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1
Winship, Jacqueline Ruth. "Cursed : constructing the experience of the Catholic clergy child molester." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28963.
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This thesis constructs the experience of a group of Catholic clergy child molesters, each of whom had sexually molested a child/children aged thirteen years or younger. The specific focus was on understanding the subjective experience of sexual desire for a child among Catholic clergy child molesters. The broader purpose was to gain a greater understanding of the factors implicated in clergy child molestation. It was hoped that this might contribute to prevention and treatment programs and hence, ultimately, to fewer victims.
Charmaz's (2006) constructivist grounded theory was utilised as the methodology for the study. This approach focuses on the interpretive aspects of grounded theory and is underpinned by the belief that theories are constructed from data rather than simply discovered. Thus the aim was to construct an interpretive understanding of the meaning participants made of their subjective experience.
In depth interviews were conducted with each of the 12 purposively selected participants. These interviews were analysed using grounded theory coding procedures. Increasingly abstract levels of coding led to the construction of two theoretical categories - "Cursed Desire" and "Cursed Identity" - which were integrated into the core theoretical code "Cursed".
This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a unique focus on the subjective experience of molesters. A tentative theory is proposed in order to account for the experience of the participants at an abstract level. This theory is influenced by Ussher's (2000) Material-Discursive-lntrapsychic model. It proposes relationships between the prevailing socio-cultural discourses as well as intrapsychic and material factors identified as relevant by the participants. These relationships result not only in the sexual desire for a child but also in the interpretation of this desire as deviant and in an ensuing burdened identity, leading to the overall experience of the participants of being "cursed".
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Shewman, Richard Douglas. "The diocesan bishop and the pastoral care of victims of child sexual abuse by clergy." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Weir, Bridget Elizabeth. "Child sexual abuse and the Australian Roman catholic church: Using techniques of neutralisation to examine institutional responses to clergy-perpetrated child sexual abuse." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/177244/1/Bridget_Weir_Thesis.pdf.
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Clergy-perpetrated child sexual abuse has emerged as a critical issue on the global stage, demanding widespread public attention and encouraging scrutiny of institutions like the Roman Catholic Church. This thesis uses the theoretical framework of techniques of neutralisation to explore how the Roman Catholic Church as an institution responds to cases of clergy-perpetrated child sexual abuse, and how that response changes over time, through the examination of two case studies – the Ellis case, and the Foster Family case.
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Tucker, Mark E. "Justice for the accused the obligations of major superiors in clerical religious institutes and the sexual abuse of minors /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Emery, Robert Edward. "Clerical sexual misconduct with minors the responsibilities of the diocesan bishop and the canonical rights of the accused /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Gassios, Paul Nicholas. "Clergy sexual misconduct and the efforts of the Orthodox Church to respond to it." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.
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Sagala, Miranda Belinda. "Los Angeles Archdiocese child sexual abuse scandal: A case study in crisis communication." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2363.
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This thesis examined strategies employed by the Los Angeles Archdiocese in its communcation with the media during the initial phases of handling the child sexual abuse scandal. Internal and external messages from the archdiocese were analyzed in terms of how well they conformed to the five generally accepted principles that should govern crisis communication: timeliness, openness, honesty, regret and accessibility.
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Muytjens, Sally. "An exploration of the existence of clergy child sexual abuse dark networks within the Victorian catholic church." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132822/2/Sally_Muytjens_Thesis.pdf.
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Catholic clergy child sexual abuse networks have been acknowledged informally through media reports. Literature acknowledges that child sexual abuse by Catholic clergy involves a network of supervisors who transferred clergy perpetrators of child sexual abuse from parish to parish (Smith 2013; Carney 2012; Gavrielides 2013). This thesis extends on this by evidencing a dark network of clergy perpetrators operating in Victoria between 1939 and 2001. Social network analysis is used to create a network map and evidence that known Catholic clergy perpetrators in the state of Victoria, used network ties to share resources to facilitate child sexual abuse and effectively operate as an illicit dark network.
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Maxwell, Nick. "Confronting crisis bishops respond to sex scandal /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1189.
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Lanier, Ryan David. "The Catholic Church's approach to restoring its image in the face of the sexual abuse crisis." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2076.
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The public relations response of the church to the sexual abuse malady is the focus of this project. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the discourse and actions of the church according to image restoration theory.
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Harder, Kenneth J. "Clerical sexual abuse of minors an analysis of the policy of the diocese of Tulsa in comparison with the USCCB essential norms and Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Allred, Robert P. "Clergy Sexual Abuse." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/82.
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Sexual abuse perpetrated by trusted members of the clergy presents unique challenges to clinicians and yet the current literature on the effects of clergy sexual abuse is sparse. The vast majority of current research on clergy sexual abuse is based on the perspective of the perpetrators and not the survivors. Some literature suggests that clergy sexual abuse is equivalent to incest due to the level of betrayal trauma associated with each form of abuse. The current study seeks to examine the effects of clergy perpetrated sexual abuse on survivors and examine those effects in the context of the general literature on childhood sexual abuse. Adult male and female survivors of clergy sexual abuse were recruited online and asked to complete a series of self-report measures of religiosity, spirituality, and traumatic symptomology, including the Spiritual Beliefs Inventory (SBI-15R), Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS), and the Trauma Symptoms Inventory-2 (TSI-2). Participants also provided demographic information and completed a structured self-report questionnaire of history of sexual abuse. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that there were no between-group differences on measures of trauma or existential belief, but found that those abused by clergy reported lower levels of religious beliefs and practice, less social support from their religious community, less satisfaction with their relationship with God, and were more likely to have changed their religious affiliation. These data suggest that abuse perpetrated by clergy has a unique and measurable impact on survivors’ future religiosity and spirituality as compared to other forms of childhood sexual abuse.
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Tennfjord, Oddfrid Skorpe. "Attitudes towards child sexual abuse." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1922.
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The main purpose of the present thesis was to develop a measurement instrument aimed to reveal attitudes towards child sexual abuse, and to measure attitudes and associating personal, social and cultural factors among three different samples of Norwegian adults. Additional aims were to explore the relation between participants’ knowledge-seeking on the one hand, their experiences, attitudes and actual knowledge about abuse on the other hand.
