which schools endogenously emerged is self-orientation. This contrasts with the familistic collectivism that has been identified as providing a basis for the social structure of traditional societies such as Nigeria. An important strategy of child socialisation in Nigeria and other West African countries is responsibility training. One of the objectives of the investigations reported in this article was to determine the extent to which an aspect of responsibility training, namely children's street-trading activities, typifies a collective orientation and the extent to which it was consonant with schooling, which largely promotes a self-orientation. The data consist of interviews with: (1) 2000 children from different parts of Nigeria, both traders and nontraders; (2) 100 of the children's teachers; (3) 224 women traders; and (4) 117 experts (such as doctors, social welfare officers, policemen, and religious leaders) who, in their professional roles, interact with young street traders. It is concluded that: (1) street trading had some value-compatibility with schooling in the early stages of the modernisation process in Nigeria, but that it has become maladaptive as a result of both changes in the conditions of trading and changes in the system of school assessment; and (2) early childhood working experience, as exemplified in street trading, may constitute one of the important mechanisms by which the traditional value of familistic collectivism is maintained and the self-orientation inculcated by prolonged schooling is reduced.
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Audu, Onyemocho, Ishaku Bako Ara, Abdujalil Abdullahi Umar, Victoria Nanben Omole, and Solomon Avidime. "Sociodemographic Correlates of Choice of Health Care Services in Six Rural Communities in North Central Nigeria." Advances in Public Health 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/651086.
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Household expenditure on health has increasingly remained a major source of health care financing in Nigeria despite the introduction of several social health scheme policies provided by the government for meeting the health care costs of patients. Recognizing these limitations, this study assessed the type of health care services people commonly use in various illnesses and the sociodemographic correlates of the preferred health care services by household heads in six rural communities of North Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional community-based descriptive study design was used to study 154 household heads in the settlements using a multistage sampling method. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to investigate independent predictors that had significant chi-square atP<0.05. The leading causes of illness experienced by respondents were medical conditions (42.0%) and 41.7% of them sought treatment from patent medicine vendors. The dominant reasons for health-seeking preferences were financial access (53.7%) and proximity (48.6%). Age had a higher impact (Beta = 0.892) on the health-seeking preferences of the respondents as compared to their occupation and religion (Beta = 0.368 and −0.746, resp.). Therefore, in order to meet the health care of patients, it is pertinent that the unmet needs of patients are properly addressed by appropriate agencies.
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Agee, Mark D. "Reducing child malnutrition in Nigeria: Combined effects of income growth and provision of information about mothers’ access to health care services." Social Science & Medicine 71, no. 11 (December 2010): 1973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.020.
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Rajah, Amina Suleiman, Umar Bilkisu Bayero, Zainab Muhammad Hussein, Auwal Khadija Lawal, Tijjani Faiza Tashi, Abdulaziz Sulaiman Tukuntawa, and Abdullahi Fatima Rabiu. "Perceived Benefits and Barriers to Prenatal and Postpartum Exercises Among Child Bearing Women in Kano, Nigeria." International Journal of Childbirth 11, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/ijcbirth-d-20-00013.
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BACKGROUNDPregnancy is a stressful phenomenon experienced by women, during which the body experiences dramatic anatomical, physiological, and psychological changes.AIMThe study examined perceived benefits and barriers to prenatal and postpartum exercises among pregnant women in Kano.METHODSThe study was a descriptive survey in which 400 consenting pregnant women attending antenatal clinic were recruited for a period of 3 months (November 2019 to January 2020, using systematic random sampling technique. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized to elicit responses and the data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, and frequency distribution.RESULTSFindings showed that the respondents have a mean age of 26.86 ± 5.4 years which ranges from 17–47 years. Prenatal exercises may be associated with the prevention of excessive weight gain and/or gestational diabetes and/or preeclampsia. The study further revealed that most of the respondents agreed that postpartum exercises prevents vaginal and uterine prolapse and urinary incontinence, helps in losing post pregnancy body weight and prevents diastasis recti abdominis. The major barriers identified included lack of access to facilities, lack of family support, and cultural factors.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONThe study concludes that there is a positive perception of the benefits of prenatal and postpartum exercises and therefore, recommends that maternity care givers should provide accurate, adequate, and relevant information and advocate increased social and family support.
