Relevant bibliographies by topics / Child soldiers War

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Academic literature on the topic 'Child soldiers War'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Child soldiers War"

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Kohrt, Brandon, and Robert Koenig. "Child Soldiers after War." Anthropology News 50, no. 5 (May 7, 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-3502.2009.50527.x.

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Singh, Aoife R., and Ashok N. Singh. "The mental health consequences of being a child soldier — an international perspective." International Psychiatry 7, no. 3 (July 2010): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s174936760000583x.

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Worldwide there are currently 300 000 child soldiers. Not only does the use of child soldiers lead to individual suffering but it also alters the dynamics of war and makes conflict and instability more likely. It is important both to prevent recruitment and to rehabilitate former child soldiers into their communities. For rehabilitation and reintegration programmes to be effective, it is necessary to understand the consequences of child soldiering. This paper reviews and summarises some of the key findings related to the mental health consequences of being a child soldier.
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Vambe, Maurice Taonezvi. "WITNESS AND ARCHIVE: TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES OF A CHILD SOLDIER IN WARCHILD: A CHILD SOLDIER’S STORY." Commonwealth Youth and Development 12, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1611.

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The memoir, WARCHILD: A child soldier’s story (Jal 2009), though written several years after the author-narrator’s experience, claims its authority from the child soldier’s forced participation in a war of persecution that is narratively reworked in the child’s imagination as a war of the liberation of South Sudan. This article aims to explore what happens to historical fact when the narrative shifts from the testimony of a child witness to the narrative archived in the form of memoir. Agamben (1999) seeks to explain this lacuna and his idea of the aporia at the core of narrative of testimony in memoir is useful in revealing how in a written account of the self, ‘reality exceeds its factual elements’. Young (1988, 23) amplifies the paradox of ‘factual testimony’, such as memoir, and indicates that this genre cannot achieve the ‘convincing factual authority’ that it wishes to establish because of the ever present ‘anxieties of displacement of events by their own texts’. Thus, the trauma experienced by the child soldier is a result of ‘double dying’ (Rosenfeld 1980) as he witnesses the actual physical dying and death of fellow child soldiers, as much as the death of an authentic account of self in war, produced when fictional metaphors threaten to obliterate raw experience. The article argues that metaphor’s propensity to usurp historical fact is the basis upon which the narrative of the child soldier’s trauma becomes the condition of possibility of remembering and recording both historical facts and the meaning of desecration and liberation.
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Honwana, Alcinda. "Children in War: Reintegrating Child Soldiers." IDS Bulletin 40, no. 1 (January 2009): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2009.00010.x.

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Yina, Martin N. "Child Soldiers in Africa." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 20, no. 1 (2008): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2008201/27.

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Modem warfare has a devastating effect on the well-being of children, especially those described as child soldiers. These children are taken out of their safe environment, their rights are violated, and they are subjected by warlords to all forms of suffering that not befit any stage of their life. Their experiences distort their personal development and disrupt family and community life. This essay explores the impact of war on children in a globalized world with particular focus on Sierra Leone and Uganda, two countries in Africa with prolonged wars. Efforts by various organizations and agencies to rehabilitate and reintegrate these children are commendable, but more preventive measures entailing political, economic, andl cultural changes are needed that provide young people with productive opportunities. Contemporary means of communication sensitive to indigenous cultures are also needed to complement folk media and empower people to demobilize and reintegrate child soldiers as well as prevent child soldiering.
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COHN, ILENE. "Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism:Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism." American Anthropologist 108, no. 2 (June 2006): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2006.108.2.431.2.

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Nicholson, Joanna. "Is Targeting Naked Child Soldiers a War Crime?" International Criminal Law Review 16, no. 1 (February 5, 2016): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01601006.

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International law prohibits the recruitment and use of children under the age of fifteen to participate actively in hostilities. Such child soldiers constitute military targets under international humanitarian law (ihl), and the prevailing view is that they may be targeted in the same way as their adult counterparts. Although there may be moral or pragmatic reasons for avoiding targeting child soldiers if possible, there is no obligation under international law to treat them differently from an adult fighter.
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Dalaman, Zeynep Banu, and Türkan Melis Parlak. "Child soldier realty in Uganda: International law and reintegration." Border Crossing 10, no. 2 (November 13, 2020): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v10i2.1051.