Three studies are presented based on the same data material collected in Norway in spring 2004. Three samples were included in the survey: A sample of randomly selected adults between 18-67 years (n = 296). A sample of active Christians between 22-65 years (n = 125) and finally a sample of imprisoned child sexual offenders between 21-74 years (n = 36).
Study I was primarily concerned about the development and validation of a new measurement instrument, entitled Attitudes towards child sexual abuse (ACA). The scale consisted of four different attitudinal dimensions. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the four-factor structure. The four dimensions were entitled 1) Acceptance and responsibility, 2) Fatalism, 3) Damages caused by abuse, and 4) Legal issues. The result showed that there were significant attitude differences across the samples. The differences were in the expected direction e.g. offenders reported more abuse-accepting attitudes than the random adults and active Christians, and men had more abuse-accepting attitudes than women. This confirms the discriminative properties of ACA. Furthermore, the factors hypothesized to be associated with attitudes towards abuse behaved as expected, e.g. high empathy was related to more averse attitudes. Conclusively, the scale was found to be valid and reliable.
Study II further investigated attitudes towards abuse and explored cultural, social and personal factors associated with these attitudes. The results showed that different factors were predictors of attitudes in the three samples. Empathy and normlessness were the best predictors of attitudes among the random sample of adults and the active Christians. The most significant predictors of attitudes among the prisoners were their view of women and femininity. This may imply that different intervention strategies should be chosen depending on the target group.
Study III aimed to explore attitudes towards and knowledge-seeking about child sexual abuse among the samples. It was hypothesized that those who seek more knowledge had more accurate knowledge about abuse, and that the difference in knowledge-seeking and attitudes were related to the respondents’ own experience with abuse. It was furthermore expected that both knowledge-seeking and attitudes were predictors of abusive behaviour. The results suggested that attitudes and knowledge-seeking differed across samples and gender. The active Christians had most aversive attitudes towards child sexual abuse and sought more knowledge about abuse than the comparing samples. The respondents who reported high knowledge-seeking seemed to have more knowledge of abuse as well. However, a more comprehensive measurement of both knowledge-seeking and actual knowledge is recommended in future studies. Knowledge-seeking was related to both direct and indirect experience, e.g. victims of abuse had higher knowledge-seeking compared to non-victims and those who knew a victim had higher knowledge-seeking than those who did not know a victim. Abusive behaviour was predicted by attitudes, gender and sample. Knowledge-seeking did not predict abusive behaviour.
Taken together, the three studies showed that the hypothesized attitudinal differences between the three samples, were confirmed. Furthermore, the expected relation between attitudes on the one hand and social, cultural, and personality factors and knowledge-seeking on the other hand, was supported. The result as a whole may serve as a guide to interventions aimed to prevent abuse.
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Carter, Shevaun Kirsten. "Perpetrators of child sexual abuse." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7691/.
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The National Society of Protection and Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) estimate that 1 in 20 children are a victim of sexual abuse (Bentley, O’Hagan, Raff, & Bhatti, 2016). Furthermore, recent figures indicate that there has been a rise in child sexual abuse cases across the UK. Research into perpetrators of child sexual abuse have focused primarily on male offenders. Researchers have explored the cognitive distortions of male offenders and developed theories of sexual offending based on the risk factors associated with this population. More recently, studies have explored the core beliefs and schemas of child offenders to understand the factors that underpin their cognitive distortions. This empirical paper explores the Early Maladaptive Schemas and Implicit Theories of mentally disordered child sex offenders. Historically, societal perspectives of women indicated that females were highly unlikely to perpetrate sexual offences against children. More recent findings suggest that females account for approximately 5% of all sexual offenders across the UK, Canada, USA, Australia and New Zealand. However, this statistic varies depending on the data gathering methods employed: self-report studies indicate higher prevalence rates of female perpetrated sexual abuse compared to case report studies. This systematic review explores societal perspectives of female child sex offenders compared to male perpetrators.
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Lyons, Jennifer. "Sexual Abuse Characteristics and Psychological Functioning among Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37585.
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Childhood sexual abuse among males has been associated with many negative psychological outcomes. Studies have attempted to identify which sexual abuse characteristics (e.g., duration, age of onset) are associated with mental health difficulties. While informative, this research has been mostly limited to variable-centered analyses, which do not capture the heterogeneity in males’ abuse experiences and psychological presentations. This two-part dissertation advances our understanding of how best to measure childhood sexual abuse and how to account for the diversity of sexual abuse experiences and outcomes among men using a person-centered approach. Given that there are few validated measures of childhood sexual abuse, the first study examined the psychometric properties of a commonly-used measure in the sexual abuse literature, the Sexual Victimization Survey (SVS; Finkelhor, 1979). Once the validity and reliability of the SVS were established, the SVS was used to generate profiles on the basis of abuse characteristics (Study 2). Data for both studies were drawn from a sample of 302 males (85% Caucasian) aged 18 to 65 years seeking support for childhood sexual abuse. Participants completed a modified version of the SVS as well as the sexual abuse subscale of the Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire-Short Form (CEVQ-SF; Tanaka et al., 2012). Twenty-one males completed the SVS again one week later for test-retest purposes. The SVS showed high inter-rater reliability on sexual abuse status and sexual abuse characteristics. Most males (85%) who endorsed sexual abuse on the SVS did so on the CEVQ-SF, resulting in fair concurrent validity. The SVS showed perfect one-week test-retest reliability on abuse status, as well as good to excellent agreement on sexual abuse characteristics between the initial and one week time points. Given the strong psychometric properties of the modified SVS, it was then used to generate childhood sexual abuse profiles in Study 2. Once participants with significant missing data were deleted, 215 men remained and were included in the generation of profiles. Latent profile analyses revealed three distinct profiles which varied in the severity of abuse experiences. The Severe profile (n = 56, 26%) depicted sexual abuse which began in mid-childhood and consisted of a one or two time fondling by an unfamiliar extrafamilial perpetrator. Men in the More Severe profile (n = 71, 33%) also experienced abuse in mid-childhood by an extrafamilial perpetrator, but experienced more severe sexual acts that spanned several months to several years. Men in this profile were emotionally closer to their perpetrators prior to abuse onset than males in the Severe profile. The Most Severe profile (n = 88, 41%) depicted abuse which began in early childhood and consisted of very severe sexual acts by trusted individuals both within and outside of the family. Men in the Most Severe were significantly more likely to concurrently have experienced child emotional and physical abuse as well as a greater number of non-victimization adversities, compared with men in the other two profiles. Profiles varied with respect to psychological outcomes. Males in the More Severe and Most Severe profiles reported significantly more internalizing problems than men in the Severe profile, and men in the Most Severe profile reported significantly more trauma symptoms than men in the Severe profile. Certain contextual variables were also associated with greater psychological difficulties, namely greater present-day use of avoidant coping predicted more internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as greater trauma symptoms. Worse childhood family functioning was associated with more internalizing and externalizing problems, and disclosure of the abuse (compared to non-disclosure) was associated with more externalizing problems and trauma symptoms. These results have several research and clinical implications, including tailoring assessment and treatment to meet the individual needs of male survivors.