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Akingbade, A. A., E. M. Ikegwu, O. J. Akinsola, and C. F. Nwachukwu. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING (EBF) AMONG MOTHERS IN AMUKOKO, NIGERIA." Open Journal of Medical Research (ISSN: 2734-2093) 2, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ojmr.v2i2.247.
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This study assessed mothers’ knowledge on, the practice of, and factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding in the initial 6 months after birth. A descriptive cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling technique were used to pick 323 mothers that attended immunization at Community Health Project Amukoko and who had at least 1 child and a well-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from them. Data collected were analyzed using frequency distribution, Chi-square test, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to test significant differences in the knowledge of EBF and demographic characteristics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show that the mean age of the mothers is 29.47 (18 - 47 years). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was found to be 72.1% and the knowledge of mothers on exclusive breastfeeding was very good (81.81%). The mode of delivery, introduction of prelacteal feed and introduction of water before breastfeeding have significant related to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.05). The study concluded that most of the mothers had good knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding rate at six months, mode of delivery, offering of prelacteal feed and introducing of water before breastfeeding is significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. The study recommended healthier talks and support from health care workers on breastfeeding for mothers and the use of expressed breast milk promoted among mothers.
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Udoh, Ekerette Emmanuel, and Boniface Ayanbekongshie Ushie. "Determinants of antenatal HIV testing in the opt-out approach in Nigeria: findings from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey." Journal of Biosocial Science 52, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932019000555.
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AbstractChildren in Nigeria are frequently born with HIV, despite available services to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Not offering, or non-acceptance of, HIV testing during antenatal care (ANC) delays anti-retroviral commencement for infected women, thereby increasing the risk of MTCT. This study assessed the determinants of HIV testing during antenatal care in Nigeria using nationally representative data from the 2013 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey. This study included 13,352 women aged 15–49 years who reported having at least one antenatal visit. The outcome variables were HIV testing during ANC and during labour, while socio-demographic and maternal factors, including number of ANC visits, offer of HIV testing during ANC and labour, place of delivery and knowledge and counselling on MTCT, were among the independent variables. Multivariate regression analysis was used to predict HIV testing during ANC and labour. About half (53%) of the women were tested for HIV during antenatal care with 85% of those tested receiving their test results. Only 6% had HIV tests during labour. There was a 33% excess probability of urban women testing during ANC compared with rural women. Never having a previous pregnancy terminated was associated with lower odds of testing during ANC. No counselling on MTCT and no counselling to get tested were associated with a lower probability of testing during ANC. Counselling on the prevention of MTCT is crucial for women’s willingness to be tested, and acceptance of testing. More effort is needed to ensure that providers in Nigeria offer these services to all women, educate women on the dangers of opting out and ensure the earliest commencement of ARV enrolment for those infected.
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Stephens, Torrance T., and Chibuzo L. Oriuwa. "Child Survival and Baseline Surveys: A Description of Literacy Rates of Women of Child Bearing Age in Abia and Imo States, Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 16, no. 1 (April 1996): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/19f3-b0cu-8q1f-u163.
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The results of a literacy need assessment conducted in eight autonomous communities, four from both Abia and Imo States, is presented and discussed. Data were obtained via survey interview and administered to 209 and 235 subjects respectively for Abia and Imo States. The information was collected to form a baseline level of operation prior to the Literacy for Health Intervention implemented by Africare/Owerri and the Imo State Ministry of Health. Results suggest both similar and varied trends regarding literacy abilities of participants and their attitudes regarding adult literacy instruction in the samples from both communities. This study emphasizes the literacy needs items of the survey. Findings support the need for literacy for health interventions in these areas and confirm the need for interventions to improve literacy skills and enhance the quality of life of families living in these communities. It is anticipated that data obtained regarding baseline assessments and interviews may be used to examine the long-term effectiveness and impact of literacy for health care activities under the auspices of child survival projects.
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BANKOLE, AKINRINOLA, ANN E. BIDDLECOM, KUMBUTSO DZEKEDZEKE, JOSHUA O. AKINYEMI, OLUTOSIN AWOLUDE, and ISAAC F. ADEWOLE. "DOES KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION AFFECT THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HIV STATUS AND FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE? NEW EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA AND ZAMBIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 46, no. 5 (December 16, 2013): 580–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000655.
