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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Child Rights'
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1
Collins, Tara Maeve. "The monitoring of the rights of the child : a child rights-based approach." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2007. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1593.
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Due to the lacunae between legal obligations to human rights and the actual situation, monitoring is an essential component of the international and national human rights system. Monitoring illuminates the situation of human rights commitments and ensures the relevancy of instruments. The thesis explores monitoring in relation to the rights of the child and submits that a child rights-based approach is essential. Monitoring should not only consider the status and nature of child rights, but a child rights-based approach should also guide efforts so that they improve as well as reflect and respect children's rights. The study defines monitoring and describes a child rights-based approach. As a subject of legal investigation, the thesis then addresses several questions. How do international and national monitoring efforts respect child rights? How have the supervision of international conference agreements supported child rights? Furthermore, how do different countries monitor? National activities are examined through case studies of two Commonwealth countries: Canada and South Africa. Then, analysis is presented about how actors interpret and execute monitoring and the significance of different approaches. Lastly, the rationale, challenges and existing support of a child rights-based approach are discussed. In sum, a child rights-based approach is not generally utilised and the implications of child rights upon the monitoring process are not yet realised. Most monitors, whether international, regional or domestic, inadequately consider the demands of child rights upon the process of ascertaining the situation of children's rights. Proposed guidelines are appended to support a child rights-based approach to monitoring.
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Poh, Boon-nee, and 傅文毅. "Children's rights and child abuse." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250269.
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Poh, Boon-nee. "Children's rights and child abuse /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470812.
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Sithole, Mabel D. "Child refugee rights in Cape Town: the right to access education." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11454.
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Child refugee rights are a pertinent issue in the Republic of South Africa. South Africa's progressive Constitution (1996) stipulates the right of all children to access education without discrimination. This research project used a rights based approach to education research to identify some of the factors that promote or hinder child refugee access to education. I used qualitative case study methodology to collect data from Cape Town, South Africa.
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Grime, Jill. "Children in between : child rights and child placement in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3675/.
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This thesis examines the appropriateness of the use of rights based strategies in meeting children's needs. In an era of proliferating international conventions this is an issue that demands further debate. The starting point of the thesis is the way that rights talk about children. It is suggested that ideas of difference are integral to child rights. Needs and rights are attributed on the basis of difference. The difference between children and adults is defined and informed by the scientifically based discourse of child development, on which a prescriptive model of childhood is built. Difference also structures the relationship between child rights and other cultural norms of childhood. Rights make claims to a universal application. Other constructions of childhood are redefined as local, and required to fit into the rights framework, or delegitimised. Developing these points it is asked whether rights, as an internationally dominant discourse, can succeed in accommodating rather than excluding difference, since the process of exclusion involves an operation of power which serves to reinforce the status quo. This is a problem that is recognised in some theoretical perspectives (although only rarely applied to child rights). The response is usually in terms of restating universal claims, or advocating some form of cultural relativism. This thesis leans in favour of the latter. However, it also departs somewhat from this dichotomy, and argues, relying on ideas of chaos and complexity, that child rights need to be reworked. Two distinct approaches are suggested: either the recognition of radical, incommensurable difference, in which there can at best be convergence under a limited overarching framework of values; or the removal of difference as a structuring concept. The argument is elaborated through a detailed analysis, structured by theories of globalisation, of the interaction between the dominant rights discourse of childhood, and alternative conceptions of childhood in Sri Lanka. The analysis is based on field research, in which the response of the child care authorities to the practice of child placement was investigated, as was the impact on children and families of their responses. This investigation involved one of the only pieces of empirical research yet done in Sri Lanka, on either the juvenile courts, or on child placement and domestic service. The findings supported the conclusion that in order to be able to embrace complexity, and empower children, child rights need to be rethought.
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Tolley, Tamara Rose. "Understanding children's rights." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365523.
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Viviers, Andries. "The ethics of child participation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26096.
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Child participation is one of the fundamental principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), which South Africa ratified in 1995, together with (a) the best interest of the child; (b) survival, protection and development; and (c) non-discrimination (Hodgkin&Newell, 2002:17). It can be viewed as one of the cornerstones of child rights (and also human rights) as far as the Convention is concerned. The strongest foundations for children’s right to participation in society can be found in universally agreed upon human rights treaties as well as domestic laws. These provide, either directly or by interpretation, for the right of children to participate in claiming their civil and political rights (first order rights) as well as their social, economic and cultural rights (second order rights). It is apparent that the construction of childhood by the adult portion of society directly affects children’s ability to claim and execute their right to participation as citizens. These constructions of childhood are largely determined by the large differences in power between children and adults, where adults hold the power and decide when and how much power will be given to children, and by children’s perceived status as “lesser” than adults and, as such, needing to behave and respond in certain ways. Both these perceptions influence the meaningful participation of children. Despite progression being made globally on the importance and value of children’s participation, there remains a tension between children’s right to participation and society’s construct of children and childhood. While this tension prevails, it is important that mechanisms be found that will ensure that children’s right to participation is executed in a way that will ensure that society’s perceptions of childhood do not influence the quality of meaningful participation. Authentic and meaningful participation can be safeguarded by ensuring that participation occurs within a framework that spells out the ethical principles to which child participation should adhere. Research was undertaken to explore the foundations of child participation as a fundamental right, and to develop ethical principles for child participation for use in practice. As part of a qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult experts in child participation, and focus group discussions were held with children involved in child participation. From the study it was concluded that ethical principles for child participation are important to ensure that children are enabled to participate in an authentic and meaningful manner in all matters that affect them and their communities. Based on the findings and the conclusion, a framework for the ethical principles of child participation was developed. Recommendations included the following: - Publishing and dissemination of the framework for the ethical principles of child participation.