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Muga, Jerusha Atieno. "Child sexual abuse in Christian families." Berlin Viademica-Verl, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001930541/04.
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Swanston, Heather Yvette. "Five Years After Child Sexual Abuse." University of Sydney. Paediatrics and Child Health, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/573.
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Introduction Child sexual abuse is a common problem. Psychological and behavioural problems in children and adults who have experienced child sexual abuse have been associated with the abuse. Little research has been conducted which has been long-term, prospective, involved substantiated sexual abuse, included a control group, took into account mediating factors, utilised multiple data sources, relied on standardised measures and had a high follow-up rate. Aim The aims of this study were to compare a cohort of sexually abused young people with a group of nonabused peers and to establish predictors of psychological and behavioural outcome. Method This study was a follow-up which was long-term, prospective, involved a sample of children with substantiated sexual abuse, included a control group, took into account mediating factors, utilised multiple data sources, relied on standardised measures and had a high follow-up rate. Eighty-four sexually abused young people were followed up five years after presenting to Children�s Hospitals� Child Protection Units for sexual abuse and were compared to a group of 84 nonabused young people of similar age and sex. The two groups were compared on the basis of demographic variables, family functioning, mother�s mental health and life events; the outcome measures of depression, self-esteem, anxiety, behaviour, criminal activity, alcohol and other drug use, eating problems, running away, suicide attempts, self-injury, hopefulness, despair and attributional style; and potential mediating factors such as further notifications to the Department of Community Services, receipt of psychological treatment, legal action against offenders and victims compensation. Potential predictors of outcome were (1) demographic variables, (2) sexual abuse characteristcs, (3) intake data and (4) five year follow-up variables. Main findings Follow-up rates were 81percent (n equals 68) for cases and 89percent (n equals 75) for controls. Five years after presenting for the sexual abuse, the sexually abused young people were performing more poorly than their nonabused peers on various measures of psychological state and behaviour. Although the abused children had experienced more negative life events (p<.001), were from lower socio-economic groups (p<.0001), had more changes in parent figures (p<.001) and had mothers who were more psychologically distressed (p equals .03), multiple regression analysis showed that after allowing for these and other demographic and family factors, there were still significant differences between the groups after the 5 years. The abused children displayed more disturbed behavior (p equals .002), had lower self-esteem (p<.001), were more depressed or unhappy (p<.001) and were more anxious (p equals .03) than controls. Sexually abused children had significantly higher levels of bingeing (p equals .02), self-injury (p equals.009) and suicide attempts (p equals .03). Significant predictors of psychological and behavioural outcome were significantly related to family and parent functioning variables. Abuse status was not a significant predictor when offered to each of the predictive models. Significant predictors of outcome included the following intake variables: family functioning, mother�s mental health, whether parents were employed or not, behaviour scores, prior notifications for neglect, history of parental discord and whether there were caregiver changes or not prior to intake. The classification of the index sexual abuse event as indecent assault and whether there were notifications for sexual abuse prior to the index event also significantly predicted outcome. Five year follow-up variables which were significant predictors of outcome were the young person�s age, number of negative life events, attributional style, self-esteem, depression, number of parent changes, anxiety, despair, whether there were notifications for abuse/neglect after intake and having a parent with a history of drug/alcohol problems. Conclusions Difficulties associated with child sexual abuse continue for some years after the abuse event. Child sexual abuse needs to be considered as a possible antecedent of behaviour and psychological difficulties in young people. Treatment and monitoring should continue for some years after the abuse. Treatment may need to be directed more towards young people�s psychological states rather than focusing specifically on the sexual abuse. Family and parent functioning may need to be addressed early in order to prevent some of the behavioural and psychological difficulties associated with the long-term outcome of child sexual abuse.
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Turton, Jackie. "Child sexual abuse : understanding female offenders." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274378.
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MOURA, MIRIAM PERES DE. "CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE: RESPONSIBLES SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5931@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOO abuso sexual praticado contra crianças é um crime hediondo que nos remete a uma história de dominação e poder do mais forte contra o mais fraco, e do adulto contra a criança, sejam eles familiares ou estranhos. Atualmente essa questão vem mobilizando autoridades governamentais, profissionais de saúde, de educação e a sociedade, através da mídia, da criação de leis, de campanhas educativas e da academia. Muitos embates têm sido travados visando encontrar as melhores alternativas para o enfrentamento do problema. Com base na noção de que a representação social contém um caráter prático e operacional, voltado para a ação, o presente estudo teve dois objetivos centrais: primeiro, identificar as representações sociais dos responsáveis por crianças vítimas de abuso sexual acerca dos agressores, dos profissionais e dos serviços de atenção à criança vítima de abuso sexual; e segundo, entender como essas representações influenciam a resolutividade dos casos atendidos.Conclui-se que a adesão ao tratamento, primeira condição para a resolutividade, é fortemente influenciada pelas representações sociais dos responsáveis, em particular aquelas relativas à função desempenhada pelas autoridades e à figura do autor do abuso sexual. O estudo mostra ainda que os responsáveis fazem circular essas representações, mas se ressentem do fato de nem sempre elas serem ouvidas, o que demonstra a necessidade de estabelecer uma escuta diferenciada que valorize e compreenda suas representações sociais como fatores determinantes no sucesso do acompanhamento e adesão ao tratamento. Apoiar, sustentar e valorizar a fala dos responsáveis, dar voz a estas representações e frustrações, é pois fundamental para construir ações efetivas na trajetória de enfrentamento da questão de modo a contribuir na resolutividade dos casos de abuso sexual.