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SummaryThe increasing availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and drug regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) has probably changed the context of childbearing for people living with HIV. Using data from 2009–2010 community-based surveys in Nigeria and Zambia, this study explores whether women's knowledge about ART and PMTCT influences the relationship between HIV status and fertility preferences and contraceptive behaviour. The findings show that women living with HIV are more likely to want more children in Nigeria and to want to limit childbearing in Zambia compared with HIV-negative women. While there is no significant difference in contraceptive use by women's HIV status in the two countries, women who did not know their HIV status are less likely to use contraceptives relative to women who are HIV-negative. Knowledge about ART reduces the childbearing desires of HIV-positive women in Nigeria and knowledge about PMTCT increases desire for more children among HIV-positive women in Zambia, as well as contraceptive use among women who do not know their HIV status. The findings indicate that knowledge about HIV prevention and treatment services changes how living with HIV affects childbearing desires and, at least in Zambia, pregnancy prevention, and highlight the importance of access to accurate knowledge about ART and PMTCT services to assist women and men to make informed childbearing decisions. Knowledge about ART and PMTCT should be promoted not only through HIV treatment and maternal and newborn care facilities but also through family planning centres and the mass media.
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Wajim, John. "Single Parenting and Its Effects on the Development of Children in Nigeria." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 7, no. 04 (April 7, 2020): 5891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v7i04.02.
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The study examined single parenting and its effects on the development of children in Nigeria. The study revealed that single parents/solo parents lack partners to share financial and child care responsibilities with. The study also unveiled that finance is the major problems encountered by the majority of single parents. This is because majority of the single parents find it difficult to meet the basic needs of their children such as food, clothing, school fees, and other personal needs. This also accounts for the difficult in maintaining discipline among their children. The study concluded that majority of single parents are faced with economic, emotional and social problems which translate into greater risk of embarking on dangerous behaviors by their children such as drugs, alcohol and criminal activities. A secondary source of data collection was used for this study. The study recommends that government should create more job opportunities and increase wages as such single parent can also benefit in order to cope with the difficulties they face. Also single parents should engage in savings such as local contribution, that no matter how small their income may be, they may be able to satisfy the required needs of their household, which to some extent will also curtail the crime rate in our dear macrocosm by the children of solo parents.
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Aaron, Friday E., Rex Friday Ogoronte A. Ijah, and Tonye Obene. "The orthopedic patient and limb amputation: impact of traditional beliefs on acceptance in Port Harcourt, Nigeria." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20210907.
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Background: Aim of the study was to ascertain the awareness on surgical limb amputation and establish the existence of traditional beliefs that impacts on acceptance of surgical limb amputation in tertiary healthcare facilities in Port Harcourt. Surgical limb amputation is a form of treatment recommended in conditions of dead, dying, dangerous limb or damn nuisance, in which the appendage is removed surgically and permanently from the rest of the body.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among patients and patients’ relatives in the two government-owned tertiary health care facilities that offered orthopedic surgical services in Port Harcourt using self-administered questionnaires. Data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.Results: Safe removal of a disease limb from the rest of the body was considered by 217 respondents (93.1%) as the meaning of limb amputation. Some community beliefs on amputated limb were: risk of incomplete body in the “next world”, burying of persons with amputated limb in the evil forest when they die, stigmatization as outcasts in some communities. Eighty-two respondents (35.2%) opined that traditional bone setters should be encouraged to continue their work.Conclusions: There was high awareness on limb amputation among respondents. Though expressed by few respondents, the twin factors of patronage of traditional bone setters and the practice of community stigmatization of amputees / social isolation among others explains patients decline of offer of limb amputation in the care of orthopedic patients in our society.
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Nwakamma, Ikenna J., Amber Erinmwinhe, Arinzechukwu Ajogwu, Aniekan Udoh, and Anne Ada-Ogoh. "Mitigating Gender and Maternal and Child Health Injustices through Faith Community-Led Initiatives." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 8, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.326.