- Monitoring of child participation to ensure that it is ethical.
- Training in ethical child participation for all role players.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted
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Mawodza, Obdiah. "Protecting girls against child motherhood and the rights of child mothers in Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6827.
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Doctor Legum - LLDThe issue of child motherhood remains a key challenge, especially in developing countries such as Zimbabwe. Despite bearing the worst of its effects, Zimbabwe looks largely to have fallen short of answers to solve this problem. The focus has been on legal solutions to prevent and ban child marriages, which leaves the plight of child mothers and/or motherhood often forgotten. Interestingly, the 2016 landmark case of Mudzuru and another v Minister of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs which declared child marriages illegal serves as an eye opener to the challenges of how to legally protect child mothers in Zimbabwe. Though dealing with child marriages, the importance of the case is the fact that child marriages are the major contributor of adolescent motherhood in that married girls become predominantly child-bearers. According to provincial statistics in Zimbabwe, Manicaland and Mashonaland Central provinces have the highest number of child mothers averaging 27 and 30 per cent, respectively. The Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey reported that nine out of 10 teens aged 15 to 19 are sexually active, and two out three first have had sex before the age of 15. Therefore, girls are at risk of becoming child mothers, without necessarily being married. Consequently, the need to protect girls from early motherhood, and give effect to the rights of girls who are already child mothers becomes a pressing issue. Zimbabwe has made several international commitments to the realisation of children’s rights. It is a signatory to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, which contain provisions that protect girls against child motherhood and the rights of child mothers. In 2013, Zimbabwe adopted a new Constitution. It espouses a regime of justiciable children’s rights. It has also promulgated subsidiary laws that are also relevant to children’s rights. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to critically analyse legal and policy measures towards the protection of girls against child motherhood and the rights of child mothers in Zimbabwe.
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September, Jerome. "Children's rights and child labour: a comparative study of children's rights and child labour legislation in South Africa, Brazil and India." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9175.
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Includes bibliographical references.This dissertation will, through the analysis of various pieces of legislation and taking account of the daily realities of children in South Africa, Brazil and India (IBSA), outline the progress made to reduce and eradicate the exploitation of children, through the elimination of child labour. These three countries are chosen because of the particular challenges they face, but also because as part of the IBSA group, they have committed themselves to working together in the advancement of key international matters, including issues of human rights and social justice. The India, Brazil and South Africa (IBSA) group has further recently been held up as a global example for the efforts made by nations in the elimination of the worst forms child labour. The ultimate goal is the total elimination of child labour. This dissertation will draw attention to the complexities and contradictions in policy and practice, with particular reference to concepts such as ‘Child Labour’ and the ‘Worst Forms of Child Labour’. This dissertation will compare [the experience of] childhood in these countries, and explore the risk factors that place particular children, and families, at risk of utilising child labour as a source of income.
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Sedighi, Sara. "Child combatants in armed groups : balancing criminal liability with the rights of the child." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-121379.
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Kilkelly, Ursula. "The child and the European Convention on Human Rights." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263401.
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Ahmed, Najma. "Child rights : A study of the rights of children in Kenya and violations of the rights of children in Kenya." Thesis, Enskilda Högskolan Stockholm, Avdelningen för mänskliga rättigheter och demokrati, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-1356.
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This essay is about children's rights in one African country namely Kenya. It includesinternational documents like the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) andthe regional African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC). The thesis alsoanalyzes the differences between these documents and also the Sustainable development goals arediscussed and how they directly touch children's rights.This thesis also deals with the topic of how children's rights are protected by the Kenyanconstitution . It will mention the international laws and conventions that Kenya is obligated toimplement and follow in order to guarantee the kenyan children their rights. During the work wewill take a look at legislations and policies that Kenya has established to promote and protect therights of the children in Kenya.I will analyze some of the violations of the rights of children in Kenya and will be mainly focusingon laws and policies that the country established. The thesis also includes an investigation ofwhich children's rights are violated in Kenya. It consists of statistics and what the laws in Kenyasay about these violations.
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Anwo, Joel Olasunkanmi. "A comparative analysis of the rights of the child with particular reference to child soldiers." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/102.
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The recruitment, enlistment and forceful conscription of children as soldiers is a cause for grave concern all over the world and most especially in Africa, where years of factional fighting, civil wars and cross border conflicts have raged, children and youth have been pulled into violence not only as victims, but also as perpetrators. The involvement of children in war posses a severe challenge to prevailing moral and legal norms of the conduct of modern warfare. A major problem and most controversial issue, among others, is on the age at which children should be eligible to become combatants. Children, who may be viewed as a valuable resource due to their often inherent malleability, wish to avenge family member(s) killed in war, sense of immunity to danger, and or feeling of power in participating in the violence. Can the use of children as soldiers be effectively regulated in Africa? All efforts to assist child soldiers in recovering from the devastating effects of wars often unwillingly helped promote the growing number of child soldiers. This is in part because wars are now more fought internally among rebel armies and factions vying for power with the government and thus enlist children into their various armies. The study comes to a conclusion that drastic steps need to be taken to ameliorate this unfortunate situation. This formed the basis of the recommendations offered in the thesis to assist the African continent.