Sexual abuse practised against children is a hideous crime which reminds us to a history of domination from the strongest to the weakest, from adults against children; being their relatives or unknown people. Nowadays, this question has been mobilizing governmental authorities, educational and health professionals and society as a whole through educational marketing campaigns, academic institutions, and also the criation of new legislation. Battles have been battled in order to find better alternatives to face this problem.Based on the idea that social representation contains a practical and operational character, which is focused on the action, this study had two principal objectives: Firstly, to identify the social representations from people who are in charge for children who are victms of sexual abuse, in relation to the their aggressors; representations from all the professionals involved and also from children protection programs. Secondly, to understand how these social representations influence the sexual abuse cases solutions.We conclude that the treatment adherence, which is the first condition towards the solution, is strongly influenced by parent social representations. Particularly, those ones related to the function represented by authorities and by the sexual abuse author figure. The study still shows that responsibles make to circulate these representations, although they feel resentful about the fact they are not always listened to. It demonstrates the necessity of establishing a differencial listening service, which understands and makes valuable their social representations as determining facts for the treatment adherence, its accompanying and success. Supporting and sustaining in order to become worthy these responsible clamours, as well as giving the right importance to their representations and frustrations. Therefore, these attitudes are fundamental to build effective actions during the jouney to face this question, in order to contribute to the sexual abuse cases solutions.
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Hatton, Victoria. "Investigating perceptions of child sexual abuse." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41986/.
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Purpose: The aim of this research was to investigate perceptions of child sexual abuse (CSA), particularly the perceptions held by CSA perpetrators and the public. Given the influence perceptions can have on a CSA victim’s wellbeing and disclosure behaviour, and a CSA perpetrator’s sexual recidivism risk, gaining insight into these perceptions was considered important. Method: To facilitate this investigation, a multifaceted approach was adopted. This commenced with chapter one, a systematic literature review, which aimed to identify which factors influence English and Welsh perceptions of CSA victims. The second chapter comprised an empirical research project which aimed to investigate the influence of a victim’s abuse history, victim-perpetrator relationship and a perpetrator’s gender on British perceptions of CSA. These three factors were selected due to their hypothesised influence on perceptions and lack of investigation. Following this, chapter three was completed which involved a critique of the Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory-Revised (GBAI-R). This was to assess the inventory’s suitability for chapter four and to inform practitioners of its utility. Finally, chapter four entailed a case study which aimed to investigate whether a CSA perpetrator’s offence-specific minimisation could be reduced. This was facilitated by completing a six-session intervention on an individual basis. Results: This thesis revealed various findings. Specifically, chapter one revealed respondent gender influences public perceptions of CSA victims as males perceived CSA victims more negatively than females. Regarding chapter two, a victim’s abuse history, victim-perpetrator relationship and a perpetrator’s gender were not found to influence British perceptions of CSA. However, similar to chapter one, females were significantly more pro-victim compared to males. In chapter three, the critique identified some evidence of the GBAI-R being psychometrically sound and utilising an efficient administration methodology. Despite this, some concerns were raised regarding the representativeness of its normative data and the inventory’s susceptibility to extreme scores. Finally, chapter four revealed some evidence of the intervention reducing the perpetrator’s offence-specific minimisation although it was not possible to firmly conclude this. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for further research into perceptions of CSA. This should include investigations into why males are less pro-victim compared to females and the impact this might have on CSA. Research should also continue to investigate the influence of a victim’s abuse history, victim-perpetrator relationship and a perpetrator’s gender on perceptions of CSA. As part of this research a more representative sample should be recruited to enable the generalisation of findings. A more comprehensive critique of the GBAI-R should also be facilitated as well as further investigations into minimisation.
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Harwell, Amy. "Gender issues in child sexual abuse." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2002. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13592/.
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Academic interest in the field of child sexual abuse remained consistently high during the latter part of the twentieth century. The research undertaken at this time demonstrated the relationship between child sexual abuse and gender; that is to say that men are the primary perpetrators of the sexual victimisation of children. Given this preponderance, it is of central importance to keep the significance of gender focal. Paradoxically, it is for this very reason that gender remains significant in cases where women sexually abuse children - because they represent the minority of cases. It is this disparity which provides a basis for this work. The purpose of this work is to examine and demonstrate that gender is significant in: the way in which an abuse experience is defined and made sense of; the process by which an individual becomes a survivor; and how abuse experiences are responded to by others. The foci of defmition, interpretation, subjectivity and ambiguity led to the utilisation of symbolic interactionism as an appropriate theoretical perspective in which to ground the study and to guide the research analysis. Designed as an exploratory study, the work combines qualitative and quantitative research methods aimed at survivors of abuse and relevant professionals (the latter drawn from both the 'therapy industry' and the criminal justice arena). In-depth interviews were carried out with survivors and analysed to examine survivors' subjective realities and interpretations of their experiences of abuse. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to explore the significance of gender in the responses of professionals to abuse experiences. The issues that arise from this work have profound implications for the way in which the significance of gender in child sexual abuse can be thought about and understood.
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Swanston, Heather Yvette. "Five Years After Child Sexual Abuse." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/573.
