Journal articles: 'Child labour'

1

Donnelly, Peter. "CHILD LABOUR, SPORT LABOUR." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 32, no. 4 (1997): 389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101269097032004004.

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Nanda, Samir Kumar. "CHILD & LABOUR SCENARIO IN ODISHA." @rquivo Brasileiro de Educação 7, no. 15 (2019): 76–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-7344.2018v7n15p75-102.

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Based upon research in the state of Odisha in India, this article describes the labour scenario in the state of Odisha during the last 82 years. Odisha became separate state on 1st April 1936. Eighty-two years since the momentous day, much has changed in the Labour relation, Juveniles, Child Labour problem & Migrant Workers of Odisha. This article also explains the magnitude of child labour and steps taken by the Government to eliminate child labour, formation of Labour Union, status of migrant workers and bonded labour in the state of Odisha. Here an effort has been made to analyse the status of child labours as well as other labours in Odisha. Identification of the area of concentration of child labour & evaluations of dimensions of the problem has been made.

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Gupta, Sangeeta. "Child Labour : A Social Diagnosis." Contemporary Social Sciences 27, no. 4 (2018): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/27/58319.

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4

Ram, Susan, Myron Weiner, and Neera Burra. "Child Labour." Social Scientist 24, no. 1/3 (1996): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3520123.

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Avasthi, Satish Kumar, and Rishi Dutt Avasthi. "Child Labour." Community and Public Health Nursing 1, no. 1 (2016): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/cphn.2455.8621.1116.11.

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Scanlon, T. J. "Child labour." BMJ 325, no. 7361 (2002): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7361.401.

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McKECHNIE, JIM, and SANDY HOBBS. "Child Labour." Childhood 6, no. 1 (1999): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568299006001007.

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Scanlon, Tom. "Child labour." Lancet 351, no. 9097 (1998): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)78168-x.

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9

Cooper, James. "Child Labour." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 52, no. 3 (1997): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070209705200302.

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10

Sebastian, Vicente. "Child Labour." Business Ethics: A European Review 6, no. 4 (1997): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00071.

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Scanlon, Thomas J., Vivien Prior, Maria Luiza Nobre Lamarao, Margaret A. Lynch, and Francesca Scanlon. "Child labour." BMJ 325, Suppl S4 (2002): 0210354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0210354.

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Anwar, Elspeth, and Therese Hesketh. "Child labour." BMJ 336, Suppl S6 (2008): 0806248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0806248.

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Dr. P. Subramanian, Dr P. Subramanian. "Globalisation and Child Labour - Some Thoughts." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 2 (2011): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2013/21.

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P. Soundrarajan, P. Soundrarajan. "Child Labour and its Real Picture." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 2 (2011): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2013/27.

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15

Rahaman, Hasibul. "Child Labour in India : A Profile." Journal of National Development 31, no. 2 (2018): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/31/58294.

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16

Bala, Meenu, and Dr Geetika Sood. "Child Labour: A Curse on Humanity." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (2019): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23606.

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17

Sharp, David. "Child labour versus child work." Lancet 348, no. 9026 (1996): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)64688-0.

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18

Lederer, Norman, Assefa Bequele, and Jo Boyden. "Combating Child Labour." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 43, no. 2 (1990): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2523713.

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EATON, MARTIN, and CARLOS PEREIRA DA SILVA. "Portuguese Child Labour." Childhood 5, no. 3 (1998): 325–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568298005003006.

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MYERS, WILLIAM E. "Considering Child Labour." Childhood 6, no. 1 (1999): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568299006001002.

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WOODHEAD, MARTIN. "Combatting Child Labour." Childhood 6, no. 1 (1999): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568299006001003.

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22

Barrech, Sadia, Muhammad Din, and Allauddin Allauddin. "Sociological Analysis Of Domestic Child Labor." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 19, no. 1 (2019): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v19i1.80.