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Lind, Sara. "Child work: empowerment or violation of rights? : Stories from former Child Workers in Cochabamba, Bolivia." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, Globala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49272.
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Many international conventions concern child labour and child work and this practice tend to often be viewed as a violation of child rights. However, the discourse has changed and a tension among universalistic and relativistic scholars risen. The former tends to condemn child work under the age of 14 and the latter claims that culture needs to be taken into account arguing that child work, is not necessarily a violation of rights. This study analyses narratives from former child workers in Cochabamba, Bolivia. It aims to increase the understanding of experiences from child workers and how it relates to Child Rights from a universalistic and relativistic perspective and to identify reasons for child work. The findings demonstrate that the experiences vary a lot and that there is a complexity in the practice of child work. The respondents have experienced violation of rights at their work, but on the other hand, has the income enabled them to fulfil other rights. The relativistic and universalistic perspective both serve to gain a deeper understanding of child work and its complex relationship of Child Rights. This argue for that one should strive to use both perspectives rather than embrace one and condemn the other. Economic need was identified as the main reason to why children were working.
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Smith, Anne Marie. "Translating rights : childhoods and the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Oaxaca City, Mexico." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428205.
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The starting point for this thesis is the acknowledgement of the gap between the rhetoric around children's rights and the reality of children's lives at grassroots level. The purpose of my research is to bring this gap into focus, by exploring the disparities between the multifaceted and fluid nature of children's roles and the ideals and vision encapsulated in the child rights discourse. This thesis argues that normative perceptions of childhood and children's roles, which are embedded in society, lie at the root of this disparity and maintain a clear boundary between childhood and adulthood. These understandings of childhood are at odds with the lived realities of children's lives in Oaxaca, which blur fixed boundaries and challenge normative perceptions of who, what, where and how children should be. This divergence, between perceptions of childhood and real experiences of childhood, raises important considerations for the practical implementation of the CRC at the grassroots level, and is apparent in terms of language and pedagogical methods within institutional approaches to children's rights. Via a discussion of these embedded notions of childhood and adultist approaches to child rights teaching and advocacy, this thesis uncovers a key obstacle to the implementation of the CRC in terms of meaningful knowledge for children in Mexico. Empirical research was carried out in Oaxaca City, Mexico, with two groups of children who were participants in CANICA, a local NGO for street-working children in the city, and with one group of displaced Zapotec children from the region of Loxicha.1 The major focus of my research centres on this latter group; socially marginalised, displaced, and politically active, these children pose a considerable challenge to normative concepts of childhood and children's roles. Moreover, as participants in a political struggle these children do not fit the kind of participation envisaged by the CRC, local NGOs and the wider advocacy around children's rights, thus raising important questions regarding the limits of 'child participation' framed by articles 12 to 15 of the eRe. The field known as the New Sociology of Childhood Games, Jenks and Prout 1998; Qvortrup 1994), together with the international discourse and advocacy of children's rights, provide useful conceptual tools for the research. However, this thesis argues that normative, dichotomous, and largely Northern concepts of childhood are inadequate for the study of children's lives in Southern contexts such as Mexico. A key aim of the thesis is to explore the development of a Latin American sociology of childhood as a possible and more adequate framework for the study of children's lives in this region.
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Mapapu, Ntombizodidi Jenniffer. "Child sex tourism in South Africa: A children's rights perspective." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6103.
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Master of ArtsIn the words of Najat Maall M'jid, former United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography: 'As the world reflects on the universal development goals for the post- 2015 era, bearing in mind the strong connections between economic, social, and political development and child protection issues, childsensitive protection must be included in the Post-2015 Development Agenda..' Three World Congresses against the Sexual Exploitation of Children between 1996 and 2008 convened to specifically address the rapidly advancing Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (herein referred to as CSEC). In these conferences global commitments were undertaken by countries partaking, to provide measures to prevent prohibit and protect children from sexual exploitation.
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Turner, Chase Parker. "Child Abuse, Racism and the State." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/47.
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Using a Millian framework, this thesis examines whether or not children are victims of child abuse when they are inculcated with racist belief systems. The conclusion is that children are not harmed and so not the victims of child abuse, but instead are badly parented.
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Adegbola, Ruth Esemeje. "Children’s rights in Africa : an appraisal of the African Committee of Experts on the rights and welfare of the child." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/5343.
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The purpose of this work is to appraise the mandate of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, seek out the loopholes and loose ends and propose positive and proactive ways in ensuring the fulfilment of the mandate of the Committee for an effective child rights promotion and protection in Africa.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Professor Tilahun Teshome, Faculty of Law, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Boushel, Margaret. "Making sense of children's rights : how professionals providing integrated child welfare services understand and interpret children's rights." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/.