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Introduction Child sexual abuse is a common problem. Psychological and behavioural problems in children and adults who have experienced child sexual abuse have been associated with the abuse. Little research has been conducted which has been long-term, prospective, involved substantiated sexual abuse, included a control group, took into account mediating factors, utilised multiple data sources, relied on standardised measures and had a high follow-up rate. Aim The aims of this study were to compare a cohort of sexually abused young people with a group of nonabused peers and to establish predictors of psychological and behavioural outcome. Method This study was a follow-up which was long-term, prospective, involved a sample of children with substantiated sexual abuse, included a control group, took into account mediating factors, utilised multiple data sources, relied on standardised measures and had a high follow-up rate. Eighty-four sexually abused young people were followed up five years after presenting to Children�s Hospitals� Child Protection Units for sexual abuse and were compared to a group of 84 nonabused young people of similar age and sex. The two groups were compared on the basis of demographic variables, family functioning, mother�s mental health and life events; the outcome measures of depression, self-esteem, anxiety, behaviour, criminal activity, alcohol and other drug use, eating problems, running away, suicide attempts, self-injury, hopefulness, despair and attributional style; and potential mediating factors such as further notifications to the Department of Community Services, receipt of psychological treatment, legal action against offenders and victims compensation. Potential predictors of outcome were (1) demographic variables, (2) sexual abuse characteristcs, (3) intake data and (4) five year follow-up variables. Main findings Follow-up rates were 81percent (n equals 68) for cases and 89percent (n equals 75) for controls. Five years after presenting for the sexual abuse, the sexually abused young people were performing more poorly than their nonabused peers on various measures of psychological state and behaviour. Although the abused children had experienced more negative life events (p<.001), were from lower socio-economic groups (p<.0001), had more changes in parent figures (p<.001) and had mothers who were more psychologically distressed (p equals .03), multiple regression analysis showed that after allowing for these and other demographic and family factors, there were still significant differences between the groups after the 5 years. The abused children displayed more disturbed behavior (p equals .002), had lower self-esteem (p<.001), were more depressed or unhappy (p<.001) and were more anxious (p equals .03) than controls. Sexually abused children had significantly higher levels of bingeing (p equals .02), self-injury (p equals.009) and suicide attempts (p equals .03). Significant predictors of psychological and behavioural outcome were significantly related to family and parent functioning variables. Abuse status was not a significant predictor when offered to each of the predictive models. Significant predictors of outcome included the following intake variables: family functioning, mother�s mental health, whether parents were employed or not, behaviour scores, prior notifications for neglect, history of parental discord and whether there were caregiver changes or not prior to intake. The classification of the index sexual abuse event as indecent assault and whether there were notifications for sexual abuse prior to the index event also significantly predicted outcome. Five year follow-up variables which were significant predictors of outcome were the young person�s age, number of negative life events, attributional style, self-esteem, depression, number of parent changes, anxiety, despair, whether there were notifications for abuse/neglect after intake and having a parent with a history of drug/alcohol problems. Conclusions Difficulties associated with child sexual abuse continue for some years after the abuse event. Child sexual abuse needs to be considered as a possible antecedent of behaviour and psychological difficulties in young people. Treatment and monitoring should continue for some years after the abuse. Treatment may need to be directed more towards young people�s psychological states rather than focusing specifically on the sexual abuse. Family and parent functioning may need to be addressed early in order to prevent some of the behavioural and psychological difficulties associated with the long-term outcome of child sexual abuse.
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Smith, Christa M. "Sexual cognitions of childhood sexual abuse survivors /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131464745.pdf.
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Kobayashi, Juichi 1960. "Parental deviance, parent-child bonding, child abuse, and child sexual aggression." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278178.
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Structural equation modeling was used to test a theoretical model of the etiology of the deviant sexual aggression by adolescents. The subjects were 117 juvenile male sexual offenders who had been referred from either criminal justice or social service agencies to a clinic that treated offenders. The tested theoretical model included several family factors: parental deviance, child physical and sexual abuse history, and children's bonding to their parents. The model as a whole fitted the data very well. As for the specific hypotheses in the model, physical abuse by the father and sexual abuse by males were found to increase sexual aggression by adolescents. Also, children's bonding to their mother was found to decrease their sexual aggression. These results are explained from the social learning perspective and parent-child attachment or social control perspective. Further, the directions for the future research are suggested.
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Worrell, Marcia Lorraine. "The discursive construction of child sexual abuse." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://oro.open.ac.uk/18986/.
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Currently in the English speaking world adult/child sex and knowledge about it has become firmly located within a taken-for-granted 'child sexual abuse' discourse. My argument in this thesis is that despite being commonly portrayed as a singularity, the discursive arena of adult/child sex is a site of controversy and conflict, invested with meanings that differ over time and place. Child sexual abuse cannot thus be thought of as something that exists outside of the situated knowledge through which its taken-for-granted nature is brought into being and maintained. A stated aim of this thesis is, therefore, to explore some of the complex, heterogeneous and nuanced ways in which adult/child sex is put into discourse as child sexual abuse. The analytics of Beryl Curt and Michel Foucault were applied to Q Methodology, participant observation and a range of ethnographically informed methodologies. The Q Methodological study revealed five explanatory accounts. These were explicated as a Mainstream Professional Account; Boy-Love; A Liberal Account of Child Sexual Abuse; Sexual Abuse as Paraphilia and a Feminist lnformed Account. The Q study also revealed three standpoints on child sexual abuse: Feminist/Child Protectionist; Social Constructionist/Children's Rights; and Childhood Sexuality. Three alternative viewpoints on the social policies that should be adopted in this area were also identified in this study. These were explicated as Libertarian; Control and Protect and Liberal Humanism . Also examined were the performative aspects of the phenomenon of child sexual abuse through an interrogation of the subject position that are available (to survivors of sexual abuse, convicted child sex offenders and those who advocate adult/child sexual contact), to be adopted, resisted or reformed. The thesis ends with a review of the main findings of my research in terms of theory. practice and research in the area of child sexual abuse. It also examines methodological issues and reflects upon my own experiences of conducting this work.
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Sterling, Carolyn Dawn. "Accounting for child sexual abuse : male discourses." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13546.
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Bibliography: leaves 48-51.This study explores discourses which relate to child sexual abuse and which seek to excuse or justify it. It is hypothesized that these discourses are wide-spread and are not held simply by a small minority of offenders. Similar discourses emerged in two very different groups of male subjects. The first comprised 45 male second year University of Cape Town students in the Department of Psychology in 1986, who enrolled for a gender socialization course credit option. The second consists of 26 alleged child sexual abusers admitted to Valkenberg Hospital for psychiatric observation in 1988/9. A discourse analysis methodology is used to analyse essays written by the students and transcripts of audiotaped groups in which they participated, as well as accounts of the alleged offence contained in the clinical records of the observation cases. Ten discoqrse1;i, relating to excuses or justifications for child sexual abuse, were identified by their repeated occurrence in the research material. Identified justifications of child sexual abuse are victim blaming, the belief that men are unable to control their sexual drive, the assertion of power, perceived rights over women, and doubting the evidence of girls and women. Illustrations of these discourses, which are present in both students' essays and groups, as well as in the alleged offenders' accounts, are discussed. These five discourses appear to be pervasive and may be indicative of generally held beliefs which relate to the different positions in which men and women are placed in society.