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 A large number of children are engaged in child labour as domestic worker and this trend is common in developing countries. Child domestic labor is usually practiced in rural and urban areas across Pakistan. Even educated and well-to-do people frequently engage young children to work in their homes as domestics, kitchen assistants or baby-sitters. In worse forms, child domestic labor takes place over very unfair tools, counting child trafficking and bonded labor. The aim of the present study is to examine the Socio-economic characteristics of respondent’s causes of child domestic labor. Universe of the study was Quetta city and 120 respondents were selected through snow ball sampling. According to findings of the study the child laborers work for longer hours on low wages. They often face physical abuse and some time sexual abuse by their employers. The need is to implement the labour laws so that children can be protected from domestic labour.

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23

Nagesha, B., and Ravindranath N. Kadam. "Problems and Perspectives of Child Labour in India-An Overview." International Journal of Management and Development Studies 12, no. 8 (2023): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v12n08.001.

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Child labor is an international phenomenon. However, it varies greatly in size and scope from one nation to the next. Despite numerous steps done by governmental and non-governmental organizations to address this issue, India has the highest child labor force in the world. We must first grasp and comprehend the concept of labor before we can comprehend the concept of child labor. An important difference between humans and animals is that animals use only the products of nature, but humans adapt and transform nature to serve their purposes. The present study deals with study the nature and extent of of child labour, to identify the causes of child labour in India problems and causes of child labour in India. The present study it is based on only secondary sources of information.

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Sharma, A., S. Kukreja, and A. Sharma. "Impact of Labour Laws on Child Labour: A case of Tourism Industry." International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics 1, no. 3 (2012): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31270/ijame/01/03/2012/07.

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25

Irsan, Irsan, Suparman Abdullah, and Buchari Mengge. "Eksploitasi Pekerja Anak: Kajian Terhadap Pekerja Anak di Sektor Perikanan." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 5, no. 1 (2022): 805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v5i1.1307.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the forms of exploitation of child labour in the fisheries sector and the resistance of workers to the exploitation they experience. The problem of this research is in the form of exploitation against child labour and resistance against child labour against exploitation experienced. To approach this problem, Collins' theory of exploitation and conflict is used as a reference. The data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation and analyzed qualitatively. Determining the informants using purposive sampling by the classification of the informants, namely the main informant of the employer and the informant who supports the family of child workers. The results showed that the forms of exploitation of child labour in the fisheries sector were violations of children's rights, namely labour exploitation (nipattolo-tolo), physical exploitation (nipattuju tedong), and mental exploitation (coto tena jenena). The form of child labour resistance to exploitation is carried out individually and in groups through. Exploitation that labours against child labour is not taken for granted, resistance to exploitation occurs in line with the experience and understanding of child labour towards the conditions of exploitation experienced.

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26

Kumar, Shakti. "Law to Combat Child Labour in India." International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 7 (2012): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/dec2012/17.

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27

Meenu, Meenu. "Legislative provision with Respect to Child Labour." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (2019): 1755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23518.

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28

Acharya, Lalmani. "A Study of Health Status of Hotel and Restaurant Child Labor in Nepalgunj Sub-metropolitan." Academia Research Journal 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/academia.v1i1.48746.

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The major aim of this research paper was to investigate the present health condition of child laborers who were working in the hotel and restaurants of Nepalgunj. Socio-economic condition and family background were analyzed to find out the health condition, of labour children. The study is mainly based on primary data collected form Nepalgunj Sub-metropolitan using purposive sampling techniques. 150 people in total responded to the survey. It is now widely acknowledged that child exploitation is a serious socioeconomic issue. Children are among the demographic groups that are most frequently neglected, abused, and subjected to the worst types of child labor. Child labor is a widespread occurrence in Nepal, both in terms of general employment and population. The child labor in hotel and restaurant is common in the urban areas of Nepal who are not getting proper health care and treatment. It is concluded from the study that child laborers in hotel and restaurant is one of the visible, exploitative and hazardous forms of child labour whose health condition is vulnerable. Poverty is one of the cause and consequence of child labour. It is linked to the socio-economic, political and cultural realities of the county. The adoption of new laws and policies only cannot prevent the child labour problem unless society as a whole is aware on child right issue.