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The purpose of this study is to contribute to the development of integrated child welfare services through an exploration of how professionals providing such services make sense of children's rights and interpret their understandings in their approach to practice. The study focuses on professionals providing services for children between 5 and 13 years old within the Every Child Matters initiative, designed to support the assessment and provision of integrated child and family preventive services in England. The aims were to explore professional understandings of, and engagement with children's rights, provide a description and analysis of the empirical data, and develop a theorised understanding of the factors influencing sense-making and their implications for professionals' interpretations of their role. Areas of interest included similarities and differences in professionals' understandings and how these matched the understandings of service users and those evident in legal and policy texts. It was anticipated that professionals' understandings and engagement would draw on a complex mix of variable knowledge and embedded assumptions and practices, contested and negotiated in relation to welfare structures, texts and professional identities. The study was designed to explore whether this was borne out. A post-modernist theoretical approach was used, drawing on Bourdieu's theories of structured inequalities and influenced by Actor Network Theory's perspectives on networks. Using qualitative methodologies a case study was undertaken within one local area, linking a range of elements in an iterative process, with data from one phase interwoven in the next. Thirty-nine semi-structured interviews with professionals from social work, education and health settings drew on material developed from focus group discussions with child and parent service users and were supplemented by analysis of legal and policy texts and of 30 case records and site-based observations. Initial findings were discussed in parent and professional focus groups. In a second stage analysis of a subset of the data, these findings were explored further and situated within research and academic debate on professional practices and theories of childhood and of rights. Three broad configurations emerged from the data, reflecting differing professionals' constructions and practice interpretations of children's rights. Some participants interpreted children's rights as an essential ‘golden thread' underpinning their practice; others took a more selective ‘pick and mix' approach; and in a third perspective, children's rights were positioned as ‘uncomfortable accommodations' in relation to interpretations of professional role and of family life. These varying dispositions and related interpretations of professionals' regulated liberties were associated with perspectives on childhood, rights knowledge, professional setting, personal dispositions and relational practices. The findings are necessarily tentative and a causal relationship cannot be inferred. Three overarching themes emerged across these configurations. These related to: a common rights language and framework; children's longer-term welfare rights; and conceptualisations of the role of rights within relationships. The absence of a common rights framework to support professional and interprofessional discussions of children's rights was evident across all settings, as was a professional focus on the immediate and lack of attention to children's longer-term welfare, civil and social rights. Participants indicated that providing information about children's rights and exploring rights-based relationships in work with parents and carers was very rare and often avoided. The study proposes that in order to address children's rights in a more consistent and holistic way professionals need opportunities to explore theories of human and children's rights using a broad common framework such as the UNCRC. In integrating children's rights within professional practice increased attention is needed to children's longer-term welfare and development rights and to providing children and adults with information about, positive modelling of and opportunities to explore the place of rights in children's key relationships.
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Melchiorre, Angela. "The right balance : The minimum age for marriage and the convention on the rights of the child." Thesis, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536783.
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Kaime, Thoko. "Protecting the rights and welfare of the African child : an assessment of the contribution of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443817.
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Mudimu, Godknows. "Reparations and child soldiers in Africa: the legal regime of reparations for former child soldiers under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15203.
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The involvement of children to fight in armed conflicts remains one of the main challenges towards the full realization of children's rights on the African continent. Despite a substantive legal framework affording protection and prohibiting the enlisting and recruitment of child soldiers, this practice remains prevalent in many parts of Africa particularly in the Great Lakes Region. As a result of their childhood and the traumatic events they are exposed to during armed conflicts, children inexorably suffer from many forms of harm including physical, mental and psychological harm. Addressing this harm as a matter of urgency is crucial for the proper and effective reintegration of these children into society. The Rome Statute departs from the silence of many international criminal law instruments which focus exclusively on the prosecution and sentencing of criminals overlooking the needs of the victims of international crimes by offering redress. It introduces a new and unique reparative system that aims at providing redress to the victims of international crimes within the courts' jurisdiction. This reparative regime which is still in its early life stages faces many challenges and uncertainties. In its first case dealing with principles relating to reparations, the International Criminal Court (ICC) showed these challenges and the difficulty of establishing permanent guidelines on future reparations to former child soldiers who are victims of the international crime(s) of the enlisting and recruitment to fight as combatants. Clear principles can help current and future victims by having an insightful and realistic expectation of the modalities and the scope of the reparation award they can get from the ICC.
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Lalou, Caroline Suze Elisabeth. "Child prostitution in international law : a critical examination of a violation of the rights of the child." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362785.
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Mkali, Theodora Talumba. "Children's rights and girl child marriages : a case study for Malawi." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20810.
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The harmful traditional practice of child marriage remains one of the main challenges towards the full realization and enjoyment of children's rights in Africa. In the sub-Saharan Africa alone, countries such as Malawi are faced with the problem of child marriage where as high as 40% of the women are married as children. Malawi has a substantive legal framework that affords protection and prohibits the harmful practice of child marriage. However, child marriages remain prevalent in Malawi where harmonisation of the laws is problematic. This has the effect of robbing the girl child of her childhood, access education and health among other rights that she is entitled. Addressing this problem in Malawi as a matter of urgency is crucial for the promotion, protection and realisation of children's rights, especially to the girl child. This study therefore conducts an analysis of the legal framework and contextual practice of child marriage in Malawi based on desk research of various laws in Malawi and literature. This analysis is premised on the understanding that human rights law within a legal framework plays a major role towards ensuring that young girls are protected from child marriage and its attendant consequences. This study has found that the laws of Malawi are not synchronised with each other especially with the Malawi Constitution with regard to protecting the rights. The case in point for instance is the recent passing of the Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Act which reflects international and regional human rights standards, but is inconsistent with the Constitution of Malawi. It is recommended that Malawi should through the law address the practice of child marriage by amending the Constitution to remove any ambiguities. In this regard, creating a protective legal framework must not be done in vain. This should be supported by effective implementation of national development plans that aim to realise the rights of children, especially the girl child.