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Background and Objective: Congregational Health Empowerment and Social Safety Advocates (CHESSAdvocates) initiative, a project aimed at mitigating maternal and child health (MCH) and gender injustices in religiously pluralistic societies, was implemented in two Northern Nigerian states of Benue and Kaduna between September 2018 and July 2019. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness, sustainability and factors of success in the CHESS-Advocates model as a faith community approach to mitigating gender and MCH injustices in Northern Nigeria.
Methods: Data were from desk review of monthly project reports which were documented monthly all through the 10-month project life, and qualitative assessment conducted in July 2019 at the end of project. The assessments involved focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and in-depth interviews conducted in four randomly selected communities in each of the project states. The variables of interest were sustainability, effectiveness of initiative, and the factors that contributed to the success of the program.
Results: The CHESS-Advocate model was effective in the mobilization of community response that improved uptake and acceptance of antenatal care (ANC), immunization, and uptake of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing services. The model was cost-effective and able to instigate change in harmful practices, particularly in highly religious communities. The model showed promise of sustainability and identified some factors that led to its success in the different communities.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: The CHESS advocates model showed promises of efficacy in engaging faith communities as important actors in promoting MCH practices and mitigating gender injustices particularly in rural and underserved communities. Like other faith based models, the CHESS-Advocates model provided opportunities in faith congregations for building sustainable development in health and social justice. The model helped to improve MCH seeking behavior, influenced change in harmful gender norms and in community response against gender based violence in rural communities.
Key words: MCH • Gender justice • HIV • CHESS-Advocates • Faith • Northern Nigeria • Nigeria
Copyright © 2019 Nwakamma et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com - mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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OLUSANYA, B. O., O. P. ALAKIJA, and V. A. INEM. "NON-UPTAKE OF FACILITY-BASED MATERNITY SERVICES IN AN INNER-CITY COMMUNITY IN LAGOS, NIGERIA: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY." Journal of Biosocial Science 42, no. 3 (December 2, 2009): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932009990526.
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SummaryScaling-up of skilled attendants and facility-based services is necessary for improving maternal and child care in developing countries but their effectiveness is crucially influenced by the uptake of such services. This study set out to establish the pattern and uptake of maternity services and associated factors against the backdrop of rapid urbanization in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of mothers attending the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization clinics in inner-city Lagos was conducted from July 2005 to December 2007, and their association with non-hospital delivery and use of unskilled attendants was determined by multiple logistic regression analyses. Of the 6465 participants, over half (51.4%) delivered outside hospital facilities and 81.8% of this group had no skilled attendants at delivery. Non-hospital delivery or the presence of unskilled attendants at delivery was associated with teenage mothers, Muslim religion, low or middle social class and use of herbal drugs in pregnancy. Additionally, non-hospital delivery was associated with ethnicity (Yoruba tribe), lack of tertiary education or full-time employment, accommodation with shared sanitation facilities and multiparity. The results suggest that availability of and access/proximity to hospital facilities or skilled attendants is no guarantee of uptake of maternity services. Efforts aimed at improving maternal and child health in developing countries should take cognisance of the socio-demographic and cultural underpinnings of maternal health-seeking behaviour of urban mothers beyond the provision of facility-based services or strengthening of the existing health care systems.
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Ogunfowora, Olusoga Babatunde, Tinuade Adetutu Ogunlesi, and Victor Ayodeji Ayeni. "Factors associated with clinical outcomes among neonates admitted with acute bilirubin and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathies at a tertiary hospital in south-west Nigeria." South African Family Practice 61, no. 5 (October 28, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v61i5.4938.
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Background: Babies who are delivered outside hospital are most at risk of serious illnesses such as perinatal asphyxia and severe hyperbilirubinaemia. These conditions are major contributors to neonatal mortalities in resource-poor settings.Objective: To explore the relationship between pre-admission and intra-facility care and immediate outcomes among neonates with acute bilirubin and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathies.Methods: Using a retrospective design, the outcome of outborn babies with acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) were studied in a Nigerian hospital between 2012 and 2016.Results: A total of 40 and 80 babies with ABE and HIE were studied. Among babies with ABE, 67.5% arrived at the hospital on self-referral and of the babies with official referral, only 61.5% had had a serum bilirubin check prior to referral. Among the babies with ABE, 25.0% had both social and facility-related challenges, 45.0% had only facility-related challenges and 20.0% had only social challenges. All the babies with ABE who died had either social or facility-related challenges. For the babies with HIE, 56.2% came on self-referral while 70% received no care prior to presentation at the hospital. Some 40% of babies with HIE had both social and facility-related challenges while 12.5% had only facility-related challenges. None of the babies who died presented early. Comparable proportions of babies who died or survived had social challenges and facility-related challenges.Conclusion: Most of the outborn babies with HIE and ABE who arrived at the hospital on self-referral and facility-based care were hindered by social issues and facility-related challenges.