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29

Dillon, Sara. "Child Labour and the Global Economy: Abolition or Acceptance?" Nordic Journal of International Law 84, no. 2 (2015): 297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08402007.

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This article traces the evolution of international attitudes toward child labour, and outlines its relationship to the global economy. It examines the way in which international treaties promulgated by the International Labor Organization (ilo) have conceived of child labour over time. At the national level, the most extreme pro-child labour position may be found in recent Bolivian legislation that recognizes work performed by children as young as ten years old. Much has been written on the problem of conflicting global values on child labour, but all agree that exploitative forms should be eliminated. The author updates her earlier recommendation that the World Trade Organization should place conditions on participation in the global economy by requiring its member states to honour core ilo standards. Eliminating exploitative child labour could thus be linked indirectly to the global economy, by requiring the elimination of children’s work detrimental to the child’s full development.

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30

Singh, Savita, and Pratima Shukla. "Causes of Growing Child Labor in India." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 11 (2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i11.005.

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Children are the country's new generations, and their proper development is the nation's prime focus. Youngsters all across the globe are involved in a wide range of work-related tasks. These vary from innocuous, even praiseworthy, hobbies to mentally damaging and deeply immoral persons. Forced labor is a difficult and sensitive topic. Millions of youngsters labour in appalling and unscrupulous situations that are plainly hazardous to their health. India is one of the leading nations in terms of the proportion of the workforce that is 'child abuse.' In recent years, A lot of attention has been paid to child labour from the Government, social scientists, voluntary organizations, etc. The Constitution of India also guarantees protection of the rights of children. Despite social consciousness and many prohibitions, the number of child labour is increasing. There are also many social factors of child labour such as inadequate family income, large families, poverty, illiteracy etc. Therefore, the issue of child labour needs to be looked into not only by the Legislature, the Executive and the Courts, but also to the social reformers, research and educational institutions of the NGO who look after the development and development of the nation. Child labour cannot end overnight because its roots are very deep. Laws should be strictly implemented to prevent child labour.

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31

Sinha, Shantha. "Child Labour and Education." Indian Journal of Human Development 7, no. 2 (2013): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703020130224.

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32

Pastorius, Catherine. "Portraits of child labour." Lancet 370, no. 9592 (2007): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61462-7.

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33

Hesketh, T. "Policy in child labour." Archives of Disease in Childhood 91, no. 9 (2006): 721–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.096263.

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34

Rosati, Furio Camillo, and Zafiris Tzannatos. "CHILD LABOUR IN VIETNAM." Pacific Economic Review 11, no. 1 (2006): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2006.00296.x.

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35

Kis-Katos, Krisztina, and Gunther G. Schulze. "REGULATION OF CHILD LABOUR." Economic Affairs 25, no. 3 (2005): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2005.00563.x.

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36

D’Alessandro, Simone, and Tamara Fioroni. "Child labour and inequality." Journal of Economic Inequality 14, no. 1 (2016): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10888-015-9319-x.

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37

Ishaque, Abdul Thawwab, Abdul Raheem Rizvie, and Muhammed Ifham Mohamed Imtiyas. "Psychogenic impact of child labour in Pakistan." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 74, no. 7 (2024): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.10714.