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Singh, Ammar Bahadur. "Child Clubs as the Defenders of Children's Rights in Nepalese Context." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Norsk senter for barneforskning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17559.
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Children are seen as competent social actors in new social studies of childhood and proponents of which seek for children’s participation in all matters that are of interest to children, and simultaneously and thereafter influence the decision making process that affect them in both explicit and implicit terms. Additionally, the UNCRC in articles 12 and 13 legally provisions for the participation of children to have a say on the issues of their concerns and their views should be taken into consideration. The community based child clubs seem to have emerged to meet this end. My thesis aimed at exploring the lived experiences of children involved in the community based child clubs in order to gain knowledge on how the clubs have been good defenders of children’s rights, particularly their right to participate and agency and what implications the clubs have in Nepalese society. Qualitative questionnaires as a gateway to enter the issue, and (semi) interviews, focus groups discussions and ranking as primary qualitative methods were used to collect data. Nine children, five girls and four boys, and six adults were the informants, but children were the focus of the research. The empirical data were further analyzed and interpreted. This research shows that the community based child clubs have been a good forum for children to get information on children’s rights and other issues, and develop their personal and social skills. Children’s participation in the social activities that are of direct interest to children has been the main focus of the clubs. Children lead, manage and implement the clubs activities and program themselves and hence children’s agency has been recognized and promoted. These clubs have brought positive changes to children themselves, their families and societies. Furthermore, the clubs have got a strong space in the society and challenged the traditional beliefs and practices that discourage child participation. Thus, it is reasonable to say that the child clubs have turned into a real crusader for informing, promoting and protecting children’s right to participate and hence develop their agency.
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Musonda, Patience Chomba. "Human Rights assessment on the reintegration of child soldiers in Uganda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/37364.
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Karlsson, Evelina, and Escobar Paola Rodriguez. "A Father’s Right to his Child : In relation to the mother’s right to the child in custody feuds." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11974.
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The aim of this study is to to look deeper into the subject of father’s rights to his child in relation to the rights of the mother in custody feuds. The hypothesis was that fathers were being discriminated in relation to mothers when it came to child-custody. This research has been done as a literature study with content analysis. The study has used to theoretical concepts to guide the focus in the analysis. The theoretical concepts are: the concept of Rights and the Gender Role Concept. The main results of the study showed that men were not being discriminated in legal context. However, a secondary result was that men could be considered to be discriminated from a gender role perspective. Gender role constructions and inequality was found to have effect on the outcome in custody feuds.
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Rispel, Shane-Leane. "The scope and content of the child's right to identidy in the context of surrogacy." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5703.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe development of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has radically changed the landscape of the conventional family. It has permitted a platform for the creation of families and family structures with tremendous diversity in their demographic characteristics. It has also changed the way in which individuals become parents. The advances in medical and scientific fertility treatments have meant that for many the dream of having a child of their own has now become a real possibility. Public perception and attitudes towards infertility treatments and more latterly surrogacy has changed tremendously and becoming increasingly acceptable. While there are those who have celebrated the advancement in reproductive technologies and potential freedoms that this may contain, ART has opened the proverbial Pandora's Box amongst scholars and the public policy makers, principally in the area of rights.
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Isaacs, Nthabiseng Rosalind Bertha. "Child justice: an analysis of the development of child justice reform in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020094.
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This dissertation addresses the developments of child justice in Botswana. The first ever child justice that was established is discussed with the aim to understand the influence it had on Botswana with regard to the nature of the proceedings and the founding principles of child justice and its application in the courts. International Conventions that have a bearing on the rights of children in Botswana, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty, the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child are discussed. The measures that are currently in place for the protection of children who are in conflict with the law are examined with particular emphasis on those children that are arrested and detained. A comparison is drawn between the Children’s Act CAP [28:04] OF 1981, the Children’s Act 8 of 2009 and the South African Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 and the differences between the systems are highlighted. The provisions of the 2009 Act pertaining to children in conflict with the law are discussed in depth and shortfalls of the 2009 Children’s Act are identified. Diversion, as a form of correctional action, is discussed in light of international conventions. The provisions regarding the diversion of child offenders in the Child Justice Act are interrogated. Trial procedures under the 2009 Children’s Act are discussed and compared to those in South Africa including measures in place for the sentencing child offenders in both Botswana and South Africa. After an analysis of the international conventions, legislation and case law, the conclusion is reached that there is a commitment in Botswana towards the protectionand realization of children’s rights especially those who are in conflict with the law. It is recommended in the conclusions that Botswana import some provisions of the Child Justice Act into domestic legislation in order to comprehensively address the plight of children in trouble with the law so as to strive towards maximum compliance with conventions that Botswana has signed.
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Louw, Sideen. "Rights of the child and Euthanasia in the context of South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7586.
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Magister Legum - LLMEuthanasia is controversial topic that attracts conversations on grounds of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The opinions of legal scholars are inconsistent because while some view euthanasia as a gross violation of one’s human rights, others argue that it should be regarded as a fundamental human right. Extending the ‘right to die’ to children is more controversial because they are considered to be a vulnerable demographic and generally presumed to be legally incompetent to exercise their rights autonomously. The State aims to protect children by restricting their rights rather than enhancing their autonomy and including them in the discussion. To that end, children are often excluded from decision-making on the understanding that they are legally incompetent and cannot comprehend the consequences of their decisions.