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Worrell, Marcia Lorraine. "The discursive construction of child sexual abuse." n.p, 1999. http://dart.open.ac.uk/abstracts/page.php?thesisid=183.
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Neal, Nina Faye 1955. "Reporting of child sexual abuse among professionals." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291797.
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The purpose of this study was to identify reporting of child sexual abuse among professionals. Forty out of one hundred questionnaires were completed and returned. The population for this study consisted of men and women in the following professions: Pediatricians, nurses, preschool workers, teachers, religious workers, and counselors in a southwestern community. A questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data and general information. Included in the questionnaire were eight hypothetical case vignettes of child sexual abuse. The professionals were asked to answer ten questions pertaining to the cases. Results showed that although professionals are aware of reporting laws, they still are not reporting all the cases of child sexual abuse when they suspect abuse. In certain cases, professionals are reluctant to report following a retraction by the child, or when the parents deny the allegation. Religious workers have the least knowledge of reporting laws of the professionals sampled. Overall, pediatricians report more often when they suspect child sexual abuse than the other professionals in the sample.
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Rahm, Elaine Jackie. "Misconceptions Surrounding Child Sexual Abuse In Durban." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1376.
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Social attitudes towards child sexual abuse (CSA) tend to reflect a wide variety of misconceptions. These not only play a highly significant role in the etiology and maintenance of sexual offending against children, they also contribute to under reporting and promote the silence that generally surrounds CSA. They further predict unfair treatment of victims, and compromise adaptive resolution in both victim and offender.
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of misconceptions surrounding CSA amongst the general public of Durban in South Africa. A further purpose was to explore differences in rates of myth endorsement in this context, firstly between males and females, and secondly between two levels of education.
The research design was conceptualised within a positivist paradigm with the use of quantitative data collected through questionnaire method. The research instrument was developed by the researcher within the framework of four empirical studies, with input from two professors with extensive research experience. The sample consisted of members and staff of a public library; clothing factory workers; staff in two elementary schools; and employees in a retail outlet. The research sites were located in three different geographical areas of the city to maximise generalisation of findings.
Although previous studies have indicated high rates of myth endorsement amongst the general public and gender differences in rates of myth endorsement, the present study
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did not yield significant results in these two areas. This may have been due to the composition of the sample which was largely representative of educators and other school personnel (n = 80). This population has more exposure to victims of CSA than the average member of the public, and may well have a wider knowledge in issues surrounding CSA, as a consequence of this.
In terms of differences in rates of myth endorsement according to levels of education, findings in this study have indicated a higher rate of myth endorsement in those with a lower level of education. This is consistent with findings in previous studies amongst the general public in the USA and Australia. This suggests a priority for the development of programs to disseminate accurate information in issues surrounding CSA at all levels of public education.
The literature additionally indicates an urgent need for the development and implementation of comprehensive programs to elucidate issues in CSA amongst the general public. It has been suggested that these public programs be based on the educational initiatives employed in antismoking campaigns, since these have proven efficacy.National Research Foundation
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Lee, Susan Speicher. "Sexual abuse and stunted spirituality." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.
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Phillips, Cecilie Anne Bannatyne. "Coping skills of incest and sexual abuse victims." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25505.
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Childhood incest and sexual abuse was explored in depth to determine
the coping skills used by victims, based upon their descriptive recall of these events. Eighteen adult women, who were group therapy members and leaders, were interviewed about their experiences as sexually abused children and adolescents. The critical incident technique was used to identify what hindered or facilitated the victims coping in the eighty-one abuse experiences collected. Each incident was categorized according to the identifiable stress, and the type of coping method used. Three categories of identifiable stress emerged from the data which were labelled offenders, significant others, and victims. Of these, the largest number of incidents related to stress created by offenders. In this sample, victims utilized direct action, inhibition of action, and intrapsychic coping methods, but not information seeking. Of these, direct action was most frequently employed. Independent judges found these categories reliable. Results are examined according to theoretical frameworks in coping theory and current perspectives on sexual abuse.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Johnston, Colin Farguhar. "An examination of child sexual abuse in Hong Kong." Thesis, [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12840452.
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Sagle, Betty Sherwood. "The effects of child sexual abuse : an exploration of variables contributing to long term negative effects of child sexual abuse /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020126/.
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Chan, Mi-har. "Breaking secrets : disclosing childhood sexual abuse /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20124843.
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Joy, Rayleigh Frances. "Governing child sexual abuse : the psy/legal nexus /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17861.pdf.
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Wiley, Elizabeth Stirling. "Situational correlates of disclosure of child sexual abuse." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1643.
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Often, a sexually abused childs disclosure is the only evidence of the abuse. However, most victims do not disclose until adulthood, if ever. This study explores situational correlates of child sexual abuse disclosure. An archival data set comprised of 1120 cases of child sexual abuse was analyzed. Questions asked include whether or not any variable differentiates between the type of disclosure a child makes, the identity of the recipient of the disclosure, whether or not a child will recant, and if a child does recant, in what timeframe this occurs. Variables included victim characteristics (gender, ethnicity, age, family income) and abuse characteristics (relationship to the perpetrator, nature of the abuse, threat involved, frequency of abuse, and duration of abuse.) T-tests, chi-square analyses, and log linear modeling were used in the analysis of the data. Although statistical limitations were an issue, age and threat were found to be influential in the disclosure process.
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Harms, Paul Davis. "Perceptions of child-witnesses in sexual abuse trials." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/NQ35175.pdf.
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Willingham, Elizabeth Upchurch. "Maternal Perceptions and Responses to Child Sexual Abuse." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/12.