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The use of children who have been most exposed to the destructive effects of wars for various military activities has been seen throughout history. Child soldiers are involved in civil wars and conflicts in many countries, especially in Africa, without discrimination. Even if the participation of 15-year-olds in the Army is accepted as a war crime by the United Nations, some 300,000 children are actively involved in wars today. The key to child soldiers is the reintroduction and retraining of these children. However, what should be mentioned here is that these children are guilty? Or a victim? In this article, the child soldier problem will be discussed from two angles. First, the effectiveness of the decisions taken to prevent criminal organisations and states from committing this crime to recruit child soldiers within the framework of international law rules will be discussed. Secondly, based on the example of Uganda, the programs prepared by the international community for the reintegration of former child warriors to society will be analysed.
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Achvarina, Vera, and Simon F. Reich. "No Place to Hide: Refugees, Displaced Persons, and the Recruitment of Child Soldiers." International Security 31, no. 1 (July 2006): 127–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2006.31.1.127.

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The global number of child soldiers has grown significantly in the last two decades despite a series of protocols designed to curb this trend. They are generally employed in wars where belligerents spend more time attacking civilian populations than fighting professional armies. Used by both governments and rebel groups, child soldiers epitomize many of the problems associated with states at risk: intergenerational violence, poverty, and the failure of efforts to instill the rule of war. Both scholars in security studies and policymakers have largely regarded child soldier recruitment as a humanitarian issue. But recent events have linked child soldiering to insurgency and terrorism, suggesting that this issue is also developing a security dimension. This article examines contrasting arguments about the causes of child soldiering. Using data drawn from nineteen African conflicts, the authors argue that the major explanation for the significant variation in the percentage of child soldiers recruited is the degree of protection against abduction provided by governments and external actors to camps housing internally displaced persons and refugees.
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Gehrmann, Susanne. "Congolese Child Soldier Narratives for Global and Local Audiences." Journal of World Literature 6, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00602003.

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Abstract The article examines narratives by and about former child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a hitherto neglected corpus despite the topicality of child soldiering in African literatures after 2000. Critical readings of three testimonial texts that have been published in France are juxtaposed with the analysis of one testimonial narrative and one youth novel that have been published in Kinshasa. The editorial framing and narrative strategies that speak to different audiences located in different literary fields are identified. The popularity of testimonial narratives in the West relies on the depiction of violence and the iconic function of the child soldier in medial and human rights discourses. By contrast, narratives about the reconciliation and the reintegration of child soldiers prevail in the DRC. Thus, the different functions of global and local narratives on the sensitive issue of children at war are exposed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Child soldiers War"

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Kucherenko, Olga. "Soviet child-soldiers in World War II." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611276.

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Samphansakul, Attaphorn Mason T. David. "Child soldiers and intrastate armed conflicts an analysis of the recruitments of child soldiers in civil wars between 2001 and 2003 /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9038.

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Hedkvist, Elin. "Girls and Boys at War : Child Soldiers in International Law." Thesis, Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-9453.

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The recruitment, enlistment and use of children younger than fifteen to participate actively in hostilities is prohibited in customary international law as well as in several international legal instruments. The use of child soldiers is, despite of the prohibition, a widespread phenomenon with 300 000 as the estimated number of child soldiers in national armies as well as in various rebel and insurgent groups in the world today. Although the problem is world-wide; most recent focus have been on Africa where children have served and still serve in ongoing conflicts in various functions including but not limited to front line soldiers, messengers, guards and sex-slaves. Many of the world‟s child soldiers are girls that are facing the risks of sexual abuse and discrimination. In this thesis the 1996-2002 civil war in Sierra Leone will serve as an example of a conflict were children were used as soldiers.Prohibition against the use of child soldiers can be found in international legal instruments in both human rights law and international humanitarian law. It can also be found in instruments in the fields of international labor law and prohibition against slavery. The provisions differ in their definition of a child soldier; concerning age limit as well as the child‟s function during the conflict. There are also differences in the responsibility of states to protect children against being used as soldiers. This particularly affects girl soldiers since they often have their primary tasks behind the front line and thus are not usually included in the more narrow definitions of child soldiers.Two courts; the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) are used as examples of enforcement mechanisms. The SCSL as being the first court to deliver convictions for the use of child soldiers as well as thoroughly discussing the illegality of the use of child soldiers has been of importance in the fight against the use of child soldiers. The ICC will be the enforcement mechanism of the future and it has already prosecuted for the use of child soldiers. The SCSL has raised the awareness and started the struggle against impunity for those responsible for using child soldiers but it is the ICC that will have to continue the fight, although with some obstacles to overcome.