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Robinson, Jacobus Abraham. "The right to recovery and reintegration of child victims of armed conflict : a public subjective rights approach / Jacobus Abraham Robinson." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8400.
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The right of child victims of armed conflict to recovery and reintegration in essence is a particular exposition of the public law relationship. In this study reference is made to the theory of public subjective rights as it applies in German law to explain the relationship. Shortcomings in the theory are identified after which aspects of the Reformed Tradition are discussed to come to sound solutions. An effort is made to establish a theoretical framework in terms of which the relationship can be explained comprehensively.
The conclusion is reached that particular status aspects of child victims are activated in their relationship with the State. It is only in terms of the negative and positive status aspects (which relate to the juridical destination of the State) that child victims may demand negative or positive State conduct in their favour.Thesis (LL.M.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011
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Portellas, Laverne Fleur. "A critical analysis of child trafficking laws and policies in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12665.
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Includes bibliographical references.The trafficking of children has been recognised by the international community as a transnational organised crime that affects children globally. As the child rights movement has grown in momentum over the last few decades, so has the concern regarding the exploitation of children. Child trafficking is certainly one of the gravest forms of abuse currently perpetuated against a child and his/her rights. Despite the numerous policy documents, international treaties and various other legal documents prohibiting the sale of children for any purpose; these documents have not resulted in the decrease or elimination of child trafficking. This paper will engage with child trafficking through a human rights lens in order to highlight the full extent of child abuse perpetuated by child trafficking. It is due to the very nature of child trafficking that resulted in the international and regional community enacting legal instruments to deal with different aspects of this crime. These instruments require states to prevent and punish the trafficking of children. This paper will examine South Africa s child trafficking laws and policies having regard to its international and regional obligations.
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Cardamone, Nicole. "A Promising Approach: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child as an Instrument to Combat Child Poverty in the United States." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2015.
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Thesis advisor: M. Brinton LykesMost recent figures indicate that approximately one in five children in the United States is poor (Children’s Defense Fund, 2010; Moore et al., 2009). Thus, the United States ranks considerably below other Northern Hemisphere nations in indices of both child poverty and child well-being (Rainwater & Smeeding, 2003; UNICEF, 2007). Moreover, while the United States has not ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), this treaty has been central in reframing policy and practices towards reducing child poverty in some other Northern Hemisphere nations. Many authors and activists have suggested that US nonratification of this Convention is based on “American exceptionalism.” This paper examines these claims – and counterclaims – and explores, through comparisons with several other Northern Hemisphere nations, how the Convention on the Rights of the Child, if ratified and implemented through US policy and practice, could play a significant part in tackling child poverty in this nation
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: International Studies Honors Program
Discipline: International Studies
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Kamchedzera, Garton Sandifolo. "Access to property, the social trust and the rights of the child." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627623.
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Ogunde, Oluwafifehan O. "Entrenching child rights protection in Nigeria : the problem of constitution and culture." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52231/.
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The thesis examines child rights protection in Nigeria particularly in the context of problems created by the constitution and culture in establishing an effective child rights framework. Its central argument is that the peculiar constitutional arrangement hinders the effective implementation of the Nigerian Child Rights Act (CRA) 2003. It also argues that cultural perceptions with respect to children also serve as formidable opposition to the recognition of children as rights holders. Having argued along these lines, the thesis proposes certain reform measures that may be adopted in resolving the problems created by these factors and assesses their suitability to the Nigerian society.
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Rammule, Lorato Felicity. "International parental child abductions - remedial mechanisms within the African Human Rights System." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/5842.
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The purpose of this research is to look for a legal basis which a parent whose child has been abducted can retrieve his child. The Hague Convention deals with the question of parents who abduct their own children and take them to foreign countries. Discusses to what extent the African Human Rights System can complement the mechanism provided by the Hague Convention. The significance of this study is that it captures a seemingly harmless act for what it truly is.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007.
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Associate Professor John-Jean Barya of the Faculty of Law, University of Makerere, Uganda.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Wishart, Ruth Helen. "For their well-being : every day ethical dilemmas of child protection." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996.
Find full textAbstract:
This thesis presents an ethical reflection on the "every day" issues of child protection work and examines the ethical dimensions of decision-making in the domain of child
protection. While moral outrage has its place when responding to child abuse, it can not take the place of reflective ethical thinking and informed debate. Protecting
vulnerable children inevitably involves some intervention, often by the State, into family life. This intervention creates debate and conflict between the needs of children, the rights of the parents and the responsibilities of the State. Ethically appropriate responses, it is argued, are contextually dependent. Both the traditional and the critical analytical approaches to child protection policy, while articulating the socio-historical and political context, do not provide an adequately explicit account of
its ethical dimensions. In the wider context of child protection policy, ethical frameworks derived from rights based theories are useful. However, the direct application of ethical principles, suitable for framing policy that is responsive to the circumstances encountered by child protection workers, is fraught with difficulties.
Ethical frameworks that disregard the context can not properly address the imbalance of power that exists between adults and children. The complex tripartite relationship between the parent, the child and the State is
framed by a number of ethical questions: do children have rights to protection? What rights and obligations flow from parenthood? what rights does the State have to intervene to protect children? Answers to these questions must be guided by an overriding concern for the well-being of children.