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Enwereji, E. E., and M. C. Ezeama. "Addressing the challenges that affect COVID-19 prevention in the rural areas of Abia State, Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204345.
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Background: Using directives have been the standard approach of changing public behavior. But studies have shown that directives fail because people hate being told what to do. Telling individuals to use limited resources and other social amenities in rural areas to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may lead to skepticism in practice of public health recommendations on COVID-19 prevention. Even non-availability of basic hand washing facilities (soap and clean water) which form fundamental mechanism to prevent COVID-19 can expose people to infection. Study assesses factors and conditions that influence the practice of Center for disease control (CDC) preventive measures against COVID-19 in rural areas.Methods: This is a qualitative study that utilized information from 36 health care professionals under the aegis of committee for COVID-19 prevention. These committee members are working together in partnership with state government to provide services to control, prevent and cushion effects of COVID-19 pandemic.Results: Findings from 36 health care professionals made up of 10 (27.8%) females and 26 (72.2%) males showed that factors such as denial of existence of the virus, labeling virus as only urban limited, poor knowledge of mode of transmission, terming virus as ploy politicians use to siphon resources meant for rural development contributed to non-observation of CDC guidelines for COVID-19 prevention.Conclusions: Denying existence of COVID-19 and not observing CDC guidelines will increase community transmission thereby, expose people in communities to infection. Therefore, education is needed to enlighten people in communities on benefits of observing CDC guidelines.
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Ogunode, Niyi Jacob. "Evaluation of the National Objectives of Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) Programme in Gwagwalada Area Council of FCT, Abuja, Nigeria." JISAE: Journal of Indonesian Student Assessment and Evaluation 6, no. 2 (August 22, 2020): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jisae.062.05.
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the national objectives of Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) programme in Gwagwalada Area Council of FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. The research designed method adopted for this study was descriptive survey. The method used for selecting the sample of the study was purposive random sampling technique. 200 respondents were selected for simple sampling techniques. Questionnaire was used for data collection in the study and the reliability of the instrument was determined by using split-half method. The results the research showed that the national objectives of the Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) includes; effect on a smooth transition from home to school, prepare the child for the primary level of education, provide adequate care and supervision for the children while their parents are at work (on the farm, in the market or offices), instill the social norms, instill the spirit of inquiry and creativity through the exploration of nature, the environment, art, music, playing with toys and so on, develop a sense of cooperation and team spirit, learn good habits, especially good health habits and teach the basics of numbers, letters, colours, shapes, forms and so on through playing. It has been achieved to the moderate extent in all the centres of sample in Gwagwalada area, council of FCT.
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Igweonu, Obianuju U., and Nkechi G. Onyeneho. "Anemia in Pregnancy: Urban–Rural Comparison of Management and Prevention Among Women of Child-Bearing Age in Anambra State, Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 39, no. 3 (December 30, 2018): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x18819975.
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We explored management and prevention practices concerning anemia in pregnancy (AIP) in Anambra State, Nigeria from a cross-sectional survey of 600 women of child-bearing age through a multistage random selection process. The objective is to identify factors that influence recognition and management of AIP. A knowledge index of 45 points was developed with the mean score of 5.9 points (5.9 ± 6.1 SD). Furthermore, 49.3% of the respondents had good knowledge. The urban respondents had good knowledge (66.7%) compared with their rural counterparts (32%). There were misconceptions on the causes, management, and prevention of AIP during pregnancy. Multiple regression analyses revealed that variables such as religious affiliation, education, and residence influenced the knowledge about AIP. A unit increase in the educational level of the women will bring about 0.644 units of increase in the knowledge of AIP ( p = .003). A unit change from urban to rural locality would lead to 1.536 units increase in correct practices to prevent AIP ( p < .001). A unit change to being married would lead to 0.936 unit increase in correct practices to prevent AIP ( p = .025). Knowledge about the management and prevention of AIP was poor. Anemia-related education to improve knowledge and practice should be provided during antenatal care. Living in an urban community was associated with the odds ratio of 4.3 (95% CI [3.07, 6.07]) and 7.42 (95% CI [2.0, 27.6]) for knowledge and prevention of AIP, respectively.