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Samphansakul, Attaphorn. "Child Soldiers and Intrastate Armed Conflicts: An Analysis of the Recruitments of Child Soldiers in Civil Wars Between 2001 and 2003." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9038/.

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This thesis examines why some governments and rebel organizations but not others recruit children to be child soldiers. The theory posits that if a country fights in a civil war of long duration, armed groups are more likely to recruit children as soldiers. I find that the probability of child soldier recruitment increases when a country experiences following conditions: a longer duration of civil war, a large proportion of battle deaths, a large number of refugees, a high infant mortality rate, and the presence of alluvial diamonds. An increase in education expenditures and civil liberties would decrease the probability of child soldier recruitments.
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Sanjaya, Aryal Hayes Mike. "Use of child soldiers in Nepal : a causal analysis /." Abstract Full Text (Mahidol member only), 2008. http://10.24.101.3/e-thesis/2551/cd423/5038138.pdf.

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Westerling, Elin. "A ‘LOST GENERATION’? : A Study of Child Soldiers and Violence After War." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341590.

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Reta, Runa. "Negotiating the release of child soldiers in war : engaging non-state armed groups during periods of conflict." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116124.

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The persistent use of child soldiers in war continues to be a serious problem for many countries locked in conflicts around the world, yet surprisingly little attention has been given to those actors who are recruiting children in the greatest numbers: namely, non-state armed groups (NSAs). In recent years, several NSAs have entered into formal commitments with UNICEF to end their child recruitment practices; what is more interesting, they have done so during periods of active conflict. Why have these armed groups signed such agreements? Are there observable patterns among these NSAs that could better help us predict the likelihood of engaging with other groups in the future? This Masters thesis endeavours to look more closely at the nature of these specific actors employing children in war, and the dynamics surrounding negotiated agreements, in order to answer the question: why do non-state armed groups agree to end their child recruitment practices during periods of ongoing conflict?
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Lasley, Trace C. "Creed vs. Deed: Secession, Legitimacy, and the Use of Child Soldiers." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/polysci_etds/2.

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The use of child soldiers has troubled human rights activists, policy-makers, and local communities for decades. Although rebellions around the world routinely use children in their activities, many do not. Despite its overwhelming importance for conflict resolution, the topic of child soldiers remains understudied. My research blends classic rational choice and constructivist themes to develop an explanation for when child soldiers will be used, and when they will be avoided. The likelihood of child recruitment is influenced by the value of international opinion; this is determined by the groups' long-term goals. Secessionist rebellions desire to have their own state. However, statehood is jealously guarded by the international community and is only granted under extreme circumstances. The use of child soldiers has been condemned around the world as a crime against humanity, and it can curtail international support. Thus, secessionists should be the least likely rebel type to use child soldiers out of a concern to appear legitimate. Opportunistic rebellions face few constraints in their recruitment efforts. They do not desire international support because their long-term goal is the same as their short term goal: profit. Instead of refraining from using children in order to curry favor with external parties, they will abduct, adopt, and abuse children because they are cheaper to employ than adults. Opportunists are unconcerned with losing legitimacy or reducing the chances of victory. Therefore, they should be the most likely to use child soldiers. Concern for costs can affect all rebels. As duration grows, constraints over long-term legitimacy diminish. Therefore, all rebellions should be more likely to use child soldiers as duration increases. I test my theory quantitatively by looking at 103 rebel groups active between 1998-2008. I explore rebellions in Somalia, Colombia, Afghanistan and Sudan to further elucidate the causal mechanisms. There is considerable empirical support for the theory. These results offer policy-relevant conclusions in the areas of rehabilitation and conflict resolution. More importantly, they offer a workable strategy to curb the use of child soldiers in civil war.
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Nortje, Windell. "The accountability of juveniles for crimes under international law." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5471.