The link between children's rights and children's needs is explored. Rights based approaches to child protection can not ignore the specific effects of intervention in
particular contexts. Feminist ethics and the ethic of care have been most attentive to the demands of context on ethical decision-making and practice. These approaches
seem most suited to decision-making at the every day level of child protection practice. Criticisms of the care perspective are explored and its limitations for
framing policy are noted. A child's well-being is dependent on child protection policy and practice drawing upon a combination of the justice and care perspectives. The
justice perspective guides child protection policy while the care perspective informs every day practice.
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Bell, Nancy Marie. "Young people at residential school rights, communications and 'complaints' /." Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/473/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Applied Social Studies, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Granlund, Stefan. "The Right to Social Security : South Africa in Between Rights and Relief." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254630.
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Social protection has become an important tool in efforts to eradicate poverty in developing countries and also risen strongly on the global development agenda the last decade. This thesis will look at different approaches to social protection and their relation to the human right to social security with South Africa as a case study. In using different scholars in the field of social protection and social justice together with qualitative fieldwork, the thesis explores the importance of social protection and the politics underlying efforts to protect the right to social security of South Africans living in poverty. The thesis suggests that South Africa’s social protection system lies somewhere in between rights and relief and more universal systems comply better with a rights based approach to social protection. Although significant progress has been made to social protection in South Africa the last decade, more needs to be done for South Africa to reduce rampant inequalities and combat poverty in the future.
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Brink, Ronelle Bonita. "The child accused in the criminal justice system." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1229.
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The high level of crime in South Africa raises the question about the failures of the criminal justice system on the one hand, and South Africa’s social policies on the other. Young people in South Africa can disproportionately be both victims and perpetrators of crime in the Republic of South Africa. The child accused in conflict with the law is dealt with in much the same way as their adult counterparts, as the criminal justice system was designed by adults for adults. South Africa became a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 19891(hereinafter referred to as UNCRC) on 16 June 1995. The UNCRC provides a backdrop to section 28 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act.2 Article 3(1) of the UNCRC provides as follows: “in all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be primary consideration.” South Africa is therefore according to article 40(3) of the UNCRC obliged to “establish laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children in conflict with the law”.3 In terms of article 40(1) of the UNCRC “State Parties recognise the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognised as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child’s sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child’s respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child’s age and the desirability of promoting the child’s reintegration and the child’s assuming a constructive role in society.”4 1 Adopted by the General Assembly resolution 44/25 on 20 November 1989. 2 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, Act 108 of 1996. Hereinafter referred to as the “Constitution”. 3 South Law Reform Commission Discussion Paper 96. 4 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted by the General Assembly resolution 44/25 on 20 November 1989. iv Synopsis 2003 states that “the Ratification of the UNCRC by the South African government in 1995 set the scene for broad-reaching policy and legislative change”.5 The Constitution includes a section protecting children’s rights, which includes the statement that children have the right not to be detained except as a measure of last resort and then for the shortest appropriate period of time, separate from adults and in conditions that take account of his/her age. 6 After being off Parliament’s agenda since 2003, the Child Justice Act7 has recently been reintroduced. The Act aims to ensure consistent, fair and appropriate treatment of the child accused in conflict with the law. The question arises whether the South African Criminal Justice system involving the child accused adequately recognises and protects the interests of the child accused, particularly in view of the present international legal position.
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Wismayanti, Yanuar F. "Understanding Child Sexual Abuse in Indonesia: A Critical Analysis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/397635.
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Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a global problem that affects children across cultures, nationalities and economic status. Under reporting of CSA is common. CSA remains a taboo issue that is sensitive to discuss, this often leads to stigma and shame. There are significant gaps in knowledge on the occurrence of CSA in Indonesia and this is reflected in fragmented and inconsistent responses. This can be seen in the literature review conducted for this thesis that found the contradictions in definitions of children within the laws have contributed to how and whether CSA cases are correctly recognised in Indonesia. These were based on the age of the child and their marital status; often this construction was especially discriminating against girls. Cultural practices can add to these difficulties as well as perpetuate myths or inaccuracies about the occurrence of CSA. As a result, there are challenges in understanding its prevalence. Indonesia has begun to recognise CSA as a significant problem requiring effective intervention and prevention. The national government has a strong national policy on child protection and commitment to addressing violence against children. This is consistent with the United Nations New Sustainable Development Goals which urge member countries to eliminate child violence, including CSA (World Health Organisation et al., 2016).
This thesis specifically aims (i) to understand how CSA is perceived within current policy and law, and in doing so to elucidate the context and complexities of CSA, and (ii) to explore the various perspectives that stakeholders hold regarding CSA, and how the issues are addressed at the local level. In order to achieve the abovementioned aims, the thesis adopted a critical discourse analysis method. In particular, Bacchi’s WPR (What’s the Problem Represented to be) methodology was chosen due to the exploratory and conceptual gaps in understanding how CSA in Indonesia is conceived. This approach is particularly suitable for facilitating a better understanding regarding the assumptions and evidence used to construct Indonesian policy and law on CSA. The critical discourse analysis was comprised of two parts. First, it critically explored how CSA issues in Indonesia have been constructed and represented. Six government documents were analysed, namely two laws and four national policies, which are related to child protection. Second, the analysis investigated the problematisation of CSA among stakeholders, including their perspectives on the national policy and law on CSA prevention and intervention, and challenges in program implementation at the local level. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 stakeholders (7 people in Central Java Province, and 9 people in Surakarta City). These participants included local policy makers, public servants, health professionals, and relevant Non-Government Organisation representatives.