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Jidong, Dung Ezekiel, Di Bailey, Tholene Sodi, Linda Gibson, Natéwindé Sawadogo, Deborah Ikhile, David Musoke, Munyaradzi Madhombiro, and Marcellus Mbah. "Nigerian cultural beliefs about mental health conditions and traditional healing: a qualitative study." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 16, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-08-2020-0057.
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Purpose This study aims to explore how cultural beliefs and traditions are integral to understanding indigenous mental health conditions (MHCs) and traditional healing (TH). However, Nigerian cultural beliefs about MHCs and TH are under-researched. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a qualitative design using critical realist and social constructionist perspectives to explore Nigerian mental health-care practitioners (MHCPs) and lay participants’ (LPs) views regarding MHCs and TH. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select 53 participants (MHCPs = 26; LPs = 27; male = 32; female = 21) in four Nigerian cities (Ado-Ekiti, Enugu, Jos and Zaria). Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed through thematic analyses. Findings The data sets revealed three overarching themes, namely, existing cultural beliefs about MHCs as spiritual curse; description of TH as the first treatment modality for MHCs; and perceived stigma associated with MHCs and help-seeking behaviours. Originality/value A study on Nigerian cultural beliefs and TH contributes meaningfully to mental health systems. Future research and policy initiatives could explore ways of optimising TH practices and community awareness programmes to increase access to mental health care in Nigeria.
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Nkpozi, MO, BU Adukwu, UN Onwuchekwa, JA Chikezie, and C. Aluka. "Profile and Outcome of Medical Emergencies in a Teaching Hospital in the Commercial City of Aba, Southeast Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.167.
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Medical conditions present at the Accident and Emergency (A&E) or Emergency Department (ED) very often. Outcome of medical emergencies depends, among other factors, on the age of patients, gender, socioeconomic factors, medical conditions, their severity, time of patients' presentations, quality of care/treatment given and the available resources (manpower and facilities) in the A&E. There is a paucity of published literature on medical emergencies outcome in Aba, Southeast Nigeria. This study, therefore, set out to bridge this gap in knowledge. This was a 1-year observational study in which patients presenting to the A&E/ED of ABSUTH, Aba for treatment of a medical condition were consecutively recruited and followed up until discharged home, admitted to the medical wards or died in A&E. This study lasted from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Relevant data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. A total of 589 patients presented at A&E because of medical conditions/emergencies, made up of 269 (45.7%) males and 320 (54.3%) females. The commonest medical emergencies were DM related complications, acute malaria, HIV/AIDS, heart failure and stroke. Study subjects discharged home were 17.5%, 71.1% were admitted into the medical wards and 11.4% died. Medical emergencies, caused predominantly by non-communicable diseases (NCDs), contributed significantly to the A&E cases in the city of Aba, Nigeria and are associated with considerable mortality. It is recommended that efforts should be made to control the modifiable risk factors of NCDs while early detection and treatment of communicable and NCDs should be affected.
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Olaogun, A. A. E., W. R. Brieger, P. O. Obianjuwa, A. B. Ayoola, and S. O. Adebayo. "Mother-Father Concordance on Treatment Choices in the Care of Sick Children under Five Years of Age in Osun State, Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 25, no. 3 (October 2005): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0373-6757-jq16-8513.