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ABSTRACT MATERNAL PERCEPTIONS AND RESPONSES TO CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE by Elizabeth U. Willingham Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a complex phenomenon that requires various levels of intervention to address the safety, recovery, and prevention needs of children and families who have experienced victimization. Although there is a large body of literature that has identified and examined many aspects of CSA (Putnam, 2003), less is known about nonoffending caregivers of sexually abused children. The one consistent finding across studies that have investigated CSA, nonoffending caregivers, and traumatic stress in children is the importance the of child-caregiver relationship in facilitating recovery (Elliot & Carnes, 2001; Scheeringa & Zeanah, 2001). CSA is stressful for both the child and the caregiver, and it affects the child-caregiver relationship. Studies are needed to determine the underlying factors and processes that contribute to nonoffending caregivers’ stress and coping responses, supportive and protective reactions, and intervention needs as they relate to supporting their children’s recovery and healing the family unit. This exploratory study examined the phenomenological experiences of mothers whose children had been sexually abused. In-depth exploration and systematic analysis of mothers’ perceptions about their children’s victimization, their reaction, and their distress using constructivist grounded theory methods (Charmaz & Corbin, 2005) provided a better understanding of the mothers’ collective experience and response. This study used theoretical sampling (Miles & Huberman, 1994) for participant selection. The researcher interviewed 14 mothers of children who had been sexually abused and had received services at a child advocacy center. Two key informants were also interviewed to obtain a detailed conceptualization of the theoretical and practical aspects of the programs and services at the child advocacy. The findings from this naturalistic, phenomenological inquiry revealed that the mothers experienced crisis and traumatic distress following their children’s disclosure. The findings also showed that even in the midst of traumatic distress and grief, the mothers did believe and protect their children. In addition, the results of this study highlight how maternal supportive responses are interdependent on numerous factors, especially their capacity to cope with past abuse, current distress, and their level of emotional and financial dependency on their child’s perpetrator.
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Thomas-Morton, Sherry. "Child sexual abuse protocol : changing social work practice?" Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61153.
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This study examined the introduction of a Child Sexual Abuse Protocol, supported by a specialized training program, in a large social service centre, to determine effects on social work practice and case outcomes. The sample (N = 261) represented referrals during two years, one before and one after introduction of the Protocol. Data sources were agency files, supplemented by interviews with five key informants. It was found that the Protocol and training had little effect on worker practice or case outcomes. An uneven and ambiguous implementation process, combined with the lack of coordination of the social service, police, and judicial systems, were contributing factors. The conflicting views of managers were important influences. Interagency coordination, and application of consistent standards, are recommended. Effective intervention in child sexual abuse cases requires a revision of the Protocol, which takes into account the experiences and limitations of the participating systems.
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Strachman, Miller Marjorie. "Processing the trauma of intrafamilial child sexual abuse." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/11968.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Family Studies and Human Services
Sandra M. Stith
While previous research has shown that some form of processing the trauma of IFCSA seems to occur for many IFCSA survivors, how the trauma of IFCSA is processed remains as a gap in the literature. In this exploratory study, I used qualitative methods to clarify what the nature of processing is and how it happens among IFCSA survivors. A phenomenological framework was utilized to understand the lived experience of processing IFCSA, which guided my main research question (What is the nature of how IFCSA is processed for some survivors?). Participants were recruited from the community via flyers, advertisements, and announcements. Seven eligible female participants completed two separate in-person semi-structured interviews. Participants also completed a timeline to organize their journeys in the first interview, and brought an object, or aesthetic representation, to represent their journeys of processing IFCSA in the second interview to triangulate data collection. To analyze the data, I used a constructivist grounded theory analysis approach. The general categories that emerged from the data in relation to processing IFCSA included the journey of processing IFCSA, the nature of processing IFCSA, and advice about processing IFCSA. The journey of processing included the individual journeys that each participant had been through. Participants described the nature of processing in terms of how they defined and experienced processing IFCSA experiences. For example, one participant’s definition of processing was the “uncomfortable process of really unpacking the implications of what actually happened. … acknowledging all the myriad ways that it’s actually affected you in your life. … And sort of personalizing what it is about that…has an affect on you.” Finally, advice from the participants for individuals, families, and helping professionals are described. Several participants recommended that victims seek help, as one participant discussed, “To me it’s not a stigma, a horrible thing, to go to counseling. That really it is for a healing, that it is another step of medically taking care of ourselves.” Clinical implications derived from this advice as well as from participants’ experiences processing IFCSA are discussed. Suggestions for future research to gain a better understanding about processing IFCSA are also discussed.
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Nguyen, My Linh Thi. "Health consequences of child and adult sexual abuse /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16613.pdf.
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Foote, Wendy Lee. "Child Sexual Abuse Allegations in the Family Court." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1986.
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This research is concerned with decision-making in judgments made in the Family Court of Australia where there are allegations of child sexual abuse. The focus of the research is the identification of the concepts that are relied on in the assessment of these allegations by professionals providing evidence to the court and how judges determine what evidence should be given weight and relied on. This research was undertaken against a historical and current backdrop of scepticism about the veracity of child sexual abuse allegations in family law disputes, despite the heightened risk to children, and in particular to girls, after their parents separate and/or divorce. In this context the Family Court is also increasingly becoming a part of the child protection system as allegations of abuse are raised in hearings. This research has taken place in the period of time after the Reform Act (1995) and before new proposed legislation for 2006 was proclaimed. This research is based on a detailed thematic analysis of 21 judgments of first instance trials between 1997 and 2001 that were selected for the presence of a child sexual abuse allegation and at least two professionals disputing some aspect of the allegation. Twenty-five family members, including 18 mothers and four maternal grandmothers, made allegations about 28 family members, 21 of whom were fathers. Professionals who gave evidence included 11 child protection officers and 20 court-ordered private assessors (including 17 child and family psychiatrists, three clinical psychologists and 11 court counsellors). This research found that the context of the allegation, the family law litigation, had a dominant influence on how the allegations were assessed and interpreted: the impact of two influential paradigms, the separation and divorce and the legal/psychiatric paradigms, resulted in a reticence to test out the allegations of child sexual abuse made against fathers. Concepts from these paradigms were applied by court-ordered assessors and represented the sceptical conceptualisation of allegations of child sexual abuse as the product of the parental conflict, associated maternal anxiety and mental illness. In contrast, fathers were not scrutinised as closely against criteria for sex offending even when they made admissions relating to the allegations. Evidence from and about children was not central to the hearings and professionals who were in a position to present assessments of the child sexual abuse allegations to the court were discredited as a result of concerns about ‘contamination’ relating to criticisms of investigation and other methodological errors. In addition, allegations from children were frequently not fully examined or analysed by assessors or the judiciary. There were glimpses of a child-focused approach in a small number of hearings and, while there was no specialist assessment of the child sexual abuse allegations, there was evidence of specialist knowledge pertaining to domestic violence in cases in which there was a high level of evidence relating to serious domestic violence. This research has shown that there is a continuing influence of a sceptical paradigm in relation to the assessment of child sexual abuse allegations in the Family Court. It suggests that the scope of assessments needs to go beyond the usual scope of parental competencies to include an assessment of the propensity for child sexual abuse perpetration and the dynamics and effects of incest.