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Doctor Legum - LLD
Children have been committing crimes during times of war and other armed conflicts since time immemorial. Yet, it is only over the last few decades that cognisance is being taken of child soldiers as a type of juvenile. The unfortunate sight of a child holding a gun has become a familiar picture throughout armed conflicts, especially in Africa. Both boys and girls are used as child soldiers and they can be as young as 5 years old. They are mainly regarded as victims of crimes under international law and are therefore usually rehabilitated once they have been disarmed and demobilised. Notwithstanding their need for rehabilitation, it is a fact that child soldiers commit some of the most egregious crimes under international law. They receive military-style training and are presumably not afraid of killing and carrying out orders. Yet it is recognised that generally they do not have the same level of maturity as adults. The reality of child soldiers who join armed forces therefore presents complex legal questions in the face of contemporary international criminal law principles which, on the one hand, afford protection to all children, and on the other, unequivocally call for the prosecution and punishment of those who are individually responsible for committing crimes under international law. Consequently, various safeguards need to be upheld to ensure that the best interests of the child are maintained once a child soldier is held criminally responsible. This thesis analyses the extent to which child soldiers can be prosecuted under domestic and international law, as well as the implementation of alternative measures to prosecution. The thesis proposes that a case-by-case approach should be considered when child soldiers are prosecuted for crimes under international law, thereby investigating and analysing the often distinctive circumstances related to their crimes.
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Fritzen, Johannes. "Accountability of child soldiers in conflict situations in Sub Saharan Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1561.

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Throughout the world, but especially in the African continent, international, cross-border and national conflicts are ongoing. In the majority of these conflicts child soldiers are involved in various ways. Judicial problems concerning the prosecution of commanders and leaders of armed groups, irrespective of governmental or not are being solved. Thus, underlying concern is left to the issue of accountability of child soldiers. International, Regional and National protection measures provide for certain judicial standards dealing with children under the age of eighteen. In order to fully understand the difficulties arising from the existence of universal binding measurement dealing with the accountability of child soldiers, one has to be aware of the international, regional and national legislative frameworks. In Sub Saharan Africa, especially in Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, governments face various difficulties, such as the implantation process of international protection measures and ongoing conflicts, making it very difficult to examine the status of accountability measures for child soldiers. States have different minimum ages for accountability for child soldiers. Only a process of international co-operation between governments and non state actors can attempt to deal with the accountability of child soldiers. Not only deterrent, but rather restitution approaches and reintegration programmes should be followed in order to bring justice and achieve results in peace processes.
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Books on the topic "Child soldiers War"

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Child soldiers: A reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2012.

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Lloyd, Davies Megan, ed. War child: A child soldier's story. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2009.

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Honwana, Alcinda Manuel. Child soldiers in Africa. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.

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Honwana, Alcinda Manuel. Child soldiers in Africa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.

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Youngest recruits: Pre-war, war & post-war experiences in Western Côte d'Ivoire. [Amsterdam]: Pallas Publications, 2010.

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Borchini, Charles. Child soldiers: Implications for U.S. forces. Quantico, Va: Center for Emerging Threats and Opportunities, Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory, 2002.

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Child soldiers: From recruitment to reintegration. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Özerdem, Alpaslan. Child soldiers: From recruitment to reintegration. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Innocents lost: When child soldiers go to war. New York: Basic Books, 2005.

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Steinl, Leonie. Child Soldiers as Agents of War and Peace. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-201-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Child soldiers War"

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Burkholder, Peter, and David Rosen. "Child Soldiers in Medieval(esque) Cinema." In War, Myths, and Fairy Tales, 147–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2684-3_7.

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McBride, Julie. "Child Soldiers at the International Criminal Court." In The War Crime of Child Soldier Recruitment, 145–200. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-921-4_5.

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McBride, Julie. "The Special Court for Sierra Leone: ‘Crystallisation’ and Child Soldiers." In The War Crime of Child Soldier Recruitment, 83–110. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-921-4_3.

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Goldie, Janis L. "Rebelle Rebel: African Child Soldiers, Gender, and the War Film." In New Perspectives on the War Film, 223–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23096-8_11.

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Stańczyk, Ewa. "Moral Panic: The Child Soldiers of the Warsaw Uprising." In Commemorating the Children of World War II in Poland, 77–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32262-5_4.

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Zack-Williams, Tunde. "When Children Become Killers: Child Soldiers in the Civil War in Sierra Leone." In Handbook of Resilience in Children of War, 83–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6375-7_6.

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Kurth, Michael E. "The Recruitment and Use of Child Soldiers: Some Reflections on the Prosecution of a New War Crime." In Future Perspectives on International Criminal Justice, 475–97. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-495-0_21.

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Savić, Dalibor, Rusmir Piralić, and Aleksandar Janković. "Voices of Ex-Child Soldiers from the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Between Public and Private Narratives." In Childhoods in Peace and Conflict, 43–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74788-6_3.

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McBride, Julie. "The Child Soldier Dilemma." In The War Crime of Child Soldier Recruitment, 1–41. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-921-4_1.

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McBride, Julie. "Conclusions." In The War Crime of Child Soldier Recruitment, 201–14. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-921-4_6.

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