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Communication and agreement between spouses has been found to be an important factor in terms of acceptance and use of family planning services and supplies. Therefore, it is likely that agreement between spouses may play an important role in other aspects of family health, including care of childhood illness. This study, based in a rural and an urban community in Osun State, Nigeria, set out to determine the agreement between mothers and fathers on the illness experience and care provided to their preschool age children. Among the 550 couples studied, most mothers (98%) and fathers (94%) reported that they “did something” to help during their child's recent illness. The illness was recognized first by the mothers according to 83% of respondents. Overall, 81% of couples concurred that the mother was the first to discover the illness. Concurrence was greater in urban areas and where fathers read a newspaper frequently. Only 45% concurred on who took the decision for first action to address the illness, which again was greater in the urban area and in families where the father read a newspaper frequently. Parents also were not in full agreement about the name of the child's illness, but concurrence was greater in the case of malaria/fever. Finally, concurrence on the actual first form of treatment care reached only 36%. Most concurrent couples and non-concurrent mothers mentioned drug shops/chemists as the first source of care, while non-concurrent fathers placed government clinics first. While mothers are likely to be the main caregivers, fathers do have decision making and financial roles. Not only should health education for appropriate and prompt care of child illnesses be aimed equally are both parents, it should also recognize that fathers may have different perceptions from mothers. Education should also encourage better couple communication.
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Farley, Elise, Hussaina Muhammad Bala, Annick Lenglet, Ushma Mehta, Nura Abubakar, Joseph Samuel, Annette de Jong, et al. "‘I treat it but I don’t know what this disease is’: a qualitative study on noma (cancrum oris) and traditional healing in northwest Nigeria." International Health 12, no. 1 (August 24, 2019): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz066.
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Abstract Background Noma, a neglected disease mostly affecting children, with a 90% mortality rate if untreated, is an orofacial gangrene that disintegrates the tissues of the face in <1 wk. Noma can become inactive with early stage antibiotic treatment. Traditional healers, known as mai maganin gargajiya in Hausa, play an important role in the health system and provide care to noma patients. Methods We conducted 12 in-depth interviews with caretakers who were looking after noma patients admitted at the Noma Children's Hospital and 15 traditional healers in their home villages in Sokoto state, northwest Nigeria. We explored perceptions of noma, relationship dynamics, healthcare practices and intervention opportunities. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed and translated. Manual coding and thematic analysis were utilised. Results Traditional healers offered specialised forms of care for specific conditions and referral guidance. They viewed the stages of noma as different conditions with individualised remedies and were willing to refer noma patients. Caretakers trusted traditional healers. Conclusions Traditional healers could play a crucial role in the early detection of noma and the health-seeking decision-making process of patients. Intervention programmes should include traditional healers through training and referral partnerships. This collaboration could save lives and reduce the severity of noma complications.
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Akpor, Oluwaseyi, Tunrayo Oluwadare, Omotola Taiwo, Bukola Aladenika, and Oghenerobor Akpor. "Feeding and weaning practices among mothers of under-five children in selected primary health care centres in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 14 (January 28, 2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1211.
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An appropriate diet is necessary in the growth and health status of children especially in the first two years of life. This study determined the feeding and weaning practices among mothers of children below the age of five years in two selected Primary Healthcare Centres in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study design was descriptive and cross sectional using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, 200 mothers who were purposely selected participated in the study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for data analysis. Findings from the study revealed that the main practice of feeding of infants was breastfeeding, the majority of the mothers started to wean their children at about 6 – 7 months. Also, the major type of weaning practiced by mothers was abrupt weaning, majority of the mothers had good knowledge of feeding and weaning including how beneficial exclusive breastfeeding is, though it is just a few of them that practice exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, complementary feeding education that will involve the use of various media most especially the primary health facilities is paramount for optimal health of infants. Also teaching should focus on the type of weaning and mothers should be educated on the consequences of abruptly weaning a child.
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Sibiri, Elliot A. "Socio-Ecological Effects and Coping Strategies of Migrant Fishermen in Selected Communities in Gbarain & Ekpetiama Clans of Bayelsa State Nigeria." GIS Business 1, no. 5 (September 10, 2006): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v1i5.5146.