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Sally, Christina Lynn. "Understanding Nonoffending Caregiver Protection in Child Sexual Abuse." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7253.
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Child sexual abuse is a global issue that has affected children, families, and communities for centuries regardless of socioeconomic, religious, ethnic, race, or multicultural factors and distinctions. Sexually abused children may be reluctant to disclose sexual abuse due to perceptions or realities that their nonoffending caregiver (NOC) will not believe their reports and may fail to provide adequate protection. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess if child demographics (i.e., age, sex, and race/ethnicity); type of sexual offense (i.e., contact or noncontact); and perpetrator relationship to the child (i.e., familial or extrafamilial) predict a NOC's response (i.e., protection or failure to protect) to child sex abuse disclosures, using cognitive dissonance theory and neutralization theory as theoretical foundations. Archived and extracted data (2015-2017) were utilized from the Utah Department of Human Services. A binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictive quality of the independent variables for the outcome variable. The results indicated that the odds of protection were greater for non-White females experiencing noncontact abuse by a familial offender. Age was not a statistically significant predictor of NOC protection in the full model. The findings from this study support positive social change by providing research-based conclusions that can promote prevention, intervention, and education programs by child protection teams for victims of child sexual abuse and their families.
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Seaton, Mary Ann. "Sexual abuse prevention programs in Illinois schools /." View online, 2006. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131342703.pdf.
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Turinetti, Greg J. "Criminal consequences of early childhood sexual abuse." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999turinettig.pdf.
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Wismayanti, Yanuar F. "Understanding Child Sexual Abuse in Indonesia: A Critical Analysis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/397635.
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Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a global problem that affects children across cultures, nationalities and economic status. Under reporting of CSA is common. CSA remains a taboo issue that is sensitive to discuss, this often leads to stigma and shame. There are significant gaps in knowledge on the occurrence of CSA in Indonesia and this is reflected in fragmented and inconsistent responses. This can be seen in the literature review conducted for this thesis that found the contradictions in definitions of children within the laws have contributed to how and whether CSA cases are correctly recognised in Indonesia. These were based on the age of the child and their marital status; often this construction was especially discriminating against girls. Cultural practices can add to these difficulties as well as perpetuate myths or inaccuracies about the occurrence of CSA. As a result, there are challenges in understanding its prevalence. Indonesia has begun to recognise CSA as a significant problem requiring effective intervention and prevention. The national government has a strong national policy on child protection and commitment to addressing violence against children. This is consistent with the United Nations New Sustainable Development Goals which urge member countries to eliminate child violence, including CSA (World Health Organisation et al., 2016).
This thesis specifically aims (i) to understand how CSA is perceived within current policy and law, and in doing so to elucidate the context and complexities of CSA, and (ii) to explore the various perspectives that stakeholders hold regarding CSA, and how the issues are addressed at the local level. In order to achieve the abovementioned aims, the thesis adopted a critical discourse analysis method. In particular, Bacchi’s WPR (What’s the Problem Represented to be) methodology was chosen due to the exploratory and conceptual gaps in understanding how CSA in Indonesia is conceived. This approach is particularly suitable for facilitating a better understanding regarding the assumptions and evidence used to construct Indonesian policy and law on CSA. The critical discourse analysis was comprised of two parts. First, it critically explored how CSA issues in Indonesia have been constructed and represented. Six government documents were analysed, namely two laws and four national policies, which are related to child protection. Second, the analysis investigated the problematisation of CSA among stakeholders, including their perspectives on the national policy and law on CSA prevention and intervention, and challenges in program implementation at the local level. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 stakeholders (7 people in Central Java Province, and 9 people in Surakarta City). These participants included local policy makers, public servants, health professionals, and relevant Non-Government Organisation representatives.
The thesis identified five key findings. Firstly, main CSA problematisations were identified: children are a vulnerable, at risk and disempowered group; there is a lack of access and coordination on integrated services for children; and there is a lack of agreement and clarity across laws and policy in child protection. Perspectives across stakeholders at the local level confirmed these problematisations and their consequences. Second, the assumptions of power relations that feature in society, and across government institutions, contributed to the construction of CSA problematisations in Indonesia. These assumptions were related to cultural practices, and structural power created by the laws and policies. Third, the historic influence of Dutch colonial law within the current Indonesian child protection laws and policies, was identified. Fourth, the government texts were silent on discussing the issue of CSA due to the influence of cultural and religious beliefs, including the concept of taboo. Fifth, the silence about CSA in Indonesian policy discourse influenced the design and strategy of CSA prevention and intervention in the country. Given the limited adequate access to justice, protection, and services, children in Indonesia are at high risk and are vulnerable to sexual abuse.
The issue of CSA might be thought about differently if dominant discourses are replaced. This thesis offers a way to replace the relevant aspects of the dominant discourse with alternative representations and conceptual frameworks that would likely have a less harmful effect. In summary, the policy and legal discourses on CSA have a significant potential to be transformed to construct and develop a more effective response to CSA prevention and intervention in Indonesia.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Human Serv & Soc Wrk
Griffith Health
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Abdulrehman, Rehman Y. "The relationship between sexual aggression and perception of abuse in adult survivors of child sexual abuse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57522.pdf.
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Bolar, Eleanor A. "African American Clergy: Fostering Supportive Relationships with Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1314114117.
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Simmons, Rosemary Velda. "Childhood sexual trauma and female prostitution /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Seinen, Albert Christopher. "A description of faith issues in the spiritual journey of adults recovering from childhood sexual abuse." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.
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