The thesis identified five key findings. Firstly, main CSA problematisations were identified: children are a vulnerable, at risk and disempowered group; there is a lack of access and coordination on integrated services for children; and there is a lack of agreement and clarity across laws and policy in child protection. Perspectives across stakeholders at the local level confirmed these problematisations and their consequences. Second, the assumptions of power relations that feature in society, and across government institutions, contributed to the construction of CSA problematisations in Indonesia. These assumptions were related to cultural practices, and structural power created by the laws and policies. Third, the historic influence of Dutch colonial law within the current Indonesian child protection laws and policies, was identified. Fourth, the government texts were silent on discussing the issue of CSA due to the influence of cultural and religious beliefs, including the concept of taboo. Fifth, the silence about CSA in Indonesian policy discourse influenced the design and strategy of CSA prevention and intervention in the country. Given the limited adequate access to justice, protection, and services, children in Indonesia are at high risk and are vulnerable to sexual abuse.
The issue of CSA might be thought about differently if dominant discourses are replaced. This thesis offers a way to replace the relevant aspects of the dominant discourse with alternative representations and conceptual frameworks that would likely have a less harmful effect. In summary, the policy and legal discourses on CSA have a significant potential to be transformed to construct and develop a more effective response to CSA prevention and intervention in Indonesia.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Human Serv & Soc Wrk
Griffith Health
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Mitchell, Richard Charles. "Applying a child rights perspective in BC's Capital Health Region, participatory action research in child and youth health care." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/MQ41383.pdf.
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Twum-Danso, Afua Oppong. "Searching for a middleground in children’s rights : the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Ghana." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/453/.
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The Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly in 1989, is the world’s most widely and rapidly ratified international convention. Although it was hoped that the Convention would have an enormously positive impact on all children, this has not happened in many parts of the world for a variety of reasons, including its western bias, which has, hitherto, dominated the debate on children’s rights. However, this universality vs. relativity dichotomy does not help us to protect children on the ground. Hence, it is necessary to move beyond the binary debate relating to the universality and relativity of children’s rights and engage with children’s local realities, which illustrate that there is, indeed, a middle ground in which people live their lives that may facilitate dialogue on children’s rights with local communities. In order to identify this middle ground the thesis focused on eliciting the perceptions of adults and children in two local communities in Accra, Ghana, the first country to ratify the Convention in February 1990, on children’s rights, constructing childhood and the socialization of children and their implications for the implementation of the Convention. Special attention is given to Article 12, which has caused controversy in countries around the world.
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Chinwuba, Onuora-Oguno Azubike. "Assessing the rights of the indigenous child to education - a case study of the Batwa in Uganda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8005.
Full textAbstract:
The study seeks to achieve the following: (1) Highlight the perception of the Batwa on the right to education (2) Make a case for the importance of education in the interest of the Batwa (3) Make conclusions and recommendations that will enhance the right to education of the Batwa child.
Conclusions and recommendations reached would not only assist Uganda in fashioning out a model that will not seek to treat education as a means to economic end but as an end in itself. In addition, an all-encompassing model of education that will encourage quality education and training of the indigenous child to erase any form of disadvantage or inferiority already experienced by the indigenous child is proposed. Thus, the benefit of this research is not just to the Batwa but also other indigenous peoples’ in the world generally and Africa in particularThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ben Twinomugisha of the Faculty of Law, Makerere University Kampala
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Khan, Muhammad Mumtaz Ali. "Property, Object of Protection or Subject of Rights ? : journey towards the Best Interests of the Child : implementing UN Convention on the Rights ot fhe Child in Pakistan, France and UK." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0059.
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İren, Yıldızca Bediz Büke. "Migrant Child Labour in Turkey : A critical analysis of multilevel governance targeting migrant child labour in Turkey." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om migration, etnicitet och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162798.
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Entering the 9th year of the Syrian Crisis, there are still more than 400 thousand school aged Syrian children considered ‘out-of-school’ in Turkey. Several previous studies as well as reports of International Organisations and Civil Society Organisations such as UNICEF and Support to Life argue that out-of-school Syrian children have formed part of the Turkish informal labour market. Restrained migration policies incorporated with the needs of global labour markets have caused precarisation of the migrant labour, and in the case of Turkey precarisation of migrant child labour as well. The aim of the current study is to critically analyse the strategies and interventions of this multilevel governance targeting migrant child labour. Hence, a qualitative research method was employed in order to answer the study’s research questions. First, document analysis was conducted to identify the multilevel institutional framework; and second, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with selected informants working for International Organisations. By facilitating Carol Bacchi’s ‘What is the problem represented to be?’ (WPR) approach, each actor’s strategies and interventions directed to migrant child labour are scrutinised. While each actor by definition manages to identify the causes of (migrant) child labour, the strategies and interventions are constrained by the conventional migration management approach as well as the discourses of “the best interest of the child” and “fair trade”.
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Sammon, William J. "The Ontario Child and Family Services Act: Maintaining the balance between competing rights." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5823.
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Angus, Mary Catherine. "Economic exploitation, vulnerability, and dependence, a case for the rights of the child." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0019/MQ27477.pdf.
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Carolan, Sean Anthony Joseph. "Parent, teacher and child perceptions of human rights education : a primary school study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393818.
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Cohen, Cynthia Price. "The process of implementation of the convention on the rights of the child /." Online version, 1994. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/31436.
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