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The migration of the fishing folks remains one of the most important demographic factors that affect the environment. Despite this awareness, the study of population and the terrestrial environment has been under-researched. This study therefore examined the socio-ecological effects and coping strategies of migrant fishermen in Gbarain and Ekpetiama Clans of Bayelsa State. This study is anchored on social ecological model. The survey interviewed 180 migrant fishermen in a snowball sampling technique using questionnaire in four communities (Agudama-Ekpetiama, Tombia, Gbarantoru and Polaku) of the clans. Descriptive statistics was utilized as the analytical tool of the data collected from the field of study. Findings showed that 67.8% of the respondents indicated suspicion about the social relationship that existed between migrant fishermen and the host communities. Out of these, about 37.0% said the suspicion was based on the fear of species’ extinction due to the use of chemical substances (8.3%) for fishing, 30.6% signified wife elopement as the reason for suspicion, 18.9% said fear of religious sects invasion in their communities. Because of the feedback loop system of the migrant fishermens activities on the environment, findings further revealed that most migrant fishermen (71.1%) were faced with ill-health conditions. Findings also revealed that most migrant fishermen (61.1%) coped with their ill-health conditions by patronizing traditional and spiritual healers for health care. This study therefore concluded that while migrant fishermen should be encouraged to establish cordial relationship with the host communities, the use of chemical substances or other methods of fishing that may result to ecological problem should be discouraged.
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Bhattacharya, Antoinette Alas, Elizabeth Allen, Nasir Umar, Ahmed Audu, Habila Felix, Joanna Schellenberg, and Tanya Marchant. "Improving the quality of routine maternal and newborn data captured in primary health facilities in Gombe State, Northeastern Nigeria: a before-and-after study." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e038174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038174.
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ObjectivesPrimary objective: to assess nine data quality metrics for 14 maternal and newborn health data elements, following implementation of an integrated, district-focused data quality intervention. Secondary objective: to consider whether assessing the data quality metrics beyond completeness and accuracy of facility reporting offered new insight into reviewing routine data quality.DesignBefore-and-after study design.SettingPrimary health facilities in Gombe State, Northeastern Nigeria.ParticipantsMonitoring and evaluation officers and maternal, newborn and child health coordinators for state-level and all 11 local government areas (district-equivalent) overseeing 492 primary care facilities offering maternal and newborn care services.InterventionBetween April 2017 and December 2018, we implemented an integrated data quality intervention which included: introduction of job aids and regular self-assessment of data quality, peer-review and feedback, learning workshops, work planning for improvement, and ongoing support through social media.Outcome measures9 metrics for the data quality dimensions of completeness and timeliness, internal consistency of reported data, and external consistency.ResultsThe data quality intervention was associated with improvements in seven of nine data quality metrics assessed including availability and timeliness of reporting, completeness of data elements, accuracy of facility reporting, consistency between related data elements, and frequency of outliers reported. Improvement differed by data element type, with content of care and commodity-related data improving more than contact-related data. Increases in the consistency between related data elements demonstrated improved internal consistency within and across facility documentation.ConclusionsAn integrated district-focused data quality intervention—including regular self-assessment of data quality, peer-review and feedback, learning workshops, work planning for improvement, and ongoing support through social media—can increase the completeness, accuracy and internal consistency of facility-based routine data.
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Akeju, Kemi, Taiwo Owoeye, Raphael Ayeni, and Lucy Jegede. "Variations in Desired Fertility Preferences among Young and Older Women in Nigeria: Evidence from Demographic Health Survey 2018." Open Public Health Journal 14, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502114010084.
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Background: Despite many countries of the world with fertility below replacement level, fertility rate in Nigeria remains high with contributing factors associated with high fertility preference and the desire for large families. Objectives: This paper explores variations in desired fertility preference among Nigerian women within the reproductive ages 15 to 49. It considers the impact of proximate factors of age, wealth, education, use of contraceptives, and other associated factors on fertility preference. Methods: Using Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS 2018) data, responses of 33924 women with children of 0-60months (birth recode file) were considered. Fertility preference is measured by “ideal no of children”. Responses from the dataset were coded into two groups (desire 1-4 children and desire more than 4 children) based on the implicit Four-child Policy of National Policy on Population for Development, Unity, Progress, and Self-reliance of 1988. We use descriptive statistics, logistic regression and cox proportional regression to identify the size and associating impacts of identified explanatory variables on the two groups. Results: Many Nigerian women desire more than four children, with ideal family desire of more than four children higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Wealthy and educated households have lower fertility preferences. Younger women within ages 15-29 tend to desire lower fertility but use fewer contraceptives than middle-aged women 30-49. Only 12% of Nigerian women within the reproductive ages use contraceptives. Conclusion: Educating younger women through community-based sensitization programs would reduce the desire for large family size and prevent unintended pregnancy.