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Madam, Child labour is a pressing global issue, with millions of children affected by its consequences. Currently, millions of children worldwide are trapped in various forms of labour, disrupting their education and robbing them of a proper childhood. Child labour in Pakistan is alarmingly on the rise, with over 3.3 million children trapped in its grasp.1 Approximately 12.5 million children are ensnared in various labour activities, perpetuating a cycle of poverty and denying them their right to education and a proper childhood.2 Shockingly, predictions from the World Economic Forum indicate this number could escalate to 16 million by fiscal year-end.2 A study conducted in three urban squatters of Karachi ., found that behavioural problems afflict 9.8% of working children in Pakistan, with peer and conduct issues being the most prevalent.3 Compounding the concern, Pakistan’s sole National Child Labor Survey in 1996 raises significant doubts about data reliability and comprehensiveness.1 Pakistan’s attempts to combat child labour, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) initiated almost three decades ago, have fallen short due to a lack of an established public coordinated child protection case management and referral system, aligned with international standards.4 Legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms which prohibit child labour such as The Employment of Children Act-1991 exist in Pakistan.5 But they lack the potency needed to effectively curb this pervasive problem due to the persistence of child labour attributed to socioeconomic factors, restricted educational access, and insufficient social support systems. To effectively address this crisis on a long-term basis, a multi-pronged strategy is essential. Strengthening and rigorously enforcing child labour laws is paramount to shielding children from violence and exploitation. A comprehensive legislation incorporating a child protection case management system and referral mechanism is imperative, ensuring children’s rights, quality education, and safeguarding against exploitation. Focused interventions must enhance education access in underserved communities, providing viable alternatives to child labour. Raising awareness among parents, communities, and employers about the enduring harm of child labour is vital. Collaborative endeavours involving governmental bodies, NGOs, and international partners are pivotal for successful implementation and sustainability. An urgent need exists for an updated national child labour survey, reflecting the current socio-economic context to inform future decisions. In summary, urgent action is needed to address Pakistan's child labour's psychological toll. A multifaceted strategical approach can pave the way for a brighter future for every child.

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38

KOSURI, Dr SRIGOURI. "Leader of The Tomorrow (Protection of Child labour)." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 5 (2011): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2014/90.

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39

Balamurugan, J. "Role of Mass Media to Prevent Child Labour." Journal of Advanced Research in Journalism & Mass Communication 06, no. 02 (2019): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2395.3810.201903.

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40

Bhukuth, Augendra, and Jérôme Ballet. "Is child labour a substitute for adult labour?" International Journal of Social Economics 33, no. 8 (2006): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290610678734.

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41

Ahmad, Nehaluddin. "Child labour: ground realities of Indian labour laws." Commonwealth Law Bulletin 37, no. 1 (2011): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050718.2010.524287.

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42

Strulik, Holger. "Child Mortality, Child Labour and Economic Development." Economic Journal 114, no. 497 (2004): 547–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00231.x.

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43

Souza, André Portela. "Book Review: Labor Economics: The Economics of Child Labour." ILR Review 60, no. 2 (2007): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390706000212.

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Chellikumar, J. A. Arul, and P. Paramasivam. "A Study on Problems Faced by Female Child Labor in Unorganized Sector of Palladam Taluk in Tirupur District." International Review of Business and Economics 1, no. 1 (2018): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.1.1.1.

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Child labor in India is to be found in almost every sector of the informal economy. Despite India´s fast economic growth since the 1990s, many challenges remain for youth at risk, particularly the girl child. The Indian Girl Child who faces gender discrimination on various levels. Due to her lower status in the society, a girl child laborer is even more deprived. Child labor is still a prevalent issue in India. Gender is a crucial determinant of whether a child engages in labour. While child labour is an infringement of the rights of all children boys and girls alike girls often start working at an earlier age than boys, Girls also tend to do more work in the home than boys. Hence, this study focused on what are the problems faced by female child labor and their socio- economic conditions in Palldam taluk of Tirupur District of Tamilnadu.

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45

Ferdousi, Khaleda, and Md Ali Reza Faruk. "Involvement of child labour in aquaculture activities in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 3, no. 3 (2016): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v3i3.30735.

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A study was conducted to know the involvement of child labour in various aquaculture activities in two upazilas namely Trishal and Muktagacha in Mymensingh district. Data were collected during December 2013 to April 2014 from 35 aqua farms having 492 workers, among them 100 (20.33%) were identified as child labour. All the child workers were interviewed through structured questionnaire. Feed preparation, feeding, sorting and grading of fish and rearing of fry in ponds were the major activities where maximum child labours were found to involve. It was observed that the main cause of children to involve such activities was poverty and dropped out from school. Overall 71% child labour worked to support their family and 48% recruited according to their parents decision. About 55% child labour worked more than 60 hours per week and few (19%) of them got break during working hours. The child workers had very limited freedom in their working area and found to be abused mentally and physically to some extent by the farm owners. The children were also found associated with various hazardous works like contact with chemical, long time work in water logged area and lifting heavy weight. Generally, the farm owners recruited child labour in their farms as cheap worker and majority (77%) of the farm owners have no idea about the current laws of recruitment of child labour. More studies are needed to establish the extent of child labour in overall aquaculture sector of Bangladesh. It is also important to implement effectively the national minimum age legislation for aquaculture.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(3): 433-442, December 2016

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Ahmad Kamal Nik Mahmod, Nik, Marhanum Che Mohd Salleh, Ashgar Ali Muhammad, and Azizah Mohd. "A Study on Child Labour as a Form of Child Abuse in Malaysia." International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 6, no. 7 (2016): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijssh.2016.v6.704.

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47

Khan, Rana Ejaz Ali. "Children in Different Activities: Child Schooling and Child Labour." Pakistan Development Review 42, no. 2 (2003): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i2pp.137-160.

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Using primary data from two districts of Pakistan, this article analyses the supplyside determinants of child labour. The study finds that the birth-order of the child has a significant association with schooling and labour decision of child: first school enrolment of children is delayed; there exists gender disparity in favour of male children; the children from female-headed households are more likely to go to school; the education of the head of household has a positive impact on child’s schooling; among the parent’s parameters mother’s education is more important than father’s; parental education is positively associated with child schooling and negatively associated with child labour. The ownership of assets impacts the schooling positively, and labour negatively; the household size affects the schooling negatively, and work positively; and household composition also has a significant effect on schooling and child labour. The children from urban areas are more likely to go to school.

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Williams, O., B. Famuyiwa, and I. Abdulkarim. "Perception of Nigerian Cocoa Farmers on Child Labour: Implications for Hazardous Child Labour." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 10, no. 3 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2016/21644.

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Ali, Karamat, and Rana Ejaz Ali Khan. "Simultaneous Decision Making of Child Schooling and Child Labour in Pakistani Urban Households." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 9, no. 1 (2004): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2004.v9.i1.a6.

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In recent years, there has been a rapidly expanding literature on child labour that provides empirical evidence on its nature and determinants. The previous literature on Pakistani child labour includes Khan (1982), Hussain (1985), Ahmed (1991), Khan and Ali (1991) and Weiner and Noman (1995), and recently Addision, et. al. (1997), Burki and Fasih (1998), Ray (2000a), Ray (2000b), Ray (2001) and Ali and Khan (2003). Some studies (see for instance Khan 1982; Ahmed 1991) discuss mainly the qualitative features of child labour. The recent literature has focused attention on the quantitative aspect, taking advantage of the increasing availability of good quality data on child labour. Within the empirical literature on child labour, there has been a shift in emphasis from more quantification to an econometric analysis of its determinants. As child labour is seen to result from the same variables influencing child schooling but in inverse, so school enrolment is strongly correlated with child labour. Child labour commitments are major reasons for children’s non-participation in school. So the literature has moved to incorporate child schooling and child labour and thus analyses schooling and child labour jointly (see for instance, Degraff et. al. 1993; Mahmood et. al. 1994). The present study is one of this category.

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AjaNwachuku, Mike Akpa. "A Critical Review of Child Labour in Nigeria and The Case for Child Entrepreneurship." Rechtsidee 3, no. 2 (2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v3i2.371.

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Nigeria and the world over condemn forced or exploitative labour of a child, for the obvious reason of the adverse physical, psychological, mental and emotional effect of it on children. What is condemned is not child labour per se, but child forced or exploitative labour. This paper analyses the condemnable child forced or exploitative labour, distinguishes it from the accepted child labour and makes a case for the advancement from child labour to child entrepreneurship. It posits that the advancement to child entrepreneurship shall enable the Nigerian child to contribute their bit to the financial wellbeing of their family and the economic development of Nigeria.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Child labour'

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